Generation of Alternative Process Plans using TLBO Algorithm |
Author : Sreenivasulu Reddy. A1, Sreenath K1, Abdul Shafi M1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)system is an important production activity in the manufacturing industry to generate process plans that contains the required information of machining operations, machining parameters (speeds, feeds and depth of cuts), machine tools, setups, cutting tools and accessories for producing a part as per given part drawing. In this context, to generate the optimum process plans, one of the AI based meta heuristic algorithm is used i.e., Teaching–Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) to solve the process planning problem to minimize operation sequence cost and machining time based on the natural phenomenon of teaching–learning process like in the class room. |
|
Comparative Analysis of Improved Domino Logic Based Techniques for VLSI Circuits |
Author : Shilpa Kamde1, Dr. Saanjay Badjate2, Pratik Hajare1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : In modern VLSI design, Domino logic based design technique is widely used and in which power ignites the speed of circuit. The Dynamic (Domino) logic circuit are often favored in high performance designs because of the high speed and low area advantage. But in integrated circuits, the power consumed by clocking gradually takes a dominant part, and therefore our research work in this paper is mainly focused on to study the comparative performance of various domino logic based techniques proposed recently in last decade viz. basic logic domino technique, domino with keeper, high speed leakage tolerant domino, low swing domino logic and domino logic with variable threshold voltage keeper, sleep switch dual threshold voltage domino. This work evaluates the performance of the different domino techniques in terms of delay, power and their product on BSIM4 model using Agilent Advanced Design System tool. The domino techniques compared in this work were found to have optimized area, power, delay and hence better power delay product (PDP) as compared with standard domino. The main focus of this research work is to find the best possible trade off that would optimize multiple goals viz. area, power, speed and noise immunity at the same time to meet the multi-objective goal for our future research work. |
|
A Review on: Comparision and Analysus of Edge Detection Techniques |
Author : Parminder Kaur1, Ravi Kant2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The author has tried to compare the different edge detection techniques on real images in the presence of noise and then calculating the signal to noise ratio. Edge detection is a tool which is used in shape, colour, contrast detection, image segmentation and scene analysis etc. Edge detection of Image which provides the information related to the intensity changes at a point of an image. In this paper the comparison of various edge detection techniques and the visual performance analysis of the various techniques in noisy conditions is performed by using the different methods such as, Canny, LoG (Laplacian of Gaussian), Robert, Prewitt, Sobel, Laplacian and wavelet. These methods exhibit the different performance under such conditions respectively. |
|
Design of Universal Shift Register Using Pulse Triggered Flip Flop |
Author : Indhumathi.R1, Arunya.R2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :– Universal shift registers, as all other types of registers, are used in computers as memory elements. Flip-flops are an inherent building block in Universal shift registers design. In order to achieve Universal shift registers, that is both high performances while also being power efficient, careful attention must be paid to the design of flip flops. Several fast low power flip flops, called pulse triggered flip flop (PTFF), design is analyzed and designed the universal shift registers.. The paper presents a modified design for explicit pulse triggered Flip-flop with reduced transistor count for low power and high performance applications. HSPICE simulation results of Shift Register at a frequency of 1GHz indicate improvement in power-delay product with respect to the Existing pulse triggered flip flop configurations using CMOS technology. |
|
Low Power Test Pattern Generation in BIST Schemes |
Author : Yasodharan S1, Swamynathan S M2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :BIST is a viable approach to test today's digital systems. During self-test, the switching activity of the Circuit Under Test (CUT) is significantly increased compared to normal operation and leads to an increased power consumption which often exceeds specified limits. The proposed method generates Multiple Single Input Change (MSIC) vectors in a pattern. The each generated vectors are applied to a scan chain is an SIC vector. A class of minimum transition sequences is generated by the use of a reconfigurable Johnson counter and a scalable SIC counter. The proposed TPG method is flexible to both the test-per-scan schemes and the test-per-clock. A theory is also developed to represent and analyze the sequences and to extract a class of MSIC sequences. The proposed BIST TPG decreases transitions that occur at scan inputs during scan shift operations and hence reduces switching activity in the CUT. As the switching activity is reduced, the power consumption of the circuit will also be reduced. |
|
Wireless Sensor Network Protocol Implementation by Using Hybrid Technology |
Author : Rupesh Raut1, Prof. Nilesh Bodne2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A multi hop wireless sensor network is composed of large number of nodes and consecutive link between them. Wireless sensor network normally consist of large number of distributed nodes. In WSN one of the main problems is related to power issue because every node is operated by external battery. To have a large network life time all nodes need to minimize their power consumption. Node is composed of small battery so energy associated with this is very less so replacing or refilling of battery is not possible which is very costly. Hence some technique are applied through which power associated with each node can be conserved. In this paper we proposed design for implementation of wireless sensor network protocol for low power consumption by using power gating signal. |
|
Review Paper on Leak Detection |
Author : .B.Kakuste1, U.B.Bhujbal1, S.V.Devkar1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The word “leak” and “leakage” appears in the field of vessels hermetical closing and do not confront only with vacuum technologies but also engineering working with high pressure. Practically it is impossible to build a completely leak proof vacuum system. There are multiple of applications in the industry, where it is necessary to test a hollow fabricated body for fluid leakage.Number of leak testing method has been proposed for testing of hollow components.This paper gives a review of various methods of leak detection of vacuum system. |
|
Fuzzy logic power Control for Zigbee Cognitive Radio |
Author : P.Vijayakumar1, Sai Keerthi Varikuti1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : - Spectrum sharing without interfering to the primary users is one of the challenging issue in cognitive networks, at the same time power control is one of the feasible solution for spectrum sharing without disturbing the primary user to achieve required performance at cognitive radio. In this paper one Zigbee is configured as primary user and another Zigbee as secondary user which together forms a cognitive network. Here the implementation of the designed setup is carried out by analyzing signal strength , transmit power level assignment and routing algorithm on specific transceiver model of IEEE 802.15.4/Zigbee on Arduino board which leads to better performance of cognitive radio to access spectrum. |
|
Effects of Compression Ratio on Performance of a Single Cylinder 4-Stroke Compression Ignition Engine using Blends of Neat Karanja Oil with Diesel in Dual Fuel Mode |
Author : N.H.S.Ray 1, S.N.Behera 1 ,M.K.Mohanty2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The diesel engine is a major tool in the day-to-day life of modern society. The fossil fuel scarcity and pollutant emissions from diesel engines have become two important problems of the world today. One method to overcome the crisis is to find suitable substitute for the petroleum based fuels. Biofuels have been gaining popularity recently as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Biofuels can be used in any diesel engine, usually without any modifications. In India million tonnes non edible seeds like Karanja seeds are going in waste. Oil produced from these seeds can be used as an alternate fuel in diesel engines. The overall objective is to prevent waste, increase the value recovery of resource as bio fuel and to meet fossil fuel scarcity. As compared to diesel fuel biodiesel from Karanja oil has the advantages as it is renewable, non-toxic, reduces CO, HC and smoke emission from the engine. It is used CI engine by blending with diesel or it can also be directly used in the engine without any engine modification. In the present study, the effects of compression ratio on the performance of a four stroke single cylinder diesel engine using Karanja oil in dual fuel mode are investigated. |
|
Comparison of Forced convective heat transfer coefficient between solid pin fin and perforated pin fin |
Author : Anusaya Salwe1, Ashwin U. Bhagat1, Mohitkumar G.Gabhane1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The rapid growth in high speed multi-functional miniaturized electronics demands more stringent thermal management. The present work numerically investigates the use of perforated pin fins to enhance the rate of heat transfer. In particular, the numbers of horizontal perforations, horizontal diameters of perforation on each pin-fin are studied. Results show that heat transfer in perforated pin fin is greater than solid pin fin. Pressure drop with perforated pins is reduced as compared with that in solid fins and more surface area get available which enhance the convective heat transfer. |
|
Environmental Monitoring and Controlling Various Parameters in a Closed Loop |
Author : R Vijayarani1, S. Praveen Kumar1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A smart temperature monitoring and controlling has been implemented with the use of standard technology, which actively monitor the environmental conditions. The system allows for a user to input the desired conditions regarding the surrounding atmosphere`s temperature requirements. This paper incorporates design and development of monitoring the temperature and controlling it. The objective of the project is to develop a system, which demonstrates intelligent monitoring and controlling system This system uses ZigBee technology for communication. A temperature effect on devices and heavy machines is a major concern for many in the industrial and domestic applications. In such applications monitoring temperature and controlling it through some external solutions like coolants and heaters is done. In order to overcome these problems many industries and domestic users have been implementing many solutions. The project consists of two modules. One is the parameter monitoring and the other one is the parameter controlling. Monitoring and controlling physical parameters like temperature is of outmost importance. A temperature sensor LM35 will be used for the purpose of measuring temperature. By our project we are demonstrating a cost effective, user friendly system. ZigBee offers many advantages like Low cost, Range and obstruction issues avoidance, Multi-source products, Low power consumption and a huge network of more than 64,000 devices can be connected. It offers secured environment for communication. A main target for this system is to have it designed and implemented as cost efficient as possible. |
|
Innovation with TRIZ |
Author : N.U.Kakde 1, D B Meshram 1 ,G R Jodh1,A.S.Puttewar1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : Today, evolution of science and technology has reached tremendous rate. Major breakthroughs in sciences, technology, medicine, and engineering make our everyday life more and more comfortable. Today it is nearly impossible to find an engineer who does not use complex mathematical tools for formal modeling of design products, CAD systems for drawings, electronic handbooks and libraries, and the Internet to find necessary data, information, and knowledge. But what happens when we need to invent a radically new solution? To generate a new idea? To solve a problem when no known problem solving methods provide results? What tools and methods do we have to cope with these situations? It happens that when it comes to producing new ideas, we still rely heavily on thousands-years-old trials and errors method. It is good when a new brilliant and feasible idea is born quickly. But what price we have to pay for it most of the time? Waste of time, money and human resources. Can we afford this today, when competition is accelerating every day and capability to innovate becomes a crucial factor of survival? Certainly, not. But if there is anything that can help? Fortunately, the answer is “yes”. To considerably improve innovative process and avoid costly trials and errors, leading innovators use TRIZ, a scientifically-based methodology for innovation. Relatively little known outside the former Soviet Union before the 90th, it rapidly gained popularity at world-leading corporations and organizations, among which are DSM, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Motorola, NASA, Procter & Gamble, Philips, Samsung, Siemens, Unilever, just to name a few. This article presents a brief overview of TRIZ and some its techniques with focus on technological applications of TRIZ. |
|
Fabrication and Analysis of Tube-In-Tube Helical Coil Heat Exchanger |
Author : Mrunal P.Kshirsagar1, Trupti J. Kansara1, Swapnil M. Aher1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :– Conventional heat exchangers are large in size and heat transfer rate is also less and in conventional heat exchanger dead zone is produce which reduces the heat transfer rate and to create turbulence in conventional heat exchanger some external means is required and the fluid in conventional heat exchanger is not in continuous motion with each other. Tube in tube helical coil heat exchanger provides a compact shape with its geometry offering more fluid contact and eliminating the dead zone, increasing the turbulence and hence the heat transfer rate. An experimental setup is fabricated for the estimation of the heat transfer characteristics. A wire is wounded in the core to increase the turbulence in turn increases the heat transfer rate. The paper deals with the pitch variation of the internal wounded wire and its result on the heat transfer rate. The Reynolds number and Dean number in the annulus was compared to the numerical data. The experimental result was compared with the analytical result which confirmed the validation. This heat exchanger finds its application mostly in food industries and waste heat recovery. |
|
Analysis and Design of Low Voltage Low Power Dynamic Comparator with Reduced Delay and Power |
Author : Dinabandhu nath Mandal1,, Niladri Prasad Mohapatra1, Rajendra Prasad3 ,Ambika Singh1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :High speed devices such as ADC, operational amplifier are of great importance and for this high speed application a major thrust is given towards low power methodologies. Reduction of power consumption in these device can be achieved by moving towards smaller feature size processes. Now ADC requires lesser power dissipation, low noise, better slew rate ,high speed etc. Dynamic comparator are being used in today's A/D converters extensively because these comparator are high speed ,consumes lesser power dissipation ,having zero static power consumption and provide full-swing digital level output voltage in shorter time duration. Back to back inverter in these dynamic comparator provides positive feedback mechanism which convert a smaller voltage difference in full scale digital level output. A pre-amplifier based comparator can amplify a small input voltage difference to a large enough voltage to overcome the latch offset voltage and also can reduce the kickback noise. However the pre-amplifier based comparator suffer large static power consumption as well as from the reduced intrinsic gain with the reduction of the drain to source resistance due to continuous technology scaling. In this paper a delay analysis has been presented for different dynamic comparators and finally a proposed designed has been given where delay has been reduced 264Ps and average power dissipation has been reduced to 1.09µw.The above design has been simulated in 180nm technology with a supply voltage of 0.8v |
|
Developments in Wall Climbing Robots: A Review |
Author : Raju D.Dethe1,Dr. S.B. Jaju2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The purpose of wall climbing robots is climbing mainly on the vertical surfaces like that of walls. The robots are required to have high, maneuverability and robust & efficient attachment and detachment. The robot can automate tasks which are done manually with an extra degreed of human safety in a cost effective manner. The robot can move in all the four directions forward, backward, left and right. The other locomotion capabilities include linear movement, turning movement, lateral movement, rotating and rolling movement. Apart from the reliable attachment principal the robot should have low self weight and high payload capacity. The design and control of robot should be such that it can be operated from any place. A wireless communication link is used for high performance robotic system. Regarding the adhesion to the surface the robots should be able to produce secure griping force. The robots should adopt to different surface environlments from steel, glass, ceramic, wood, concrete etc. with low energy consumption and cost. This paper presents a survey of different proposed and adopted climbing robots developed on the recent technologies to fulfill the objective |
|
Detection and Recognition of Mixed Traffic for Driver Assistance System |
Author : Pradnya Meshram 1, Prof. S.S. Wankhede2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- Driver-assistance systems that monitor driver intent, warn drivers or assist in vehicle guidance are all being actively considered. This paper present computer vision system designed for recognizing road boundary and a number of objects of interest including vehicles, pedestrians, motorcycles and bicycles. The system is designed using Hough transform and Kalman filters to improve the accuracy as well as robustness of the road environment recognition. A Kalman filter object can be configured for each physical object for multiple object tracking. To use the Kalman filter, the moving object must be track. The results are then used as the road contextual information for the following procedure, in which, particular objects of interest, including vehicles, pedestrians, motorcycles and bicycles, are recognized by using a multi-class object detector. The results in various typical but challenging scenarios show the effectiveness of the system. |
|
Low Power Design of Pre Computation-Based Content-Addressable Memory |
Author : SK.Khamuruddeen1, S.V.Devika1, V Rajath2, Vidhan Vikram Varma2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Content-addressable memory (CAM) is a special type of computer Memory used in certain very high speed searching applications. It is also known as associative memory, associative storage, or associative array. Content-addressable memory (CAM) is frequently used in applications, such as lookup tables, databases, associative computing, and networking, that require high-speed searches due to its ability to improve application performance by using parallel comparison to reduce search time. Although the use of parallel comparison results in reduced search time, it also significantly increases power consumption. In this paper, we propose a Block-XOR approach to improve the efficiency of low power pre computation- based CAM (PB-CAM). Compared with the ones-count PB-CAM system, the experimental results show that our proposed approach can achieve on average 30% in power reduction and 32% in power performance reduction. The major contribution of this paper is that it presents practical proofs to verify that our proposed Block-XOR PB-CAM system can achieve greater power reduction without the need for a special CAM cell design. This implies that our approach is more flexible and adaptive for general designs. |
|
Design and Verification of Nine port Network Router |
Author : G. Sri Lakshmi1, A Ganga Mani2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : The focus of this Paper is the design of Network Router and verifies the functionality of the eight port router for network on chip using verilog qualifies the Design for Synthesis and implementation. This Design consists of Registers, FSM and FIFO’s. This Router design contains Eight output ports and one input port, it is packet based Protocol. Router drives the incoming packet which comes from the input port to output ports based on the address contained in the packet.. The router has an active low synchronous input resetn which resets the router. Thus the idea is borrowed from large scale multiprocessors and wide area network domain and envisions on chip routers based network. This helps to understand how router is controlling the signals from source to destination based on the header adders. |
|
Design & Implementation of ANFIS System for Hand Gesture to Devanagari Conversion |
Author : Pranali K Misal 1, ProfM.M. Pathan2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- Sign language mainly uses hand gesture for communicate between vocal and hearing impaired people and normal people. It is also used to share message. This research work presents a simple sign language recognition system that develops using ANFIS & neural network. Devanagari language is one of the most used for writing. The system works uses functions like skin color detection, convex hull, contour detection and identification of extrema points on the hand. This is technology which is convert image from video acquisition into Devanagari Spoken language. The database of all alphabets is created first then after feature extraction of all images. The features calculated first then from centroids values trained Neural network. The Algorithms for training neural network is linear vector Quantization. The feature extraction point trained in neural network after that from a new recognizes hand gesture and translate sign language into Devanagari alphabets. The system architecture contains video acquisition, image processing, feature extraction & neural network classifier. This system is used to recognize more alphabets which can sign with one and two hands movement. This system useful to identify the gesture after that sign translating Devanagari language. This project aims to develop and test a new method for recognition of Devanagari sign language. To do so preprocessing, contour & convex based feature extraction is done. The method is evaluated on database and proves to be superior than rule based methods. To identify Devanagari alphabets of sign language, in an image morphological operation and skin color detection is performed. A MATLAB implementation of the complete algorithm is developed and conversion of sign language into Devanagari spoken language with the better accuracy. |
|
A Novel Blind Hybrid SVD and DCT Based Watermarking Schemes |
Author : Samiksha Soni1, Manisha Sharma1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In recent years SVD has gained wide importance in the field of digital watermarking. In this paper the fundamental of SVD and quantization based watermarking algorithm is discussed and a modified hybrid algorithm is proposed. In this work cascade combination of DCT and SVD is applied to design a robust watermarking system. This work exploits the features of both DCT and SVD. We implemented the same algorithm in three variants where these variation lies in the embedding procedure of watermark bit ‘1’. Simulation result shows that minor change in embedding formula has significant impact on robustness of the system. To check the robustness of the proposed work it is subjected to variety of attacks and robustness is measured in terms of normalized correlation and bit error rate. |
|
Performance Evaluation of Guarded Static CMOS Logic based Arithmetic and Logic Unit Design |
Author : FelcyJeba Malar.M1, Ravi T2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Real World applications tend to utilize the improved low power processes to reduce power dissipation and to improve the device efficiency. With regards to this unique aspect, optimization techniques help in reducing down the parameters like power and area which are of a major concern. The commonly found arithmetic and logic unit in every processor is likely to consume more power for its internal operations. This power consumed can be reduced using the low power optimization techniques. With reference to the above issue, in this paper an efficient Arithmetic and Logic unit is designed with a modified static CMOS logic design. This modified logic is found to be more efficient than the existing logic in terms of many parameters like average power and power delay product. This way the modified architecture of arithmetic and logic unit in different CMOS technologies performs the processing with high speed. |
|
Morphological & Dynamic Feature Based Heartbeat Classification |
Author : N P. Joshi\1,Shweta A.Tambe1, P.S. Topannavar1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : In this paper, a new approach for heartbeat classification is proposed. The system uses the combination of morphological and dynamic features of ECG signal. Morphological features extracted using Wavelet transform and independent component analysis (ICA). Each heartbeat undergoes both the techniques separately. The dynamic features extracted are RR interval features. Support vector machine is used as a classifier, after concatenating the results of both the feature extraction techniques, to classify the heartbeat signals into 16 classes. Whole process is applied to both the lead signals and then the classifier results are fused to make final decision about the classification. The overall accuracy in classifying the signals from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database should be 99% in “class-oriented” evaluation and an accuracy more than 86% in the “subject-oriented” evaluation. |
|
A Comparative Study on Feature Extraction Techniques for Language Identification |
Author : Varsha Singh1, Vinay Kumar Jain2, Dr. Neeta Tripathi3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This paper presents a brief survey of feature extraction techniques used in language identification (LID) system. The objective of the language identification system is to automatically identify the specific language from a spoken utterance. Also the LID system must perform quickly and accurately. To fulfill this criteria the extraction of the features of acoustic signals is an important task because LID mainly depends on the language-specific characteristics. The efficiency of this feature extraction phase is important since it strongly affects the performance and quality of the system. There are different features which are used in LID are cepstral coefficients, MFCC, PLP, RASTA-PLP, etc |
|
Socio-technical Interactions in OSS Development |
Author : Jasveen Kaur1, Amandeep Kaur1, Prabhjot Kaur1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : This study is going to provide directions to open source practitioners to better organize their projects to achieve greater performance. In this research, we try to understand socio-technical interactions in a system development context by examining the joint effect of developer team structure and open source software architecture on OSS development performance. We hypothesize that developer team structure and software architecture significantly moderate each other’s effect on OSS development performance. Empirical evidence supports our hypotheses and suggests that Larger teams tend to produce more favorable project performance when the project being developed has a high level of structural interdependency while projects with a low level of structural interdependency require smaller teams in order to achieve better project performance. Moreover, centralized teams tend to have a positive impact on project performance when the OSS project has a high level of structural interdependency. However, when a project has a low level of structural interdependency, centralized teams can impair project performance. |
|
Design and Testing of Solar Powered Stirling Engine |
Author : Alok kumar1, Dinesh Kumar1,Ritesh Kumar1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This report presentsdifferent components and its various configurations along with the feasibility of using solar energy as a potential source of heat for deriving a stirling engine. In addition to this it contains the design details of various parts of stirling engine and details of materials used.Engine parts being of mild steel, aluminium and cast iron so turning, facing, grinding, cutting, threading, tapping operations were used in the fabrication of stirling engine. There is design calculation of different components of stirling engine and parabolic dish as hot cylinder calculations, hot (Displacer) piston calculations, cold cylinder calculations, cold piston calculations, connecting rod calculations, calculations of flywheel, parabolic dish calculations is performed. |
|
Single Phase d-q Transformation using as indirect Control Method for Shunt Active Power Filter |
Author : Sachi Sharma1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— A single-phase shunt active power filter is used mainly for the elimination of harmonics in single-phase AC networks. In this paper a single-phase shunt active power filter based on, an indirect control technique is designed and simulated. This control technique is achieved by phase shifting the input signal(voltage/current) by π/2.The overall action of the shunt active power filter to eliminate the harmonics created by a non-linear load on the source side is discussed in this paper and the output of the shunt active power filter is verified using MATLAB/Simulink software. |
|
Steganography & Biometric Security Based Online Voting System |
Author : Shweta A.Tambe1, Nikita P. Joshi\1, P.S. Topannavar1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Online voting system that helps to manage elections easily and securely. With the help of steganography one can try to provide a biometric as well as password security to the voters account. The system will make a conclusion whether the voter is correct person or not. System uses voters fingerprint image as cover image and embed voter’s secret data into the image using steganography. This method produces a stego image which is equal to the original fingerprint image only. On the whole there are changes in the original fingerprint image & stego image but they are not visible by human eye. |
|
A New Technique for Protecting Confidential information Using Watermarking |
Author : Gayathri.M1,Pushpalatha.R1, Yuvaraja.T2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A new approach of image watermarking based on RSA encryption technique for the lossless medical images has been proposed. This paper presents a strategy of attaining maximum embedding capacity in an image in a way that to determine the amount of information to be added in each pixel, maximum possible neighboring pixels are analyzed for their frequencies. The technique provides a seamless insertion of image into carrier video, and reduces the error assessment and artifacts insertion required to a minimal. Two or more bits in each pixel can be used to embed message, which has high risk of delectability and image degradation to increase the embedding capacity. The RSA techniques might use a significant bit insertion scheme, the bits of data added in each pixel remains constant or a variable least significant bit insertion in which the number of bits added in each pixel vary on the surrounding pixels to avoid degrading the image fidelity. |
|
Comparative Study on Hemispherical Solar Still with Black Ink Added |
Author : Ajayraj S Solanki1,Umang R Soni2, Palak Patel1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Water is the basic need for man to sustaining life on the earth. With the passage of time due to technical usage and their waste disposal along with ignorance of human being caused water pollution, which led the world towards water scarcity. To resolve this problem Solar Distillation is one of the best Techniques from available another techniques. But, due to its lower productivity it cannot be commercial in the market. So that Lots of work can be done to improve the solar still efficiency or productivity. This experimental has been carried out to measure the effect of black ink on the hemispherical solar still. With different water depth and constant proportion of ink in the water and with same depth of water increasing the proportion of ink in the water has been compared to the simple hemispherical solar still. From this experimental study, it has been observed that the productivity of hemispherical solar still increased with decreasing the water depth. The productivity of hemispherical solar still has been increased with 1.25% black ink added up to 17% to 20%, and for 2% black ink added it increased up to 25%. |
|
First Record on Serological Study of Anaplasma marginale Infection in Ovis aries by ELISA, in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
Author : Muhammad Kashif1, Munawar Saleem Ahmad1, Iftikhar Fareed2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Geographical sero-prevalence of Anaplasma marginale (T) in sheep, Ovis aries (L) was done from January-May, 2012 in district Peshawar which is a crowded area of Pakistan. In this area sheep’s infection with A. marginale is not reported before. For this purpose, 376 serum samples were obtained conveniently from 4 different breeds of sheep, from different geographical areas of Peshawar. An indirect ELISA using recombinant MSP-5 as antigen of A. marginale, was performed. Totally, 92/376 (24.47%) of the overall sheep sera were positive. In 6 areas of Peshawar, Peshthakhara and Mashokhel area were found highly infected i.e. 32.00% and 32.00% respectively, while Ghazi baba area was less infected comparatively. While age wise, adults were highly infected specially turkai ones. This is the first record of A. marginale showing high rate infection in sheep in Peshawar, Pakistan, This research should be useful in epidemiological applications. |
|
Design of Substrat Integerated Waveguide Bandpass Filter of SCRRs in the Microstrip Line |
Author : DAMOU Mehdi1,2, NOURI keltouma1,2, Taybe Habib Chawki BOUAZZA1, Meghnia.Feham2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In this paper A novel band-pass Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) filter based on complementary Split ring Resonators (CSRRs) is presented in this work.a X-band wideband bandpass filter based on a novel substrate integrated waveguide-to- Complementary split ring resonators (SIW-CSSRs) cell is presented. In the cell, the (CSRRs) is etched on the top plane of the SIW with high accuracy, so that the performance of the filter can be kept as good as possible. Finally, the filter, consisting of three cascaded cells, is designed meet compact size, Three different CSRRs cells are etched in the top plane of the SIW for transmission zero control. A demonstration band-pass filter is designed, It agreed with the simulated results well. This structure is designed with Numeric Method (MOM) using CST on a single substrate of RT/Duroid 5880. Simulated results are presented and discussed.. |
|
Performance Evaluation of Adders using LP-HS Logic in CMOS Technologies |
Author : Linet K1, Umarani P1, T.Ravi1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This paper presents a modified approach for constant delay logic style named LP-HS logic. Constant delay logic style is examined against the LP-HS logic, by analysis through simulation. It is shown that the proposed LP-HS logic has low power, delay and power delay product over the existing constant delay logic style.Adders is one of the fundamental operations for any digital system. In this paper an 8 bit Ripple Carry Adder and 8 bit Carry Select Adder is analysed using both CD logic and LP-HS logic. The simulations were done using HSPICE tool in 45nm, 32nm, 22nm and 16nm CMOS technologies and performance parameters of power, delay and power delay product were compared. The adders using LP-HS logic is better in terms of power, delay and power delay product when compared to constant delay logic style. |
|
Design of Reconfigurable FFT/IFFT for Wireless Application |
Author : Preeti Mankar1, L.P.Thakare1, A.Y.Deshmukh1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : -— Communication is one of the important aspects of life. The field of communication has seen a fast growth with the advancement in age and with growing demands. Digital domain is now being used for the transfer of signals in place of analog domain. Single – carrier waves are being replaced by multi – carriers for the purpose of better transmission. Multi – carrier systems like CDMA and OFDM are now – a – days being implemented commonly. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation format has been proposed for variety of digital communications applications such as DVB-T and for wideband wireless communication systems. OFDM requires the use of FFT & IFFT for conversion of signal from time domain to frequency domain and vice versa respectively. For number of applications the number of FFT/IFFT required changes and so there comes the concept of reconfiguration. This concept of reconfiguration may be used for making the system applicable for various specifications. This paper discuss about the concept of use of reconfigurable FFT in wireless systems to reduce the complexity, cost and power consumption of the system. |
|
A Review on Multi Sensor Image Fusion Techniques |
Author : Priyanka Chaudhari1, Prof.M.B.Chaudhari2, Prof. S.D.Panchal2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : Most Earth observational satellites are not able to acquire high spatial and spectral resolution data simultaneously because of design or observational constraints. To overcome such limitations, image fusion techniques are use. Image fusion is process combine different satellite images on a pixel by pixel basis to produce fused images of higher value. The value adding is meant in terms of information extraction capability, reliability and increased accuracy. The objective of this paper is to describe basics of image fusion, various pixel level mage fusion techniques for evaluating and assessing the performance of these fusion algorithms. |
|
Experimental and Numerical Study of Retrofitted RC Beams Using FRP |
Author : Dhanu M.N1, Revathy D1, Lijina Rasheed1,Shanavas S2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This paper deals with Experimental and Numerical study of retrofitted reinforced concrete beams using Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP). Retrofitting means modifying the existing structures to increase the resistance of the structures against seismic activity. The objective of the current study is to investigate the improvements in the structural behaviour of RC beams, while retrofitting using various types of FRP. The fibres used for the study were Glass fibres and Coir Fibres. Experimental tests were conducted on RC beams and RC beams retrofitted with various FRP such as GFRP and Coir FRP. For numerical study RC beams and RC beams retrofitted with GFRP were considered and ANSYS software was used to build a 3D model of the beams and to analyse the beam structure. The result shows that the RC beams retrofitted with Glass reinforced Polymer makes the structure more resistant to seismic activity. |
|
Assessment of labour Risk in High-Rise Building |
Author : R Kathiravan1, G.Ravichandran 1, Dr.S.Senthamil Kumar 2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : In the recent past the infrastructural development in India has been developing at a rapid rate. The infrastructural development plays a major role in the economic development of the country. There are several risks allied with the construction industry. Managing risks in construction projects has been recognized as a very important management process in order to achieve the project objectives in terms of time, cost, quality, safety and environmental sustainability. Project risk management has been intensively discussed in recent years. This paper aims to identify and analyze the risks associated with the development of construction projects from project stakeholder and life cycle perspectives in terms of human safety and its effect on time and cost. This can be done by calculating the productivity rate of the labors and also analyzing the organization needs from the work force. This research found that these risks are mainly related to contractors, labors who directly take part in the construction process. Among them, tight project schedule is recognized to have high influence on all project objectives maximally. In this study the survey has to be conducted with in various construction industries in Tamil Nadu and the opinion at various levels of management through the standard questionnaires are to be collected and the result are to be analyzed and aims at providing recommendations to overcome those risk mitigations. |
|
Review of a Digital Circuit Using Power Gating Techniques to Reduce Leakage Power |
Author : Priyanka Singhal1, Nidhi raghav2, Pallavi Bahl3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Power dissipation is kept in consideration while implementing a digital circuit, On the other hand the process of scaling is used to analyze the output of that circuit. The process of scaling has its own limitations as the leakage current can flow out of the circuit due to scaling. The power dissipated from the circuit can be increased by making use of leakage current. The Power gating techniques are used to compensate the leakage current flowing through the digital circuit. This paper consist the nanometer technology being used to get different results. The process discussed above can be implemented and simulated by making use of TANNER suit using s-edit and T-SPICE at 130nm. |
|
Improvement in performance of Chip-multiprocessor using Effective Dynamic Cache Compression Scheme |
Author : Poonam Aswani1, Prof B. Padmavathi1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) combine multiple cores on a single die, typically with private level-one caches and a shared level-two cache. The gap between processor and memory speed is alleviated primarily by using caches. However, the increasing number of cores on a single chip increases the demand on a critical resource: the shared L2 cache capacity. In this dissertation work , a lossless compression algorithm is introduced for fast data compression and ultimately CMP performance. Cache compression stores compressed lines in the cache, potentially increasing the effective cache size, reducing off-chip misses and improving performance. On the downside, decompression overhead can slow down cache hit latencies, possibly degrading performance. While compression can have a positive impact on CMP performance, practical implementations of compression raise a few concerns: Compression algorithms have high overhead to implement at the cache level. Decompression overhead can degrade performance . Generally compression algorithm are not effective in compressing small blocks. Hardware modification is required. In this dissertation work , we make contributions that address the above concerns. We propose a compressed L2 cache design based on an effective compression algorithm with a low decompression overhead. We developed dynamic cache compression scheme that dynamically adapts to the costs and benefits of cache compression, and employs compression only when it will enhance the performance. We show that cache compression improve CMP performance for different workloads. |
|
Performance Enhancement of 3 Φ IM Drive using Fuzzy Logic Based DTC Technique |
Author : K.Satheeshkumar1, P.Rajarajeswari2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : - This paper presents a direct flux and torque control (DTC) of three phase induction motor drive (IMD) using PI and fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) for speed regulator (SR) and low torque ripples. This control method is based on DTC operating principles. The DTC is one of the most excellent direct control strategies of stator flux and torque ripples of IMD. The key issue of the DTC is the strategy of selecting proper stator voltage vectors to force stator flux and developed torque within a prescribed band. Due to the nature of hysteresis control adopted in DTC, there is no difference in control action between a large torque error and a small one. This results in high torque ripple. It is better to divide the torque error into different intervals and give different control voltages for each of them. To deal with this issue a fuzzy logic controller has been introduced. The main drawback with the conventional DTC of IMD is high stator flux and torque ripples and the speed of IMD is reduced under transient and dynamic state of operating condition. This drawback is reduced by the proposed system, the speed is regulated by PI controller and torque is controlled by fuzzy logic controller. The amplitude of the reference stator flux is kept constant at rated value. The simulation results of proposed DTC shows the low stator flux linkage, torque ripples and good speed regulator than conventional DTC technique using MATLAB/SIMULINK. |
|
Simulation & Performance Parameters Analysis of Single- Phase Full Wave Controlled Converter using PSIM |
Author : Amit Solanki1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This Paper may be focused on power Electronics Converter Circuits modelling and Simulation and their analysis on the basis of some performing parameters. This paper deals with the analysis and Simulation of Single-phase full- wave ac to dc converter analysed on the basis of performing parameters and simulated with different types of loads. A Simulation Result, which includes a study of performance parameters like ,PF, FF, Vavg , Vrms, Iavg, ,Irms and Efficiency etc. agree with the theoretical results .the development of model is useful for computer aided analysis and design of full converter including firing circuits. A phase-controlled converter is an integral part of any power supply unit used in the all electronics equipments; also it is used as an interface between utility and most of the power electronics equipments. Single phase converters are also used to drive the induction motors. |
|
Photovoltaic Power injected to the Grid with Quasi Impedence Source Inverter |
Author : M. Gobi1, P. Selvan2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The Z-source inverter (ZSI) with battery operation can balance the stochastic fluctuations of photovoltaic (PV) power injected to the grid/load, but the existing topology has a power limitation due to the wide range of discontinuous conduction mode during battery discharge. This paper proposes a new topology of the energy stored ZSI to overcome this disadvantage. Two strategies are proposed with the related design principles to control the new energy stored ZSI when applied to the PV power system. They can control the inverter output power track the PV panel maximum power. The voltage boost, inversion, and energy storage are integrated in a single stage inverter. The obtained results verify the theoretical analysis and prove the effectiveness of the proposed control of the inverter’s input and output powers and battery power regardless of the charging or discharging condition. |
|
Optimization of Transmission Power in Ad Hoc Network |
Author : M.D. Boomija1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A mobile ad-hoc network is a infrastructure less, self-configuring network of mobile devices. Infrastructure less networks have no fixed router, all nodes are capable of movement and can be connected dynamically in an arbitrary manner. Nodes of these networks function as routers which discover and maintain routes to other nodes in the network. Each device in a mobile ad hoc network is free to move independently in all direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently. The primary challenge in building an ad hoc is equipping each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic. The Optimization of Mobile Ad Hoc Network System Design engine works by taking a specification of network requirements and objectives and allocates resources which satisfy the input constraints and maximize the communication performance objective. The tool is used to explore networking design options and challenges, including power control, flow control, mobility, uncertainty in channel models and cross-layer design. The project covers the case study of power control analysis. |
|
Selective Mapping Algorithm Based LTE System with Low Peak to Average Power Ratio in OFDM |
Author : P.Kalaiarasi1, R. Sujitha1, V.Krishnakumar2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- To propose a high performance LTE system. The performance of an LTE system is enhanced in two stages. The first stage is to reduce the high peak to average power ratio of the OFDM signal. The second stage is to improve the channel estimation. PAPR reduction is based on the selective mapping algorithm. The channel estimated via least square method by using wavelet-based de-noising method to reduce additive white Gaussian noise and inter-carrier interference (ICI).OFDM system suffer with the problem of inherent high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR)due to the inter symbol interference between the subcarriers. In order to obtain an optimal PAPR reduction using the selective mapping algorithm with less complexity. The proposed system used to reduce the PAPR and improved bit error rate in OFDM. |
|
Coupling based BigData Analysis – Reusability of Datasets |
Author : Thirunavukarasu B1, Vasanthakumar U1, Vijay S1, Dr Kalaikumaran T, Dr Karthik S |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : Presently we are in the BigData era. Many organizations and enterprises are dealing with massive set of data. These data are to be analyzed for various factors. For easy and effective data analysis, many a methods are used. Here we proposed Coupling based BigData analysis. Here the dataset are initially coupled so that the optimization can be achieved. Before one performs analysis of massive set of data, the dataset are coupled or grouped based on some kind of predefined available methodologies. Reusability of previously extracted datasets are used for quicker execution. |
|
A Comparative Study of high Resolution Weather Model WRF & ReGCM Weather Model |
Author : Jyotismita Goswami 1, Alok Choudhury2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The science of numerical weather forecasting [1] is as old as the advent of ENIAC . Earth System Models or atmospheric models are built on the basis of interdependence among the prognostic variables and their effect on the atmosphere. These models have succeeded in predicting the future weather conditions provided initial weather inputs are fed to the system. A remarkable progress has been seen in this field for the past 50 years, giving a clear understanding of climate change which is increasing daily with the invention of advanced complex prediction methodologies . These models have found applications in a variety of fields including climate prediction, data assimilation, case studies, theoretical & sensitivity studies. In this presentation, a survey study is made regarding the 2 mostly used weather models: WRF and RegCM, their evolution followed by architectures, applications and advantages . |
|
Adaptive Viterbi Decoder for Space Communication Application |
Author : R.V.Babar1, Dr. M.S. Gaikwad2, Pratik L. Parsewar3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Day by day need of increase in data transmission rate in wireless communication systems increases rapidly. Viterbi Algorithm is known as optimum-decoding algorithm for convolutional codes and has often been served as a standard technique in digital communication systems for maximum likelihood sequence estimation. In this paper, by making existing well-known Viterbi algorithm, an adaptive Viterbi algorithm that is based on strongly connected trellis decoding is proposed. Using this algorithm, the design and a field-programmable gate array implementation of a low-power adaptive Viterbi decoder with a constraint length 9 and a code rate of 1/2 is presented. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can reduce by up to 70% the average number of ACS computations over that by using the non-adaptive Viterbi algorithm, without degradation in the error performance. The proposed Adaptive Viterbi decoder can be used in high speed decoding applications such as space communication. This results in lowering the switching activities of the logic cells, with a consequent reduction in the dynamic power. Also in this paper, with the help of Matlab, comparison of results of BER of adaptive Viterbi decoder and Viterbi decoder has been concluded. |
|
Analysis of Design of Cotton Picking Machine in view of Cotton Fibre Strength |
Author : Nikhil Gedam 1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : The mechanical cotton picker is a machine that automates cotton harvesting in a way that reduces harvest time and maximizes efficiency. To develop a mechanical cotton picker with the intent on replacing manual labor. The first pickers were only capable of harvesting one row of cotton at a time, but were still able to replace up to forty hand laborers The current cotton picker is a self-propelled machine that removes cotton lint and seed (seed-cotton) users rows of barbed spindles that rotate at high speed and remove the seed-cotton from the plant. The seed-cotton is then removed from the spindles by a counter-rotating doffer and is then blown up into the basket the plant at up to six rows at a time. The picker or spindle type machine was designed to pick the open cotton from the bolls using spindles, fingers, or prongs, without injuring the plant's foliage and unopened bolls. In this cotton picking by spindle type machine will resul in sshort fibre content ,micronair and fibre length will indirectly looses the fibre strength quality as compare to hand picking machine.over come to these problem make a cotton picking machine by suction will made a pressure equal to the hand picking( 100gm) |
|
An Approach to Global Gesture Recognition Translator |
Author : Apeksha Agarwal 1, Parul Yadav2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Hand gestures play a vital role in communication between people during their daily lives. The major use of hand gestures as a mean of communication can be found mostly in the form of sign languages. Sign language is a popular communication method that can be used between deaf and dumb people. A translator is definitely needed when a person wants to communicate with a deaf one. Sign Language is the only mode of communication between deaf/dumb and normal human beings. The major difficulty of sign language recognition is determined by the fact that there exist a variety of sign language sets in the world even for a single language such as English. No Global gesture recognition translator is proposed to overcome this difficulty and therefore it is impossible for users of different sign language groups to understand each other. In this research paper, we have proposed an approach to Global sign language recognition translator. |
|
Mixing Wind Power Generation System with Energy Storage Equipments |
Author : Mohammad Ali Adelian1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— with the advance in wind turbine technologies, the cost of wind energy becomes competitive with other fuel-based generation resources. Due to the price hike of the fossil fuel and the concern of the global warming, the development of wind power has rapidly progressed over the last decade. The annual growth rate of the wind generation installation has exceeded 26% since 1990s. Many countries have set goal for high penetration levels of wind generations. Recently, several large-scale wind generation projects have been implemented all over the world. It is economically beneficial to integrate very large amounts of wind capacity in power systems. Unlike other traditional generation facilities, using wind turbines present technical challenges. Electric power. The distinct feature of the wind energy is its nature of “intermittent”. Since it is difficult to predict and control the output of the wind generation, its potential impacts on the electric grid are different from the traditional energy sources. At high penetration level, an extra fast response reserve capacity is needed to cover shortfall of generation when a sudden deficit of wind takes place. However, this requires capital investment and infrastructure improvement. To enable a proper management of the uncertainty, this paper presents an approach to make wind power become a more reliable source on both energy and capacity by using energy storage devices. Mixing the wind power generation system with energy storage will reduce fluctuation of wind power. Since it requires capital investment for the storage system, it is important to estimate reasonable storage capacities for desired applications. In addition, energy storage application for reducing the output variation and improving the dynamic stability during the gust wind and severe fault are also studied. |
|
Design of Floating Point Multiplier for Fast Fourier Transform Using Vedic Sutra |
Author : Yashkumar. M. Warkari1, Prof L.P.Thakare2, Dr. A.Y. Deshmukh3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- The need of multipliers in mathematics seems to be a very important aspect .Likewise not only in maths but also the technical applications based on maths ,the multipliers are used many number of times. Floating point multiplier is also one of the sinequanon design used in FFT’s digital filters, various transforms etc. The aim of the proposed design in the paper is to provide the multiplication of floating point numbers within less possible time with more accuracy. The lacuna elicits by conventional method has been obliterated by the aid of vedic sutra in order to reduce the complexity of design as well as functionality of entire circuit. The device used in this proposed design is 7a30tcsg324-3. |
|
Analysis of OFDM and OWDM System with various Wavelets Families |
Author : Sourabh Mahajan1, Parveen Kumar2,Anita Suman3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- To increase the data rate of wireless standard orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used which is a great method that uses an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) at the transmitter to modulate a high bit-rate signal into a number of sub-carriers. The problem with this technique is that it is inherently more complex IFFT core. This paper delivers an examination of a technique to actions respective acts, called Orthogonal Wavelet Division Multiplex (OWDM), an substitute method to OFDM, which uses a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in its place of using the IFFT at the transmitter to produce the output and intensifications elasticity in system . In this research, we associated bit error rate using OFDM and OWDM. Actually OWDM (orthogonal wavelet division multiplexing) is realized by using various Daubechies family. There are dissimilar ways of applying Daubechies family, we have calculated the bit error using OFDM and then again simulated these results using various Daubechies family and then compare it. The numerous simulations are done in MATLAB. |
|
A Review on Multi Sensor Image Fusion Techniques |
Author : Priyanka Chaudhari1, Prof.M.B.Chaudhari2, Prof. S.D.Panchal2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : Most Earth observational satellites are not able to acquire high spatial and spectral resolution data simultaneously because of design or observational constraints. To overcome such limitations, image fusion techniques are use. Image fusion is process combine different satellite images on a pixel by pixel basis to produce fused images of higher value. The value adding is meant in terms of information extraction capability, reliability and increased accuracy. The objective of this paper is to describe basics of image fusion, various pixel level mage fusion techniques for evaluating and assessing the performance of these fusion algorithms. |
|
Design and Optimization of high Frequency Lowpass Filter on RO4003C Microstrip Using maximally-Flat (Butterworth) Technique |
Author : Ahmad Aminu1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In this paper, the design and optimization of Lowpass Filter Using Maximally-Flat (Butterworth) Technique is proposed. The realization of seven order Lowpass filter on Microstrip transmission lines was carried out. MATLAB and AWR software were used for the implementation. |
|
Design of low power S-Box in Architecture Level using GF |
Author : N.Shanthini1, P.Rajasekar1, Dr. H.Mangalam1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : Information security has become an important issue in the modern world and also the technology is going to increase very fast.Data encryption & decryption method were more popular for real-time security communication application used in nowadays. For that purpose AES has to be proposed. One of the most critical problem in AES is the power consumption. In this paper presents an optimized composite field arithmetic based S-Box implemented in four stage pipeline.Here we mainly concentrate the power consumption of S box which is the most power consuming block in AES. The construction procedure for implementing Galois Field (GF) combinational logic based S-Box is presented here. S Box operation is divided in to the GF based multiplication and inverse operation and illustrated in a step-by-step manner. The XC2VP30 device of Xilinx FPGA is used to validate the power with VHDL code for the proposed architecture. Power consumption has been measured by Xpower analyser tool in ISE 14.7 design suite. |
|