Soil test-based fertility management is indispensable for sustainable soil management. This investigation was conducted to evaluate the soil fertility status of selected pedons formed on the basement complex in Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 37 soil samples were collected at depth of 0-30 cm and analysed for routine parameters following standard procedures. The statuses of the following parameters were determined: texture, organic carbon, pH, N, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cu and Mn. The observed data revealed that the sand content was 71±10.72%, silt: 8±4% while clay was 21±6.42%. The textural class for the soils fall within sandy loam, sandy clay loam and loamy sand. The soil was moderately acidic (pH: 6.02±0.09). The organic carbon (10.9±1.59%) total N (0.16±0.02%), K (0.98±0.013 Cmol kg–1), Ca (4.84±0.43 Cmol kg–1) and P (11.80±1.91 mg kg–1) were low to moderate in status. Based on nutrient index classification, the Cu content (7.08±0.73 mg kg–1), Zn (11.46±0.52 mg kgG )1 and Na (0.63±0.06 Cmol kgG )1 exhibited moderate status. In addition, Mn (104.49±3.26 Cmol kg–1) and Mg (3.2±0.16 Cmol kg–1) were high in status. Furthermore, available Fe (143.82±5.61 mg kg–1) was very high in status. The results showed that most of the nutrient elements were moderate to high in the soils. Therefore, proper nutrient management strategy should be adopted in order to maintain optimal yield of crops in the area.

A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad in a soil mixed with green clay, classified under the group Typic Torrifluvents, to study the effect of paper feeding in iron and zinc in grains and leaves in wheat grains 99, 29 and 7. The experiment was carried out using the whole randomized sections and three replicates (0, 50 and 100 mg) Fe–1, (0, 50 and 100) Zn–1 mg in the stages of plant growth and interference was sprayed in the same proportions. The results showed that all iron and zinc concentrations and their interactions significantly increased all study parameters. However, the Zn Fe 2 2 interaction coefficients achieved the highest values with a value of 190.50 mg.kg–1.

A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad in a soil mixed with green clay, classified under the group Typic Torrifluvents, to study the effect of paper feeding in iron and zinc in grains and leaves in wheat grains 99, 29 and 7. The experiment was carried out using the whole randomized sections and three replicates (0, 50 and 100 mg) Fe–1, (0, 50 and 100) Zn–1 mg in the stages of plant growth and interference was sprayed in the same proportions. The results showed that all iron and zinc concentrations and their interactions significantly increased all study parameters. However, the Zn Fe 2 2 interaction coefficients achieved the highest values with a value of 190.50 mg.kg–1.

Adoption of high yielding wheat varieties is one of the measures presumed to enhance wheat yield in Ethiopia. However, there are several socioeconomic and institutional factors that limit the adoption of high yielding wheat varieties. The main objective of this study was to identify factors affecting adoption of high yielding wheat varieties in Mao-Komo District of Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional data collected from sample of 174 farm households selected through two-stage stratified random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and Econometric Models were used to analyze the data. Probit Model was employed for adoption analyze of high yielding wheat varieties. The Probit Model result depicted that land holding size, tropical livestock unit, access to agricultural information, frequency of extension contacts, off-farm income and perception of farmers toward attributes of high yielding wheat varieties affected the likelihood of adoption of high yielding wheat varieties positively and significantly. But sex of household heads and affiliation to organizations had negative and significant effect on the likelihood of adoption of high yielding wheat varieties. The findings suggest that the government and stakeholders should need to focus on improving farm land and livestock productivity, strengthening frequency of extension visits, encouraging participation in off-farm activities, creating reliable information and awareness towards farmer?s perceptions in the area. Finally, further support of high yielding wheat varieties adoption should be given due attention for smallholders.