Psychiatric disorders are often reflected in physical symptoms. However, nearly all physical illnesses are accompanied by mental symptoms. Also, it is generally argued that mental function disorders and stress underlie the etiology of physical illnesses. Although modern science has defined in details all the functions of the body including the brain, some areas are not fully understood yet. Philosophical answers may shed light into those dark areas while trying to understand the entity and human.

In this paper, we tried to explain, what can eventually be the underlying mechanisms of ECT, TMS, tDCS and similar techniques. And tried to explain how, by making some slight changes in the use of the EMW (electromagnetically induced wave) devices, and by integrating them with psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies, we can either better understand their real effectiveness and, design better therapeutic strategies, and increase their positive results. So far, it seems that because of the implemented insufficient designs, either in evaluating the results or, in planning their applications, their positive effects, do not seem to be fully discovered yet

Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been associated with extrapyramidal dysfunction manifesting as parkinsonism, dystonia, tremor, and akathisia. Here, we describe a old female patient with a diagnosis of moderate depressive episode who developed tremor with sertraline in the absence of concurrent prescription of medications, which have potential action on the dopaminergic system and whose symptoms resolved after the drug was discontinued.

Wavelet theory is a widely used feature extraction method for raw electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing. The nature of the EEG signal is non-stationary, therefore applying wavelet transform on EEG signals is a valuable process for extraction promising features. On the other hand, determining the proper wavelet family is a challenging step to get the best fitted features for high classification accuracy. In this paper, therefore, we focused on a comparative study of different Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) methods to find the most convenient wavelet function of wavelet families for a non-stationary EEG signal analysis to be used to classify mental tasks. For the classification process, four different mental tasks were selected to and we grouped each with another one to set dual tasked sets including all possible combinations. Feature extraction steps are performed using wavelet functions haar, coiflets (order 1), biorthogonal (order 6.8), reverse biorthogonal (order 6.8), daubechies (order 2) and, daubechies (order 4). Later, a specific feature reduction formula is applied to the extracted feature vector. Generated feature vector is then split into train and test data before the classification. Artificial neural network was used for classification of the extracted feature sets. From the result of the repeated analysis for each DWT methods, Coiflets performed relatively better compared to other wavelet families.

Gestational stress has been extensively studied in order to clarify its effects on behavioral and neurodevelopmental in both mother and offspring. Our study was deflected to investigate the pregestational psychological stress, the relationship between parameters of the immune system and the neurobehavioral changes (spatial memory). The stress was applied in female albino wistar rats, were submitted to chronic restraint stress for 1h/day for 4 days a week during 5 weeks before gestation. The behavior of rats and offspring was assessed in the Morris water maze test and the immune system by measuring the plasma concentration of IgG, which are the only immunoglobulin able to cross the placenta. Our results showed a change in the concentration of IgG, immune system cells and disturbance of spatial memory (Morris water maze).

Chronic pain has various forms such as inflammatory pain, visceral pain, headache, disk-related pain, neuropathic pain, cancer pain. Although the biological basis of chronic pain is related to vulnerability, it continues with behavioral and psychological components. In the context of multimodal interventions, interventions other than systemic pharmacologic treatments for chronic pain are also present. Besides interventional approaches; there are several noninvasive options including cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, relaxation therapy, physical therapy, thermal applications, spinal cord stimulation and transcutaneous electrical stimulation. The neuroscientific approach to pain can only be achieved by combining physical and mental components of the pain with neuroscience

This single-subject study studied the ability of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to discern normal visual condition compared to feigned visual loss and induced-refractive blur condition. Under the normal binocular vision condition, activation of the parieto-occipital area reflected normal patterns of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the visual pathway. During the feigned/functional visual loss and refractive-induced blur condition, there was hypoactivation in the parieto-occipital visual pathway. This study showed that the subject could strongly influence the fMRI results, thus, further investigation and protocol refinement are needed to maximize the ability of fMRI to reliably serve as a clinical diagnostic tool in individual functional patients.