According to National Bureau of Economic Research (NEBR) the recession in United States begins from December, 2007 and much greater intensity since September 2008. The industrialized world has been undergoing a recession, a pronounced deceleration of economic activity. This global recession has been taking place in an economic environment characterized by various imbalances and was sparked by the outbreak of the financial crisis of 2007–2009. Although the late-2000s recession has at times been referred to as "the Great Recession," this same phrase has been used to refer to every recession of the several preceding decades.

Education and environment both of the glorifies the human life. In 21st Century man has achieved a greater scientific and technical advancement, However along with this advancement he is facing too many problems. The problem of environmental imbalance is one of them. To overcome this problem it is needed to promote the environmental awareness among each sector of Society. Today, problem of environment is being discussed from common people to high order political leaders as well as from school children to scientists. Taking into consideration the seriousness and sensitivity of the problem Government of the Maharashtra made various efforts to overcome the problem. As a part of these efforts, he introduced a separate subject i.e. Environmental education at the school level.

The objective of the study was to find out the effectiveness of using computers in teaching English among primary students. The study dealt was an experimental one, with pre-test, post-test, equivalent group design. Usual traditional method of teaching was adopted to control group. For experimental group teaching was made through computer and activities. Mean standard deviation & t-test were used to analyses the data. It was found that experimental group students, due to the usage of computer in English teaching.learnt effectively.

In India agricultural is the prime profession on which its economy and livehood depends. The soil parameters control the fertility index and the productivity of soil on which the success of plans is decided. The proposed work includes the textural and structural investigations of the soil and an evaluation of soil fertility level of the area based on the physico-chemical parameters has been done.

Instructional Technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning (Seels & Richey, 1994). Since the teaching machine was developed by L. Pressey in 1924, the instructional materials designed are of various shapes with the innovations in technologies fitting that age. Especially, the development in Information Technology (IT) shaped the Learning Content (LC) into many different forms from the text with picture based materials to interactive web-based video materials. One of the main intellectual and creative challenges for teachers preparing their courses is that of identifying and selecting the appropriate learning content/activity from the generic 'pedagogical toolbox', the items that meets the educational needs of a given student or the group of student … (Moodie & Kunz, 2003).

Mathematical morphology provides a number of important images processing operations and become the foundation of biomedical computing. The data extracted from images continues to be a fundamental technique for achieving scientific progress in experimental, clinical, biomedical, and behavioural research. Image segmentation is an important component of image analysis, which partitions the whole image under study into various disjoint regions based on potential features such as gray value, color, texture, etc. An algorithm was developed to perform the segmentation, classification and analysis of medical images, especially the endoscopic images for the identification of commonly occurring throat cancer abnormalities. It was observed that the proposed segmentation generates larger number of regions in the abnormal images as compared to normal.

Graham Greene is undoubtedly a colossal figure in twentieth century English literature. He is a prolific writer and his works explore the moral and political issues of the modern world. He is one of the widely read novelists of the twentieth century. Adventure and suspense are constant elements in his novels. Many of his novels are made into successful films. There is heavy dose of thrill, suspense, physical pursuit and violence in most of his novels. The canvas of Greene’s artistic operation is broad and his vision is panoramic. As a prolific writer Greene’s concern is to depict the human predicament of our times. His art is humanistic in content and universal in its realm. It shows the artist’s unceasing struggle and his struggle with an intractable world burdened with evil and suffering

Primary education is a basic education. It should develop potential and skill of cognitive, psychomotor and effective domains of personality. The general objectives of the education are decided based on these needs. Also subject wise objectives are determined .The innate tendencies capacities and inherent formers are also developed by teaching-learning process. The development of personality of students evaluation helps to overcome the learning lacunas and handles and rest possible education development should be achieved. Educational evaluation process affects teaching-learning, quality education and also overall education patterns. Hence schools, teacher, students, parents and various social factors are also very conscious about evaluation. The planning and implementation of education process is done by keeping the view of education evaluation has defects then it creates hurdles in overall education quality development. So the examination pattern is decided by various reports, national level commissions, plans action programmers and national education framework.

  Seminar is very good tool for students to discuss different current issues. This will help students to present their views on different topics. This presentation may be with the help of different ICT tools like LCD Projector, OHP, etc. In this paper researcher give different current issues to students of M.ED. and help them to prepare their seminars. Students use different sources to collect the information i.e. reference books, internet and with the help of LCD Projector & OHP students present their seminars.

Today the whole world is moving towards information based society. After all the information is knowledge and knowledge is wisdom. Wisdom leads us towards vision. The evolution of internet and World Wide Web has affected all part of life. The area of education has not remained untouched. Education system in India is being changed very rapidly since the Gurukul system of Education. Number of efforts have been made but could not improve the quality of teaching to the level of satisfaction of teachers, students, parents and other stakeholders. Search is on for most effective tools to be used by teachers for quality education. The ICT brings more rich material in the classroom and libraries for the teachers. It has provided opportunity for the teachers to use maximum senses to get the information. It has broken the monotony and provided variety in the teaching – learning situation.

‘For me language is a skin on my thought and was thinking of way of telling… I wrote it… the way an architect designs a building’, says Arundhati Roy about THE GOD OF SMALL THINGS, the Booker Prize Winner novel in 1997. The present paper is an attempt made to analyze Roy’s experiments with language. It assesses the linguistic deviations in Roy’s use of literary language. The novel is remarkable for the linguistic innovations about which Shomit Miller says, ‘the book uses language in a way that is rare… very rarely do you get someone who can tear apart the rules and give you something that is fresh and not pretentious’.

Figurative language is somewhat different but derived from literal language. Figurative language deliberately interferes with the system of literal usages by its assumption that forms literally related to one object can be transferred to another object. The interference takes the form of transference with its aim of achieving new, special or more precise meaning. It means language turns away from literal meaning towards figurative meaning. Hence a metaphor is a figure of speech. A metaphor can be analysed using different parameters. I.A. Richards analyses metaphor into ‘tenor’ and ‘vehicle’. Interaction between tenor and vehicle is possible only when there is some likeness between them. Hence ‘ground’ or ‘context’ of comparison is the third parameter. There are some other parameters which are hacked from the study of different approaches to metaphor such as tenor-vehicle relationship, nature of grammatical device, transfer feature, domain of metaphor and form and function of metaphor. To analyse metaphor one has to go through these parameters. Identification and formalization of parameters is essential for getting meaning from metaphor.

Indian Drama’ is the broad concept comprising entire Indian myths, and culture. Drama in India has a great tradition right from Vedic period with the book of ‘Natyashashtra’ by Bharat Muni. Indian English drama was established in India by British and western patrons of drama. Pre-Independence and post independence Indian English drama was remarkable in its quality as well as quantity. Though Indian English drama was a mere imitation of British dramatists, but it had a genuine feelings and cultural notions. So that at present few dramatists like Mahesh Dattani, Manjula Padmanabhan and Girish Karnad are achieving milestones of success in Indian theatre with great prospect in Indian theatre as well as world theatre

Today, value education is a systematic attempt towards human learning. All learning is subject & self related. Knowledge can never be learned. Knowledge is the fruit of experience & experience is the sensation of the individual. Individual experience is an internal happening & is the function of awareness. And one of the processes of knowing ourselves, of raising our awareness, is to be able to identify and clarify our values. Value education has become an integral part of our basic education. Each one of us must identify the value we cant to live by. Values help us not only in self-evaluation, but also in self-drive too. Education in values is essential in helping each one of us directly encounter the values that we hold, understand them completely, so that we may order our relationship to the environment that lies outside us.

In a democratic society like ours, education is an absolute necessity. In a nation, where any voter is may hold any public office-including that of the president-a common man educational programme for the masses is very essential. It is more than a matter of individual and personal choice. It is a v concern of society as a whole. Or schools are, therefore, expected contribute directly to the development of good citizenship, loyalty to democracy, civic responsibility and human relationship. Moreover in the present-day complex world, they are expected to help boys and girls to learn to live effectively, as preparation for useful and well-adjusted lives in the twenty-first century. It means that our schools should help them to acquire a philosophy of life, attitude, skills, concepts, understandings and knowledge that will prove useful to them for the next sixty or seventy years of their lives. These represent the broader goals of our education. And social studies as an independent field of study, has assumed a special responsibility towards the attainment of these goals.

The Kokna-Kokni Constitutes the principal tribe in Maharashtra having the total population of 5,50,000 (approximately). Koknas are also found in Gujrat state. One third of the koknas are living in south-eastern Gujrat and two-third in north-west Maharashtra. The tribe is mainly spread over in the districts of Thane, Nashik & Dhule in Maharashtra & Dang & Surat districts in Gujrat. The data analyzed and presented in the article was collected mainly through three types of sample units in order to project the picture of socio-economic condition of Kokna Tribe & Present trend of education among them. These units consisted of 360 respondents. I.e. 225 household, 90 matriculating students and 45 teachers from the satana & kalwan taluka of Nashik district & sakri taluka of Dhule district. As far as socio-economic status of Kokna tribe is concerned variables like age, language, religion, formal and non-formal social.

Early Flowering and High Yielding Mutants In Ocimum Sanctum Linn. were induced by physical (gamma rays) and chemical mutagens : SA (Sodium azide) and EMS (Ethylmethane sulphonate). The seeds were irradiated with 200,400,600 Gy gamma rays Seeds were also treated with SA (0.001%,0.002%,0.003%) and EMS (0.1%,0.2%,0.4). Population was screened carefully in M2 and M3 generations to isolate the mutants with early flowering and reduced maturation period and high yielding. Early flowering mutants were recorded in the M2 and M3 generation. The physical mutagen (gamma rays), as well as both chemical mutagens (SA and EMS) were found to induce high yielding mutants.

The tanning industry was designated as “Red category” due to the high pollution contributed by its solid and liquid wastes. It generates huge amount of wastes that frequently accumulate in the environment and spoil the entire environment. Tannin which is present in the effluent are soluble phenolic compounds with high molecular weight ranging from 500 mg/l to 3000 mg/l and can combine with proteins, cellulose, gelatin and pectin to form an insoluble complex. Tannins inhibit the growth of micro organisms resist microbial attack and are recalcitrant in the environment. The present study focused mainly on the biological method of removal of tannin from the effluent which involved in the bioremediation process. The microorganism such as bacteria, fungi and yeast are selected to asses the biodegradation capacity of tannin. The treatability studies of microbes are carried out to reduce the toxicity of the effluent.

Many eminent educationalists and scientists have, therefore, expressed the opinion that under no circumstances should we sacrifice the many advantages that we have gained by the study of English. They hold that in matters pertaining to education sentiment should not be the ruling factor and that what was most urgently needed was that our youth acquire knowledge from all sources and contribute their share to its expansion and development. In the attainment of this objective, the study of English was bound to play an important part”. 2 The knowledge of English will enable us to establish intellectual, cultural, economic, commercial and political relations with the rest of the world and its knowledge is essential for higher legal, technical and scientific education and research in almost all branches of learning. It is also necessary for those writers who wish to reach a bigger audience, for diplomats, editors, lawyers, politicians in fact almost everyone under the sky. The attitudes of the people are also changing towards learning English.

This is the era of economic crisis and uncertainties. Numerous experts have tried to predict the reasons of these uncertainties and also tried to predict when it will be over, but in vain. Above all, this is equally true that every company wants to survive and also expects to get some pay back investment. Whilst the principles of marketing remain the same regardless the prevailing economic environment-it is the application or practice that changes according to the demand of situation. Companies have adopted different strategies such as slashing marketing budgets, delaying in capital investments, development of overseas, introduction of new products, using promotional tactics. But in the situation of continuously changing market condition & changing customer needs mean it is difficult for marketers to determine what marketing strategy to employ?

Vehicles (Two-wheelers & Four wheelers) segment is one of the most important components of the automobile sector. Family vehicles and the Indian lifestyle are associated inherently. They have remained as a intrinsic part of the Indian milieu. By offering mobility at a reasonable cost, the two-wheelers & small family cars have liberalized the Indian middle class from the monotonous public transport systems. For a majority of them, a scooter, motorcycle or a car is one of the most necessary assets of the life.

Marketing Management always deals in the ever changing marketing environment. The rural environment is in paradigm shifts and management needs to deal with the changing consumer behavior. The basic challenge in front of the rural marketer is to deal with the rural consumer who is undergoing transformation. Many marketers perceive that the rural markets are the protrusions of the urban slums or poor markets. The truth is that the rural consumer’s concept of value is different from the urban consumers. The culture of rural is not of display of the wealth and modality. The symptoms of modernity are different than the urban counterparts. The rural consumer purchase only when it is extremely needed by them not because of tempting promotional offers. The rural market in India is quite charming and demanding in spite of all the difficulties existing. The potential is enormous. Even though, these markets have imperfection they also have tremendous opportunities which should be availed by the marketers. The marketers have to come up with innovative ideas to win the customers.

Azadirachta indica known as a neem in the Indian subcontinent is widely grown all over the tropic. It is the most useful traditional medicinal plant in India. Each and every part of neem has diverse applications due to presence of many biologically active ingredients such as Nimbidin, Nimbin, Nimbolide, Gedunin, Azadirachtin, Mahmoodin, Gallic acid etc. Neem compound belong to natural products which are devided in to isoprenoids and nonisoprenoids. Different neem products containing different neem compounds are having various applications including antialergic, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, nematicidal, spermatocidal, antidermatic, antiviral, antifungal, anti AIDS, anticancer, antimalerial, antipyretic and many other biological activities. This review gives clear idea about chemistry of neem including its wide medicinal, industrial and agricultural applications.

An Entrepreneur is an individual who efficiently and effectively combines the four factors of production. Those factors are land (natural resources), labor (human input into production using available resources), capital (any type of equipment used in production i.e. machinery) and Enterprise (intelligence, knowledge, and creativity.) Entrepreneurship is often difficult and tricky, as many new ventures fail. is often . Most commonly, the term entrepreneur applies to someone who creates value by offering a product or service. Entrepreneurs often have strong beliefs about a market opportunity and organize their resources effectively to accomplish an outcome that changes existing interactions.

The rock art cave Architectures have played an important role in the Art History of the world. That is probably the earliest known art of the mankind. The development of this art began with primitive tools made up of stones and other crude metals and progressed up to the hi-tech tools like laser rays. This history however, is not clearly unveiled till today. The contributions of archeologists and historians have made the world aware of all these developmental stages. One of these stages is the Buddhist Art, which is very rich in tradition. The sculptural development with the help of artisans shows an earnest desire of Buddhist establishments. The study of these monuments is possible with the help of inscriptions, sculptures and architecture. The object of this paper is to focus on the ‘Study of Sculptural Art’ which so far has not been explored entirely

This pattern has been traced out in the heroines of Desai’s Where Shall We Go this summer? and Journey to Ithaca. A pattern is evident not only in Desai’s heroines but also especially in such married women, who are mostly transplanted from their native parental bondage to an unknown surroundings, of a new extended bondage of relationship. Until they get re-rooted to establish with a strong man– woman relationship whole heartedly, there exerts fear conflict, and frustration, which in an extreme case leads to conflict and even separation of the family. The conflict arises as a result of an imbalance between dreams or private fantasies and the bare realities. Such recurrent patterns of action, symbols, character types, dreams, myths or themes are “held to be the result of elemental and universal forms of patterns in the human psyche, whose effective literary embodiment in a literary work evokes a profound response from the attentive readers, because he or she shares the archetypes expressed by the author” (Abrams 112). Crow is a recurrent symbol of Desai, exclusively in these two works. Sita, in Where Shall We Go This summer? was bewildered by the unstable modern world of Bombay, in which, she was unable to withstand. As there were horror and destruction everywhere, her each step further began to sway, without stability on the ground, which broke excessively in to pieces including her confidence.

Ground water is never found in pure state. As water comes from the atmosphere it is Contaminated with atmospheric CO2 and fall on the ground in the from of weach carbonic acid. The present paper deals with chemical properties of the groundwater in the Ratnawati basin. Amongs the many chemical properties pH, TDS, EC, Salinity, hardness, cationic Constituents like Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K and anionic Constituents like SO4, Cl, No3, CO3, HCO3 etc have been Studied All these properties have been represented by graph and charts & map on this basis of chemical characteristics five broad groups and the groups ground water qualities have been determined on the basis of world Health Organization (WHO) standard table.

V.O. Chidambaram Pillai, popularly known by his initials, V.O.C, Va Voo Cee, Kappal Oottiya Tamilzhan, was an Indian freedom fighter born on 5 September 1872 in Ottapidaram, Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu State of India. He was a prominent lawyer, and a trade union leader. He gets credit for launching the first indigenous Indian shipping service between Turicorin and Colombo with the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, competing against britis ships. He was an Indian National Congress (INC) member, later charged with sedition by the British government and sentenced to life imprisonment; his barrister license was stripped. He is also known as “Kappalottiya Tamilan”.

Examination form an integral part of any education system and an in-depth study of the system remains incomplete without studying the examination system in vogue under it. A movement was started for examination reform, which gathered momentum with the establishment of Central Examination unit of trained evaluation officers by the Govt. of India in 1958. The outstanding feature of the new reform movement is the emphasis laid on the modern concept of evaluation which has found increasing acceptance in educational circles in India in recent years. The grades would give more reliable picture of students’ ability than the prevalent marking system. One cannot claim that grading system is flawless but compatibility it is better than of pass/fail system With the help of grading, it reduces mal classification of students’ on the basis of unreliable marks. High achievers will get relieved from competition.

Globalization policies helped to attain the growth of member nations in all respects. But the growth and development that has been made has limited to only rich class people. As such, there is inequality of wealth, income, education and employment among the masses. Particularly the developing countries have been affected due to such globalization policies. The present paper discussed on the disparities in primary and secondary education. Further, the policies and schemes to eliminate the inequalities in education of the state governments and central government are discussed. The paper also covered national policy on education and its aims and objectives and its effective execution.

In ancient times, teacher was the only source of inspiration where students get knowledge but in the present educational scenario, teacher has become one of the sources of information where students get knowledge. Thus students have many teachers around them like audio teacher, T.V teacher, teacher, internet teacher, and multimedia teacher. Since the students and teachers are in grey revolution, the transformation of knowledge is expected to happen with modern advancement of technology so called multimedia technology, as technology is the one of the components of U.G.C. in higher education. Hence, keeping all these in views the investigator attempted an experiment to develop and validate a multimedia package in teaching computer science for higher secondary students. Thus more and more researches should be conducted in the area of multimedia. Objectives of the study were (i) to develop a multimedia package in teaching Computer Science at Higher Secondary Level.(ii) To find out the effectiveness of multimedia on attitude towards Computer Science at Higher Secondary Level.

Global marketing has become very significant for the growth of a variety of organizations due to saturation of rapid technological, liberalization of developing countries, domestic markets. Selecting a potential market is a crucial task for global marketers. Gaining knowledge about free trade zones and tactful evaluation of potential markets plays an essential role in this process. Environmental factors that impact global marketing are technological, regulatory, legal, cultural, social, political and economic factors. Companies enter a new market through direct exports, indirect exports, licensing, joint ventures, and internationalization process. There are different types of marketing organizational structures. They are export division, international division and global organization. Developing an effective global marketing strategy involves product strategies, promotion strategies, pricing strategies and place strategies. A truly global marketing strategy would aim to standardize some elements of the marketing mix across the world, while customizing

Celebration of 8th March this year has crossed the century of Women’s day. Last year was a centenary year of women’s day. This occasion was celebrated all over the world. In our country too it was celebrated as a yearly festival. The success stories were published and cameras flashed over radiant faces of women. The women are entering in each and every field today. The progress of woman reflects the progress of country. It is indication of welfare of society.To salute the success of woman in all fields and to show a gratitude to her,all the world has been celebrating this day. India too is no exception. But is mere celebration of 8 th March sufficient for welfare and empowerment of women?

The third Month of the calendar has given special significance to womanhood by celebrating 8th of March as International Women's Day. Every year, this celebration of International Women’s Day provides an opportunity to review progress made in addressing gender inequality and the many challenges that women and girls face around the world. The present scenario has given equal opportunity to women to be shoulder to shoulder to men in every arena of development. On psychological, mental and moral fronts, usually women are considered the compassionate and life giver part of the human species. In my views, women are less likely to cause blatant physical or emotional pain. No matter how hardened a woman is, she still holds on to her compassionate and sensitive side. Unfortunately, these general presumptions are found to be a little false. The life saver and life giver role of women is being questioned with her increasing involvement in violent activities.

India Textiles industry is none of the leading textile industries in the world. Through was predominantly unorganized industry even a few years back, but the scenario started changing after the economic liberalization of Indian economy in 1991. Indian textile industry largely depends upon the textile manufacturing and export. It also plays a major role in the economy of the country. India earns about 27% of its total foreign exchange through textile exports. Further, the textiles industry of India also contributes nearly 145 of the total industry industrial production of the country. It also contributes around 3% to the GDP of the country. India textile is also largest in the country in terms of employment generation. It not only generates jobs in its own industry, but also opens up scopes for the other ancillary sectors. Indian textiles industry currently generates employment to more than 35 million people. It is also estimated that, the industry will generate 14 million new jobs by the year 2013. This unique industry structure is primarily a legacy of government policies that have promoted labor intensive. Currently it is estimated to be around to be US$ 52 billion and is also projected to be around US$ 115 billion by the year 2012. The share of exports is also expected to increase from 4% within 2013. The inevitable problems faced by the industry is to make the industry technologically up-to-date rather than expand capacity as such. However, the problem not been fully tackled and it is of utmost importance that the whole industry is technologically updated.

Higher education especially in management faculty in India stands at a crossroads. Without change, the traditional university structure of educating and training tomorrow’s business leaders is likely to be surpassed and discarded in the increasingly diverse and technological global economy. To provide our students with the talents necessary to compete in this marketplace, we must recognize and accept the challenges before us today. Internationalization of the business school curriculum is no longer a luxury. The complexities of worldwide markets must be integrated into the core undergraduate as well as post graduate management educational framework. The existence of an institution shall depend upon the quality of education and training offered. In future fittest will survive for which quality product service will be the key aspect. If we, as academics, accept the challenges before us today, there is no reason we cannot retain our position as the preeminent provider of high-quality educational services for decades to come.

Methods of treatment of effluents Several methods of treatment of industrial effluents with fungi for decolorization have been reported (Thompson et al. 2001). Whole cultures, mycelial pellets, immobilized fungi or their enzymes, free enzymes and biofilm (Wu et al. 2005) are some examples of such treatments. Treatment of effluents with whole versus immobilized cultures Most of the experiments for decolorization of various effluents and xenobiotics with terrestrial basidiomycetes are carried out by addition of effluents to the grown, shallow, static cultures fungal biomass (Reddy 1995). Care should be taken not to disturb the fungal mat, as this affects LDE production. The efficiency of the fungal mat decreases on repeated usage. In nature, most of these fungi grow in solid-state conditions, in the near absence of free water. S

Maharashtra government has announced fifty percent reservations for women in Panchayati raj.1 The most awaited and popular decision is welcomed by all, especially by women. The forthcoming elections are going to see the effects of this announcement. The election equations are surely going to change. The forthcoming elections in Maharashtra are going to decide the future of Zilla Parishads, Panchayat Samiti, Municipal Corporations and Municipal Councils. The 50% seats are going to be reserved for women. The passage of the Women’s Reservation Bill in Rajya Sabha on 9th March 2010 was also a landmark in the history of woment empowerment. The 73rd and 74th amendments are historic landmarks for women participation. It introduce 33%reservation for women in local bodies. but the country in which women population is nearly 50%,should reserve same percentage in political institutions,is a simple logic. The union cabinet had declared 50% reservations for women in PanchayatiRaj.It decided amendment in article 243 –D for the same.2 The reservations for women are changing the face of male-dominated mainstream politics in India.The elections are important not only for women voters but also for women candidates. The decision of Maharashtra government will surely affect grassroot politics in state. Once again there is need to focus on current happenings.

Present study was undertaken to measure the self concept of high and low achiever secondary school students in Sangli district. For that purpose 400 students of Xth class were selected randomly from different schools of sangli district.Of these 400Ss,50%were boys and 50% were girls. Thus male female ratio was 1:1 and age rang was 14 to 16years.Rajkumar Saraswat questionnaire used for measuring self concept of Ss.Results revealed that there is no significant difference between high & low achievers on self-concepts namely-physical, social, emotional, moral and educational self-concepts. But it is found that there is significant difference in high & low achievers on intellectual self-concept.

Grape (Vitas viniferous L.) is an important commercial fruit crop of Maharashtra state in India having vast export potential. The state ranks first in respect of area (70,000 hectares) of production (1650000 MT) and productivity (28 MT/ha) of grapes in the country. Near about 75% of grape produce is used for table purpose, 15% - 20% is dried for raisin production and 5% is used for manufacturing of juice and wine. Consumption of grapes are beneficial to health, in addition to the usual nutrients, grapes are also rich in phenolic compounds and other natural antioxidants. It is observed that the export percentage of grapes is not more than 4% of total production. In order to increase export, quality and production per hectare have to be increased. To increase export and maximization of grapes production there is a lot of scope to adopt modern methods for efficient utilization of human resources, particularly women human resource. This research paper attempts to study the problems and prospectus of women employees in grape farm.

In the world talk is origin of life. It satisfies and develops human being. This is also true in the context of agriculture. In country like Indian agriculture is above all. Agriculture is mother of human life and all industries. In modern era for the expansion of agriculture, journalism extended its support to all dimensions of development in the society by providing a new direction. After completing a long journey passes through Bhat, Charan, Poet, Saint and Pigeon, when the communication medium inscribe on paper after inception of agro journalism changing completely. From changes due to new means of communication Prospective results are also seen in development changes occurred in the society after green and white revolution is known to all Indian.

The present study is an attempt to estimate traffic noise pollution at ten sites of Sangamner city, Maharashtra. The sources of noise at the studied sites are mostly vehicular traffic. Noise pollution is raising problem in urban areas and transport sector is major source of noise pollution. The noise levels of ten sites were found to be above permissible limits. Over all noise level was higher in morning, evening and lower at noon. Per-diwali revealed 0.1% to 20.6%; diwali revealed 2.7% to 24.7% and post-diwali as 0.4% to 20.3% higher sound level than prescribed limit. The combination of various types of vehicular to noise was found to be minimum 70.2 (0.3% higher) and maximum 90.0 (29% higher). The contributions of individual vehicular noise level were found to be more than the traffic noise limits i.e. 70 dB and varies vehicles tyo vehicles.

The “Motherhood” is considered as one of the natural and creative part of women’s life. The shift of status from a “woman” to a “mother” is glorified and given the status of deity in Indian religion and society. Unless a woman achieves the motherhood she is not considered a “complete woman.” The woman, who does not attain this status is looked down upon and isolated from community, family customs and rituals. Thus the societal, cultural pressure is on women to prove her fertility and carry the task to continue the human race.

Civilization means the advanced stage of social development. Civilization is a process which is directed towards attainment of certain ideal. To civilize a community implies that we make an attempt to lead the community to an ideal state. When people awear about their social responsibilities and duties it make civilized community. Civilization is an achievement of human happiness because civilization is a progressive stage of human relation. Civilization indicates social interaction and collective behaviour. Civilization depend upon human relation and collective behaviour effects upon civilization. When people become a members of community they should have a friendly relation with each others. Law and order are also very important for the civilization because civilization is a process that has directed towards the attainment of the ideal of civility so people respect the laws and rules. Civilization make social conformity but collective behaviour of people in crowd, mobs, riots make social deviation because civilization maintain social control develop social ideology of public interest. Civilization process is helpful for socialization but when people become a part of collective behaviour they are responsible for faulty socialization people become a part of deviant groups from their collective behaviour.

Women’s participation and empowering in rural development has been concern of serious and hard to believable in India. Today it is not only possible but also nothing any else possible without women’s participation in any area. Now day women are aware about education, socio-economics, negotiation, rights and their development so that women are empowering day by day and participate in every developmental activity. In sector of rural area there are women participating an important role in socio-economic development in family and society as well as rural development. Government and much voluntary – non voluntary organization are supports and help rural women to their empowerment and development by formation of “Self Help Group”, education and awareness programme. Now everybody know that no development without women’s participation in rural and every area and women’s are conscious it.

The purpose of the Study is to analyze effect of selected exercise and pranayama on cholesterol level including Low Density Lipoproteins and High Density Lipoproteins. Of affected individuals, forty five men in Nagpur Municipal Corporation 50 person examined and declared 45 of them were medically fit for this study and they were selected by lot method and they were divided randomly in to three groups as one control and two experimental group. The selected forty five subjects were randomly divided in to three groups of fifteen each, out of which group I (N-15) Underwent running activity, and group II (N-15) Underwent Pranayama and group III (N-15) remained as control. Pre test were conducted for all three groups on Low Density Lipoproteins and High Density Lipoproteins. The experimental group participated in their respective Exercise for a period of six weeks. Post test were conducted on the above mentioned dependent variables after six weeks of the training period

The information technology scenario is undergoing a vast and fast transition during these days. The world of information is at our fingertip now. This technology has changed our daily life and it has become much faster, simpler, and efficient. Over the last two decades the libraries have witnessed impact of information technology that has been affecting the structure of the services to a great extent.

Vivekananda emphasizes on the fact that society will change and make progress if he identifies religion as the ‘soul of humanity’- the soul that responds to the realities of life and evolution of human consciousness. He never considers humanism apart from religion and vice versa. As such, the efflorescence of religion always depends on how it best serves humans under all trying circumstances. Contrary to paying importance to rigid dogmatism, which stands in the way of dynamism of religion, he is more interested in making religion a very comprehensive and essential component of growth and development of humanity. As he characteristically asserts

Sport is one of the avenues of mankind's never ceasing strive for excellence. Its uniqueness lies in the intimacy between the physical happenings of our bodies and their repercussions on our minds, as well as in the general reconcilability of the social and aesthetic values which sport engenders. Sport evokes experiences that are exclusively human and independent of the changing forms, patterns and customs of a civilization which involves profoundly modifying concepts of our environment. The individual difference for body weight & height are great for boys of the same chronological age; these tested boys were within two months of their birthdays, which makes these differences more significant than the usual span of one year.

Teachers and other sections of this society are changing their residence from one specific location to another, due to various reasons. Regional identity is affecting the teachers life and social environment. With the intention to study the native background and migration of the teacher’s sample questionnaires have been administered and the interviews were arranged. The data represents that the teachers come mostly from urban background. For identifying their native background, the teachers’ oral and written expressions were noted down. Name of the district place, taluka or village according to their interest and affinity about the place. Above 20% teachers were residing in Mumbai since last 16 to 20 years. It also appears from the study that the teachers are highly mobile compared to their city population. The continuous residence of Secondary school teachers in Mumbai metropolitan city is also the matter of examination with reference to mother tongue and region of origin of teacher sample.

The Kokna-Kokni Constitutes the principal tribe in Maharashtra having the total population of 5,50,000 (approximately). Koknas are also found in Gujrat state. One third of the koknas are living in south-eastern Gujrat and two-third in north-west Maharashtra. The tribe is mainly spread over in the districts of Thane, Nashik & Dhule in Maharashtra & Dang & Surat districts in Gujrat. The data analyzed and presented in the article was collected mainly through three types of sample units in order to project the picture of socio-economic condition of Kokna Tribe & Present trend of education among them. These units consisted of 360 respondents. I.e. 225 household, 90 matriculating students and 45 teachers from the satana & kalwan taluka of Nashik district & sakri taluka of Dhule district.

Nearly 30 species were observed to inflict damage to mulberry leaves by sap sucking. Among these sap suckers mealy bugs, thrips, Jassids, and white flies and scale insects cause significant damage. Among the sap sucking pests Spiralling white fly Aleurodicus dispersus Russel was considered as a minor pest in mulberry because its occurrence was occasional and damage was less. But in recent days it has become a major pest causing extensive damage to mulberry in south India. In West Bengal Dialeuropora decempuncta and Aleuroclava pentatuberculata are the major types of white flies which are reported in 1999. The damage caused by the whiteflies Dialeuropora decempuncta (Quaintance & Baker, 1913), Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, and Aleuroclava sp. to mulberry plants is extensive and they cause a huge economic loss in silkworm rearing. whiteflies feeding on nutrients of plants affect the plants physiological process ultimately causing leaf shedding and reduced growth rate.

Bernard Malumud is one of the most important Jewish-American authors of Post world war II. His writings have a Universal appeal. He presents the suffering of the Jew, whether he is European, American, or Israeli. His themes take on the overtones of the Universal suffering of all mankind, both Jew and Gentile. Bernard Malamud uses his knowledge of Jewishness to express larger universal truths and values through his Unity of "realism and allegory". Malamud's recurrent theme in his short stories, based on his belief that life is a tragedy full of joy, highlights the Jews as a symbol for suffering mankind.

A comparative study was made between the performances of spherical solar still with charcoal absorber. It was studied in the climatic conditions of Coimbatore (11° N latitude), India. The area of the still was 0.30 m2. The still was covered by low density polyethylene sheet of thickness 0.107 mm with 90% of transmittance. The absorbance of water level is further increased by floating charcoal at the surface of the water level. The Nusselt and Grashof Numbers were calculated for both studies. The increase in potable water productivity caused, when using a spherical shape as well as adding charcoal was analyzed.

The growing social awareness across the globe has brought a number of issues to the fore among which gender equality and empowerment of women are very significant. Discrimination against women in the form of male-female differentiation constitutes the core of the gender-biased system. The Word Bank has suggested that empowerment of women should be a key aspect of social development programs. The empowerment is not essentially political alone in fact; political empowerment will not succeed in the absence of economic empowerment. The scheme of micro financing through Self Help Groups (SHGs) has transferred the real economic power in the hands of women and has considerably reduced their dependence on men. The empowerment of women and improvement of their status and economic role needs to be integrated into economic development programs, as the development of any country is inseparably linked with the status and development of women. Given the gender division of labour that prevails in India, Nutrition, Child health, and related matters typically depend mostly on women’s actions and decisions.

Throughout the world including India, computers have brought revolution in all sectors of development; be it health, education, industry, space or finance. According to the NASSCOM survey (Mehta, 2000) there has been a growing population of Internet users in India. According to the recent statistics, there are 38.5 million Internet users in India and the number is set to grow to a 100 million by 2007-08 (cited in IAMAI, 2006). Many scholars and technologists believe that these changes and The internet in particular are transforming social and economic life (e.g. Anderson, Bikson, Law, & Mitchell, 1995; Attewell & Rule, 1984; King & Kraemer, 1995).

Rituals are the asset of folk communication and have occupied their own position. These rituals have been acting as the media of learning time to time. Traditional communication is perfectly transmitting with the help of various rituals viz. belief, tradition, celebration etc. There is a particular purpose in our life as and when we act and their lies ritual. Eg. Rangoli (column), painting to the home, cleaning the field, seedling, plantation, harvesting, etc. Rituals are the part and partial of our life. The word 'ritual' which derived from Latin word 'ritu' it means tradition. There is a folklore where there is culture. According to Anthropologist folklore is the part of culture. Folklore may differ from one environment to another one. But there are several similarities in their activities. Folklore developed and spread all over the world.

The researcher decided to undertook this subject for the study because of lack of significant research on this topic, particularly in India and the inconstant finding of the some of the research done previously on the related subjects in other countries. While most of the research on mental health was done on adults only and children were always neglected. Either their symptoms were attributed to physical illness rather than the psychological. 2] Considering the increasing number of children attempting suicide and living their home early, becoming the addict’s or suffers from the other psychological illness that goes unnoticed, it become important now to conduct the comprehensive study on children’s mental health.

This paper presents the various information of Vocational guidance for students. In this paper mostly focus for what is vocational guidance and their needs of Vocational organized programmes and their different stages, in this paper also included the different services Rendered by Vocational guidance programme and lastly details of vocational Interests.

The emergence of women entrepreneurs and their contribution to the national economy is quite visible in India. The number of women entrepreneurs has grown over a period of time, especially in the 1990s. Women entrepreates had already proved that they are very able to wrote hard, contributing more than what they already are. Why women’s entrepreneurship subject to be taught – 1. Now a day it is most challenging of fast developing area of business. 2. Women entrepreneurs are attributing much more in total financial growth of India. 3. Women entrepreneurs create new jobs for themselves and others and also by being different. 4. They also provide the society with different solutions to management, organization and business problems. 5. Rural women empowerment some time this topic is largely neglected. Not only have women lower participation rates in entrepreneurship then men but they are managing well than men industrialists.

Women in most societies are subject to discrimination. The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against women. The convention makes it binding on the consenting nations of the world to take corrective action to have to have gender just laws, end violence against women, as well as give women equal property rights, opportunities in education, access to health care, work opportunities, wages and end customs that are derogatory to women. The formation of women’s Self Help Groups has emerged since the seventies in Bangladesh and since the early nineties in India-predominantly in the southern states. The groups typically have a membership of between five and twenty members and are informal associations of women. The women elect their leaders on democratic principles, save money, lend to each other and take higher order loans from financial institutions. They grow into change agents in their own village societies.

The Panchayat system has been integral part of the Indian village system through ages. A village is self contained microcosm, a composite peasant society representing different communities and cultural hues. It does not have nuisance elements but represent an integrated culture, free to a greater extent from the penetrations of urban cultural patterns into the village life.

The upsurge of current literary theory has become something of significant phenomenon in contemporary literature, emerging as formidable force in interdisciplinary subjects. Dialogic criticism proposed by Mikhail Bakhtin is one of the new perspectives to study literary work. To Bakhtin, text is not a self contained organism and the language represented in text is not alien entity, instead a site for dialogic interaction of multiple voices or modes of discourse. This research paper briefly attempts to introduce dialogic criticism and its theoretical concepts like polyphony, heteroglossia and their relation to literary work. It also concentrates on the theory of dialogism in relation to the notion of intertexuality in contemporary critical theory. The revival and reinterpretation of Bakhtin has become a part of the contemporary critical trend. Mikhail Bakhtin’s Dialogic Criticism concentrates on plurality of text and plurality of independent unmerged voices. He stood against Russian Formalists views that text as independent and impersonal linguistic or cultural force. To Bakhtin, text is not merely a verbal but a social phenomenon. The literary work, according to Bakhtin, is the product of manifold determinants that are a specific to a class, social group and speech community.

By using conventional method of preparing solid oral dosage form like tablets, poorly water soluble drugs were formulated by using different excipients. Hence, in present investigation Aceclofenac poorly water soluble drugs, whose absorption is dissolution rate limited, were selected as model. Five excipients having different hydrophillcity, viz. starch, betadex, lactose (Hydrophilic) and DCP, MCC (Hydrophobic), were selected as diluents. The present study was aimed to evaluate the influence of these different excipients (Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic) on the dissolution profiles of selected poorly water soluble drugs. This would help in early stage of formulation development of poorly soluble drugs, to achieve desired dissolution profiles simply by careful selection of different excipients

This paper examines the role of HR in performance appraisal process. It includes the importance of the appraisal process and different types of appraisal and their effectiveness. Performance appraisal is an important basis for corporate personnel decisions. In recent years it is necessary to find more scientific, effective & fair assessment method, to examine the current performance appraisal for the success & failure of the organization.

Management is to plan , organize, staff , direct and control business resources to achieve predetermined objectives. For performing all these functions, a manager has to take an array of decisions. For taking rational decisions, information’s is an essential input. Information, which is processed data becomes Information when it is used in decision-making and follows certain characteristics, like it is timely, relevant, accurate, current, adequate without superfluous data, clear in form and non repetitive. System is a set of interrelated elements joined together to achieve a common objective and has input, process, output, feedback and control elements. It gathers data from the internal and external sources of an organization processes it and supplies Management Information to assist decision-making by managers in an organization.

The global challenges which banks face are not confined only to the global banks. These aspects are also highly relevant for banks, which are part of a globalize banking system. Further, overcoming these challenges by the other banks is expected to not only stand them in good stead during difficult times but also augurs will for the banking system to which they belong and will also equip them to launch themselves as a global bank.

Automated tracking of buses can be used to provide useful estimates of arrival times along with the crowd density and enhance commuter convenience. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags has been proposed for use in this paper for bus tracking. The paper focuses on how RFID Technology can be used to solve problems faced by public transport in metropolitan cities of the country. A particular case study of B.E.S.T. (A public bus transportation system of Mumbai) is presented. There are, however, formidable obstacles in the way of widespread RFID deployment. From a systems perspective, we highlight and explore the problem of employing RFID and measurement of crowd density, handling of large real base data containing the bus arrival and crowd density.