The Paper “ 2 KHz Successive Acoustic Pulse Signal Generation with different Phases for SODAR system using PC Sound card and MATLAB Graphical User Interface” is extension work for the paper title “2 KHz Mono Pulse Acoustic Signal Generation for SODAR Application using PC Sound card and MATLAB graphical user interface”. In previous paper the work has carried out with generating an Acoustic signal with specified frequency with some span of delay. This acoustic signal has propagated in one direction into the atmosphere. Here in this paper the work has carried out for generating the acoustic signal with some phase difference, which cause the change in the direction of the signal propagation. Here the generated signal has in time delay and for each time delay phase of the signal has changes in between 45, 90, 135 degrees, to obtain three directions in propagation signal as shown in the Fig 1.The SODAR (Sound Detection And Ranging) is an instrument that to measure the wind profile in the lower atmosphere of the earth. The volume measurement of the wind profile by remote sensing device, like SODAR have a great advantage compared to point measurements in a one height. In SODAR, acoustic pulses are sent vertically and at a small angle to the vertical. A thus transmitted sound pulse is scattered by the fluctuations and gradients as well as wind shear. There are five basic parameters that determine how the SODAR sends the beam. These are Transmit Frequency (FT), Transmit Power (PT), Pulse Length (τ), Rise Time (βτ) and Time between pulses (T). There are two further parameters, namely “Tilt angle” and “Half beam width”, which describes the beams of the antenna, but cannot be controlled by the software like MATLAB. MATLAB is a high-level language and interactive environment for computations, visualizations and programming. This language tool, and built-in mathematical functions will enable you to explore multiple approaches and reach a solution faster than with spreadsheets or traditional programming languages, such as C or C++ or VC++. Among the five basic parameters mentioned above, Transmit Frequency (FT), Pulse Length (τ) and Time between pulses (T) are controlled by designing the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of MATLAB. GUIs also known as graphical user interfaces or UIs provide point-and-click control of software applications, eliminating the need to learn a language or type commands in order to run the application.Thus using this GUI, user desired values of a SODAR beam can be generated. This paper is divided into four different layers such as user layer, application layer, operating system layer, and Hardware / Physical layer. The user layer gives the input to the application layer by mouse click or inputs through GUI icons. The application layer performs the signal processing such as parameter determination and further communicates with the operating system layer. The operating system layer acts as a bridge between hardware layer and application layer. Finally the Hardware / Physical layer takes care of commands executions, which are given by operating system layer. The advantage with this design of GUI replaces the ancient analog system using for beam generation.

- In machining fixtures, minimizing workpiece deformation due to clamping and cutting forces is essential to maintain the machining accuracy. The various methodology used for clamping operation used in different application by various authors are reviewed in this paper. Fixture is required in various industries according to their application. This can be achieved by selecting the optimal location of fixturing elements such as locators and clamps. The fixture set up for component is done manually. For that more cycle time required for loading and unloading the material. So, there is need to develop system which can help in improving productivity and time. Fixtures reduce operation time and increases productivity and high quality of operation is possible.

Retail banking is when a bank executes transactions directly with consumers, rather than corporations or other banks. Services offered include savings and transactional accounts, mortgages, personal loans, debit cards, and cards. Today, retail banking is being considered as one of the most innovative financial services provided by the various commercial Public Sector Banks (PSBs), private sector and foreign banks. Retail banking has a huge potential considering the growing demand for its products namely, term deposits, consumer durable loans, auto loans, debit card, credit cards, ATM facilities, insurance, online banking, etc. The growing sector of retail lending has contributed significantly to the development of the economy. Like other developed countries, India too, has a developed retail banking sector which accounts for one-fifth of all banks credit. Retail lending across the globe has been a showcase of innovative services in the commercial banking sector. Countries, like China and India, have emerged as potential markets with changing investment opportunities. The higher growth of retail lending in emerging economies can be attributed to the rapid growth of personal wealth, favorable demographic profile, rapid development in information technology, the conducive macroeconomic environment, financial market reforms and small micro-level supply side factors. The retail banking strategies of banks are undergoing a major transformation, as banks are beginning to adopt a mix of strategies like organic growth acquisition and alliance formation. This has resulted in a paradigm shift in the marketing strategies of the banks. PSBs are adopting aggressive strategies, leveraging their branch network to garner a large share of the retail market. This article attempts to highlight the prospects and the future role of retail banking in India. Retail banking is widely recognized as an important factor for the economic development of a country. Retail banking helps the Indian banking industry by providing a wide range of innovative services. Retail loan is estimated to have accounted for nearly one-fifth of all bank credit. Over the past few years housing sector is experiencing a boom in its availability of credit. The retail loan market has decisively got transformed from a seller's market to a buyer's market. The days are gone when getting a retail loan was difficult. All the above statements bring out the speed of development that retail banking is experiencing in India. Retail banking is a very wide term that refers to the dealings of commercial banks with individual customers, both on liabilities and assets side. Mortgages, loans (e.g., personal/housing, auto and educational) on the asset side are the more important products offered by the banks. Related ancillary services include credit cards and depository services.

This papers focuses on the calculations to understand the torque required to spin the wheel of an airplane before it touches the runway. This measure is part of a proposed solution that is expected to eliminate the smoke generated by the airplane as it lands. The landing smoke is the result of high velocity difference between the landing gear wheels and the runway. Therefore, a slip occurs and causes serve grinding between the tyre and the runway where the tyre happens to be the softer surface. The calculations are based on the assumption that there is a turbine is installed on the side of the wheel.

The existence of Internet-connected navigation and infotainment systems is becoming a truth that will easily lead to a remarkable growth in bandwidth demand by in-vehicle users. This content downloading system will induce the vehicular user to use the resource to the same extent as today’s mobile customers. By this approach communication-enabled vehicles are paying attention in downloading different contents from Internet-based servers. We summarize the performance limits of such a vehicular multimedia content downloading system by modeling the content downloading process as an optimization problem, and maximizing the overall system throughput with density measurement. Results highlight the methods where the Roadside infrastructure i.e., access points are working at different capabilities irrespective of vehicle density, the vehicle-to-vehicle relaying, and the penetration rate of the vehicular communication.

This paper is a study of the public transit systems. It includes an analysis of various regional transportation modes and arrives at optimal number of commuters patterns. The main focus is on the study of public transit systems issues in a medium size metropolitan environment. The thrust of this paper however is the establishment of criteria for public transportation needs of today and for the foreseeable future. While the final routes arrived are optimal, instead of using traditional optimization tools, an innovative approach in planning and organizing commuter travel using surveys is explained first and then the concept of TRUNK-BRANCH in public transit usage is presented in detail using a hypothetical example. Multi-modal approach is presented as possible solution to public transit. This paper delineates an approach in planning a public transit system that can be introduced in a small to medium scale environment. Attempts are made to address issues in public transportation in urban areas of any magnitude, from an average town, county partial system, to the ‘one-line’ origin-destination system.

This paper proposes PWM Multi Level inverter to take advantage of the cascaded H-bridges inverter by utilizing all of the levels in the inverter even at low modulation indices. In order to deal with harmonic elimination, a sine wave is compared with carrier triangular wave is presented. This approach requires a modified carrier waveform that can be calculated based on short functions requiring only depth of modulation. The results show the viability of obtaining practically sinusoidal output waveforms, which are highly desirable in most inverter applications. The improvements in harmonic spectrum are pointed out, which prove the validity of the multilevel modulation.

The concept of number system formation is proposed here addition with several properties directing to appropriate consequence. An analysis on complements of number also given which may introduce us to the concept of negative thing and can explain most of the logic in Mathematics. A master number reside with zero and divide itself and create sub-number which is bounded in an external circle of a fixed position . The numbers may also provide internal circle and circle in circle . At a range of point the circle is fulfilled and consumed by zero where all sub-number converge to the master . New number are formed by combination and again bounded to a circle . The process continues infinitely. Meanwhile the concept is useful in every area of science. Application in distributed system is shown. The system having the special property as every object is described with every object which may give the appropriate description of nature.

Productivity remains an intriguing subject and a dominant issue in the construction sector, promising cost savings and efficient usage of resources. Productivity is one of the most important issues in both developed and developing countries. Human Resource Management or HRM is the process of managing people in a company/firm as well as managing the existing inter-personal relationships. These two processes are key in the success and growth of a business. Human resource management is the management process of an organization's workforce, or human resources. It is responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and rewarding of employees, while also overseeing organizational leadership and culture and ensuring compliance with employment and labour laws. HR now focuses on strategic initiatives like mergers and acquisitions, talent management, succession planning, industrial and labour relations, and diversity and inclusion. Successful implementation ensures that all employees know their role, career path and also feel part of an organization which is able to manage and reconcile their expectations as well as those of the organization and its objectives. Based on those factors a questionnaire has been prepared in labours point of view. In this thesis , questionnaire survey have been conducted with various companies among 100 labours and using SPSS software their response have been extracted for studying the impact of human resource management practices on productivity and financial performance in construction industry and appropriate solution was given for all impacts.

The hydrogeochemical data of groundwater’s of the different aquifers of the Cuddalore coastal area, Tamilnadu were examined to determine the main factors controlling the groundwater chemistry and salinity as well as its hydrogeochemical evolution. The geology of the area plays a significant role in the determination of the groundwater potential of the region. The area underline by the various geological formations ranging in age from the oldest Archaean rocks to recent sediments. Groundwater of the coastal alluvial aquifer has the highest conductivity values in the study area due to the impact of seawater and agricultural activities. Piper diagram showed that Cl and SO4 are the dominant anions, whereas Na is the most dominant cation, where it is sometimes replaced by Ca and/or Mg in the hydrochemical facies of the ground waters. The paper revealed that the groundwater has been evolved from Ca-HCO3 recharge water through mixing with the pre-existing groundwater to give mixed water of Mg- SO4 and Mg-Cl types that eventually reached a final stage of evolution represented by a Na-Cl water type. Different ionic ratios revealed the impact of seawater and marine aerosols on the hydrochemical composition of groundwater of the Quaternary aquifer. Dissolution of carbonate and sulfate minerals in the aquifer matrices and recharge areas as well as cation exchange are shown to modify the concentration of ions in groundwater. Groundwater-mineral equilibrium showed the prevailing dissolution-precipitation reactions in the groundwater.

An analysis is performed to study the effect of heat and mass transfer chemically reactive flow past an accelerated vertical plate with Newtonian heating in the presence of radiation. Closed form analytic solutions are obtained for temperature, concentration, velocity by Laplace Transform technique and presented graphically for different values of physical parameters. Expressions of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are obtained and presented in graphical forms. The effects of various parameters on flow variables are illustrated graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are discussed.

– An Energy Efficient Feedthrough Logic (EE-FTL) is proposed in this paper to reduce the power consumption for low power applications. The EE-FTL is well suited to arithmetic circuits where the critical path is made of a large cascade of inverting gates. It has a unique characteristic where the output is pre-evaluated before the inputs from the preceding stage are ready. The proposed logic style requires low power when compare to the existing feedthrough logic (FTL). The proposed circuit is simulated and a comparison analysis has been carried out using 90-nm, 1.2V CMOS process technology. A CMOS Full Adder is designed by the energy efficient feedthrough logic and the simulation result in MicroWind environment shows that the proposed logic reduces the power consumption by 77%, 70% and 36% over FTL, Low Power FTL (LP-FTL) and Constant Delay Logic (CDL), respectively. The problem of requirement of inverter as in dynamic logic is completely eliminated in the proposed logic.

– The textile industry consumes considerable amounts of water during the dying and finishing operations. Dyes extensively used are found to be toxic and considered to be resistant to biodegradation. In this work a detailed investigation of heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of Navy blue HE2R 1 (NB), azo dye of reactive class is presented using UV/P-25TiO2/ZnO2/H2O2 process in aqueous suspension under 8W low-pressure mercury vapor lamp irradiation by using Semiconductor metal oxide nano particles. Here we also report the optimization of various experimental parameters such as effect of catalyst concentration, effect of substrate concentration, effect of addition of H2O2. The obtained results show that the employment of UV/P-25TiO2/ZnO2/H2O2 process and selection of optional operational parameters lead to complete decolorization and substantial mineralization of Navy blue HE2R 1 (NB) dye which is supported by showing decreases in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of the dye solution.

For a human vision system performing the process of face detection is an easy task compared to an intelligent machine. This paper contains a system for human Face detection by combining various skin color models. It’s an amalgamation of three diverse skin color models specifically the RGB, YCbCr and HSV. A hybrid Skin color model has been proposed for varying illumination conditions. The main objective for using is to overcome the problem of illumination conditions availability in an arbitrary image. Skin detection can be defined as the process of finding skin-colored pixels and regions in a given image. Skin detectors classically transform a given pixel into an appropriate color space and the classification is used to label whether it is a skin or non-skin pixel. The extraction of skin region is carried out using a set of bounding rules based on skin color distribution. Later the segmented face regions are classified using combination of morphological operations. Experimental results on the benchmark face databases such as FERET and the acquired images showed that the proposed model is able to achieve an accurate detection for near-frontal face orientation and skin color.

— Solar flat plate collector is a solar thermal device which is use to raise the temperature of any fluid up to 1000C. Generally a large number of arrays of circular cross sectional tube are attached to the absorber tube to transfer of heat from absorber tube to working fluid. When using semi circular type tube blow the absorber plate, the area of intimate contact is increases between fluid and absorber plate and also resistance due to adhesive is decreases. Due to this reason performance of solar flat plate collector is increased.

As computers become more pervasive in society, facilitating natural human–computer interaction (HCI) will have a positive impact on their use. Hence, there has been growing interest in the development of new approaches and technologies for bridging the human–computer barrier. The ultimate aim is to bring HCI to a regime where interactions with computers will be as natural as an interaction between humans, and to this end, incorporating gestures in HCI is an important research area. Gestures have long been considered as an interaction technique that can potentially deliver more natural, creative and intuitive methods for communicating with our computers. The use of hand gestures as a natural interface serves as a motivating force for research in gesture taxonomies. Gesture recognition is done in three main phases i.e. detection, tracking and recognition. The main goal of this study is to provide researchers in the field of gesture based HCI with a summary of progress achieved to date and to help identify areas where further research is needed.

This paper presents a novel method to send SMS through mobile at the remote host on a mobile service as well for internet host. The method is based on the reliability of the software en-corporate. The system uses a specified code, which is being used to access a data base system. The data residing the code will be immediately resend to the user regarding which the request had been send. The utility of the work enhances from the educational system to the various business unit. The software is being created in the J2ME.

The various methodology used for failure analysis of the shaft used in different application by various authors are reviewed in this paper. This paper presents the comparison of the different methodology used, their application and limitation by various authors. The objective of present work is to study the various methodologies used for the shaft failure analysis and to choose best methodology suitable for the failure analysis of shaft used in gear box which is mounted on the overhead crane to prevent repetitive failure. Shaft failure leads to heavy loss due to stoppage and repairing cost associate with the breakdown.

- Fluidized bed Heat exchangers are important inmany industrial applications. Understanding how a fluidized bed as a multiphase flow system operates will improve its capabilities and operations. Minimum fluidization velocity and local gas holdup are important parameters used to characterize the hydrodynamic behavior of a material inside the fluidized bed. Fluidization is the phenomenon of imparting the properties of a fluid to a bed of particulate solids by passing atmospheric air through the material. Fluidized beds are reactors in which fluidization of particulate solids takes place. Fluidized beds are an important asset in many industrial processes because they present several advantages that include a high rate of heat and mass transfer, low pressure drops, and uniform temperature distribution. Experiments have been carried out in a setup i.e. in a fluidized bed heat exchanger, to find out the Heat transfer coefficient between different silica sand particles and in different velocities of air. The whole sand bed is heated by cartage heater. An experiment is performed with three different sand particles with different diameter and ten different gas velocities. The bed particles are chosen by taking Geldart’s criteria. Silica sand particles are of diameter 300-450μm, 425-650μm and 600-850μm. Fluidization is carried out by using air having normal temperature. It was found in literature survey that Higher rate of heat transfer is obtained by increasing the flow rate and by decreasing the size of the particle. The experimental results showed that the Heat transfer coefficient is increased with increasing the air velocity. It is also found that the Heat transfer decrease by increasing the particle size for Geldart B group particles.

Forward converter is one of the most studied topologies due to its lower ripple, lower parts count and hence high reliability. Owing to the need of miniaturization of Inertial Navigation System, a mini power module had to be developed for which forward converter topology was selected. A configuration of grouping the outputs into HMCS was attempted. The converter for DTG servo power amplifier had to supply the current demanded by the sensor electronics which is dynamic. Interleaved forward converter provides a better solution to satisfy the increased power and dynamic load conditions. As an added advantage, though one portion gets faulty, the other portion can provide half the maximum load, giving continuous power. The paper discusses the benefits of interleaving in the converter supplying the servo power amplifier experiencing dynamic load conditions and simulations for both single and interleaved converter design validation.

This paper aims at describing the design of a computer numeric control drilling machine. The said machine is designed with a view to keep the cost of the machine at minimum, hence making is suitable for use in small or medium scale industries. Along with the design of the mechanical components, the electronics and the software has also been designed. The said machine has also been fabricated and successfully tested.

AP, STEMI and NSTEMI are the main categories of acute coronary syndrome which causes damage to the coronaries and make the patients prone to high risk of death. Several studies with different technologies have been made in diagnosis and treatment of the events, which includes association rules, logistic regression, fuzzy modeling, and neural network, CART, ID3. The existing techniques are confined to small datasets that are specific to one particular disease and this knowledge mined is not indispensible for classification of risk factors for the events. The implemented methodology uses C4.5 and C5.0 decision tree algorithm for identification of related risk factors by constructing two different decision trees for the events that includes Angina Pectoris, St-elevation Myocardial Infarction and Non-St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction based on attribute selection measure that includes Information Gain, Gain Ratio. Using performance measures, correctly classified values have been found for both the algorithms and accuracy is calculated. The implemented methodologies, C4.5 and C5.0 decision tree algorithm gives high classification accuracy of 86 % and 89.3% compared to the aforementioned existing techniques. Rule based classification technique provides a therapy selection for the events diagnosed, based on the vascular age, which aids the patients in reducing their risk levels and doctors to treat the patient with required therapy instead of angioplasty.

The growth of technology is increasing day by day to fulfill needs of the humans. The proposed system is implemented to make human work easier. Anti-Vehicle Theft Using Number Plate Recognition in Cloud is an image processing technology with cloud computing environment which uses number plate to identify the theft vehicle. The objective is to design an efficient automatic theft vehicle identification system by using the vehicle number plate. The system is implemented on the public places like check post, toll gate and police checking. The proposed algorithm consists of four major parts: Vehicle identification,Extraction of number plate region, Recognition of plate characters and compare with cloud database.Moving object detecting algorithm is used for vehicle identification. For extracting the number plate Smearing algorithm and segmentation are used. The characters and numbers are recognized by using OCR technique. The extraction result is then used to compare with the database so as to come up with the specific information like the Vehicle’s owner name and address, place of registration, vehicle’s number and RC book details. The developed project is going to be implemented and simulated in Mat lab, and its performance is testing on a real image.

– Image deblurring and denoising are the fundamental problems generally arise in the field of image processing with several applications. This paper presents both areas of image restoration. Image deblurring and denoising methods are most commonly designed for removal of both impulsive noise and Gaussian noise. Impulsive noise is a most common noise which affects the image quality during image acquisition, transmission, reception or storage and retrieval process in the area of image denoising. Impulsive noise can be categories into two i.e., Salt and Pepper Noise and Random Valued Impulsive Noise. Image deblurring methods are most commonly designed for Gaussian noise. The proposed work concentrates on removal of both Impulsive noise and Gaussian noise from images. Removal of impulsive noise is carried out using a non-linear filter that involves two phases, i.e. detecting the noise and also followed by filtering. Hence we proposed an efficient filter method for suppressing the noise in an image. The numerical results will confirm that proposed methods yields the better performance, in the terms of PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio).

Antibiotics are organic substance which check the the growth of fungus . During the study for the influence of antibiotic on the growth of fungi -10 gms of each antibiotics were added to 50 ml of Sabourd dextrose (SD ) liquid media . Later on they inoculated with fungus and incubated at 25±1°c for 15 days .After 15 days grown fungal were measured .

An intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity which observes through sensors and acts upon an environment using actuators (i.e. it is an agent) and directs its activity towards achieving goals. Intelligent agents are often described schematically as an abstract functional system similar to a computer program. For this reason, intelligent agents are sometimes called abstract intelligent agents (AIA).