To Analyze Joule Heating in Thermal Expansion with Copper Beryllium Alloy |
Author : Raman Babbar1, Anurag Singh2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :-Nowadays biomedical, industrial and electrical applications such as optical switches, thermostat and bimetallic strip systems which are parts of the actuation and sensing components are realized using thermal expansion fabricated using Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. This paper studies through comsol model, the joule heating properties of the actuation mechanism of comb shape thermal expansion with displacement produced in the device. The device is made up of copper Beryllium alloy i.e. UNS C17500. The device is more efficient when the UNS C17510 or UNS C26000 was introduced than UNS C17500 listed above to further increase the displacement. |
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Perspectives of Transport and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste in Srinagar City |
Author : Niyaz Ahmad Khan |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Transport and Disposal of Municipal solid waste is one of the major environmental problems of Srinagar city. Improper transport and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) causes hazards to inhabitants. The amount of solid waste generated in the world is steadily increasing and every government in this world is currently focusing on methods to approach the challenge. This paper is to present a case study on municipal solid waste transport and disposal in the city of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir in India and its practice as lessons learnt. Srinagar has a land area of approximately 279 Sq. Kms with a population of 12.03 lacs. Over the past two decades, MSW generation in Srinagar has increased tremendously from 180 tons in 1981 to 530 tons in 2011. This is largely as a result of rapid population growth and economic development in the country. The daily per capita generation of municipal solid waste in India ranges from about 100 g in small towns to 500 gm in large towns and in Srinagar it is 271 gm. Currently 65-70% of municipal solid waste generated in Srinagar city is collected by door to door collection method and street bin systems and is transported for dumping to open landfill site which is at Syedpora Achan about 6 km from center of Srinagar city and the remaining 30-35% of waste is dumped illegally into depressions, river embankments, unattended open spaces or is locally burnt both by individuals or Safia Karamcharis creating nuisance for public as well as acting as breeding centers of some diseases. In order to provide proper transport and disposal of municipal solid waste in Srinagar, this study recommends and suggests that clear goals and timeframes need to be established, duties and responsibilities of local government, NGOs and Srinagar Municipal Authority and funding needs to be allocated in order to produce an effective waste management framework in the City. |
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Using Wavelet for Finding Fault Place and Neural Network for Types of Facult in Transmission Lines |
Author : Mohammad Ali Adelian Rahul S Desai |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :a transmission line has their own faults and they could be single phase, double phase and three phases to ground. There are different scheme which is related to modern relay that can work with re closer for protecting the faulted phases also there should be accurate selection for finding the right phase. This thesis shows right different scheme for detection and classification of faults on transmission line. The scheme is to use neural network and wavelet transform together, to choose a proper way for solving the problem. Wavelet transform has strong mathematical, very fast and accurate tools for transient signal in the transmission lines beside We use artificial neural network that can make a different between measured signal and associated signal that has different pattern. It can be done by using specific algorithm. This algorithm using time frequency analysis of faulted transient line with help of wavelet transform, and then this will followed to the artificial neural network for identify what phase is faced with the fault. Here we used MATLAB software for simulation of fault signals and verifying the correctness of the algorithm. There will be different types of fault type which is giving to the software and result will show that where and what phase is faced the problem. |
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CFD Analysis of Electrolyte Flow Pattern in Pulse ECM and to Optimize MRR for Circular Tool |
Author : 1Anamika Mishra, 2D B Jadhav, 3P V Jadhav |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : ECM emerges out to be one of the major non conventional machining techniques based on Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, highly efficient due to its zero tool wear characteristic. Occurrence of passivation is the major problem faced in ECM. In the present work, study of the flow pattern of electrolyte has been performed so that, the machining variable distribution can be predicted accurately thus passivation can be minimized. A tool was modeled in Pro-E design modeler and study is considered under steady state with turbulence. The model was simulated for various inlet pressures. The results obtained showed that the flow velocity decreases when electrolyte moves towards the work piece and it increases at the outlet. Turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent eddy dissipation rate profile exhibits higher value of turbulence at pressure 1.0 kg/cm2 and 1.4 kg/cm2 whereas at 1.2 kg/cm 2 pressure, turbulence is almost negligible. The MRR is maximum affected by the tool feed rate followed by voltage and least by the electrolyte pressure.The optimize results A2B2C2 gives the best material removal rate (MRR).Hence, from the computational simulation and experimental results it was found that 1.2 kg/cm2 is a optimum value for pressure . |
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Max-Relay Selection in Cooperative Wireless Networks with Data Compression |
Author : Alok M. Jain1, Neeraj Tiwari2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The secure wireless communication has been an important field of research. The proposed max-ratio relay selection techniques introduced to security of transmission in buffer aided cooperative wireless network. The data transmitted from source to relay and relay to destination. An eavesdropper can used to intercept the data from source to relay and relay to destination. Assume, data buffer are available at each relay to select best link source to relay and relay to destination. An eavesdropper channel strength, introduced two cases, exact and average gain respectively. In this paper proposed two new scheme, data compression and fast communication scheme. RC6 block cipher has been purposed for data security and RLE (Run Length Encoding) has been proposed for data compression and fast communication in cooperative wireless network. This both the scheme has been proposed to improve the performance and security of wireless communication. |
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WNS for Agricultural Monitoring & Development |
Author : Piyusha D.Patil, Prof N.A.Dawande |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :By taking into account rapidly increasing population of India, it being difficult fulfill basic needs of mankind. To overcome this issue one solution is to increase the agricultural productivity in terms of quantity as well as quality. Unfortunately farmers are affected due to unhealthy climate for the crops. It results in degradation of agricultural products quantity wise & quality wise. If we implement the system which will help farmer to monitor climatic conditions on regular basis So that he can analyze data & can take preventive actions accordingly. In this article we are going to implement the system to monitor the environmental conditions & control the environmental condition as much as possible. The parameters that we are going monitor includes temperature, light, humidity, soil moisture, motion detector etc. While data is being collected the system itself will take action to maintain the healthy climate for the crops. Whatever action is being taken by the system will be be immediately informed to framer via sms. In case farmer do not need to maintain the climate, then he can refuse the automatically action taken by system through sms. In this way framer is having control on the farm’s climate all time & from anywhere. To implement this design we are going to use microcontroller ie. PIC 18F4520, sensor block, Radio Frequency module ie.RF module CC2500&GSM ModulenumberSIM900DHere we will implement wireless sensor nodes that are designed by using RF Module. These nodes will collect information related to farm’s environmental condition. On receiver side RF receiver will receive data & will transfer it on operator’s computer where it will be stored. If Temperature is rising above certain level which will be harmful for crop then microcontroller will make fan ON until temperature will be maintained. At the same time, if soil moisture is below required level then controller will make motor ON for required amount of time. This action taken by the system is informed to farmer through sms by using GSM Module. In this way farmer will have control on the farm’s conditions. |
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Assessment of Physico- Chemical Parameters of Upper Lake Bhopal M.P. India |
Author : Muzaffar U Zaman Khan1, Ishtiyaq Majeed Ganaie1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The present study assesses the various physico-chemical parameters of Upper Lake Bhopal. For the analysis, methodology as given in APHA (1995) was followed. The results obtained revealed higher values for some parameters such as free CO2, indicating higher trophic status of the lake as were also reported by Wanganeo and Wanganeo (2006). Chloride values were also recorded on the higher side indicating that the lake waters are fed with sewage and other run-off materials from its catchment area. The calcium and magnesium hardness revealed less hard waters of the lake. The pH values recorded were also of near neutral to alkaline range suggesting well buffered lake waters. |
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Application of 7 Quality Control (7 QC) Tools for Continuous Improvement of Manufacturing Processes |
Author : Varsha M. Magar1, Dr. Vilas B. Shinde2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : In this paper a review of systematic use of 7 QC tools is presented. The main aim of this paper is to provide an easy introduction of 7 QC tools and to improve the quality level of manufacturing processes by applying it.QC tools are the means for Collecting data , analyzing data , identifying root causes and measuring the results. these tools are related to numerical data processing .All of these tools together can provide great process tracking and analysis that can be very helpful for quality improvements. These tools make quality improvements easier to see, implement and track. The work shows continuous use of these tools upgrades the personnel characteristics of the people involved. It enhances their ability to think generate ideas, solve problem and do proper planning. The development of people improves the internal environment of the organization, Which plays a major role in the total Quality Culture. |
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A Survey & Assessment of Noise Removal Methods in Imageing |
Author : Nikhil Gupta1, Rampal Kushwaha2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— Image process is employed in several fields like pc vision, remote sensing, medical imaging, AI etc. In several of those applications the existence of impulsive noise within the noninheritable pictures is one in all the foremost common issues. This noise is usually aloof from a picture by mistreatment median filter because it preserves the perimeters throughout noise removal. pictures can even corrupt by the shot noise, known as salt-and pepper noise. This noise is characterized by spots on the image and is typically related to the noninheritable image because of errors in image sensors and information transmission. This paper makes an attempt to undertake the study of Denoiseing ways . totally different noise densities are removed by mistreatment filters rippling primarily based ways . Fourier remodel technique is localized in frequency domain wherever the rippling remodel technique is localized in each frequency and abstraction domain however each the on top of ways don\'t seem to be information adaptational .In This paper we tend to attempt to presents a review of some important add the realm of image denoising and finds the one is best for image denoising. Here, some in style approaches area unit classified into totally different teams .after that we tend to conclude for best technique for Image Denoising. |
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Protecting Source and Sink Node’s Location Privacy against Adversaries in Sensor Network: A Survey |
Author : Pavitha N1, S.N. Shelke2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- Due to the open nature of a sensor network, it is relatively easy for an adversary to eavesdrop and trace packet movement in the network in order to capture the source and destination physically. Many security protocols have been developed to provide confidentiality for the content of messages whereas contextual information usually remains exposed. Such contextual information can be exploited by an adversary to derive sensitive information such as the locations of monitored objects and data sinks in the field. This paper is a survey of various techniques to provide location privacy in sensor network. We have analysed various techniques to provide location privacy for source node and also for sink node. |
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Moving Object Detection and Tracking for Video Survelliance |
Author : Ms Jyoti J. Jadhav |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Moving object detection and Tracking has been widely used in diverse discipline such as intelligent transportation system, airport security system, video surveillance applications, and so on. This paper presents the moving object detection and tracking using reference Background Subtraction. In this method, we used Static camera for video and first frame of video is directly consider as Reference Background Frame and this frame is subtract from current frame to detect moving object and then set threshold T value. If the pixel difference is greater than the set threshold T, then it determines that the pixels from moving object, otherwise, as the background pixels. But this fixed threshold suitable only for an ideal condition is not suitable for complex environment with lighting changes. So that in this paper we used dynamic optimization threshold method to obtain a more complete moving objects. This method can effectively eliminate the impact of light changes. |
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Cash Flow of High Rise Residential Building |
Author : Dipti R. Shetye1, Dr. S.S.Pimplikar2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : - Cash flow is very essential in every construction project as it gives the detail idea about how much money or amount we are spending on project as a cash outflow and how much amount we are getting back from the project as a cash inflow & when we combine the both inflow and outflow with the help of graph we can understood that how much inflow and outflow is their in each month so its easy to compare and to know that how much profit we are getting and also we can plot ‘S’ curve of month Vs cumulative cost from which we can know month wise how much cost get added up to the last month of the project. To define all this in detail I have taken case study of my project in the paper on which I have worked. That is Pebbles 9 Floored building in Bavdhan for this case study I have collected data like item wise quantities in each activity then basic labor & material rates, then total consumption of items for each activity & total BOQ is prepared from that which shows item wise quantity, rate and amount. Then I have used Microsoft project software in this project so I have put all the activities in software as a work breakdown structure i.e. (WBS) then duration for activities given and then linking part is done then set the baseline and tracking part is done by doing tracking grant. It gives planned and actual duration of the project from that we can understand whether project is as per plan or it is lagging and if it is lagging then by how much duration its lagging then resource cost summery report generated in MSP using visual reports for whole project duration and we can do this for each month also to understand how much cost spend on each resource in each month. Then Inflow and Outflow generated then combination of Inflow and outflow generated from which we can understand simultaneously then inflow and outflow in each month so, that we can easily calculate the project duration. Like this cash flow of the any project get generated which is very necessary for clear understanding that how much money we are spending and in that how much money we are getting back. |
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Neighboring Optimal Solution for Fuzzy Travelling Salesman Problem |
Author : D. Stephen Dingar1, K. Thiripura Sundari 2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A new method is introduced to find fuzzy optimal solution for fuzzy Travelling salesman problems. In this method, intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are utilized to find the fuzzy optimal solution. This proposed method provides some of other fuzzy salesman problem very neighbour optimal solution called fuzzy “neighbouring optimal” salesman. A relevant numerical example is also included |
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Factors Influencing Anxiety among Epilepsy Patients at Selected Hospital in Chennai |
Author : Dr. S. Sujithra |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :World Health Organisation and its partners recognize that epilepsy is a major public health concern. Projects to reduce the treatment gap and morbidity of people with epilepsy, train and educate health professionals, dispel stigma, identify potential for prevention and develop models integrating epilepsy control into local health systems are ongoing in many countries. In a project carried out in China, the treatment gap was reduced by 13% and there was improved access to care for people with epilepsy. The most common psychiatric conditions in epilepsy are depression, anxiety, and psychoses. Anxiety is common in patients with epilepsy; out of 49 patients with epilepsy attending a tertiary epilepsy care center, 57% had high-level anxiety. Anxiety in patients with epilepsy can be ictal, postictal, or interictal. Up to 50 or 60% of patients with chronic epilepsy have various mood disorders including depression and anxiety. Whereas the relationship between epilepsy and depression has received much attention, less is known about anxiety disorders. It is now recognized that anxiety can have a profound influence on the quality of life of patients with epilepsy. The relationship between anxiety disorders and epilepsy is complex. It is necessary to analyse the factors which influence anxiety among epilepsy patients. Non Experimental, Descriptive research design using Survey Approach data was collected from 60 epilepsy patients who were attending the OPD on regular schedule. On data analysis there was an association between the level of anxiety with the selected demographic variables, chi-square reveals significant with p=0.00%with employed patients. |
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Application of Response Surface Method in Optimization of Impact Toughness of EN24Steel |
Author : Rohit Pandey1, Rahul Davis2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : — Impact testing methodology is findings the applications for determining the impact strength of the different materials. Oneof the most important characteristics of structural steels, toughness is assessed by the Charpy V-notch impact test. The objective of the research was to maximize the impact toughness by selecting various combinations of Charpy Impact test parameters. In this paper, experiments were carried out to Study the Effect of Thermal Treatments (annealing, cryogenic treatment and tempering) on Impact Toughness. Cryogenic treatment (CT) is the supplementary process to conventional heat treatment process in steels, by deep–freezing materials at cryogenic temperatures to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of materials being treated. For this purpose, the temperature was used -196oC as deep cryogenic temperature. The effects of cryogenic temperature (deep), cryogenic time (kept at cryogenic temperature for 36 hr) on the wear behavior of EN24 steel were studied. The findings showed that the cryogenic treatment decreases the retained austenite and hence improves the wear resistance and hardness. The process has various advantages like increase in hardness, increase in wear resistance, reduced residual stresses, fatigue resistance, increased dimensional stability, increased thermal conductivity, toughness, by transformation of retained austenite to martensite, the metallurgical aspects of eta-carbide formation, precipitation of ultra- fine carbides, and homogeneous crystal structure. The findings show that the cryogenic treatment improves the wear resistance and hardness of EN24 steel. En24 steel is generally used in the hardened and tempered condition to achieve an optimum combination of hardness and ductility. In the present study, heat treatment process of En24 steel was done which includes Annealing and Tempering at high temperature. The specimens tempered at different temperatures (in the range 473–823 K) exhibited decreasing hardness with increase in tempering temperature. Response surface methodology was adopted in designing the experiments for three factors with 27 levels. |
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Time Efficient Equations to Solve Calculations of Five Using Recursion Method |
Author : Sahana S Bhandari1, Shreyas Srinath1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In this paper, shortest method to solve calculations of number ending with five have been presented. Many facts related to the calculation are proposed through which the entire calculation gets reduced to the level of an eye blink. There are many methods in Vedic Mathematics to multiply any two numbers. They are time consuming since they are not specifically meant for numbers ending with five. This describes the method to find the cube of a number ending with five accurately and very fast. It even describes the shortest method to solve the multiplication of two numbers ending with five. By using these formulas, calculations involving two numbers ending with five can be easily solved. This method can be also used in the field of math coprocessors in computer. This algorithm is tested in matlab(2012a version) . This method can be implemented on vlsi chip for faster multiplication. |
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Detecting Wormhole Nodes in WSN using Data Trackers |
Author : Harleen Kaur1, Neetu Gupta2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Wormhole attack can be destabilizes or disables wireless sensor networks. In a typical wormhole attack, the attacker receives packets at one point in the network and forwards them with a less latency than the network links, and relays them to another point in the network. This paper describes the taxonomy of wormhole attack and presents the several scenarios of wormhole attacks. |
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A Network Overview of Massive MIMO for 5G Wireless Cellular: System Model and Potentials |
Author : Ramya Ranjan Choudhury1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This research article presents an overview on massive MIMO systems and its signal processing applications in future trends unlocking the aspects fifth generation of cellular communication. The key technologies includes MIMO integration to emerging technologies like device to device support, heterogeneous networks, base centric architecture for millimeter wave range for developing future generation 5G standard for wireless cellular. The system modeling design is also illustrated thereby providing a direction for meeting high data and bandwidth needs in future by employing massive MIMO cellular networks with current wireless technologies have been identified |
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Effect of Altitude on the Efficiency of Solar Panel |
Author : Manoj Kumar Panjwani 1, Dr. Ghous Bukshsh Narejo1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Our previous research work suggests that the efficiency of solar panel is drastically effected when it comes to humidity changes. In this research paper, we observe the effect of power accession of solar panel if it is kept at a altitude/height. According to the experiments conducted, at the same time and at the same intensity of sunlight, the power accession of 7-12% was observed due to placement of Solar Panel at a particular height of 90 foot/27.432m above the datum/ground Level. |
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Analysis and Study of Quality Factor for Simple Fixed Beam MEMS Resonator |
Author : Meenu Pruthi1, Anurag Singh 2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : This paper focus the study of Quality factor of MEMS resonators are analyzed by varying the material of cantilever beam. Modeling and simulation of Thermoelastic Damping (TED) is an important issue in the development of actuators, MEMS resonators, and filters. The energy dissipation mechanism by TED highly affects the Q factor. Here we uses material s Ge, GaAs, PolySi, Single Crystal Si. Out of these material Single crystal shows the better value of Qfactor at eigen frequency (6.304492e5). Modeling and simulation of TED effect on various resonators are done by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Thus the effect of material properties on the Q factor is also studied in the case of simple fixed-fixed beam resonators. |
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Design of a High Speed FIR Filter on FPGA by Using DA-OBC Algorithm |
Author : Vijay Kumar Ch1, Leelakrishna Muthyala1, Chitra E2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The main objective of the project is to implement FIR filter on FPGA using Distributed Arithmetic-Offset Binary Coding (DA-OBC) reduction technique. Digital filtering algorithms are most commonly implemented using general purpose digital signal processing chips for audio applications, or special purpose digital filtering chips and application- specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for higher rates. This paper describes an approach to the implementation of digital filter algorithms based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Implementing hardware design in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is a formidable task. There is more than one way to implement the digital FIR filter. Based on the design specification, careful choice of implementation method and tools can save a lot of time and work. Mat Lab is an excellent tool to design filters. There are toolboxes available to generate VHDL descriptions of the filters which reduce dramatically the time required to generate a solution. Time can be spent evaluating different implementation alternatives. Computation algorithms are required that exploit the FPGA architecture to make it efficient in terms of speed and/or area. By using this algorithm, memory size can be reduced and also the speed of the operation can be increased. The FIR filter can be simulated on FPGA device by VHDL language in MODEL SIM and simulation on MATLAB is in this project |
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Stabilization of Ammonium Nitrate for Phase Modification (ll) by Co-crystallization with Copper (ll) Nitrate (Trihydrate) |
Author : Manish Kumar Bharti1, Sonia Chalia2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The present study has been aimed to investigate the stabilization effects imposed by the addition of Copper (II) Nitrate (Trihydrate) (Cu(NO3)2.3H2O) on the phase modification (II) of Ammonium Nitrate (AN) and eventually on its thermal decomposition behavior. Cu(NO3)2.3H2O was co-crystallized with AN in weight percentages as 3%, 6% and 10% for the preparation of three samples of Phase Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate (PSAN). The thermal decomposition behaviors of untreated AN and prepared samples of PSAN were assessed and compared using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to observe the effectiveness of Cu(NO3)2.3H2O as a potential stabilizer. The present study indicated that Cu(NO3)2.3H2O, in low weight percentages, was able to provide a significant delay in the onset temperature range of near-room-temperature phase modification (III) of AN occurring at around 32 °C– 34 °C. Also, increasing weight percentage of Cu(NO3)2.3H2O in the composition resulted in the complete stabilization of phase modification (II) occurring at around 85 °C– 87 °C. |
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Image Encryption using Different Techniques for High Security Transmission over a Network |
Author : Mohammad Sajid Qamruddin Khizrai 1, Prof. S.T.Bodkhe2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : Digital image is a collection of the pixel with different intensity values, and each image is in the form of n*m, no of pixel (where n,m is no of Rows and Column) when we transfer a digital image from source to destination through a network, it need to be encrypted at the source side and decrypted at the destination side. Encryption is process of hiding the information, when the information is transferred through a network and decryption is the process of extracting the information from an encrypted information. For this encryption and decryption, we need some encryption and decryption algorithm. Security of a data or information is very important now a day in this world. And everybody want a secure network, for transmission of his information, being a well secure network there is also a chance of hacking a data, most of the banks and other organization where data security in important are well secured but there is also a online fraudulent is there. So we need a more secure data with high security environment. Generally, we do high secure working environment and data is also secure with a encryption and decryption method or technique, but that techniques uses only one encryption and decryption keys. |
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AXI Interconnect Between Four Master and Four Slave Interfaces |
Author : Mayank Rai Nigam1, Mrs Shivangi Bande2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) has developed AMBA (Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture) bus protocol which is widely used by System-on-Chip (SoC) designers. Systems-on-Chip are one of the biggest challenges engineers ever faced which result a mix of microprocessor, memories, buses architectures, communication standards, protocol and interfaces.AMBA buses act as the high-performance system backbone bus. It supports the efficient connection of processors, on-chip memories and off-chip external memory interfaces. APB and AHB come under AMBA standard. ARM has come up with its latest on chip bus transfer bus protocol, called AMBA AXI. AXI stands for Advanced Xtensible Interface.From a technology perspective, AMBA AXI (Advanced eXtensible Interface) provides the means to perform low latency, high bandwidth on chip communication between multiple masters and multiple slaves. Moving one stage further, from an implementationperspective, configurability and programmability are becoming vital to ensuring IP can be tuned for a given application or project requirement. |
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CFD Analysis for Heat Transfer Enhancement inside a Circular Tube Using with Different-2 Length Ratio Twisted Tapes |
Author : Sunny Gulia1, Dr. Anuradha Parinam1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a useful tool in solving and analyzing problems that involve fluid flows, while twisted tape is inserted in tube with a view to generating swirl flow .With the help of this helical tape, pressure will be drop and heat transfer rate will be increase due to swirl flow. The flow rate of the tube is considered in a range of Reynolds number between 4000 to 20000. The Numerical simulation of helical tape swirl generation in the tape with different Length Ratio ( LR)-0.29,0.43,0.57 and 1.The processes in solving the simulation consist of modeling and meshing the basic geometry of twisted tape using the package ICEM-CFD. Then the boundary condition will be set before been simulate in Fluent based on the research paper’s experimental data. Finally result has been examined in CFD-Post. This work presents a numerically study on the mean Nusselt number, friction factor and enhancement characteristics in a round tube with helical tapes insert under uniform wall heat flux 1000 boundary condition. The full length twisted tape is inserted into the tested tube at a single twist ratio of . While the short-length tapes mounted at the entry test section are used at several tape length ratio (LR= ) of 0.29, 0.43, 0.57 and 1. |
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Various Issues in Computerized Speech Recognition Systems |
Author : Shally Gujral1, Monika Tuteja1, Baljit Kaur1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Speech recognition is the translation of spoken words into text. It is also known as "automatic speech recognition", "ASR", "computer speech recognition", "speech to text", or just "STT". Speech Recognition is technology that can translate spoken words into text. Some SR systems use "training" where an individual speaker reads sections of text into the SR system. These systems analyze the person's specific voice and use it to fine tune the recognition of that person's speech, resulting in more accurate transcription. Speech Recognition (is also known as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) or computer speech recognition) is the process of converting a speech signal to a sequence of words, by means of an algorithm implemented as a computer program. |
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Design of Low Area and Low Power Modified 32-BIT Square Root Carry Select Adder |
Author : Garima Singh1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : In digital circuitry, a compact and fast adder is required to carry out computations in large chips. Carry Select Adder (CSLA) is one of the fast adders used in many data-processing processors to perform fast arithmetic functions. Although carry select adder is slower than carry look-ahead adder but area is lesser. From the structure of the CSLA, there is scope for reducing the area and power consumption in the CSLA. The thesis uses a simple and efficient gate -level modification to significantly reduce the area and power of the CSLA. Based on this modification 32-bit square-root CSLA (SQRT CSLA) architecture has been developed and compared with the 32-bit conventional SQRT CSLA architecture. The modification is the use of Binary-To-Excess-1Converter logic instead of the chain of full adder when carry is 1.This logic has less number of gates as compared to the design without using binary to excess 1 converter logic. The design is checked on Modelsim 6.4 (a) and synthesized on Xilinx ISE design suite 14.3.The power is calculated on Xilinx Power Estimator tool. The area comparison is done in respect of LUTs .Proposed design has reduced area and power as compared with the conventional SQRT CSLA with only a slight increase in the delay. The thesis evaluates the performance of the design in terms of area and power. The result analysis shows that the modified SQRT CSLA structure is quantitatively superior over conventional SQRT CSLA in terms of area and power. |
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Dynamic Behavior of 2-D Flexible Porous Vertical Structure Exposed to Waves and Current – A Numerical Simulation |
Author : Sonia Chalia1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The main objective is to find out the environmental effects on the Flexible porous vertical structure and its stability when exposed to different parameters of waves and current. A numerical model of 2D net is modeled and simulated to analyze the response of the structure and tension in the mooring lines in these conditions. The system included a flexible net attached to floaters on the top and weight suspended on the bottom and high tensioned mooring with fixed floatation. The analysis is performed by OrcaFlex software which is a 3D non-linear time domain finite element program capable of dealing with arbitrarily large deflections of the flexible from the initial configuration. Input forcing parameters in the model consisted of regular waves, with or without steady current. The results analyzed are the effect of different wave, wave height, wave period, influence of the floater movement on the structural forces in the net, current on mooring line tension, and how the bottom weight affects the mooring line tension. |
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Performance Evaluation of Time Reversed Space Time Block Codes in Nakagami-m Fading Channel |
Author : Subhashini Dhiman1, Surbhi Sharma1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Two transmit and one receive antenna design was presented by Alamouti in [5], where channel coefficients at adjacent time intervals are assumed to be same. When the channel suffers from intersymbol interference (ISI) due to large delay spread, Time Reversal Space Time Block Codes (TR-STBC) achieves better performance [8]. In frequency selective Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channel environment, loss of ‘quasi static’ assumption produce the ISI in TR-STBC. In this paper, a low complexity receiver is evaluated to mitigate the effect of intersymbol interference caused due to ‘quasi static’ assumption in TR-STBC in Nakagami-m fading channel. |
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Secured Communication for Missile Navigation |
Author : Kulkarni Laxmi G1, Dawande Nitin A1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— In order to improve the security of the Military kinds of network this work is proposed. Here the position of missile navigates as per the user’s requirement. The user sends the co-ordinates through pc based server on the base station. For security purpose encryption is done with RC4algorithm implementation. The system that uses Human Computer Interaction and Visualization technology provides several encryption algorithms and key generators. |
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Use of Smart Wireless Node in Vehicle Networking |
Author : Shripad S. Kulkarni1, Prof. Ramesh. Y. Mali1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— The paper proposed the use of smart wireless node in vehicle network for communication between different Electronic Control Units (ECU) in the vehicle more specifically for Body Control Module (BCM) in bus platform. In typical bus platform the main constrain is wiring harness as it involves many critical issues as weight, complex design and many more. To overcome this issue the smart wireless nodes in vehicle can play important role as it significantly reduced wiring harness. We use PIC 18FXX microcontroller, Zigbee Device with IEEE 801.15.4 standard for communication between different wireless network modules in vehicle. |
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Blind Aid: A Self-Learning Braille System for Visually Impaired |
Author : Shahbaz Ali Khidri¹, Shakir Hussain Memon², Aamir Jameel³ |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- Braille is vital to all visually impaired individuals and it’s the only system through which visually impaired children can learn to read and write, yet the rate of Braille literacy among visually impaired people belonging to developing countries including Pakistan is alarming low. Today in developing countries less than 3% of visually impaired children are learning to read Braille in school. This continues despite the fact that studies have shown that 80% of all employed visually impaired people read and write Braille fluently. Thus, Braille literacy is the key to employment and full participation in society. This research paper presents the design of a low-cost, low-power, portable, self-learning, and user friendly Braille system. The designed system serves as Braille writing and reading tutor, so visually impaired people can enhance their Braille writing and reading skills without the assistance of a Braille teacher. The designed system takes the input through Braille keyboard and produces the speech output and it also has the capability to read documents. It is believed that by implementing the designed Braille system in schools and homes, Braille literacy rate can be increased and visually impaired people can be employed and can fully participate in society. |
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Application of Grey Based Design of Experiment Technique in Optimization of Charpy Impact Testing |
Author : Md. Shadab1, Rahul Davis2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The Mechanical Properties of different materials are determined by conducting various design experimental runs. That should be according to the actual working and operating conditions. In this phenomena the type of applied load(s), its duration and the working conditions play a vital role. Engineering materials are always subjected to external loadings therefore it is of great significance if the effect of these loadings can be quantified. In the current research work an attempt was made to optimize the process parameters with the help of surface treatments in order to maximize the impact toughness and minimize the hardness of EN 31 Steel. For this purpose grey based design of experiment method was used and results works were validated graphically and analytically the obtain result shows the height of the hammer affected the impact toughness significantly on the other hand thermal treatment was the most influenced factor that affected materials hardness significantly. |
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E-Waste Management Practices: Specific Focus on Indore & Jabalpur |
Author : Dr. Devendra S Verma1, Shekhar Agrawal1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- The e-wastes are old electronic and electrical product or communication and computer products which attain the end of life. These e-wastes are categorised into different categories. The developed countries are used to send the e-waste to developing countries and it now becomes a matter of concerns for developing countries. The changing technology is also a reason for increase in e-waste generation. In this paper a study on e-waste management practices was done by conducting a survey in two cities of India i.e. Indore and Jabalpur and results were obtained regarding awareness among people about e-waste, method of e-waste management and suggestions were obtained about e-waste management. Based on this survey it was recommended that role of government should be increased for controlling the informal method of e-waste management and for promoting the formal method and increasing the awareness among people about hazardous effect of e-waste and for its proper disposal. Also the responsibility of manufacturer should also increases for buy back method of e-waste management by the manufacturer. |
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Frequency Analysis of Healthy & Epileptic Seizure in EEG using Fast Fourier Transform |
Author : Meenakshi, Dr. R.K Singh, Prof. A.K Singh |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Analysis of EEG signals shows that the range of frequency for epileptic seizure in a neurological disorder which needs to be detected at an early stage to know their specific needs and to help them survive with the problem. In reference to the India population 0.6 to 0.8% is affected by seizure, which is the common neurological disease just after the knock, of which 3o% have not been able to gain any control over their seizure using current pharmacological treatment measure [1-2].KNN and Linear discriminate analysis are used to detect the discrete emotions (surprise, happy, fear, neutral and disgust) of human through EEG signals. We measure EEG signals frequency range relating to seizure, divide them into five different domain such as α, β, γ, δ and θ related to the total range, and eliminate frequency distribution through FFT of EEG signals to compare the difference between seizure and healthy subject. The resulting calculations are based on the selected frequency range. |
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Face Recognition using Principal Component Analysis with DCT |
Author : Kiran D. Kadam1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Face recognition (FR) is a challenging issue due to variation in expression, pose, illumination and aging etc. In this paper hybrid combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) is used is used to represent accurate face recognition system. Face recognition system used for many applications such as security access to video indexing by content. This method is useful to increase the efficiency by extracting meaningful features and also increase in recognition rate of system which is easy to implement. This paper proposes a methodology for improving the recognition rate of face recognition system. Standard databases such as FACES 94 and ORL are used to test the experimental results which proves that proposed system achieves more accurate face recognition as compared to individual method. |
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A New Pan-Sharpening Method Using Joint Sparse FI Image Fusion Algorithm |
Author : Ashish Dhore1, Dr. Veena C.S2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— Recently, sparse representation (SR) and joint sparse representation (JSR) have attracted a lot of interest in image fusion. The SR models signals by sparse linear combinations of prototype signal atoms that make a dictionary. The JSR indicates that different signals from the various sensors of the same scene form an ensemble. These signals have a common sparse component and each individual signal owns an innovation sparse component. The JSR offers lower computational complexity compared with SR. The SparseFI method does not assume any spectral composition model of the panchromatic image and due to the super-resolution capability and robustness of sparse signal reconstruction algorithms, it gives higher spatial resolution and, in most cases, less spectral distortion compared with the conventional methods. Comparison among the proposed technique and existing processes such as intensity hue saturation (IHS) image fusion, Brovey transform, principal component analysis, fast IHS image fusion has been done. The pan-sharpened high-resolution MS image by the proposed method is competitive or even superior to those images fused by other well-known methods. In this paper, we propose a new pan-sharpening method named Joint Sparse Fusion of Images (JSparseFI). The pan-sharpened images are quantitatively evaluated for their spatial and spectral quality using a set of well-established measures in the field of remote sensing. The evaluation metrics are ERGAS, Q4 and SAM which measure the spectral quality.To capture the image details more efficiently, we proposed the generalized JSR in which the signals ensemble depends on two dictionaries. |
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Optimization of Process Parameters Influencing MRR, Surface Roughness and Electrode Wear During Machining of Titanium Alloys by WEDM |
Author : P. Abinesh1, Dr. K. Varatharajan2, Dr. G. Satheesh Kumar3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Wire-cut Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is extensively used in machining of conductive materials producing intricate shapes with high accuracy. This study exhibits that WEDM process parameters can be altered to achieve betterment of Material removal rate(MRR),Surface Roughness (SR) and Electrode Wear. The objective of our project is to investigate and optimize the potential process parameters influencing the MRR, SR and Electrode Wear while machining of Titanium alloys using WEDM process. This work involves study of the relation between the various input process parameters like Pulse-on time(Ton), Pulse-off time(Toff), Pulse Peak Current(IP), Wire material and Work piece material and process variables. Based on the chosen input parameters and performance measures L-16 orthogonal array is selected to optimize the best suited values for machining for Titanium alloys by WEDM. |
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Modeling the deformation of Earth Dam during an Earthquake |
Author : Mohammad reza kahoorzadeh1, Masoud dehghani2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Embankments or earth dams are of important structures which have considerable application in the vast area of geotechnical engineering. The control of different geotechnical phenomena such sliding, and overturning and settlement of the clayey dams has high research priority from which a strong controlling tool obtains for engineers and managers. In this article, the dynamic or seismic deformation of embankments is investigated by finite element modeling in ANSYS software. The Young modules ratio of models was defined as the crest elasticity modules relative to the soft soil elasticity modules of the foundation. It is indicated that the higher value of elasticity ratio yields the lower amount of dynamic horizontal displacement and higher dynamic vertical displacement. Comparing the results with the literature indicated a good agreement in aspect of dynamic displacements. Finally dams with better seismic performance are introduced. |
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Performance Analysis of Multi-Cylinder C.I. Engine by using Various Alternate Fules |
Author : N. BalajiGanesh1,Dr. B Chandra Mohan Reddy2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Modernization and increase in the number of automobiles worldwide, the consumption of diesel and gasoline has enormously increased. As petroleum is non renewable source of energy and the petroleum reserves are scarce nowadays, there is a need to search for alternative fuels for automobiles. The intensive search for alternative fuels for compression ignition engines has been focused attention on fuels which can be derived from bio mass in this regard cashew nut oil and cottonseed oil is found to be a potential fuel for C.I Engines. The properties of cashew nut oil and sunflower oil are determined by using standard methods. The experiment is to be conduct when the engine fuelled with mixing of cashew nut oil, cottonseed oil and its blends in various proportions like 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by volume and then investigate the performance and emission characteristics of C.I Engine at different load conditions |
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An Implementation of proficient Rectified Probabilistic Packet Marking for Tracing Attackers |
Author : Naveen Kumar S. Koregol1, Chaithanyaprabhu.A.S2, Raghavendra K3, Sayyed Johar4 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The probabilistic packet marking (PPM) algorithm is a hopeful technique to determine the Internet map or an attack graph that the attack packets spanned during a dispersed self denial of service attack. On the other hand, the PPM algorithm is not ideal, as its terminus condition is not well specified in the literary study. Further notably, without a proper terminus consideration, the attack graph fabricated by the PPM algorithm would be wrong. In this work, we provide a particular terminus consideration for the PPM algorithm and name the recent algorithm the Rectified PPM (RPPM) algorithm. The almost substantial worthiness of the RPPM algorithm is that while the algorithm terminates, the algorithm ensures that the created attack graph is acceptable, with a intended level of assurance. We carry out simulations on the RPPM algorithm and illustrate that the RPPM algorithm can promise the rightness of the fabricated attack graph under diverse probabilities that a router marks the attack packets and dissimilar structures of the network graph. The RPPM algorithm furnishes an independent means for the inventive PPM algorithm to find out its termination, and it is a hopeful way of improving the dependability of the PPM algorithm. |
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Speech Compression for Better Audibility Using Wavelet Transformation with Adaptive Kalman Filtering |
Author : P. Sunitha1, Satya Prasad Chitneedi2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : — This paper deals with speech compression based on Discrete wavelet transforms and Adapive Kalman filter. English words were used for this experiment. This kalman filter with wavelet coding could successfully compress and reconstructed words with perfect audibility by using both waveform coding. But in general the Wavelet coding gives more accuracy for audibility. Here the proposed Adaptive Kalman filter with Wavelet Coding which gives more audibility than only Wavelet coding. In mobile communication systems, service providers are continuously met with the challenge of accommodating more users within a limited allocated bandwidth. For this reason, manufactures and service providers are continuously in search of low bit-rate speech coders that deliver toll-quality speech. The result obtained from Wavelet Coding was compared with Adaptive Kalman with Wavelet Coding. From the results we saw that the performance of Wavelet Coding with Adaptive Kalman Filter was better than wavelet transform. |
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Multimodal Biometrics Information Fusion for Efficient Recognition using Weighted Method |
Author : Shalini Verma1, Dr. R. K. Singh2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : Biometrics do not provide unique identification. The matching process is probabilistic and is liable to measureable lapse error. A mistaken verfication or identification where the wrong person is matched against an enrolled user is termed a False Acceptance and the rate at which these occur is the False Acceptance Rate (FAR). Conversely, an error that occurs where a legitimate user fails to be recognised is termed a False Rejection and the corresponding rate is the False Rejection Rate (FRR). These errors are dependent not only on the technology but also on the application and the environment of use. |
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Applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems using RFID Systems |
Author : Satheesh Kumar M, Prof. Ramesh Y. Mali |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Intelligent transport systems vary in technologies applied, from basic management systems such as car navigation; traffic signal control systems; container management systems; variable message signs; automatic number plate recognition or speed cameras to monitor applications, such as security CCTV systems; and to more advanced applications that integrate live data and feedback from a number of other sources, such a sparking guidance and information systems; weather information; bridge de-icing systems; and the like. Additionally, predictive techniques are being developed to allow advanced modelling and comparison with historical baseline data. Some of these technologies are described in the following sections |
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Enchanced Fault RIDE-THROUGH Technique for PMSG Wind Turbine Systems Using DC Link Based Rotor-Side Controlled |
Author : Anas Abdulqader khalaf, Prof P.D. Bharadwaj |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Stations that run on electric power production of energies employer is wind power - as technology be a healthy environment disbursement of oil may be non-existent and more dynamic and depend on the nature and especially the movement of wind and the cost of a simple piece increased interest by the consumer - and one of the types of engines that are used by engine wind PMSG is a device fluctuates according to the volatility of the atmosphere, especially wind speed and electric power unsteady be important in the network to produce electric power by the movement and direction of the wind - is important to intervene network with wind power inverter where - there are good things and some not so good use generators variable interval and speed - and a magnet permanently be mostly from based on wind generator to change load WECS bearing on the conditions of network variable - in technology generator has the ability to turn side to reduce the oscillations obtained from the train engine and is controlled by the part of the network by controlling - and there are laws that bind b laws that serve the network control - and works to reduce to some extent the changes that occur in the network and with the mistakes that may occur on the side of the network - in some generators often, reduce current by converting automatically by the generator and keep any effort strategy compared to Alternative Carriers Dc chopper. |
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Permeability Behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete |
Author : Monika Dhakla1, Dr S.K. Verma2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :For several years, the problem of durability of concrete structure has been a major problem posed to engineers. To make durable concrete structure, sufficient compaction is required. Excess of vibration causes segregation whereas under vibration leads to improper compaction. Answer to this problem is Self compacting concrete(SCC) which can get compacted into every corner of form work and gap between steel, purely by means of its own weight and without the need for compaction. Durability of concrete depends largely upon the permeability of concrete that is defined as the ease with which it allows the fluids to pass through it. This paper aims to focus on experimental study of permeability test on selected SCC trial mixes after giving different exposure condition. A suitable mix was selected on the basis of self compactability properties which can be checked by various tests such as slump test, U Box test, L Box test and V Funnel test. The various specimens were exposed to different conditions such as normal (lab environment), heat cool cycles and wet dry cycles. The results of the exposed specimens was compared with the specimen cast and kept at room temperature so as to estimate the durability parameters for duration of one month. |
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Parental Controlled Social Network with Multiparty Access Control and String Search |
Author : Anu P Salim1, Reeba R1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— Online social networks or simply social networks is one the important emerging service provided in the Internet. It is very popular and powerful tools for making and finding friends and for identifying other people who share similar interests. This paper introduce a new Online Social Network with two new techniques, one is for improving the performance of information collection using string transformation and enable the protection of shared data associated with multiple users in OSN. A parental control is also provided to control the activities of kids in social network. |
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SVM Based Spatial Data Mining for Traffic Risk Analysis |
Author : Roopesh Kumar1,Diljeet Singh Chundawat2, Prabhat Kumar Singh3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- Extracting knowledge from spatial data like GIS data is important to reduce the data and extract information. GIS data also contains information about accidents at certain place and road conditions. Such data contains useful information for the traffic risk analysis. But such information are not directly present in the dataset. Hence spatial data mining technique is needed to extract knowledge from these databases. The previous work shows unpractical approach to multi- layer geo-data mining. That means the information from various sources are combined based on the data relation and data mining is performed on the relation. The efficiency of risk factor evaluation requires |
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Preheating of Biodiesel for the Improvement of the Performance Characteristics of Di Engine: A Review |
Author : Tushar R. Mohod1, S.S. Bhansali1, S.M. Moghe1, T.B. Kathoke1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :As an alternative fuel for compression ignition engines, biodiesels are the principle renewable and carbon neutral sources. The causes of technical problems arising from the use of various biodiesel are the high Surface Tension and the high viscosity. In case of the CI engine, high Surface Tension and viscosity attains improper homogeneity in charge and fuel atomization .This reduces the overall efficiency of the engine. Transesterification, pyrolysis are the processes generally performed in order to reduce the viscosity of biodiesel but still it is higher to that of the diesel. Thus preheating is the technique to decrease viscosity of the biodiesel. The preheating of biodiesel at different temperature as at 60°C, 90°C, 120°C, 150°C reduces the viscosity and surface tension which enhances better fuel injection and there by better fuel atomization. To increase the fraction of biodiesel in blends, it is required to reduce the viscosity by preheating. Preheating of biodiesel can be made in recupretors by using the exhaust gases’ special arrangement of recupretor and exhaust manifold are made for preheating. The preheating of biodiesel results in complete combustion of the biodiesel or fuel that results in decreased in amount of carbon dioxide ,carbon monoxide and particulate exhaust emission is also complete combustion of biodiesel and more cleaner exhaust can be obtained while elevated temperature of the fuel increases NOx emissions. |
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A Survey of Power Supply Techniques for Silicon Photo-Multiplier Biasing |
Author : R. Shukla1, P. Rakshe2, S. Lokhandwala1, S. Dugad1, P. Khandekar2, C. Garde2, S. Gupta1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In the past few years Silicon Photo-multiplier (SiPM) has emerged as a new detector in various applications due to its promising characteristics for low light detection. However SiPM has certain limitations out of which temperature dependence of gain is an important parameter which limits the application fields to temperature controlled or indoor environment. Change in temperature changes the breakdown voltage and hence the gain; therefore the biasing voltage needs to be trimmed according to temperature for maintaining the constant gain. This paper explores different power supply techniques that have been used for SiPM. Many commercial power supplies are compared and different approaches which are tried by various research groups for maintaining stable gain are discussed. |
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Review on Microstrip Patch Antennas using Metamaterials |
Author : Atul Kumar1, Nitin Kumar2, Dr. S.C. Gupta2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Microstrip patch antennas has many advantage due to light weight and small size, low cost but also have some disadvantage as low gain , narrow band width these are the two important parameters. This review paper describe how we can increase the performance of the patch antenna by using metamaterials or how we can improve the gain & bandwidth. Here we first provide the introduction of metamaterials and microstrip patch antenna after that describe the parameter of microstrip patch antenna which can improve by using metamaterials and discuss future scope and application of metamateriaIs |
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Similarity Solution for Unsteady MHD Flow near a Stagnation Point of a Three-Dimensional Porous Body with Heat and Mass Transfer, Using HPM |
Author : Vivek Kumar Sharma1, Aisha Rafi1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The problem of unsteady mixed convection heat and mass transfer near the stagnation point of a three-dimensional porous body in the presence of magnetic field, chemical reaction and heat source or sink is analyzed. Similarity transformation and Homotopy Perturbation Method are used to solve the transformed similarity equations in the boundary layer. Velocity distribution and temperature distribution are shown through graphs for various physical parameters and coefficients of skin friction and heat transfer are present through tables. |
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Analysis of a Regenerative Gas Turbine Cycle for Performance Evaluation |
Author : Rajiv Ranjan1, Dr. Mohammad Tariq |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The effect of a regenerative heat exchanger in a gas turbine is analyzed using a regenerative Brayton cycle model, where all fluid friction losses in the compressor is quantified by an isentropic efficiency term and all global irreversibilities in the heat exchanger are taken into account by means of an effective efficiency. This analysis, which generalizes that reported by Gordon and Huleihil for a simple, non-regenerative Brayton cycle, provides a theoretical tool for the selection of optimal operating conditions in a regenerative gas turbine for optimum value of compressor efficiency. Regenerative gas turbine engine cycle is presented that yields higher cycle efficiencies than simple cycle operating under the same conditions. The power output, efficiency and specific fuel consumption are simulated with respect to operating conditions. The analytical formulae about the relation to determine the thermal efficiency are derived taking into account the effected operating conditions (ambient temperature, compression ratio, regenerator effectiveness, compressor efficiency and turbine inlet temperature). Model calculations for a wide range of parameters are presented, as are comparisons with simple gas turbine cycle. The power output and thermal efficiency are found to be increasing with the regenerative effectiveness, and the compressor efficiency. The efficiency increased with increase the compression ratio to 15, then efficiency decreased with increased compression ratio, but in simple cycle the thermal efficiency always increases with increased in compression ratio. The increased in ambient temperature caused decreased thermal efficiency, but the increased in turbine inlet temperature increase thermal efficiency. |
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Effect of Humidity on the Efficiency of Solar Cell (photovoltaic) |
Author : Manoj Kumar Panjwani 1, Dr. Ghous Bukshsh Narejo1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Out of 100% energy coming from sun approximately 30% of the energy is either reflected back or is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. In cities where the humidity is more, like Karachi Mumbai, Malaga, Hamburg and Los Angles where in average humidity ranges in (40-78 %), results in a minimal layer of water vapor at the front solar cell directly facing Sun. The Solar energy which actually strikes the solar cell is subjected to loss in absorption/reflection of energy. There have been approximate losses of about 15-30% of the energy in addition to 30%. One of the effects that we found out after our experimental analysis was of the humidity that it brings down the utilization of solar energy approximately to 55-60% from just 70% approximately of utilized energy. |
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Counter ion Effects in AOT Systems and New Fluorocarbon- based Micro Emulsion Gels Counter Ion Effects in AOT Systems |
Author : Narjes Nakhostin Maher, Mohammad Ali Adelian |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Micro emulsions have important applications in various industries, including enhanced Oil recovery, reactions, separations, drug delivery, cosmetics and foods. We investigated Two different kinds of water-in-oil micro emulsion systems, AOT (bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) micro emulsions with various counter ions and per fluorocarbon-based Micro emulsion gels with triblock copolymers. In the AOT systems, we investigated the Viscosity and inter droplet interactions in Ca(AOT)2, Mg(AOT)2 and KAOT Micro emulsions, and compared our results with the commonly-studied NaAOT/water/decane system. We attribute the differences in behavior to different, hydration characteristics of the counter ions, and we believe that the results are consistent with a previously proposed charge fluctuation model. Per fluorocarbons (PFCs) are of Interest in a variety of biomedical applications as oxygen carriers. We have used triblock Copolymer Pluronic® F127 to modify the theology of PFC-based micro emulsions, we Have been able to form the rmoreversible PFOB (perfluorooctyl bromide)-based gels, and have investigated the phase stability, theology, microstructure, interactions, and gelation Mechanism using scattering, reometry, and microscopy. Finally, we attempted to use these data to understand the relationship between reology and structure in soft attractive Colloids. |
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Review Paper of Adaptive Work Performance Analysis of Turbojet Engines |
Author : Kamal Kumar Pradhan1, Bhoumika Sahu1, Hemrani Gajendra1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The review paper describes major designs of adaptive jet engines as well as their structural and operational advantages. Particular attention paid to a double-rotor engine designed by Pratt & Whitney, where a portion of air is bled from downstream of the compressor and then supplied to the area downstream the turbine when the engine is operated at its maximum performance (turbine bypass engine).Actual thermodynamic cycles of such engines and energy balance of flows. It was shown that real working cycles of these engines represent figures with variable surface areas, which is the reason for the second name of these units – engines with variable thermodynamic cycle. Engine parameters were measured in order to facilitate the recognition of incipient engine difficulties. In addition, a successful effort was made to operate the engines satisfactorily when they were severely damaged. The analysis has been conducted separately for internal and external channel. The sensitivity analysis for the working cycle makes it possible to select parameters that are potentially controllable and adjustable. To sum up the foregoing deliberations one has to state that operation of turbojet adaptive engines is the topic that needs much more investigation. Even the design solution of the engine itself, although being really exciting and promising, is troublesome in the aspects of the design and process engineering, and will lead to a series of operation and maintenance problems. |
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Influence of Fiber Length on the Tribological Behaviour of Short PALF Reinforced Bisphenol-A Composite |
Author : Supreeth S1, Vinod B2, Dr.L.J. Sudev3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In recent years, natural fiber reinforced composites have received increasing attention in light of the growing environmental awareness. The use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymeric composites for technical application has been a research subject of scientist. Among several natural fibers, Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is one that has good potential as reinforcement in polymer composite. PALF was extracted from raw pineapple leaf; it was then chemically treated and dried in hot air oven to hinder the water content. In the present work the composite specimens are prepared by using Bisphenol-A (BPA) as a matrix and the short PALF fiber with length < 15mm and 30% volume fraction as reinforcement. The composites were prepared by hand lay-up technique. The objective of the present work is to investigate the Tribological behavior of Short PALF reinforced Bisphenol-A composite. The composites reinforced with the fiber length of 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm & 14mm was subjected wear test. The wear behavior of the composites was performed using pin on disc machine at varying loads of 5N, 10N & 15N and at constant sliding distance, velocity and speed. The result shows that, the wear rate increases with increase in load for the composite specimen which has less interfacial bond strength. From this experimental study, it was observed that the fiber length greatly influences the wear properties of reinforced composites. |
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Evaluation of Under-Five Malaria Treatment in Sierra Leone: A Case Study Kenema District Hospital |
Author : Gegbe. B1, Kokofele I1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Malaria remains the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality in Sierra Leone, especially among young children, despite the strive to reduce the infection rates over the past decade, and if robust mechanism is not put in place, for the eradication of the disease then the notion would still be faced with challenges in controlling of malaria that may have greater effect on under-five children. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of under-five malaria treatments administered in the Kenema Government Hospital. The study was descriptive and designed to evaluate under-five malaria treatment using chi-square test. The researcher used 12274 reported cases of morbidity within the period 2010 to 2012 for under-five children and 385 were mortality cases (death cases as a result of malaria) and 11916 reported cases of those treated and recovered. The study was descriptive and designed to evaluate under-five malaria treatment using chi-square test. In 2012, there was a rapid increased of 42% in morbidity reported cases with 4028 cases reported which was almost five times the morbidity cases in 2010. It sounds alarming and worrisome for a district in the eastern part of Sierra Leone. It can be observed that the rate of morbidity cases was getting higher every year in under- five children in Kenema District. In 2012 there were 3897 under five children reported to survive out of 4072 morbidity cases which indicate 40% increased of survival for under- five children in the Kenema Government District Hospital. Again, from 2011 to 2012 the chances of survival for children were almost the same as chances of morbidity cases. Moving toward 2013, there were clear indications that the rate of morbidity may increase at a proportion equal to recovery rate. There is no significant defence between the morbidity and those treated and recovered (survived) which implies that the many challenges that were faced by this hospital management were overcame. These challenges may exist in the form of number of beds available, number of qualified doctors and nurses, use of appropriate and available drugs for the treatment of malaria etc. However in mist of these challenges the management was able to treat and recover a lot of cases though more morbidity cases waiting in queue |
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A Study of Page Replacement Algorithms |
Author : Anvita Saxena |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A virtual memory system requires efficient page replacement algorithms to make a decision which pages to evict from memory in case of a page fault. Many algorithms have been proposed for page replacement. Each algorithm is used to decide on which free page frame a page is placed and tries to minimize the page fault rate while incurring minimum overhead. As newer memory access patterns were explored, research mainly focused on formulating newer approaches to page replacement which could adapt to changing workloads. This paper attempts to summarize major page replacement algorithms. We look at the traditional algorithms such as Optimal replacement, LRU, FIFO and also study the recent approaches such as Aging, ARC, CAR. |
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Color Image Segmentation with Different Image Segmentation Techniques |
Author : Rupali B. Nirgude1, Shweta Jain1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This paper deals with different image segmentation techniques to enhance the quality of color images. The technique follows the principle of clustering and region merging algorithm. The system is combination various stages like histogram with hill climbing techniques; auto clustering includes k means clustering, the consistency test of regions, and automatic image segmentation using dynamic region merging algorithms. The different techniques of image segmentation include thresolding, clustering, region merging, region growing, color segmentation, motion segmentation and automatic image segmentation. This paper mention different methods for efficient segmentation which is combination of different algorithms. Here the given image gets converted into histogram. The histogram is graphical representation of input image. The peaks from histogram diagram are detected using hill climbing algorithm; this gives the rough number of clusters for the further steps. The clusters are form usingefficient K means clusteringalgorithm. The regions having homogenous or similar characteristics can be combining with the nearest neighbor algorithm and dynamic region merging algorithm .This segmentation technique is useful in field of image processing as well as advance medical use. |
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DGS Technique for Parameter Enhancement of MSA |
Author : SunilKumar Vats1, Hitanshu Saluja2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : In this paper parameters of the micro strip patch antenna (MSA) which is feed by co–axial feed technique is enhanced by using the DGS technique, and comparing the results of different DGS shapes with the original MSA antenna using the HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator), which is a commercially available electromagnetic simulator based on finite element method and adaptive meshing technique to achieve the desired specification. |
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Environmental Contamination By Radionuclides And Heavy Metals Through The Application Of Phosphate RocksDuring Farming And Mathematical Modeling Of Their Impacts To The Ecosystem |
Author : Meserecordias W. Lema1, Jasper N. Ijumba1, Karoli N. Njau1, Patrick A. Ndakidemi*1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Most of rock phosphates contain radioactive elements and heavy metals because theyoriginate from phosphate deposits. The application of these rock phosphates may result to the transfer of these dangerous materials into the ecosystem. Once these dangerous minerals become readily available for plants uptake and for animal consumptions, negative impacts may prevail, both to plants and animals esp. human beings.This review focuses on the environmental contamination by radioactive elements and heavy metals as a result of the application of rock phosphates during farming and the need to develop a mathematical model that can be used to predictthe associated impacts to the ecosystem. |
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Use of Phase Change Materials in Construction of Buildings: A Review |
Author : Pawan R. Ingole1, Tushar R Mohod2, Sagar S Gaddamwar2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Phase-change material (PCM) is a substance with a high heat of fusion which, on melting and solidifying at a certain temperature, is capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy. PCMs are regarded as a possible solution for reducing the energy consumption of buildings. For raising the building inertia and stabilizing the indoor climate, PCMs are more useful because of its nature of storing and releasing heat within a certain temperature range. In this paper, recent development in the field of using different types of PCMs with concrete, their incorporation and the influence of PCMs on the properties of concrete at the different stages are reviewed. |
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A Review on Detection of Motion in Real Time Images Using Pel Approach |
Author : 1Mr.Parveen Kumar (M.Tech Student), 2Mrs.Pooja Sharma (Astt.Prof.) |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Estimating the motion (or dynamics) manifested in a set of images or an image sequence is a fundamental problem in both image and video processing and computer vision. From a computer vision perspective, much of what is interpretable in this real-world scene is reflected in the apparent motion. For instance, estimating apparent motion in a video sequence provides necessary information for many applications including self-directed navigation, industrial process control, 3-D shape reconstruction, object recognition, robotic motion control, object tracing, and automatic image sequence analysis. In image and video processing, estimation of motion plays a dynamic role in video compression as well as multi-frame image enhancement. Unlike as they may seem, these many applications share one common thread in all such applications, demand is high for accurate estimates of motion requiring negligible computational cost. In this, a new technique called Motion Detection using Pixel Processing is proposed. This technique is based on pattern search algorithm, in which size is dynamically determined, based on the mean of two motion vectors of the neighboring macro-blocks instead of one as is the case with adaptive rood patter search. In this, we present enhancement based motion detection which will be implemented on MATLAB. |
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Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Using Hard Decision Fusion Scheme |
Author : Nikhil Arora1, Rita Mahajan1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Cooperative spectrum sensing using energy detection is the efficient method of detecting the spectrum holes in a particular band of interest or channel by combining the information gathered by multiple CR users. In this paper, we study the hard decision fusion scheme using Logical ‘AND’ and the Logical ‘OR’ rule and a brief introduction of Soft and Quantized fusion scheme. Simulation compares ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristics) curves for the above mentioned scheme. And it shows that the Logical ‘OR’ has better performance than the Logical ‘AND’ rule |
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Numerical Simulation for Heat Transfer Enchancement in a Triangular Ribbed Channel with Winglet Vortex Generators |
Author : 1Amit Garg, 2Sunil Dhingra |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Counter rotating longitudinal vortices produced by winglet in a channel is known to enhance heat transfer. In the present investigation, numerical simulation are performed to study forced convection heat transfer and friction loss behavior in a triangular ribbed channel with longitudinal winglet vortex generator for turbulent airflow through constant heat flux. The cross-section of the ribs placed inside the opposite channel walls to create a reverse flow is an isosceles triangle shape. The rib arrangement, is of staggered array, are introduced. Also, two pairs of the WVGs with various attack angles (a) of 600, 450 and 300 are mounted on the test duct entrance to create a longitudinal vortex flow through the test channel. Work are carried out for a rectangular duct of aspect ratio, AR = 10 and height, H = 30 mm with a single rib height, e/H = 0.13 and rib pitch, P/H = 1.33. The flow rate is in terms of Reynolds numbers based on the inlet hydraulic diameter of the channel ranging from 5200 to 22,000. The processes in solving the simulation consist of modeling and meshing the basic geometry using the package ANSYS-CFD. Then the boundary condition will be set before been simulate in Fluent based on the research paper’s experimental data. Finally result has been examined in CFD-Post. This work presents a numerically study on the mean Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal enhancement characteristics. The simulation results show a significant effect of the presence of the rib turbulator and the WVGs on the heat transfer rate and friction loss over the smooth wall channel. The values of Nusselts number and friction factor for utilizing both the rib and the WVGs are found to be considerably higher than those for using the rib or the WVGs alone. |
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New Unicast Routing Protocol Using Comparative Study of Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid protocols for MANET |
Author : Karan Sood1, Nagendra sah1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self-configuring networks of nodes connected via wireless without any form of centralized administration. This kind of networks is currently one of the most important research subjects, due to the huge variety of applications (emergency, military, etc...). In MANETs, each node acts both as host and as router, thus, it must be capable of forwarding packets to other nodes. Topologies of these networks change frequently. There are three main classes of routing protocols for MANETs: reactive, proactive and hybrid. By studying advantages and disadvantages of each one, a new hybrid routing protocol is proposed. The new scheme of protocol considers utilizing merits of both reactive and proactive protocols, and implements them as a hybrid approach. It allows that a mobile node flexibly runs either a proactive or a reactive routing protocol with its velocity and its traffic. The new routing protocol is evaluated qualitatively. To verify the feasibility, a performance comparison with other typical existing routing protocols[13] is discussed. |
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CFD Simulation of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Plain and Curved Winglet Type Vertex Generators with Punched Holes |
Author : Russi Kamboj*, Prof. Sunil Dhingra (Asst. Prof.), Prof.Gurjeet Singh (Asst. Prof.) |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :CFD simulations were carried out to investigate the performance of plane and curved trapezoidal winglet type vortex generators (VGs). Effects of shape of the VGs on heat transfer enhancement were evaluated using dimensionless numbers - j/j0, f/f0 andh =(j/j0)/(f/f0). The results showed that curved winglet type VGs have better heat transfer enhancement than plain winglet type in both laminar and turbulent flow regions. The punched holes really reduce the value of friction factor. The flow resistance is also lower in case of curved winglet type than corresponding plane winglet VGs.The best results for heat transfer enhancement is obtained at high Reynolds number values (Re > 10000) by using VGs.The processes in solving thesimulation consist of modeling and meshing the basicgeometry of rectangular channel with VGs using the package ANSYS ICEM CFD 14.0.Then the boundary condition will be set according to the experimental data available from the literature. Finally result has been examined inCFD-Post. This work presents a numerically study on themean Nusselt number, friction factor and heat enhancementcharacteristics in a rectangular channel having a pair of winglet type VGs under uniform heat flux of 416.67 W/m2. The results indicate the advantages of using curved winglet VGs with punched holes for heat transfer enhancement |
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Design Consideration in an Automatic Can/Plastic Bottle Crusher Machine |
Author : Vishal N. Kshirsagar1, Dr. S..K Choudhary2, Prof. A.P Ninawe2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This paper describes about the design of various components of can or plastic bottle crusher machine. This machine is widely used in beverage industries or in scrap dealers shop to reduce the volume of the cans/bottles. Hence in this design of various parts are necessary, and design of various parts due to which the design quality of those parts will be improved. There are so many researchers who have done work on design and analysis also, but still there are so many areas of scope regarding this design. Overall, this project involves processes like design, fabrication and assembling of different components etc. After all process has been done, this crusher may help us to understand the fabrication and designing that involved in this project. |
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The Transition of Phrase based to Factored based Translation for Tamil language in SMT Systems |
Author : Dr. Ananthi Sheshasaayee1, Angela Deepa. V.R2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— Machine translation is one of the major and the most active areas of Natural language processing. Machine translation (MT) is an automatic translation of one natural language into another using computer generated instructions. The utility and power of Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) seems destined to change our technological society in profound and fundamental ways. The current state-of-the-art approach to statistical machine translation,so-called phrase-based models is limited to linguistic information.For a highly agglutinative languages like Tamil developing a linguistic tools and machine translation system is a challenging task. Therefore, extending the phrase-based to factored based approach by tightly integrating additional annotation information at the word level which encompass not only of tokens but a vector of factor representating the levels of annotation. The additional linguistically features enabled in the toll will increase the accuracy of the SMT systems. This paper motivates the use of factored translation models for statistical machine translation systems for better reliable translation for highly morphological languages like Tamil. |
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Implementation of dual axis solar tracker model by using microcontroller |
Author : Mr. Vishal Bhote1, Prof. Jaikaran Singh2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :As we are in increasing demand of power these days, power sector has been playing a vital role in our day today life. Heading towards the damp increasing power, solar energy comes to the picture or in our mind why because it is one of the most important renewable energy sources on the earth which must be collected and should be utilized to its maximum efficiency. Considering the utilization of solar power we have tried to develop a dual axis model of a solar panel which can provide or utilize the maximum solar power headed by the practical efficiency. Experimental designs proved that solar energy utilization can easily solve the problem of power in the world if used to its maximum. The single axis model have reached up to 50% efficiency and we have tried to increase the efficiency again by 20-30%.This paper describes the design of a dual axis model of solar panel which tracks the maximum solar energy with the help of microcontroller. No doubt our system encircled by solar panel, microcontroller, gears, sensors and stepper motor. |
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SNM Analysis of Sram Cells at 45nm, 32nm and 22nm Technology |
Author : Gourav Arora1, Poonam2, Anurag Singh3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :High Read and Write Noise Margin is one of the important challenges of SRAM design. This paper analyzes the read stability and write ability of 6T and 7T SRAM cell structures at different technologies. SRAM cell stability analysis is typically based on Static Noise Margin (SNM) investigation and SNM affects both read and write margin. This paper represents the simulation of both SRAM cells and their comparative analysis on the basis of RNM and WNM. The 7T SRAM cell provide higher read and write noise margin as compared to 6T SRAM cell at different technologies. All simulations of SRAM cells have been carried out on 45nm, 32nm and 22nm CMOS technology at Tanner EDA tool. |
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A Study on Automobile Air-Conditioning Based on Absorption Refrigeration System Using Exhaust Heat of a Vehicle |
Author : S.S.Mathapati1, Mudit Gupta2, Sagar Dalimkar2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :– Energy from an exhaust of an internal combustion engine is used to power an absorption refrigeration systemto air- condition an ordinary passenger vehicle. Feasibility study has been done to find out the energy available from exhaust gas of a vehicle. Cooling load for the automobile has been estimated. In this paper theoretical evaluation ofLiBr-Water based absorption refrigeration system is presented. Mathematical modeling of system using EES software is done, Alsoeffects on COP of system with change in different parameters has been studied. |
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Analysis and Control of Three Phase Multi level Inverters with Sinusoidal PWM Feeding Balanced Loads Using MATLAB |
Author : Rajesh Kumar Ahuja 1, Amit Kumar 2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Multi level inverters are becoming very attractive for industries due to their high power rating, high voltage rating and high efficiency is achieved without transformer. These also improves the overall performance of the system as these produces fewer harmonics. As the number of levels increases the quality of voltage waveform is also increases. In this paper the analysis of Three Phase Diode Clamped Multi Level Inverter has been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink for different levels (3, 5 and 7) at varying loads. Diode-Clamped topology for Multi level inverter (DC-MLI) for different levels are analyzed in the terms of THD contents for output voltage and as well in output current. Sinusoidal PWM Technique is used to generate the gate pulses. The simulation of three phase three level, five level and seven level inverters is done in Matlab/Simulink. |
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Microstrip Transmission Line Sensor for Rice Quality Detection: An Overview |
Author : Dinesh Kumar Singh1, Prateek Kumar2, Naved Zafar Rizvi3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This paper describes the comparative analysis of different types of microstrip transmission sensor for rice quality detection. Basically the cylindrical slot antenna and microstrip line based structure have been discussed. This paper shows focus on the advantage and tremendous characteristics of microstrip couple line sensor over the other microwave sensors and the substantial amount of efficiency has been achieved by the use of Coupled line filter approach. The analysis on the basis of various parameters like, characteristics impedance, microstrip width and dielectric constant of the substrate, modes of reflection coefficient, insertion loss, radiation, moisture content in rice grain, and the frequency applied. By applying the different principles and methods and finally with Vector Network Analyzer the reflection coefficient measurement reading give us the measurement of broken rice. |
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Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Synthesis, Properties and Applications |
Author : Kalpna Varshney |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000. These cylindrical carbon molecules have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology. Formally derived from the grapheme sheet they exhibit unusual mechanical properties such as high toughness and high elastic moduli. Referring to their electronic structure, they exhibit semiconducting as well as metallic behavior and thus cover the full range of properties important for technology. Nanotubes are categorized as single-walled nanotubes and multiple walled nanotubes. Techniques have been developed to produce Nanotubes in sizeable quantities, including arc discharge, laser ablation, chemical vapor deposition, silane solution method and flame synthesis method. The properties and characteristics of CNTs are still being researched heavily and scientists have barely begun to tap the potential of these structures. Without doubt, carbon nanotubes represent a material that offers great potential, bringing with it the possibility of breakthroughs in a new generation of devices, electric equipment and bio fields. Overall, recent studies regarding CNTs have shown a very promising glimpse of what lies ahead in the future of CNTs in nanotechnology, optics, electronics, and other fields of materials science. |
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Application of Response Surface methodology (RSM) for the Removal of Nickel Using Rice Husk ASH as Biosorbent |
Author : Sravan Kumar Danda1, Ch. V. Ramachandramurthy2, K.Dayana3, Ch.V.N.Sowjanya1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : The Rice Husk Ash is a cheap and readily available biosorbent for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions. This investigation comprises of the equilibrium and kinetics study for biosorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions using Rice Husk Ash powder as a biosorbent in a batch process. The Rice Husk Ash is obtained from a hotel near Andhra University campus, is dried in sunlight for 15 days. The biosorption process is carried out in batch process by varying four parameters: pH, Dosage, Concentration and Temperature of the solution of the process. The results indicate that biosorption of nickel is increased with an increase in biosorbent dosage. A significant increase in percentage biosorption of nickel is observed as pH is increased from 2 to 5 and the percentage biosorption decreased beyond pH 5. Increased initial concentration of nickel in the aqueous solution resulted in lower percentage of biosorption. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models describe the present data very well indicating favorable biosorption. The biosorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The present study involves the use of statistical design to optimize process conditions for maximal biosorption of nickel from aqueous solution using BBD involving RSM Hence the Rice Husk Ash is highly effective as biosorbent for biosorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions and can be appreciably considered as most versatile, economical, feasible and efficient biosorbent for biosorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions. |
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Comprehensive bandwidth by Dielectric Resonator Antenna |
Author : Pragya Soni |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A novel technique for producing enhanced band width in micro and mm wave region of spectrum is presented. A new design of compact & broadband leaky wave dielectric resonator antenna is proposed using co-axially probe feed technique. Two different LWDRA are designed and their characteristic behaviors are compared. Finally, parametric study of Second Antenna has been done. With the proper design the resonant behavior of the antenna is found, over which the leaky wave DRA produces extended bandwidth. |
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Record Values from Size-Biased Pareto Distribution and a Characterization |
Author : Shakila Bashir1, Munir Ahmad2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In this paper upper record values from the size-biased Pareto distribution(S-BPD) are studied. Several distributional properties of upper record values from the size-biased Pareto distribution, including probability density function(pdf), cumulative distribution function(cdf), moments, entropy, inverse/negative moments, relations between negative and positive moments, median, mode, joint and conditional pdfs, conditional mean and variance, have been derived. The reliability measures of the upper record values from the S-BPD such as survival function, hazard rate function, cumulative hazard rate function and reversed hazard rate are also discussed. A characterization of the S-BPD based on the conditional expectation of record values is given. |
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An Investigation on Behavior of Centrally Loaded Shallow Foundation on Sand Bed Reinforced with Geogrid |
Author : S.Panda1, N.H.S Ray2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : The study pertains to the investigation of the effect of embedment on the load carrying capacity and settlement of strip foundations on sand reinforced with geogrids. Geogrid being an inextensible reinforcing material is widely used all over the world mainly for retaining walls, abutments slope protection and below the foundation in poor soil. Some research works have been done the investigators regarding the optimum placement of geogrids below surface footing however, the work on centrally loaded embedded foundations reinforced with multilayer of geogrids have not been reported in literature. Therefore in this paper attention is being paid to the load carrying capacity and settlement behavior of centrally loaded embedded footing reinforced with multilayer of gerogrids. Load tests have been carried out for this purpose. Strip foundations are considered and loads were being applied through electrically operated hydraulic jack for greater accuracy. Enkogrid @ PRO-40 has been used at the reinforced material and sand as the medium. The studies conducted show 1. In centrally loaded surface footing the load carrying capacity is increased to about 3.55 times by providing geogrid as reinforcement. The load carrying capacity the reinforced soil increases with increase in the depth of embedment while these decrease in settlement because of placement of geogrid. 2. The number of layers of geogrid has significant effect on load carrying capacity and settlement of foundations. Decrease in the layer of geogrid decreases the load carrying capacity and increases the settlement of foundation. |
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Analysis of Liver MR Images for Cancer Detection using Genetic Algorithm |
Author : Yamini Upadhyay1, Vikas Wasson1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- Image segmentation denotes a process by which a raw input image is partitioned into non-overlapping regions such that each region is homogenous and connected. This paper directly deals with locating and thus measuring the size of cancer affected area. It also proposes to reduce the time and manual efforts included in studying the MR images of the patient, thus saving the precious time of the doctors. The aim of this paper is to simplify the obnoxious study problems related to the study of MR images. Over the time, study of MR images related to cancer detection in the liver or abdominal area has been difficult. The reason is countered as the shape complexity and over lapping of liver with other organs. Watershed technique has been used as the base technique to compare the results with the proposed technique Genetic algorithm. A tabular comparative analysis has been given on the bases of results of both the techniques. |
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Design of MEMS Based Elecrostatically Controlled Micromirror Using COMSOL Multiphysics |
Author : Pooja Bansal# , Anurag Singh* |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- In this paper, we have addressed the Design and simulation results of an electrostatically controlled micro mirror using COMSOL multiphysics Software. The structural mechanical properties of the actuation mechanism of a square shape micro-mirror with the lift-off of the structure used four springs simulating a prestressed cantilever beam. There are few base materials were introduced like Alumina, Aluminum 3003 H18, Copper and Aluminum. To make the leg or cantilever more efficient the Steel AISI 4340 was introduced together with base materials to further reduce the lift-off stress. From the analysis, we concluded that the best material combination is Aluminum 3003-H18 + Steel AISI 4340 which have less stress level and desired lift-off stress. Another important parameter have to measure in this structure is generally what prestress level is necessary to result in a desired lift-off. |
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Comparative Study of type-1 and Type-2 Fuzzy Systems |
Author : Neetu Gupta 1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :TYPE-2 fuzzy sets (T2 FSs), originally introduced by Zadeh [3], provide additional design degrees of freedom in Mamdani and TSK fuzzy logic systems (FLSs), which can be very useful when such systems are used in situations where lots of uncertainties are present [4]. The implementation of this type-2 FLS involves the operations of fuzzification, inference,and output processing. We focus on “output processing,” which consists of type reduction defuzzification. Type-reduction methods are extended versions of type-1 defuzzification methods. In this paper we represent a comparision of dirrerent techniques of fuzzy logic systems. |
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Numerical Differential Protection of Power Transformer using Walsh Hadamard Transform and Block Pulse Function Based Algorithm |
Author : Kumari Rashmi1, Dr. Ramesh Kumar2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In this paper, application of Walsh Hadamard transform and Block pulse function have been described for numerical protection of power transformer. Numerical relay algorithms are developed to extract fundamental, second and fifth harmonic components. These components are further used for harmonic restraint differential protection of power transformers. In comparison with Walsh Hadamard transform, block pulse function based method is computationally simple and flexible to use with any sampling frequency. Different graphs are plotted and compared for Walsh Hadamard transform and block pulse function based methods for Inrush, Over-excitation and internal fault conditions. Simulated results indicate that the block pulse function algorithm can provide fast and reliable trip decisions. |
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Study and Analysis of Flow of an In-compressible Fluid past an Obstruction |
Author : 1Deepak Kumar |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— In present work, the time independent laminar flow of a viscous, incompressible fluid in two dimensions flow has been studied. The fluid had been allowed to flow in a channel with an obstruction which was a rectangular plate of definite dimensions. The flow of water had been considered to be steady with uniform incident velocity with various boundary conditions. The resulting Navier- Stokes equations had been solved with the help of software “FLEX PDE”. Reynolds number had been varied as 10, 50, 100 and variation of streamlines, velocity, and pressure along with flow pattern in the form of velocity vector had been investigated. |
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Future Forecast Sale of Electronic Devices AsE-waste |
Author : 1Aditya Kumar Gautam, 2Amanjot Singh |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Electrical and electronic equipment’s which become obsolete comes under the category of e-waste. The technical advancement in the society which keeps updated at greater pace creates the problem in handling any of the electronic or electrical device even before becoming an obsolete. This paper includes the predication of amount of E-waste growing trend up to 2020 year. The amount of E-waste generated is increasing at higher rate annually and if not treated properly will not only impact on environment but also on human lives. Future forecasting of sale of electronic devices indicates the amount of e waste to be generated in the upcoming years |
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Ram Control Block of Vector Display Processor |
Author : N. Agarwala1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Vector Display Processor allows efficient encoding of topology, and as a result more efficient operations that require topological information can be done, e.g. proximity, network analysis. [1] In this work, a Ram control block has been designed which is a part of Vector Display Processor and the block is synthesized with the test bench and the generating simulation waveform was checked for the inputs and outputs. |
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Ultra Wide Band Filter from Defected Ground Structures as Complementary Split Ring Resonator by with Simultaneously Double Negative Permittivity ε and permeability µ |
Author : Cherinet Seboka Ambaye1,2, Guoping Zhang 1, Yunhu Wu1,3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In this paper, a metamerial of a single resonator operating between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz frequency range is designed for developing ultra-wide band (UWB) filter. During UWB filter designing in CST microwave simulation, defected ground structure (DGS) in the form of complimentary split ring resonator (CSRR) is printed on the metallic plate and strip of wire mounted up on dielectric substrate so that simultaneously double negative permittivity (ε<0) and permeability (µ<0) are extracted. From the simulation result, the transmission UWB bandpass filter having transmission and fractional bandwidth of the transmission is about 2.48 GHz and 27.46% respectively satisfying the minimum requirement of FCC proposal at -10 dB transmission bandwidth |
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TCP Traffic Based Performance Comparison of Manet Routing Protocol |
Author : Dinesh Kumar1, Mr. Anil Yadav 2,Dr. Mukesh Sharma3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In Mobile Ad hoc network (MANETS), no fixed infrastructure is available. Different wireless hosts are free to move from one location to another without any centralized administration, so, the topology changes rapidly or unpredictably. Every node operates as router as well as an end system. Routing in MANETs has been a challenging task ever since the wireless networks came into existence. The major reason for this is continues changes in network topology because of high degree of node mobility. The MANET routing protocols have mainly two classes: Proactive routing (or table-driven routing) protocols and Reactive routing (or on-demand routing) protocols. In this paper, we have analyzed various Random based mobility models: Random Waypoint model, Random Walk model, Random Direction model and Probabilistic Random Walk model using AODV and DSDV protocols in Network Simulator (NS 2.35). The performance comparison of MANET mobility models have been analyzed by varying number of nodes, type of traffic (CBR, TCP) and maximum speed of nodes. The comparative conclusions are drawn on the basis of various performance metrics such as: Routing Overhead (packets), Packet Delivery Fraction (%), Normalized Routing Load, Average End-to-End Delay (milliseconds) and Packet Loss (%). |
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Detection of High Rate STBC in Frequency Selective m- Nakagami Fading Environment |
Author : Devendra Kumar1, Nandkishor S Vansdadiya1, Amit Kumar Kohli1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :In this article, we concerned with the performance of high rate space time block code (STBC) scheme for Frequency selective fading Environment. Due to large channel delay spread in Frequency selective channel inter symbol interference (ISI) occurred. In high rate STBC, ISI occurs due to loss of ‘quasi – static’ assumption and Classical Zero forcing (ZF) receiver produces error floor in Bit error rate (BER) performance. In this article we evaluate and proposed low Complexity Zero forcing which reduce the complexity of receiver for detection of high rate STBC and evaluate the performance in m–Nakagami fading environment. |
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Design of a Focused Crawler Based on Dynamic Computation of Topic Specific Weight Table |
Author : Meenu 1, Priyanka Singla1, Rakesh Batra1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Focused Crawler aims to select relevant web pages from internet. These pages are relevant to some predefined topics. Previous focused crawlers have a problem of not keeping track of user interest and goals .The topic weight table is calculated only once statically and that is less sensitive to potential changes in environment. To address this problem we design a focused crawler based on dynamic computation of topic keywords and their weights. This weight table is constructed according to user query. To check the similarity of web page with respect to the topic keywords, a cosine similarity function is used and priority of extracted links is calculated. |
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Development of Canned Cycle for CNC Milling Machine |
Author : S.N Sheth1, Prof. A.N.Rathour2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Despite the tremendous development in CNC programming facilities, linear and circular cuts parallel to the coordinate planes continue to be the standard motions of modern CNC machines. However, the increasing industrial demand for parts with intricate shapes cannot be satisfied with only these standard motions. The proportion of parts which are not covered by the standard CNC motions is certainly growing, due to the increasing industrial demand for intricate shapes. So for that we have decided to develop a new CANNED cycle with the help of MACRO (parametric) programming on Hypo cycloid, combined EP-hypo cycloid curve and last for Bezier surface also. we found that this canned cycle would be useful for different application such as cycloidal speed reducer, lobe pump rotor and surface milling without requiring external arrangement like CAD modeling, CNC interpolator etc. |
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Design of High Speed Multiplier using Vedic Mathematics |
Author : Surbhi Bhardwaj1, Ashwin Singh Dodan1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : With the advancement of technology, a processor is required to have high speed. Multiplication is a critical operation of Digital Signal processing(DSP) applications(like DFT, FFT, convolution etc), Arithmetic and logic unit(ALU), and Multiply and Accumulate(MAC) unit(which is basically a multiplier itself). High Speed Multiplication is thus an essential requirement to increase the performance of processor. In this paper, we are presenting a multiplier, in which the basic multiplication is performed using one of the techniques of Vedic Mathematics, and the accumulation of partial products is done using a specific design. Both the design and the vedic technique, results in a high speed multiplier. Vedic Mathematics is based on 16 sutras, out of which we are using "Urdhva triyagbhyam" sutra. In this technique intermediate products are generated in parallel, that makes multiplication faster. We have synthesized our design using Xilinx ISE tool and compared its speed with "Modified Booth Wallace Multiplier", "High speed Vedic Multiplier" by Ramesh Pushpangadam and "Vedic Mathematics based Multiply Accumulate Unit" by Kabiraj Sethi. Our proposed Design seems to have better speed. |
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Microstrip Patch Yagi-Uda Array for Millimeter Wave Applications |
Author : Mahesh Kumar Aghwariya |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :This paper presents a novel design of microstrip Yagi-Uda array. This proposed design has been simulated at frequency of 6.95 GHz. CST MW Studio software is used for Simulation of Yagi Uda array. Unlike conventional design of Yagi Uda array, In this design reflector, director and driven element of Yagi Uda array is designed by using microstrip patches of different dimensions with supporting dielectric FR-4 lossy at height 1.6mm and loss tangent of 0.02. It achieves very high gain and effective radiation efficiency. Moreover Return loss of antenna is very less. This Yagi-Uda antenna shows very good compatibility with microwave circuitry. |
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Modeling and Characterization of Tunable Piezoelectric Actuator |
Author : Meenu Pruthi1, Anurag Singh2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :The hub of this paper to study the effect resonance frequency of piezoelectric MEMS. The modeling and characterization of piezoelectric resonator using COMSOL Multiphysics. An investigative relation was developed based on the shift in resonance frequency caused by the addition of a different material on the PZT. The theoretical analysis is done with a user-friendly SPICE Circuit Editor interface constructed for easy introduction of design dimensions , material parameter values and force signal stimuli. A piezoelectic device can actutate a cantniliver beam simply by applying an AC voltage over the device.The cantilever beam itself has resonant modes that causes peaks in vibrations when the frequency of applied voltage passes the resonance frequency of each mode .If another piezoelectric device is attached to the cantilever, it is possible to tune the resonance by connecting that device to a passive external circuit.In this model, different materials are used for designing o tunable actuator. We have observed the graph between displacement and frequency of various materials. And the best material found from analysis is Lead Zirconate Titanate. This model investigates how the external circuit influence the resonance peaks of cantilever beam and also improve the quality. |
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Active Cardiac Model and its Application on Structure Revealing from Fetal Ultrasound Sequence |
Author : Manikandan. M1, Prof.S.Prabakar2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A fetal cardiac defect is one of the most high risk fetal congenital anomalies and is also one of the primary reasons for the death of the newborn. The fetal heart structure detection from is important for diagnosis of the fetuses which is difficult due to the small size of the initial level of the fetuses. Fetal heart abnormalities are the most common congenital anomalies and also the leading cause infant mortality related to birth defects. A novel method is proposed for the detection of fetal heart structure from ultrasound images. An initial pre-processing is done for removal of noise and enhances the noiseless images. Level set method is applied to the sequence of fetal ultrasound images to segment the region of interest. However to observe the outflows tracts successfully requires special training in fetal cardiac image is known as an active appearance model, which is used to designed and trained using ultrasound sequences which efficiently extract the cardiac structure from an input image. The developing methods are efficient which has been verified, validated and appreciated by the doctors. |
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Effect of Fiber Orientations on Tribological Behaviour of PALF Reinforced Bisphenol-A Composite |
Author : Manu Prasad .M .P1, Vinod. B2, Dr. L.J. Sudev3 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :— Ironically, despite the growing familiarity with composite materials and ever-increasing range of applications, use of natural fibers as reinforcement in polymeric composites for technical application has been a research subject of scientist. Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement in polymer composite. In this present work, an experimental study has been conducted to determine the effect of fiber orientation, namely, unidirectional, bidirectional and 45º orientation on specific wear rate and frictional coefficient of PALF reinforced Bisphenol-A (BPA) composite by using a pin-on-disc wear and frictional testing machine. The wear samples are slided against stainless steel disc by varying loads of 5N, 10N & 15 N under constant sliding distance, velocity, speed and dry conditions. It is found that the wear resistance of pure Bisphenol-A resin is improved after PALF reinforcement. Among three types of fiber orientation in composite, bidirectional composite shows least specific wear rate and coefficient of friction. |
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Comprehensive bandwidth by Dielectric Resonator Antenna |
Author : Pragya Soni |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A novel technique for producing enhanced band width in micro and mm wave region of spectrum is presented. A new design of compact & broadband leaky wave dielectric resonator antenna is proposed using co-axially probe feed technique. Two different LWDRA are designed and their characteristic behaviors are compared. Finally, parametric study of Second Antenna has been done. With the proper design the resonant behavior of the antenna is found, over which the leaky wave DRA produces extended bandwidth. |
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A New Car Selection in the Market using TOPSIS Technique |
Author : Srikrishna S1, Sreenivasulu Reddy. A1, Vani S1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Now days purchasing of automobiles i.e, especially cars in the market is very tough task to the customers due to day to day changes in various technical and operational parameter specifications like style, life span, fuel economy, suspension and cost etc. Therefore to overcome from this confusion state some selection procedure techniques are required. TOPSIS is one the selection procedure technique is adopted for this problem. This technique provides a base for decision-making processes where there are limited numbers of choices but each has large number of attributes. In this paper some cars are considered with different attributes and select the best car using TOPSIS technique. |
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Applications of MATLAB’s Toolbox to Recognize Handwritten Characters Part 2: Experimental Results |
Author : 1Pallavi Aggarwal, Yashasvi Rawal |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Handwritten character recognition is a challenging task in the field of research on image processing, artificial intelligence as well as machine vision since the handwriting varies from person to person. Moreover, the handwriting styles, sizes and its orientation make it even more complex to interpret the text. The numerous applications of handwritten text in reading bank cheques, Zip Code recognition and in removing the problem of handling documents manually has made it necessary to acquire digitally formatted data. This paper presents the recognition of handwritten characters using either a scanned document, or direct acquisition of image using Matlab, followed by the implementation of various other Matlab toolboxes like Image Processing and Neural Network Toolbox to process the scanned or acquired image. Experimental Results are given to present the proposed model in order to recognize handwritten characters accurately. |
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Review on Relay Node Placement Techniques to Increase System Capacity in WSN |
Author : Baldeep Kaur Brar1, Abhilasha2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- A wireless sensor network consists of sensor nodes which are capable to perform sensing, computation and transmission. These sensor nodes have limited battery power which is difficult to replace due to hostile environment. Therefore to increase the lifetime of wireless sensor network, it is required to develop such techniques to consume lesser energy. Less consumption of overall energy of the network results in increase in the system capacity. One of these techniques is to deploy some relay nodes to communicate with the sensor nodes, other relay nodes and the base stations. The relay node placement problem for wireless sensor networks is concerned with placing the minimum number of relay nodes into the wireless sensor network to meet certain connectivity requirements |
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Comprehensive bandwidth by Dielectric Resonator Antenna |
Author : Pragya Soni |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :A novel technique for producing enhanced band width in micro and mm wave region of spectrum is presented. A new design of compact & broadband leaky wave dielectric resonator antenna is proposed using co-axially probe feed technique. Two different LWDRA are designed and their characteristic behaviors are compared. Finally, parametric study of Second Antenna has been done. With the proper design the resonant behavior of the antenna is found, over which the leaky wave DRA produces extended bandwidth. |
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Performance Analysis of medical Image Using Fractal Image Compression |
Author : Akhil Singal1, Rajni2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :Fractal Image Compression is a new technique in image compression field by using a contractive transform for which the fixed points are closed to that of original image. This broad field incorporates in itself a very large numbers of coding schemes, which have been published after being explored in this field. The paper gives and introduction and experimental results on Image Coding based on Fractals and different techniques used that can be used for the image compression |
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Biometric Template Feature Extraction and Matching Using ISEF Edge Detection and Contouring Based Algorithm |
Author : Deven Trivedi1, Rohit Thanki1, Ashish Kothari2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : In present world, biometric base authentication system is used by many agencies for security purpose. Use of important characteristics of biometric based authentication system become so popular because every human presents unique biometric characteristics and biometric recognition done automatically. Biometric authentication system is divided into four steps like biometric template acquisition using sensor, feature extraction, template matching and decision about authentication. In this paper, we are described new approach for biometric template feature extraction and template matching using combination of ISEF edge detection and contour based biometric recognition algorithm. We have explored infinite symmetric exponential filter properties of ISEF algorithm on iris biometric template which is applicable on particular edges points of template. This proposed approach has been applicable on fingerprint, iris, and face biometric template of human. This proposed approach has applied on iris biometric template because of less algorithm is available in literature for iris biometric recognition because of popularity of iris biometric template used for human identification. |
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Design of Cache Memory Cell for Leakage Power Reduction |
Author : Anil Kumar Gautam1, Mahesh Kumar Aghwariya1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : This paper represents a successful comparison of 5T cell with 6T cell. Leakage power of conventional 6T cell at 0.18 µm technology has been calculated and is found to be 37.32 pW. Same technology has been implemented on the 5T cell , by which leakage power has been reduced by 37.59%.Various leakage reduction techniques such as Autobackgate Controlled Multi-threshold CMOS (ABC-MTCMOS), Gated VDD and Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) has been discussed and applied on conventional 6T cache memory cell and same has been apply on 5T cell and compared. Mentor graphics software is for the simulation of the above mentioned SRAM cell |
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Novel Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles in Room- Temperature Ionic Liquids |
Author : K. Rajathi1, A. Rajendran2 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract :- Stable silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by chemical reduction of silver nitrate in ionic liquids 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Emim] BF4 and 1- Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Emim] PF6 at room temperature. The characterization of the silver nanoparticles such as their size and shape was performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques which indicated a size range of 50 to 55 nm. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles for three gram negative bacteria and three gram positive bacteria were investigated. It appeared that [Emim] PF6 and its Ag nanoparticles are the most effective products against the tested bacterial stains compared with [Emim] BF4 and its Ag nanoparticles. |
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Study of Different Risk Management Model and Risk Knowledge acquisition with WEKA |
Author : Kiranpreet Kaur1, Amandeep Kaur1, Rupinder Kaur1 |
Abstract | Full Text |
Abstract : Software risks can be defined as uncertainty and loss in project process. Software risk management consists of risk identification, estimation, refinement, mitigation, monitoring and maintenance steps. In this paper,the main focus is on different risk management model and the importance of automated tools in risk managementt. With the automated risk management tool, the prediction of project problem effects that can cause loss in software project in terms of their values on risk factors and rank the risk factors to observe how they can give detail about project problem effects separately. For these purpose five classification methods for prediction of problem impact and two filter feature selection methods for ranking importance of risk factors are used in this study. |
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