Rainfall data was collected for last five years including 2012 up to September in Tadepalli mandal Guntur district Andhrapradesh. The watershed is located in a geographical area between 16.4667°N latitudes and 80.6000°E longitudes. The rainfall data was collected from the nearby rain gauge which is located in an area of 61.5 sq km. SCS-CN method was used to calculate rainfall runoff using multiple linear regressions. In SCS-CN method different parameters like soil information, rainfall, storm duration, soil texture, type & amount of vegetation cover and conservation practices were considered. Based on the soil classification the given area falls under group C. Then the runoff is computed for different areas, namely barren land, industrial area, built-up, aquaculture, agricultural, forest and hilly areas. IRS-P4-LISS IV data was used to study the land use/land cover pattern of Tadepalli Mandal. The land use/land cover patterns were visually interpreted and digitized using ERDAS IMAGINE software. The study observed that agriculture area (46.72%) is dominant in Tadepalli Mandal. The raster data is processed in ERDAS and geo-referenced and then LU/LC map, drainage map, contour map, DEM (digital elevation model) is generated in GIS. Estimated runoff using SCS-CN & RRL is computed with runoff, simulated and actual rainfall data. In years 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012. In general good co-relation (r2 =0.76 ) has been bound between observed and computed runoff.

Cargo terminals are as one of the main components of road transport system that by which we can provide services and facilities to the drivers and the fleet of transportation, centralized and coherent, and so we can make policy, conduct, and have necessary control and supervision the system of road transportation. One of the main problems in the transport sector of kohgiloyeh & Boyer Ahmad’s province is wandering trucks for finding and loading of the goods in urban areas that it caused to increase the number of accidents, environmental pollution and noise pollution, and so on. It also undermines the possibility of supervision on their activities. Considering the present situation, organizing the transportation of goods was a necessity, that as cargo terminals localization in the province of Kohgiloyeh & Boyer Ahmad were studied. Methods used to locate cargo terminals are regional planning techniques including, spatial analyses of land use and traffic flow analysis in the major roads. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is used to visualize the results clearly. The findings of the above mentioned techniques in totally gave the priority of construction of the cargo terminals to the roads of Yasuj-Babamaidan weighing 40, Yasuj-samirom weighing 36, Dogonbadan-Behbahan weighing 28, Dogonbadan-Babamaidan weighing 27, Dogonbadan-Behbahan weighing 25, and Yasuj-Sepidan weighing 25, respectively. According to the research findings and the multiplicity of goods transport’s companies in the province and the need to construct a terminal in each territory, places suitable for construction of the cargo terminals were selected respectively in Boyer Ahmad territory, the 15-20 km of Yasuj-Babamaidan road, in Gachsaran territory, centered 5 kilometer of Dogonbadan-Behbahan road, and in kohgiloyeh territory, the beginning of Dehdasht-Behbahan road.

Water being a prime natural resource, its essentiality and need is getting increased constantly. The management of water is crucial keeping in view the assessment and the availability and utilization. It needs proper planning and efficient management of water is foremost for development of a country. For efficient use of water resources, reservoirs are to be planned and operated under proper management of water resources system. For using this water efficiently for different purposes like water supply demand, municipal and irrigation water supply, hydroelectric power generation etc… there is need optimizing techniques of reservoir operation. Some of the optimizing techniques are Stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) model, System dynamic (SD) model, Intelligent decision support system (IDSS) approachetc.

The demand and popularity of portable electronics is driving designers to strive for small silicon area, higher speeds, low power dissipation and reliability. Design of 2-input AND, 2-input OR, 2-input XOR and an INVERTER, which are the basic building blocks for the 4- bit Ripple borrow subtractor. This paper thoroughly involves designing of ripple borrow subtractor in cMOS logic, transmission gate logic and pass transistor logic styles. The schematic design is further transferredto prefabrication layout. Simulation of the microwind layout realizations of the subtractor is performed and results are discussed. From the results obtained comparison of cMOS logic, transmission gate logic and pass transistor logic is done and discussing the efficient logic for ripple borrow subtractor.

Over the years there has been significant increase in the standard of living of the people around the globe due to rapid industrialization, and urbanization. However, these developments have also resulted in exploitation and overuse of natural resources, which are now hitting us back in the form of global warming, natural calamities and other tantamount effects. The word is slowly getting spread that we need to protect the environment so the quality of life for us and future generations does not deteriorate. To protect our Environment, the concept of Green Building has come in to picture which helps to reduce the pollution that is being produced from industries, automobiles, houses, pesticides, etc. However, lack of awareness on this technology, coupled with improper city planning, and complacency to provide support at the level of Government and local bodies has challenged for astute implementation of green technology. A Green Building is a sustainable building which is environmentally eco-friendly and resource efficient. Developed countries like USA, UK kick started to make people aware about this technology and provide aid for implementation through organizations like USGBC (United State Green Building Council), LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environment Design) and NAHB (National Authority of High Rise Buildings). In India, too, the task has been taken up through IGBC(Indian Green Building Council). The main aim of the Council is to reduce the pollution that emanates from houses and industries and seek for alternative renewable resources of energy for efficient use of building materials. In this research the process of point system for award of IGBC credits has been studied in detail and it was observed that the system is too complex for adoption for low and middle income group of houses in developing country environments like India and Nepal. Thus there is a need to review and suggest an encouraging system of categorizing the houses as Green Houses in developing country environment. In this research different factors like area, type of design, materials used have been included to come up with new plans and assignments of credits in a way that they can be achieved relatively easily. Also components like landscape, parking facilities, energy performance, grey water management, management of irrigation systems, credits have also been factored in so that certification as green building is made easy for new and existing low and middle income groups/class of houses to promote sustainable development in the near future

Object detection and tracking is important in the field of video processing. The increasing need for automated video analysis has generated a great deal of interest in object tracking algorithms. The input video clip is analyzed in three key steps: Frame extraction, Background estimation and Detection of foreground objects. The use of object tracking and counting; basically cars; is pertinent in the tasks of traffic monitoring. Traffic monitoring is important to direct traffic flow, to count traffic density and check the rules of traffic at traffic signals. In this paper we have presented a technique to avoid human monitoring and automate the video surveillance system. This system avoids the need to have a background image of the traffic. To a given input video signals, frames are extracted. Selected frames are used to estimate the background. This background image is subtracted from each input video frame and foreground object is obtained. After post processing technique, counting is done.

A landfill is a facility which is designed for the safe disposal of solid wastes. The bottom liners and a top Cover, of the landfill are considered as the most critical components. Penetration of Leachate in to the soil is the major problem in landfills. For existing landfills the main factor affecting the quality of liners/covers is its permeability which should not be greater than 1.0×10–9 m/sec. Alternative materials which can be used as liners are compacted ball clay, vitrified ceramic tiles, limestone slabs which have permeability relatively less compared to compacted clay. The compacted ball clay in the form of tiles (green) had undergone heavy compaction which in turn reduces permeability and the thickness of the liners/covers. By reducing the thickness of liners more amount of municipal solid waste can be accommodated. Usage of alternative materials will reduce the overall thickness of liner system by about 40-50cm

In this project, we propose a real-time embedded finger-vein recognition system (FVRS) for authentication on mobile devices. The system is implemented on an embedded platform and equipped with a novel finger-vein recognition algorithm. The proposed system consists of four hardware modules: radio frequency identification system, image acquisition module, embedded main board, and human machine communication module. RFID module will start the very initial communication between the user and the device The image acquisition module is used to collect finger-vein images. The Embedded main board including the Microcontroller chip, memory (flash), and communication port is used to execute the finger-vein recognition algorithm and communicate with the peripheral device. The human machine communication module (LED or keyboard) is used to display recognition results and receive inputs from users.