This paper describes teacher's perception about provisions of ICT in school management. This article is part of research entitled “A comparative study of Government and private school with respect to ICT in educational management.” The study was conducted among senior secondary Govt. and private teachers of East Delhi, which included 5 Govt. and 5 private schools of the same area. The numbers of respondents were 50. The findings revealed that most of teachers have a good knowledge about provisions of ICT in school management. There was a difference in opinion of Govt. and private school teachers about provisions of ICT in school management due to availability and non availability of ICT equipments in school. A questionnaire was conducted to carry out a comparative study of Govt. and private school teacher's perception about provisions of ICT in school management.

Study was conducted on the forest and provisioned groups of Assamese macaque in order to find out the effect of provisioning on age and sex variation in grooming interaction. For this, two groups of Assamese macaque was chosen one received provisioned food at the Tukreshwari temple, Goalpara and another, which was fully dependent on forest habitat at Jokai RF of Assam, India were selected. A 5 minutes Scan Sampling method was used to study the grooming interactions in both the provisioned and the forest groups. Data on the types of grooming behaviour and their age-sex variation, groomer-groomee relationship were also recorded. Study found higher grooming interaction both annually and seasonally in the provisioned group compared to the forest group irrespective to age-sex class. This clearly indicates that the supplementary feeding initiates higher agnostic interaction and the group spent more time on grooming interaction irrespective to age and sex to maintain “social bonding” among themselves.

State Bank of India is a multinational banking and financial services company based in India. It is a government-owned corporation with its headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra. As of December 2012, it had assets of US$501 billion and 15,003 branches, including 157 foreign offices (in 32 countries across the globe) making it the largest banking and financial services company in India in terms assets .The State Bank of India is the oldest bank and a premier in terms of balance sheet, market capitalization and profits, is today going through momentous phase of change and transformation. SBI is the largest public sector bank on the basis of size of business, branch network and operational activities spread in various fields of social banking.State Bank of India has the total deposit of more then, 6 Lakh crores at its credit on and the market share of 25% of the banking sector in the economy. It provides a range of banking products through its network of branches in India and overseas, including products aimed at non-resident Indians (NRIs). SBI has 14 regional hubs and 57 Zone Offices that are located at important cities throughout the country. As of 28 June 2013, the bank had 180 overseas offices spread over 34 countries.

The aim of this study is to discuss the issues regarding women entrepreneurship in rural India. This paper is mostly based on secondary data and some observations; for the identification of these issues the author has reviewed different research articles and reports. Findings of this study reveal that absence of definite agenda of life, absence of balance between family and career obligations of women, poor degree of financial freedom for women, absence of direct ownership of the property, the paradox of entrepreneurial skill & finance in economically rich and poor women, no awareness about capacities, low ability to bear risk, problems of work with male workers, negligence by financial institutions, lack of self-confidence, lack of professional education, mobility constraints and lack of interaction with successful entrepreneurs are major problems of women entrepreneurship development in India.

Drought is a slow onset, creeping natural hazard and a regular feature of climate which occurs in virtually all regions of the world; it results in serious economic, social and environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to assess and monitor droughts by using remote sensing data. The study area is Yerala River Basin. Erdas Imagine and Arc GIS software were used for image processing and spatial analysis. Modis Terra series vegetation indices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) satellite data was used. The health of the ground vegetation is presented by Vegetation condition Index method. Yerala river basin is vulnerable to drought condition and the 2001, 2002 and 2012 were most severe drought years.

This article attempts to define the changing role of the academic library professionals in digital library environment. It gives an introductory background of the digital era which impacts on the changes occurring in the academic libraries. It describes about the indicative role of the emerging trends in information services that the librarians play in the academic libraries. Finally, it presents the vision of the new generation; the challenges facing implementation of the digital libraries and to review the problems faced by the librarians in the academic libraries in new digital era.

With increasing competition in market, companies are grappling with the newer efforts and ideas in order to exist as profitable business entities. High level of competition is making it tough for the companies, not only to expand but also to retain their existing customer base, which is essential for the stability and sustainability of the business. Branding is one of the most important business activities that have helped a lot in penetrating into new markets, introducing new products in existing markets and boost the loyalty of existing customers. But in fact, it is not only the branding campaign that makes a company successful whereas, it has been observed that quality and value proposition offered by the product also plays a very important role along with branding efforts in making a business venture successful. Study has found that branding exercise alone in itself cannot make the business successful, what so ever efforts are made. In fact, it is the quality and value proposition that are offered to customer are must for any business to become successful. Also, it has been found that it is not the sheer volume of resources committed and utilized for branding campaign, which makes the whole branding exercise successful. Rather, it is the proper planning, deputing suitable professionals and commitment of senior management and fine tuning of brand management exercise based upon continuous performance evaluation. Besides these, products and services of the company should match with the expectation of the customers, which emerge out of message conveyed in branding exercise.

The present day popular democracy is enshrined not only on the traditional three pillars of Legislature, Executive and Judiciary but is also dependent for its survival upon the Media which has thus rightly been hailed as the Fourth Estate of democracy that keeps the other three estates in check. However in its overzealous pursuit to discharge this sacrosanct duty, the media sometimes reincarnates itself as a 'public court' (Janta Adalat) which causes undue interference in the criminal adjudication system. This paper seeks to analyse this dichotomy between the two competing claims of constitutional rights, i.e. free speech vis a vis fair trial and attempts to analyse whether in the modern era media has assumed the role of both the judge, jury and the executioner.

The present paper intends to analyze the short run and long run causality between current account and capital account in a very comprehensive manner. We have conducted Wald test, Granger casualty test, Vector error correction model and Johansen co integration test to find out long run and short run causality and its direction between current account and capital account. Our empirical analysis is based on annual data on current account balance and gross foreign capital inflows, for the period 1990- 2012. The direction of causality will help us to find out the policy framework to improve and manage India's Balance of payment position. There is short run bidirectional causality between capital account and current account. Granger causality and vector error correction model suggest that in the long run current account encourages and causes capital account. These papers suggest policy to manage balance of payment should focus on managing current account via domestic expenditure.

Now days, people's exposure to chemical compounds such as organphosphorous insecticide is continuously on the rise more and more. These compounds have induced an excessive production of free radicals which are responsible for several cell alterations in the organism. Recent investigations have proved the crucial role of nutritional antioxidants to prevent the damage caused by toxic compounds.Dimethoate (DM) is an organ phosphorous insecticide and acaricide used to kill mites and aphids among other insects and is applied on citrus, cotton, fruit, olives, potatoes, tea, tobacco and vegetables. The aim of the present work was to study biochemical changes that might occur in the heart of albino rats as a result of DM intoxication. In the present investigation the animals were treated with 1/10th of LD50of DM via oral gavage (34.5mg/kg body weight. The first group animals were considered as control animals. Second group of animals were treated with Dimethoate via oral gavage (34.5mg/kg body weight which is 1/10th of LD50) for 10 days, third and fourth groups of animals were administered for 20 and 30 days with an interval of 48h respectively. Total proteins showed decrement in the DM treated groups while all the other parameters selected in the present investigation showed an increment. The present findings indicate that chronic exposure to DM has clear toxic effect on the heart of albino rats.

There are many great personalities who contributed actively in the freedom struggle of India. It is worth study to understand the meaning and sacrifice of their lives and greatness of their thoughts. In the making of the nation, and its social and political life, we find many glittering souls from the lower strata to the upper strata of the society. Some of them are such a great persons that one finds, there is relevance of their thoughts today also. They were men of foresight .Their thoughts have become guiding principles for present time. They are inspiring spirits of modern age. Their thoughts are reflected in today's activities, decisions, important changes and idealogy. They expressed their voices of great implied meanings, which are reflected in present social and political activities. One of such great personalities is Yashavantaraoji Chavan !

Understanding INDIA is not essay. India has opportunities but only if you know how to find them. INDIA IS DIFFERENT, INDIA IS COMPLEX India has seen unprecedented changes in a short time: about 15 years. For people living through the change it generally appears continuous, unless they step out of their lives and look at it objectively. It is important as most Indian business houses have built their success through the traditional value system; today they face the huge challenge of transforming their culture, products, services based on understanding of this new, changing India.

An External Accreditation agency NAAC play an important role in Quality Enhancement in higher education institutes. Ours is third longest higher education system in the world after China and U.S.A. in quantity, but for as quality is concern we are for behind. The Indian Higher Education system has expanded since independence. Today India has more than 398 Universities and over 18,000 colleges. But question of 'Quality' is a matter of worry. NAAC identifies strength as well as weaknesses of a college and suggest opportunities.

The accounts given by foreign travelers who visited Tanjore during the reign of Serfoji -II bear ample testimony to his culture and pleasant manners. Besides Schwartz, the Reverend Dr. Claudius Buchanan, Bishop Middleton, Bishop Heber and Lord Valentia visited Tanjore and were much impressed with the King Serfoji-II. Buchanan visited Tanjore eight years after the death of the venerable Schwartz, whose portrait was shown to him by Serfoji. He was shown round the college that he had started for the education of the Hindus , Muhammadans and Christians and was also presented with a catalogue containing the list of books available in the Saraswathi Mahal Library. He also listened to the King's bandsmen who played upon eight or more vinas with other instruments. Lord Valentina, a nobleman who visited the East in the years of 1803-1806, presented a most beautiful picture of Serfoji and the palace. Another remarkable traveller , Bishop Heber , with his Domestic Chaplain Robinson, visited Tanjore in 1806 and recorded his impressions of Serfoji-II.

The White Paper placed before the Madras Legislature on 29th September 1956 could not be discussed before the legislature was dissolved on 25th October 1956. Parliamentary and State elections intervened in early 1957. After the new ministry assumed office , a cabinet commit was appointed to consider the future of local administration. It presented a revised provisional conclusions in the shape of another White Paper in October 1957. It set out a five-year programme commencing from 1957 -1958 for complete coverage of the state with panchayats constituted under the Madras Village Panchayats Act of 1950 , and aimed at improving the efficiency of panchayat administration , and reducing the evil of factions in the panchayat organisation

The government has brought all women empowerment program, women development programs and women welfare programs under one umbrella by merging the various sectors and now it is being implemented in mission mode. Indeed national mission for women empowerment is the boom to Indian empowerment who remained out of stream of the development. The experience indicates that the needs and requirements of the women staying in the remote villages without assured source of livelihood are facing tremendous problems. The main reason for this is either the appropriate programs are not planned and implemented in view of the prevalent situation and second reason is if the programs are implemented major portion of women populations has remained out of benefit of the government schemes. Therefore more resources are needed to cover the needy and deserving women. The paper highlighted the focus area such as health, drinking water, sanitation, employment opportunities, skill development, access to financial resources etc.

The Post-modernism has been visualized in art around the end of 19th century, and continued as a reaction to invalidate the term modernism in general. Post-modernism is not a method of doing philosophy, but rather a way of approaching traditional ideas and practices in non- traditional ways. Artist started to scrounge the tools of theories from sociology, political science, and psychology to give fair consideration to art and its expression.

Achieving Higher Customer Satisfaction is a major problem among the retailers by offering quality products and services, but at the same time it is not easy to come out with magical Service offerings which in turn will make the customers happy. Each and every customer expectations and preferences towards retail service offerings are quite common all over the world, but at the same time the customer preference and expectations differs with respect to different region and location. Hence Each and Every Retailer has to understand their customers well and in turn they need to offer quality services in order to achieve greater customer satisfaction. Then only the satisfied customers will be loyal towards such retailers. This Descriptive Research Study mainly focuses on measuring the Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Behavioural Intention of the Hypermarket customers of southern Tamil Nadu cities. The Researcher used convenient sampling method and collected 350 samples using structured questionnaire method. Also Structural Equation Modelling was performed to assess the Data Model Fit and to test the Hypothesis. Finally the Hypothesis was supported empirically and Outcome of the research gives a view on service quality offerings in achieving customer satisfaction. Also it reveals the Behavioural Intentions and its relationship over customer satisfaction.

Religions and spiritual beliefs are an important part of how people deal with life's joys and hardships. Faith can provide students with a sense of purpose and guidelines for living. When students face tough situations, including mental health problems. Their religious beliefs and practices can help then fight feelings of isolation and helplessness, restore meaning and order to life situations and promote regaining a sense control. For some students spirituality can be a powerful and important source of strength. Some medical studies have confirmed that spirituality can have a profound effect on mental health. No one really known for sure how spirituality is related to mental health. However it seems the body, mind and spirit are connected. Some researches show that things such as positive beliefs, comfort and strength gained from religion, mediation and prayer can contribute to healing, a sense of wellbeing may help to feel better, prevent some physical and mental health problems and helps to cope with illness, stress or death.

Chance favors the prepared mind. – Louis Pasteur SWOT analysis is a management tool that can effectively be used for our personal growth. SWOT stands for: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Take a sheet of paper and divide it into four quadrants. Label each area as S, W, O, T. This analysis will help you highlight the aspects of your growth story that you may not have ever considered. This will provide you with a different perspective on your personality. Go ahead, review your strengths, and consider ways to address your weaknesses. Develop your skills and capabilities. Review your opportunities and use them to your advantage. Think of ways to minimize or eliminate your threats. Such actions are a one way ticket to success. Failure has no role to play here, as it just does not exist. All that exists and always did are opportunities and challenges!

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important food legume and an integral part of traditional cropping systems in the semi-arid regions of the tropics. á-galactosidase having lot of applications in various field particularly interest for biotechnological applications in food processing. Activity of purified á-galactosidase of cowpea was observed to be 20U/ml. The enzyme showed optimum temperature 55°C, pH 6.5 and Km was 0.7142 moles/lit. The enzyme strongly inhibited by galactose. As compared to microbial enzyme, cowpea á-galactosidase showed high activity

The samples of Cu Zn AlFe O ferrite system with (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ) were 0.6 0.4 x 2-x 4 prepared by the usual doubled sintering conventional ceramic technique. The powder samples were 0 annealed at 900C for 24 hours and the samples were pressed into pellets of 10mm diameter are sintered 0 at 1100C for 36 hours. The samples were studied by means of D. C. electrical resistivity measurement. 3 The plots of log dc Vs 10 / T exhibit two distinct region known as ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic. The activation energy of paramagnetic region is greater than that in ferrimagnetic region.

Malnutrition is globally the most important risk factor for illness and death, contributing to more than half of deaths in children worldwide; The World Health Organization estimates that by the year 2015, the prevalence of malnutrition will have decreased to 17.6% globally from 1990 levels, with 113.4 million children younger than 5 years affected as measured by low weight for age. The overwhelming majority of these children, 112.8 million, will live in developing countries with 70% of these children in Asia.

An organisation cannot build a good team of working professionals without good Human Resources. In today's scenario, the HR is facing a lot of challenges in successfully running its establishments, which includes both the Management and the Manager of the organisation. Any organisation, without a proper setup for HRM is bound to suffer from serious problems while managing its regular activities. For this reason, today, companies must put a lot of effort and energy into setting up a strong and effective HRM. There are a number of competitive challenges that face human resources management departments, six of which include; going global, embracing technology, managing change, developing human capital, responding to the market and containing costs. Human resources are needed to propel the organization and the nation through the coming challenges with encouragement and motivation.

One strategy that has been used for mathematics teaching is the incorporation of tutorial groups teaching strategy into mathematics lessons. The present study explored the effect of group tutorials teaching strategies on interest in mathematics. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design referred to as pre-test, post test control group design. The sample consisted of 75 students assigned to experimental group and control group. Interest in Mathematics (IIM) was constructed, standardized, validated, and used for the collection of relevant data. The experimental groups were taught the arithmetic, algebra and geometry using group and supervised tutorials model, while the control group was taught the same topics using the conventional method. The data collected was analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference in the interest in mathematics after the intervention of treatment for experimental groups. The group tutorial teaching strategy improved more interest than supervised tutorial teaching strategy and control group.

Librarianship as a profession provides a variety of employment opportunities. Today there are a number of career prospects in Library and Information Science including corporate sectors and the qualified professionals are employed in various libraries and information Centers of national and international repute in various government, public and private sectors. Trained library professionals can find opportunities for employment both as teacher and as a Librarian. The study attempts to identify the choice of Librarianship as a career; its satisfaction and evaluate the perceptions that affect the image of librarianship based on research survey conducted in Bidar district of Hyderabad Karnataka region covering working library professionals. Results reported and conclude with a remark to include Library and Information Science as one of the growing subject on par excellence with other subjects and efforts be made to improve the image of existing libraries and market the prospects of LIS courses to attract the incumbents.

Tourism sector has been regarded as an important economic generator; creates business, offers jobs and improves income. Tourism has emerged as one of the largest industry both in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) and employment in the world today. The internal tourism is now getting importance due to its economic, social, cultural benefits and also it tries to increase national integration. Domestic tourism depends upon basic infrastructure i.e. natural and cultural tourist places, transportation and other essential facilities. It also gives promotion to direct and indirect job opportunities to skilled, unskilled & semiskilled workers & other people. It also helps to promote base for the international tourism (Badaruddin 1996). It develops small-scale industries, local crafts and related industries of the concern region. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council report (2012), Travel & Tourism continues to be one of the world's largest industry. The total impact of the industry means that, in 2011, it contributed 9% of global GDP, or a value of over US$6 trillion, and accounted for 255 million jobs. Over the next ten years this industry is expected to grow by an average of 4% annually, taking it to 10% of global GDP, or some US$10 trillion. By 2022, it is anticipated that it will account for 328 million jobs or 1 in every 10 jobs on the planet.

The replica nodes which are generated by attackers time transmits inappropriate message to the sink in the sensor networks. Existing works presented Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) which reduces the overhead of sensor node transmission on the adversary conditions. However, the sensor node's mobility affected the query range being invoked for detection of replica node location with probability ratio. The energy efficiency of the sensor node also needs to be monitored for effective adversary sensor node detection using SPRT. These replica node attacks are dangerous since they permit the attacker to control the compromise of a few nodes to exert control over much of the network. Numerous replica node detection schemes have been proposed; however, these schemes rely on fixed sensor locations and therefore do not work in mobile sensor networks, where sensors are predictable to move. The Adaptive Traffic Data Control Scheme [ATDCS] in a wireless sensor network is considered to manage the packet creation rate at the sources and transitional nodes in a wireless sensor network. Adaptive Traffic Data Control scheme avoids over-utilizing the network in terms of the node packet buffers and wireless channels. It enhances the data transmission between the sink and the base station and control the packet generation rate at the sinks and intermediary nodes. Performance of ATDCS with FRQ (Finite Range Query) Framework is evaluated by the number of metrics such as energy efficiency, finite range query, bandwidth, adversary replica nodes, delay, reliability, data loss, traffic control rate, scalability and mean packet generation rate. A performance result shows that the ATDCS Framework shows better performance when compared to the Sequential Probability ratio Test [SPRT] model.

-In our current economic climate with volatility and unease continuing to define many work environment- the distinction and loyalty of team is very important. In the case of lack of loyalty, retaining of the talent has become difficult specially Generation Y because they have different views and have completely different definition of happiness and success. The salary and title are no longer enough to motivate Gen Y as they have different set of expectations from the organization. Gen Y wants to fulfill their dreams and want a job that has a meaningful impact in their life, the world and people around them. They have high expectations of their employers, seek out new challenges and are not afraid to question authority. This paper studies about the general personality traits of Generation Y and expectations of Generation Y from its workplace. Everybody talks about innovation in products and services, but innovation in how we work, how we connect and interact, and what we work on may be the more important, more game-changing innovation as we move forward. This research paper is an attempt to suggest an innovative workplace culture to motivate, retain and engage Generation Y.

Effluents from textile industries contain different types of dyes, which consists of high molecular weight and complex chemical structures, low level of biodegradability. Hence, direct deposition of these effluents into the environment cause pollution particularly in aquatic ecosystem. In this investigation, the physicochemical characteristics of the effluent samples were evaluated to ascertain the efficiency of industry's waste water treatment process. Conventional methods were employed for analysis of physicochemical parameters, while heavy metals in the effluent samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained from the physicochemical analysis of all the samples of effluent indicated high temperatures, alkaline pH, foul smell and were highly colored.TDS values in some samples were also very high. All the samples except one sample have high BOD values. The COD values of all the samples were very high indicating high degree of pollution. The results also showed elevated levels of inorganic ions. The concentrations of heavy metals namely Zn, Cd and Pb also very high. Almost all the above characteristics of textile dye effluent have greater variability compared with NEQS standard. Thus textile effluent is a major source of water pollution which will affect the flora and fauna existing in such environments. This study anchors on the need for treatment of textile effluent before discharged into the environment.

Technology interface has been the utmost necessity to every 21st Century college goer. It has become a buzz word without which no learning resources are possible. Computers create an easy and effective way to update and upgrade users with the latest and the most correct knowledge of English language. It stands and proves as the best device providing a close opportunity to deal with the foreign language. Several inbuilt tools and features offer the most convenient approach to learn English. The operating of the device enables to concentrate deep into the instructions, programmes, softwares, and many such language learning related matters. The online and offline base opens up new challenges to acquire language. Daily offline access to the files and folders, dictionaries, encyclopedias, ppts and the online dealings with chats, comments, sharing, emails, blogs, etc widen the scope to the user. The social sites, internet, blogs, chats, emails, etc offer an interesting learning mood; create fun, interaction, inspiration etc. This device provides the language learners a scope to explore, discover, ponder, search, question, answer and receive feedback on any topic. It too enriches the users' technological experience while providing them the easiest and the most accessible and functional approach in learning English language.

Departmental stores contribute to business more significantly than traditional markets which were viewed as simple convergence of supply and demand. Departmental stores attract buyers and sellers, and induce customers providing enough time to make choices as well as a recreational means of shopping. However, competition between departmental stores, malls, congestion of markets and traditional shopping centers has led departmental stores developers and management to consider alternative methods to build excitement with customers. This study has tried to examine the impact of growing congestion of departmental stores in urban areas on shopping conveniences. This study examines the effectiveness of group promotional activities versus localized activities, with the premise that the level of local market dominance will impact on the consumer buying behavior. Based on the survey of urban shoppers, the study analyzed the various intrinsic and extrinsic attributes of the shoppers through consumer buying behavior.

The Development of Tourism basically depends on the factors like Scenic beauty, pleasant weather, water bodies, flora and fauna and infrastructural facilities like hotel, lodging and boarding etc. The present paper aims to examine facilities available for tourist and whether they are satisfied with those facilities at Maldhok wildlife sanctuary, Nannaj Tal- N. Solapur Dist. - Solapur. The satisfaction of tourist is measured by calculating a value which is termed as satisfaction index. This is obtained by the formula. Attempt is also made here that whether this place has potential to develop as tourist center or not.

Migration is a universal phenomenon it occurs due to disparities in regional development; it includes many social, economic and cultural dimensions. Rural youths are more vulnerable to rural to urban migration. The present paper attempt to analyze the causes and concerns relating to rural-urban migration among the rural youths, study also highlights the socio-economic determinants of rural-urban migration, this study was undertaken in Chitradurga district of Karnataka state. The study was carried out amongst 120 rural youths. Research study result reveals that the major causes for rural urban migration are employment, better education and business opportunities. Majority respondents opined that migration helps for their livelihood support.

This paper deals with design of signal generator specifically used for bio-impedance measurement purposes. During bio-impedance diagnosis systems the measuring parameter varies as a function of frequency of the applied signal. The accuracy of the diagnosis mainly depends on the exact value of frequency for which there is a wide variation in the output response. The proposed system implements signal generator circuit which suits for non invasive bio-impedance measurement applications. Hardware section of the system composed of signal generator IC, Isolation transformer, isolated & regulated power supply, Operational amplifier IC and Surface electrodes. The study has been done with 10 individuals for obtaining the value of frequency for which there was good response in output bio-impedance value.

Migration is a universal phenomenon it occurs due to disparities in regional development; it includes many social, economic and cultural dimensions. Rural youths are more vulnerable to rural to urban migration. The present paper attempt to analyze the causes and concerns relating to rural-urban migration among the rural youths, study also highlights the socio-economic determinants of rural-urban migration, this study was undertaken in Chitradurga district of Karnataka state. The study was carried out amongst 120 rural youths. Research study result reveals that the major causes for rural urban migration are employment, better education and business opportunities. Majority respondents opined that migration helps for their livelihood support

Distance education or distance learning or open learning is a great innovation in the field of education. Its purpose is to make higher education more accessible and flexible for the learners who are unable to continue their education in the traditional classroom setting. Starting in 1728 as correspondence courses, distance education has undergone several changes and developments with time and technology. The Indian Government too, realizing the need for distance education, has taken necessary steps and had entrusted University Grants Commission (UGC) and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) to perform the roles and responsibilities in their respective jurisdictions. Despite some disadvantages, distance education is becoming very popular for its flexible choice of courses it provides. As such, with proper vision and co-ordination, it can be utilized to extend the field of education in a country to reach the unreached, the poor, the disadvantaged groups and the rural folks.

In education, children's poor nutrition and health status is rarely recognised as a significant factor for school enrolment, participation and achievement. However, there has been ever growing empirical evidence from global research pointing out that malnourishment among young children influences schooling in several direct and indirect ways. Malnutrition is a wide-spread problem that results from a complex interaction between environmental deprivation and under nutrition. Malnourished children typically experience a range of other environmental difficulties associated with poverty, such as poor housing, poor health-care, weak family and community support systems. There is a need to understand the way child malnutrition and poor health influence access and school participation of children. In this paper, an attempt is made to draw broad contours for developing such an understanding of the issue rooted in the Indian context. A general overview of the research evidence on the linkage between malnutrition and cognitive development has been presented. The scale and nature of malnourishment among young children in India has been detailed, highlighting the distribution across population groups and states in the country. The paper also presents a discussion of the research evidence in India that correlates malnutrition and other factors related to school participation. Further, two major national intervention programmes aimed at early stimulation and improvement of nutritional status of children have been discussed. Based on the analysis presented in the paper, the last section of the paper identifies areas that need further exploration.

IN INDIA contribution of tertiary sector in economic growth cannot be ignored. The share of services sector in GDP of country has risen from 50.4 per cent in 2000-01 to 59per cent in 2011- 20121(iifl) As an important part of tertiary sector theinsurance industry has paid its contribution to this growth of economy.According to Indian economic survey 2011-12 share of banking and insurance industry in service sector was 5.7 per centduring 2011-122having a growth of 13.2 per cent. Therefore it becomes necessary to assess the factors which are responsible for such dynamic growth of insurance sector in India. This paper is an effort to determine the relationship between the key terms of insurance sector (INSURANCE PENETRATION, INSURANCE DENSITY, PREMIUM AMOUNT) taken as dependent variables and the key terms of macroeconomics ( POPULATION, GDP, INFLATION) taken as independent variables.The said relationship has been enlightened with the help of different model buildings as regression equations and their coefficient analysis. T- test and p value analysis related to all dependent and independent variables during the period 1991-2012 in this paper.

Gujjars and Bakkarwals are two important schedule tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who are primarily nomadic in character. The Bakkarwals travel to the upper reaches of the Pir Panjal mountain ranges and even spill as far as Kashmir and Ladakh in search of pastures while the Gujjars trek to the lower and middle reaches of Pir Panjal as part of their annual seasonal migrations for better pastures for their livestock. Both these tribes have suffered due to militancy which erupted in Jammu and Kashmir over two decades ago. Besides, their geographical proximity to the border has also added to the despair of this community along with the other people of the region. Their economy which is totally based on the livestock has been shattered to a great extent due to the political hostility and armed insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir. The proposed paper seeks to explore the impact of militancy on the these nomadic tribes and understand the current echoes of the conflict that once shook the valley besides coming up with recommendations that can alter the lives of the Gujjar-Bakkarwal tribe that once protested this conflict in its crowning.

A good teacher must be good at classroom management. The teacher should guide the students towards self-direction. Rhythm in the classroom is also important. Class culture makes the students feel secure. The teacher's smile, words of encouragement, praise and good attention affect students' behaviour. Soft reprimand is very effective. Self learning and self evaluation are useful for students. Kounin feels firmness at the right place will help in good classroom management.

In this study Tectona grandis leaves were used in removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution conducting batch equilibrium adsorption. The various parameters such as effect of pH contact time, initial concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of Cr(VI) were studied. The maximum percentage removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was 75.83% for 1mg/ml of Tectona grandis leaves with pH 5 at contact time 180 min. The initial concentration of Cr(VI) was 1mg /ml by using Tectona grandis leaves as on agro based origin. The results indicate the adsorbent, used in this work proved to be effective high potential adsorption and technically feasible and locally available materials for the treatment of Cr bearing aqueous solution.

This research discusses the present condition of Muslim women in Pakistan - Afghanistan portrayed in the film 'Khuda Kay Liye'. This film examines the question of ill-treatment given to Muslim women, their illiteracy, rights and freedom. It also focuses upon how Maulavi misguides these people under the name of Islam. What was the condition before and after 9/11 attack on WTC (World Trade Center)? How the innocent Muslims had to undergo an ordeal to prove their innocence etc. This paper aims to study that the Muslims have banned their women to wander in the society without veil. Instead of taking an education they should obey the rules bounded them. They must work and behave as they are slave and born to serve the men.

Food is one of the basic necessities of life. From the day a human being is born on the earth, three basic requirements for his existence like food, clothing and house. Out of these food is the major source of existence. Every individual is a consumer while availing various necessities of his or her life.

South Asia is world's most populated subcontinent. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal and Maldives include in this sub continent. Regional, Religious, linguistic and ethnic diversity we can see together, which can not be seen any part of the world. These Nations are facing problems like social, economic and natural etc. There is lot of similarity in these problems and because of geographical proximity one nation's problems affecting to the other nations. America and Russia these two Super Powers played the politics of interference and regional balance of power since cold war in South Asian subcontinent.

Risk management is a rapidly developing discipline and there are many varied views and description of what risk management involves, how it should be conducted and what it is for. Risk management should be continuous and developing process which runs throughout the organizations strategy and the implementation of that strategy. It must translate the strategy into tactical and operational objectives, assigning responsibility throughout the organization with each manager and employee responsible for the management of risk as part of their job description. It supports accountability, performance management and reward, thus promoting operational efficiency at all levels.

Multicast routing protocol gives much importance to the priory creation of multicast tree. This priory creation can be done with the help of multicast members, which require individual node to maintain state information. In dynamic network if proper communication is not there, it's not possible to transmit data. In receiver depend multicasting based on the geographical location; it should specify which the correct way to forward the packet is. In this paper we include that Multicast Members are directly sending request to the Source Node, if the requesting files are not available in Multicast Region. Then the Source Node will directly send the requesting file to Multicast Members with the help of RB header.

The 21 century world is witnessing the evils of poverty, exploitation, unemployment, environment degradation, violence, hatred and animosity. Under this paradigm, humanity is struggling for change and improvement. Human suffering has propelled human collectives to search for a more effective development and governance model. In this search for a new model and framework- a model which is inclusive enough to include even the last, a model which is based on the principle of ethics and morality, a model which is sustainable for the present and enough for the future, Gandhian perspective of governance could be the final destination.

The news media fulfils their “Fourth estate' of democracy. Media encourage self government by exposing people to different ideas increasing people's capacity to exercise citizenship and judgment as well as scrutinizing the power. Theoretically media is essential to ensure that all voters posses adequate and equals information above the choices confronting them.

Here is all about how ABL (Activity Based Learning) gives result to teachers for what he teaches and to students for what he learns… It works on basic principle of “I Hear; I forget, I see; I remember, I do; I understand.”

This paper is an inquiry into how corporate hegemony of multinational or transnational firms has emerged in food and agricultural activities worldwide and what social impact it entails. It is evident that the increasing process of concentration and vertical integration in these economic activities has been very harmful, inter alia, for direct producers as well as consumers.

Women and men are the part and parcel of society and they have equal right to fulfill their basic needs as well as live alike their community or society as a whole. Basically if we focus on the status and condition of women, they are not treated equally in society and face discrimination and other similar problems some of which are: subordination and control, violence, humiliations, oppression, exploitations, subjection and so on. Unfortunately status of women gets confined based on sexual division of labour and which has made male dominated society impose on them treating women as a subordinate.

The mathematical forms today has more and more new applications for day to-day life and rapid growth of desired application helps to develop more and more new fields of mathematics. Reasoning skills are recognized as the key abilities for human being to create, learn, and exploit knowledge. The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of reasoning ability on mathematical ability of secondary school students in Shimoga District, Karnataka. The research examined the differences in mathematical ability according to sex as well as the differences in mathematical ability of students based on the level of reasoning ability. The study involved 100 form VIII standard students (50 boys and 50 girls). The Mathematical Ability Inventory constructed and standardized by the researcher and Verbal Reasoning constructed by George K. Bennett, Herold G. Seasbore and Alexander G. Women were used to measure mathematical ability and reasoning ability of students respectively . The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to determine the mean, standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson's coefficient of correlation. The findings of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between mathematical ability and reasoning ability. This study also shows there is a difference in mathematical ability of students based on their level of reasoning ability, while low reasoning ability students have low level of mathematical ability. Therefore, teachers should strive to understand reasoning ability and implement teaching and learning strategies so that students can improve their reasoning ability. Computer programming enhances problem-solving abilities and promotes creativity and reasoning ability of students.

The current piece of work was carried out to determine the problems of women panchayat representatives of Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir for the conduction of study the women panches of the said district were interviewed by using an interview schedule. After collecting the data it was found that women panchayat members suffer a number of problems in the area of education, family and especially they are not given the equal treatment as male panchayat members are given

There is a potential contribution of Dalit women writers for Dalit literature is remarkable. Self-experience and burning indignation reflected in the Dalit writings. Muktabai, an untouchable girl who read her essay on the problems and sufferings of untouchables in the school established by the great reformer Jotiba Phule, in 1852, was the first example. After a period of a century or more Dalit women have awakened and are again giving literary expression to their deep feelings.

The nutrient intake of plants through a process of natural fertilization, alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers (whose aggressive and non-sustainable impact on the environment has now been demonstrated) is a factor often overlooked in bioremediation and revegetation endeavours concerning natural landscapes altered by mining operations (sand quarries and pit-crushing, mining extraction fields, and industrial works , oil rigs, road and urban work embankments and backfills, cement works extraction sites). Several functions essential to the growth of newly relocated vegetation need an adequate supply of organic matter in cations exchange capacity (CEC) defined by a clay-humus complex involving calcium, magnesium, potassium and nitrogen elements. Nutritional deficiencies have serious consequences on the life and survival of newly planted vegetation, especially on disturbed landscape and soil. In order to rehabilitate degraded land located in a former sand quarry located at Ouled Boudjemaa, Ain Témouchent Wilaya (Algeria), we conducted an experimental study in a culture chamber (in vitro) and on the field (in vivo) for the development of a new methodological approach using compost fertilizer from recycled residues from edible oils and fats Industry. Such waste, rich in organic matter from plant origin, has also the advantage of enrichment in terms of cations exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil from these quarries and mines through the clay contained in "The Bleaching Earth" used in the refining process; which is lacking, particularly in these mineralized and highly degraded soils. Our preliminary results come down to some key parts that these neutralization and refining clay residues play an important role in the development attempts concerning new Acacia saligna plantations (legume originating from Australia which was chosen for its ability to adapt to poor and xeric soil as well as for its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen after its incorporation into the soil) which we have first subjected to experimental testing and monitoring in a culture chamber and then on the field for several months in order to assess the impact of their emission on the environment (soil, groundwater, etc ...) due to their content in heavy metals and other probable contaminants.

The quality of the patterns which are the results of data mining is depends upon the quality of data supplied to it. Most of the real time databases which are the sources for data mining posses the deficiency in terms of completeness, correctness and consistency. Improving the quality of data in terms of completeness is a challenging task. Many methods were proposed for imputing the missing values for homogenous attributes. This paper proposes a mixed kernel function, which imputes the missing values for the mixed attributes (the independent attributes are heterogeneous). The mixed kernel function is an integrated unit which adopts the right method to impute the value for right attribute. For the categorical attribute, our kernel function first assigns the mode value and the iteration continues till the right (most probable) value gets converged and for the discrete attribute the mean value gets assigned and the iteration continues till the most probable value is reached. The mixed kernel function is tested with a sample database; it proves that it is performing well in terms of accuracy and iterations compared to linear kernel function.

Without understanding the Indian society, its nature - social structure, pattern of land holding, caste structure, the problem of rural villages, it may not be possible to understand the working of rural local Governments in India. Since Indian society is based on caste system and consequent social inequality, only the people from higher social status used to be involved in the process of administration, directly or indirectly.

Tourism in India, though yet to achieve its full potential, has made rapid strides in recent years. The 10th Five Year Plan of India has also identified tourism as one of the major sources for generating employment and promoting sustainable livelihood. Tourism can therefore, prove to be a viable option towards rural growth and development by giving an opportunity to the tourists to explore the unexplored parts of Rural India. In the past ten years, with changes brought in by globalization, liberalization and economic reforms, handloom sector has been facing adverse government policies and discriminatory.....

In the present study, we analyze the effect of heat source on Non-Newtonian fluid flow between infinite parallel plates in the presence of aligned magnetic field Casson fluid model is used to characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior. The coupled linear partial differential equations are solved by converting into ordinary linear differential equations by choosing the axial velocity, normal velocity and temperature field as a functions of y and t along with corresponding boundary conditions. The expressions are obtained for axial velocity, normal velocity and temperature field. The model has been analyzed to find the effects of various parameters such as, heat source parameter decay parameter, Casson parameter and Hartmann number on the axial velocity, temperature distribution.

The present study concentrations on MHD dusty fluid flow over a moving horizontal plate with one in uniform motion and the other plate at rest with uniform suction at the stationary plate is discussed. The governing Navier–Stokes equations for the flow are reduced to a fourth order linear ODE and analytical solutions are obtained by similarity transformation. The axial and transverse velocities of the dusty fluid, velocity of the dust particles were presented. Analytical expression is specified for the velocity field and the things of the several parameters arriving into the problem are discussed with the help of graph.

The situation of Scheduled caste women in India needs special attention. They are one of the largest socially segregated groups anywhere in the world, and make up 2% of the world's total population. Scheduled Caste women (or Dalit women) are discriminated against three times over: they are poor, they are women, and they are Dalits. Scheduled caste women constitute half of the ca. 200 million Scheduled caste population and 16.3 of the total Indian female population. The traditional taboos are the same for Dalit men and Dalit women. However, Scheduled caste women have to deal with them more often. Dalit women are discriminated against not only by people of higher castes, but also within their own communities. Men are dominant in Dalit communities. Dalit women also have less power within the Dalit movement itself. Women are active in large numbers in the movement but most leadership positions in the organizations, local bodies and associations have until now been held by men.

A very well known work and Bellow himself considered it a masterpiece. In this novel he is concerned with depth study of character and human situation leading to a meaningful resolution. In this novel, Tommy Whilhelm, the protagonist of the novel, in his middle forties lives at Hotel Gloriana with his father Dr. Adler. In that society people talk to each other, do business, pass the time of the day but no compassion, no understanding and love. All his decision have ended in a sort of fiasco : “He had decided that it would be a bad mistake to go to Hollywood and then he went, he had made up his mind not to marry his wife, but ran off and got married.” (STD, 23).

The term Quality of Work Life (QWL) includes relationship between employees and their working environment while Quality of Life (QOL) is a phrase used to refer an individual's total wellbeing which includes emotional, social, and physical aspects of the individual life. The working environment aspects are the major determinants of overall QOL of employees. Since a higher proportion of women from all social classes are engaged in paid employment than ever before, researcher made an effort to throw lights on impact of QWL of working women on their QOL on the basis of review of literature. Review concludes that, physical environment and psychological conditions of employment plays important role in predicting QOL of working women.

The parallel theme of Sisypheanism has been explored in Happy Days where a lonely woman grapples with the endless series of nothingnesses by taking a nostalgic dip in her past or bygone days or by carrying on repeatedly the same daily rituals. Apart from this, she takes the help of classic texts or quotations to overcome the overwhelming situation,as she is sinking day by day into the mound of earth. The dramatic conflict springs from the indomitable attitude of the woman and the universe that nullifies her human effort. The more the world appears challenging, the more she betrays her courage. Like the mythical Sisyphus she tides over the surrounding nothingness in reasserting meaning out of inherently absurd situation.

Safflower is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual. It is commercially cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds. Plants are 30 to 150 cm (12 to 59 in) tall with globular flower heads having yellow, orange, or red flowers. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head. Safflower is native to arid environments having seasonal rain. It grows a deep taproot which enables it to thrive in such environments. Safflower is one of humanity's oldest crops. Chemical analysis of ancient Egyptian textiles dated to the Twelfth dynasty identified dyes made from safflower, and garlands made from safflowers were found in the tomb of the pharaoh Tutankhamun.(1) John Chadwick reports that the Greek name for safflower occurs many times in Linear B tablets, distinguished into two kinds: a white safflower, which is measured, and red which is weighed.

In this paper attempt is made to state and record the personal and neighbourial background of the juveniles. The theory advocated here is the collection of bio-data's of the juveniles by posing them some questions in order to know the root causes and mental status of the juveniles. It is just the pre-profiling method used by which we can contrast some predictions to which they lead us. Although the study is based on full research steps by collection of certain review of literatures the main focus in this thesis is to firstly find out the main reasons of delinquency natures in the juveniles and secondly to acquire immense knowledge about the subject matter. The main concentration is given on the Family and Personal background of the juvenile including their literacy level. Through these findings we can come to certain conclusions about the juveniles and their mental present status so as to why and how they become the delinquents.

Lipases are ubiquitous enzymes of considerable physiological significance and industrial potential. In the present study, soil sample was aseptically collected from oil-spilled areas of Rasipuram, Namakkal district, Tamilnadu. The study resulted predominant organisms was identified as Bacillus sp. The isolates were found to be accelerated at optimized culture conditions such as medium pH, temperature and various substrate concentrations. From the results, it is concluded that the enzyme production effecting at pH 6.0 and temperature-37°C by Bacillus sp. The influences of growth period on lipase production by Bacillus sp (Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus stearothermophilus) were assessed by culturing it on production media for 48 hours. Further the influence of different substrate on lipase production was also assessed on the optimized substrate, which maximizes the lipase production. Among the tested substrates, Bacillus stearothermophilus showed maximum activity (48 mg/ml/min) in cardamom oil at pH 6 than other Bacillus sp. tested. Maximum lipase activity was achieved by the following Bacillus sp. Such as B1 and B2 at 37C for 24 to 48 hours. The purification method that consist of Ammonium sulphate precipitation, Dialysis, Column chromatography and Molecular determination by SDS PAGE. In Genotypic characterization, Amplification of DNA (PCR) was studied.

The present study is on pro-social behaviour and stress perception of higher secondary students. Pro-social behaviour refers to the phenomenon of people helping each other with no thought of reward or compensation. Stress perception is the feelings or thoughts that an individual has about how much stress they are under at a given point in time or over a given time period. This study was conducted in Cuddalore district in Tamil Nadu and survey method was employed. 836 students were selected by adopting stratified random sampling technique as sample, in which 425 were boys and 411 were girls, 404 students from rural and 432 students from urban schools, 179 students from boys', 125 students from girls' and 532 students from mixed schools. The investigator has found that the pro-social behaviour of higher secondary students is average. Stress perception of higher secondary students is average. Also it reveals that there is significantly low correlation and negative relationship exists between pro-social behaviour and stress perception.

Indian woman in competitive sports are far behind their western counterparts from the point of view of either participation or achievement. This poor record might be attributed to the Indian traditions and customs which even today are ruled by age old belief based on superstitions rather than scientific principles. In recent times women are increasingly participating in competitive sports. The purpose of the study was to assess the opinion of students regarding decline in sports participation at intercollegiate women competition. The study was conducted on 90 women respondents of Degree Colleges affiliated to Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka. The Opinionnaire pertaining to Identification of Factors for Decline in Sports Participation prepared by the researcher was used for the present study. The Chi-square statistical technique was adopted for the present study. It was concluded that there was significant relationship of Students' Opinion towards decline in sports participation at intercollegiate women competitions and type of Management and Level of Participation. More students opined that sports women were agreed lack of fund and facilities and they need moral support and encouragement from the parents and college management side. Women must be empowered through participating in sport and this will increase the number of women participating in sport at college levels.

The concept of 'tribe' and 'tribals', as used in contemporary India, refers to communities more or less distinct from Hindu and Muslim society. These include hunter-gatherers and swidden cultivators, as well as some communities of pastoralists and plough agriculturists, generally resident in upland and forest regions. Taken together these groups make up approximately 8.03percent of the Indian population. They are listed in a separate schedule of the Constitution of India. These 'Schedule Tribe' can avail of affirmative action in government jobs and parliamentary seats, as mandated by the Constitution. Whereas the tribes of central India have maintained closed links with mainstream, especially Hindu, Civilisation, the tribes of north-east have until very recently, been quite distinct from this 'mainstream'.

This paper gives brand architectural model of three tourist nations, which are ranked amongst top 32 tourist destinations by United Nations World Tourism Organizations (UNWTO) and top 34 tourist destinations, under travel and tourism index by World Economic forum. These tourist nations are United Arab Emirates, Malaysia and Australia. The methodology used is the case study method. Identification of attributes from secondary sources journals, white papers and websites of the above mentioned three nations have been done. They have been validated with in-depth interviews of foreign nationals. This paper is unique as it is for the first time that brand architectural model has been developed for these nations using theoretical framework of destination branding.

The condition of Cleft lip and cleft palate is considered to be one of the congenital conditions which affect the parents and children physically, emotionally and economically. There is a need to identify the problems experienced by the parents and its impact on their quality of life. Aim: To study the correlates of Quality of Life (QoL) of parents with Cleft Lip and Palate children. Materials and Methods: 50 parents of children in the age group of 1 ½ to 5 years with Cleft Lip and Palate were taken for the study....

The theme for this year's World Environment Day Campaign is” Think Eat Save-Reduce Your Footprint”. It is an anti food waste and food loss campaign. Wastage of food is a mountable issue at international level but has a grave concern in India especially. This paper deals with this problem which is associated not only to the development of the economy but also with the physical and mental growth of the people of India. There is positive correlation between the standard of living and food wastage. Just, the faster growth rate of population is not responsible for the problem but the root cause lies in Indian cultural and traditional social set up. Lack of storage facilities cold stores, unexpected natural calamities, less expenditure on R&D in agriculture and unaware farmers regarding the advanced technologies and outdated farming method also contributed to the problem. Hunger, malnutrition and increasing graph of environment degradation are some consequences of this curable disease.

The disabled population of India is around 5-6% of total population. If we talk about their role in productivity in Indian economy, the first question arise in our mind is that their employability in government and private sectors. Researches have shown that there are less than 1% population of disabled is engaged in employment. The present paper attempts to provide basic information on the current scenario with respect to employment of disabled people in the Government, private sector and in self employment initiatives and also raised the issues and challenges with few suggestion to overcome the problem.

Organisational climate of school can be denoted differently as the feel of school or school personality or school environment or school atmosphere, the condition prevailing, the zeal & the tone of an institution. It is a relatively enduring quality of the internal environment of an organization that is experienced by its members that influence their behavior . The interpersonal relationship of a teacher with her superior or subordinates is very important. It is the resultant accumulated effect of the ways in which the human resources interact among themselves when they fulfill their prescribed roles while satisfying their individual needs.

The Guptas Started a new epoch in the history of ancient India. The Puranas, Sastras, the Niti Sastras of Narada, the dramas of Kalidasa supply us with a good deal of information regarding the cultural activities of the Gupta Period. In the domain of sculpture the Gupta period witnessed the highest development. The Gupta sculpture may be regarded as typically Indian in every sense of the term. The Gupta artists and craftsmen were also capable in working metals. Painting of Ajanta are religious by nature, where a Bag printings are purely secular.The era is also termed as golden age of ancient Indian History

Now-a-days the concept of mutual funds is very popular in India. Globally, mutual funds have become popular as an effective investment intermediary to mobilize savings into the financial markets. The Indian mutual fund industry has grown immensely in the past couple of decades and has emerged as one of the most dynamic segment in Indian financial system. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the performance of Growth, Income, Balanced and Tax saving funds in terms of risk and return and contrast with market Benchmark. The judgment has been made with benchmark portfolio during the period April 7, 2012 to March 30, 2013. Performance measures applied are, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, Jensen alpha and coefficient values. It is found that majority of the schemes under selected funds have acquired handsome return and less systematic risk than the market portfolio. Tax saving fund have performed well in market and got first rank whereas Balanced and Equity fund have acquired second and third rank respectively. At last Income fund schemes were found worst among all due to less return.

Micro, Small and Medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a key role in the development of economies with their effective, efficient, flexible and pioneering entrepreneurial spirit. The Micro & Small Enterprises (MSEs) Sector continue to be a vibrant sector of the Indian economy. It is estimated that there are about 12.8 million units (over 90 per cent of total industrial units) in this sector employing nearly 31 million people. This sector contributes nearly 39 per cent of the total industrial production and accounts for approximately 33 per cent of the total exports. This sector has consistently registered a higher growth rate than the rest of the industrial sector. There are over 6500 products ranging from traditional to high-tech items, which are being manufactured by the small enterprises in India. After agriculture, the MSEs sector provides the maximum opportunities for both self-employment and jobs in the country. The small enterprises sector in India holds great potential for further expansion and growth in the future.

Since the world view is incredibly diverse and communications come in such a wide variety of forms, it is important to know many appropriate and helpful interpersonal skills. The ever-growing need for good communication skills in English has created huge demand for English teaching around the world. Millions of people today want to improve their command of English or to ensure that their children achieve a good command of English. And opportunities to learn English are provided in many different ways such as through formal instruction, travel, and study abroad, as well as through the media and the Internet. The worldwide demand for English has created an enormous demand for quality language teaching and language teaching materials and resources. Learners set themselves demanding goals. They want to be able to master English to a high level of accuracy and fluency. Employers, too, insist that their employees have good English language skills, and fluency in English is a prerequisite for success and advancement in many fields of employment in today's world.

This study seeks to discuss comprehensively the madness and sexual politics in Margaret Eleanor Atwood's The Edible Woman, defining her feminine sensitivity and exposure of female problems. The denial of victim position of the protagonist, the acceptance of the victim position and the repudiation of the victim position by baking a cake as an act of repudiating the victim position is discussed. The modern way of consuming independent and modern, yet victimization of women by considering women as a consumer product, have been studied in the article. However, the strong women character of Atwood who does not passively accept their victim position is seen to be rebelling against the male oppressors. In this article Marian the protagonist is seen to be victimized by her boy friend Peter and how she struggles to come out of the victim ambit in the end. Atwood's statement of creating women characters with flaws and faults in them without having them pronounced as sluts, monsters, angels and witches have been justified.

A series of pyranopyrazoles was efficiently synthesized via one-pot, three component reaction aromatic aldehyde, pyrazolone, and malononitrile in the presence of Ethyl lactate as a green solvent. The present protocol offers the advantages of clean reaction, short reaction time, high yield, easy purification and economic availability of the solvent.

The Varnashrama Dharma devised by Manu, which once intended to create an order in the Indian society, in the gradual process became the root cause of social injustice and discrimination on the basis of Indian caste system. Consequently, caste ridden Indian society lost its spirit of brotherhood, unity and national integration. Hindu priestly class was more interested to serve their own petty interests and religion was confined to mere outward performance of empty religious ceremonies and rituals.

The Poona Pact of 1932 actually is an agreement between the Hindu leaders and the Dalit representatives. It took place on 24th September, 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune. The British Government which thought of giving independence to India invited the delegates of India from various classes to assemble at the London's Round Table Conference. In the first Round Table Conference Gandhi and Congress hadn't participated and therefore the British Government organized the second Round Table Congress which involved their participation. The participants of this conference were Gandhi, Ambedkar, Nehru, Madan Mohan Malviya, Rajgopalachari and others. But in this conference the actual representative on behalf of Dalits was only Ambedkar. Due to this, a inbread theoretical conflict emerged between Ambedkar and the other delegates of the conference.

Women empowerment is the front line area for development in developed and undeveloped countries. Rising awareness about women's status has drowned the attentions of the policy makers and planers to take appropriate action to protect women's right and enhance their capabilities to live with dignity. Millennium development goals have special emphasis on women's status. In case of India soon after independence the programs and policies related to women got momentum. Even today one finds that educational level of women is comparatively low especially in rural areas and the situation is worst in tribal areas. On this background, government is consistently making its efforts for women development. On this background this paper emphasizes the theoretical foundation of women empowerment in view of national policy for empowerment of women. The policy emphasizes the advancement, empowerment and development of women for eliminating the discrimination at micro, meso and macro level. This paper discusses the judicial legal system for main streaming the gender perspective in development process. The economic empowerment of women, social empowerment of women and educational empowerment of women along with their rights are discussed in detailed. Operational strategies, action plan, institutional mechanism, resource management, legislation related to women, gender sensitization, constitutional provisions for reservation, voluntary sectors and international cooperation is highlighted to the extent, that provides the policy formation guidelines to the organizations working in this fields.

In this study is aimed at finding out the difference between Happiness among +2 Mathematics students in terms of six variables viz. Sex, Residence, Family Type, Family Income, Participation in Sports & Games, and Dance & songs. It is revealed that Happiness is found more among Female students than Male students, those who Participate in Dance and Songs than their counterparts. It is found independent of their Residence, Family Type, Family Income, and Participation in Sports and Games.

The exploitation of microwave for assisting different organic reactions has blossomed into an important tool in synthetic organic chemistry with large horizon of applications. A rapid, clean and environmentally being synthesis of Schiff bases has been developed using condensation of 2- hydroxyl.....

Human Resource Development climate studies is gaining wider acceptance in Indian organisations. It is well understood that growth of Industry is significant with the growth of manpower. Congenial work environment is the base for creation of favourable climate in any Industry for growth related issue. Measuring work culture accesses the strengths and weakness of employees in the Industry. The paper attempts to measure HRD Climate through OCTAPACE Culture, general climate and HRD Mechanism Implementation dimensions in Indian public sector power Industry.

Library and information professionals are plays versatile role in different areas of libraries and information centers to meet the expectations and needs of the present situation innovation and development of information and communication Technologies (ICTs) and different library software and its application in the field of library and information Science (LIS) create changes in entire library management system. This paper highlights the concepts of ICT and application of ICT in Libraries. Also the paper discusses the challenges of LIS Profession in ICT environment.

Doctors are considered to be the visible gods. They give life to the people who are suffering with various diseases, injuries, defects etc. Doctors are the trustworthy person when a patient approaches doctors with an ailment will presume that he is the rights and capable person to cure his defect. In India section 357 of the criminal procedure code, 1973 empowers the criminal court to award compensation to the victim with passing judgment of conviction. The criminal courts to award compensation on consideration of the nature of crime, justness of claim of the victim and ability of the accused to pay, the distinction between torts and crime has been reduced to that extent that the degree of negligence in criminal liability is higher than that of negligence in tortuous liability.

Mahapatra occupies a prominent place in contemporary Indian English poetry. Artistically also,, he is a highly talented poet who knows well how to handle his poetic tool. His use of images and symbols in poetry speaks volumes of his trained mind and disciplined art. The images he uses acquire the symbolic overtones. Mahapatra's enchanting expression of quite meditativeness, slightly tinged with sorrow and nostalgia the ubiquitous religious and cultural ambience of Orissa bestows a distinctive quality upon his verse. Among the poets of India very names are quoted with a quality of expressing the social awareness intheir poems.

Gujjars and Bakkarwals are two important schedule tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who are primarily nomadic in character. The Bakkarwals travel to the upper reaches of the Pir Panjal mountain ranges and even spill as far as Kashmir and Ladakh in search of pastures while the Gujjars trek to the lower and middle reaches of Pir Panjal as part of their annual seasonal migrations for better pastures for their livestock. Both these tribes have suffered due to militancy which erupted in Jammu and Kashmir over two decades ago. Besides, their geographical proximity to the border has also added to the despair of this community along with the other people of the region. Their economy which is totally based on the livestock has been shattered to a great extent due to the political hostility and armed insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir. The proposed paper seeks to explore the impact of militancy on the these nomadic tribes and understand the current echoes of the conflict that once shook the valley besides coming up with recommendations that can alter the lives of the Gujjar-Bakkarwal tribe that once protested this conflict in its crowning.

Education is the total process of developing human ability and behavior. “It is a social process in which one achieves social competence and individual growth, carried in a selected, controlled setting which can be institutionalized as a school or college.” (International Dictionary of Education) “Education is organized and sustains instruction to communicate a combination of knowledge, skills and undertaking valuable for all activities of life.” (UNESCO) “Education is the influence exercised by adult generations on those that are not yet ready for social life. Education is the socialization of the younger generation. It is the means by which society prepares within the children, the essential conditions for its very existence education creates a new being.” (Durkheim, Sociology and Education)

Microbial proteases are among the most important hydrolytic enzymes and have been studies extensively since the advent of enzymology. Proteases not only play important role in cellular metabolic activity but also gained considerable attention in the industrial community. Bacillus Stearothermophilus is used for the production of enzyme. It was carried out by using 0 0 soy meal and wheat husk protein source at 33 C ± 2 C temperature with 7.2 pH for 5 days of incubation. The crude enzyme was then checked against different proteinaceous substances, such as blood clot, blood stain feathers, x-ray film, milk coagulation, casein hydrolysis etc. All these substrates get acted upon by proteases enzyme at 370C of temperature within 19 to 94 hrs of incubation. Enzyme shows, 0.478 mg protein/ml, 226.2U/ml activity and 556.9 U/mg protein in the extracted broth.

Changes in circadian rhythms of physico-chemical parameters were studied from a freshwater tank, Siddheshwar temple tank from Solapur city. Diurnal changes in temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, ammonia and turbidity were studied during October - December 2012. The aim of the study was to identify the influence of diurnal variations on these parameters. The diurnal changes were observed by significant increasing / decreasing patterns at an interval of eight hours. The dissolved oxygen content was fluctuated in twenty four hour cycle. This parameter showed increasing trend during night hours. Calcium content of water gradually increased from respective months. Turbidity was found to be significantly increased during night hours. This parameter has followed increasing trend consistently during the year 2012.The circadian rhythms play a major role in fluctuating physico-chemical parameters.

Every individual who are living in the society has certain obligation towards the society. One has to observe the social norms of behaviour. To succeed in the long-term, managers of corporations must take care of their social responsibility and must fulfil the expectation of the society. Business activities must be conducted according to what the society considers desirable, undesirable activities can't be undertaken for the sake of making profits only. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the deliberate inclusion of public interest into corporate decision-making, and the honouring of a triple bottom line: people, planet, profit. Many firms believe that this focus provides a clear competitive advantage and stimulates corporate innovation. This paper attempts to provide a overall framework of the concept of CSR in India including the various CSR models and the overview of the current voluntary CSR practices by corporate in India with examples of CSR practices by some of the best corporate firms in India and seeks to analyse how far the CSR practices has become an important part of strategic goals of corporate in India.

The expansion of cell Phones during past decade has made it common place for students. Cell phones infrastructure has changed during the past decade and this increase has become so apparent that we hardly ever come in contact with someone who does not possess a mobile phone or other mobile device. It is becoming increasingly easy and inexpensive for teenagers to contact friends and access information via their mobile phones. Therefore, the study on the social implications of mobile phones is extremely important when it comes to the future of our teenagers. A questionnaire was handed out to secondary school students in Bhopal to find out how cell phones have affected their lifestyles. The social implications of cell phones, and its applications have on teenagers were identified. The paper concludes with findings, divided into demographics, sexually explicit material and mobile instant messaging, that could prove useful to those directly involved in guiding teenagers to lead a more balanced lifestyle.

NRLM is the largest comprehensive and ground-breaking poverty reduction programme in the world introduced and implemented by the Central Government of India in June, 2011 for giving light-colored opportunity to poor for inclusion in the main stream of the socio-economic development process of the country. NRLM's mandate is to reach out to all the poor families, link them to sustainable livelihoods opportunities and nurture them till they come out of poverty and enjoy a decent quality of life. It works on three pillars such as: 1. Enhancing and expanding existing livelihoods options of the poor; 2. Building skills for the job market outside; and 3. Nurturing self-employed and entrepreneurs (for microenterprises). The real success of this mission is extremely depended on positive approach, proper coordination,professional competency and social accountability of the supportive structures at the National, State, District and Sub-district levels; past experiences also teach us the same.

Malamud uses comic situations, witty dialogues, irony and humor in A New Life to affirm his liberal and humanist values. The staid academic atmosphere of the conservative college is lifted by the use of humor. He also brings into sharp through the comic design of the novel the ongoing debate about the predominance of vocational courses over arts subjects, state funding of educational institutions, academic freedom and behavioral aberrations of the teaching faculty. Thus the paper highlights the functional aspect of the comic design of A New Life which besides providing innocent laughter also serves to highlight various issues related to the academic world.

The services sector is characterized by supplying (often non-material) services to other businesses and consumers. This includes financial services, telecommunications, software, marketing and after-sales service. Flexible staffing as provided by temporary employment agencies is another type of service. The service sector has been growing mainly in trade, hotels, transportation, storage and communication sectors. The growth of these segments has been the result of opening of trade, liberalization of policies, increasing disposable income in the hands of the people and changing consumer attitude and lifestyle. These areas highlight the contribution of the different sectors that have been on high growth trajectory and have boosted economic growth directly or indirectly. While hotels and restaurants contribute least amongst the sectors discussed here, banking & insurance and real estate & business services contribute the most. The professionals who want to develop their career in this field need to give priority to interaction with clients. Especially the business dealing would be on legal documents, which would be in English language. So they need to have learnt English language for their specific purpose.(ESP)

Agriculture has always been the backbone of the Indian economy and deposit concerted industrialization in the last six decades, agriculture still occupies a place of pride. It provides employed to around 60% of the total workforce in the country. The agricultural situation started improving after 1960s with the introduction of high yielding varieties of crops and the development of agriculture infrastructure for irrigation credit Storage and marketing. But Indian agriculture depends upon the monsoon farmers have to face the fury of nature in the form of drought, unseasonable rain which causes extensive damage to crops.

West Pakistan Refugees a displaced community in Jammu Region of Jammu and Kashmir is till date even after six decades of Independence or 1947 Riots or since Partition of India are fighting for the statehood rights, citizenship rights which makes their life miserable. The study explore the issue of displacement and resulted problem of social Identity, their various demands ,political reasons behind this long pending Humanitarian issue. Purposive sampling method, interview schedule vis-a-vis both Primary and Secondary method has been used to collect data for the study

Geography is one of the social sciences. Social geography is one of the branches of geography in which different castes and tribes , their customs and traditions are generally studied .Study of waghyas of Khandoba God temples are neglected by social sciences in general and by social geographers in particular. Hence in the present paper an attempt has been made to throw light upon the Waghyas of the Khandoba by selecting Pal Khandoba Temple of Satara district of Maharashtra as a case study from the view point of social geographical perspective. However specific objectives are to know origin of word and concept of Waghyas , to find out age of initiation, life, nature , native places of waghyas of Pal Khandoba temple., to study socio-economic and demographic aspects of Waghyas and their family members. The study is primarily concerned with Waghyas of Pal Khandoba temple only. The present study is entirely based on primary and secondary data as well on empirical knowledge. Primary data and information are sought through the interview technique and questionnaire method by visiting the villagers, pilgrims, Waghyas , trusty of Khandoba Temple of Pal village.

The Reserve Bank pursued its efforts to impart liquidity to the Government securities market, while trying to diversify the investor base. Measures were also taken to develop the corporate bond market with a view to encouraging wider participation and to enhance liquidity in the repo market. The fluctuations in the foreign exchange market prompted the Reserve Bank to take several measures to contain volatility and encourage stable foreign inflows. For that purpose, the main purpose of this study to explore the investor base and give a platform of financial market arena for different derivative throughout the world trading system.

India has secured the second place in the world having highest population, out of the total population, half of the population covered by women, constitute the largest group which is excluded from the benefits of development. In India, the work participation rate of women is less compared to men. The multiple roles of women and the meager ability to access resources and available assets are areas of concern. It is important to emphasize that women require adequate security and protection to be self-reliant. Among women, widows are the most vulnerable sections of the society. Several studies have pointed out that female widowhood in India tends too be associated with economic deprivation. Yet the amelioration of the socio-economic condition widows in India has not been given due consideration at the level of the central government. Some state governments have introduced special pension schemes fort widows, but the rates of pension schemes, as they exist today, can be said to been effective instrument of social security to women. The Ninth Five year plan adopted the strategy of women's component plan under which not less than 30 per cent of funds or benefits are earmarked in all the women related sectors for women specific programmes. The Tenth five year plan has undertaken to further strengthen the process of women's component plan.

India is facing the problem of increasing cases of sexual harassment at workplace that despite numerous laws in place to tackle the menace. Sexual harassment at a workplace is considered violation of women's right to equality, life and liberty. It creates an insecure and hostile work environment, which discourages women's participation in work, thereby adversely affecting their social and economic empowerment and the goal of inclusive growth. One of the primary reasons of the cases of sexual harassment is the gender insensitiveness ingrained in the Indian society. This gender bias towards women cuts across place, religion, political spectrum and organizations. The gender insensitiveness is the genesis of the problem which needs to be addressed so that the medieval mindset is prevented from spreading its tentacles. Gender inequality is contrary to the unifying idea of a sovereign, democratic republic of our country .There are laws in place to tackle the menace of sexual harassment. However the real solution lies in developing a gender sensitive society where women are accorded dignity and respect, their opinions are valued, their rights are not violated, and their desires and aspirations are nurtured and allowed to flourish. Policy measures backed by the proper implementation of the laws and legislations created to protect women will act as a protective valve that will protect women from sexual harassment and violence. It is only in such a situation that the well-being of women will be ensured which will eventually lead to the true empowerment of women.

Self help group (SHG) is an informal social movement, which is otherwise called as thrift and credit groups and is the self managed group of poor people. This movement stems from people's desire to meet their needs and determines their own destinies through the principle of “by the people, for the people and of the people. The term self help refers to the provision of aid to self, emphasis.....

Several columns chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction of Beta vulgaris subsp. perennis (family Chenopodiacaea) resulted in isolation of quercetin, 4'-hydroxy-5methoxy-6,7- methylenedioxy flavanone, quercetrin and rutin. In addition to the phenolic acids: syrinigic, ferulic and the monoterpene dehydro-vomifoliol. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by spectral methods as well as comparison with reported data. The antioxidant activity indicated moderate activity SC 8.5µg/ml, compared with that of vitamin C (SC 1.24µg/ml). The total ethanolic extract of Beta 50 50 vulgaris subsp. perennis exhibited a mild cytotoxic activity (IC 60.26ìg/ml compared with 50 Doxorubicin IC 21.4µg/ml) against Hep-G2 cells. The ethyl acetate extract (400mg/kg) has nearly the 50 same potency as glibenclamide (5mg/kg), but the aqueous extract (400mg/kg) has higher potency than glibenclamide. The aqueous extract significantly decreased rat hind paw edema thickness compared to control group. Ethanolic extract has no anti-inflammatory effect.

The present research statement of the problem is “Self-Concept of junior college students.” The objective of the study is to examine the overall self-concept of junior college students. Another objective is to examine the physical, social, temperamental, educational, moral and intellectual....

The paper titled “Strategic financial Management” being submitted by me discusses the concept of Strategic Financial Management with theoretical explanations of underlying concepts. There is an effort to throw light on different aspects of the concept so as to provide a base for further work. In the review of literature, two papers have been discussed each with a rich bibliography and precedents. The review is narrowly focused on interrelationship between capital structure decision of a firm & its competitiveness under conditions of environmental uncertainty & another one reviews the work done to study the link between strategy variables & capital structure. The term paper is based on the knowledge obtained from earlier research work in the domain & academic text books.

Background: History of road traffic accident and resulted in brain injury. Craniotomy was done to the patient. Patient proceeded to rehabilitation unit after suffering problems in his daily living tasks. Aims and objectives: To describe the evaluation, management and rehabilitation of head injury patient. Treatment: The patient had medical and surgical treatment for the brain injury and was receiving physiotherapy treatment from last 6 months.Uniqueness: This case is unique in terms that it involves a patient with traumatic brain injury which results in frontal lobe disorder later especially in cognition and problem solving approaches. Conclusions: By presenting this case report, we hope a understanding and necessity of physiotherapy management and rehabilitation in head injury patient after discharge from hospital and how to return to one's normal independent life.

Jhumpa Lahiri is one of the most promising and highly respected Indian American writers in America. In Interpreter of Maladies, she depicts diasporic life of South-Asian Americans. History serves as foreground rather than background in her stories. Several short stories in this collection are dealing with the important historical events like the partition of India and the Independence of Bangladesh，the racial prejudice and exclusion inflicted on South Asia immigrants by the US and the distorted construction of the East in Orientalism, etc. By employing the lens of memory theory like personal memory, collective memory and counter-memory, this paper intends to explore the important relationship between history and memory in the stories. Personal memories serve as a counter-memory to the official history of India and a speaking voice to disclose the sins of British colonial rule, condemn the American exclusion and racism towards ethnic minorities. Through these counter-memories, the subaltern people can speak their own voice of rebellion and deconstruct the binary oppositions of center /periphery, self /other.

The study was intended to find out the goal orientation of distance education students of various universities in Tamil Nadu, India. Random Sampling Technique was used to compose a sample of 1040 distance education students Mean, Standard Deviation and t value were calculated for the analysis of data. The result revealed that the gender, type of family, medium of instruction had no significant difference but, locality, course of study exhibited significant difference in respect of their goal orientation of distance education students

Cathodic analysis of process parameters for the electrodeposition of zinc has been carried out using direct current. Influence of current density on the deposition process was also investigated. Cathode current efficiency and deposit thickness were determined by weight measurement method. Cathodic polarisation and Bath agitation measurements were used to study the mass transport conditions of the electrolytic bath. Cathodic polarisation studies revealed that bath agitation and composition had significant effect on the limiting current density and hence mass transport of the bath. Effect of temperature on the deposition process and textural, morphological and phase structural characteristics of the alloy were also studied with FESEM analysis. It was observed that cathode current efficiency (CCE%) was dependent on the current density and bath temperature, while deposit thickness was dependent on current density, bath agitation and time. Temperature and pH changes had marked influence on the morphology of the deposits.

Women empowerment is a complex process. It is also the relative concept. This process differs in various contexts. In Indian society though the women's status is considered as the secondary status, this process has the context of culture religion and the position of women in the family and in society. The literacy level is low, employment level is also low but their contribution in economy is substantial. Gender discrimination is the universal phenomena but it is predominant in Indian Society. Government is trying to empower women so that they can make more significant contribution in various walks of life. At family level her contribution is not only concerned with financial and economical support to the family but her contribution to care and rare the family members, to socialize the children, to take care of elders, to make the progress of their children and to maintain the good health- physically and mentally, such activities are not counted in terms of economy. Hence her contribution is observed to be at lower side as compared to male. Therefore, government of India is trying to maintain their status by enacting various policies, acts, rules and regulations. Constitution is the base for all such activities. The universal declaration of Human Rights has given equal status to women. However, at root level the gap remained as wider as possible in different corner of the nation. In this paper the constitutional provisions related to equal status are discussed in detail. The Directive Principles of State Policy which serves as a safeguard is discussed in this paper in detail. Various Acts and its social implications are explained in detailed. Among them Protection of women from domestic violence, Widows remarriage act, women's right to property, medical termination of pregnancy, Maternity benefit act, Family court act, SIT act, etc are very crucial which has to improve women's status by protecting her Rights.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of yogic practices, aerobic training and combined training (combination of yogic practices and aerobic training) on forced expiratory volume of adolescent boys. To achieve the purpose of this study, sixty adolescent boys were selected randomly from new Modern Vidhya Mandhir Higher Secondary School, Puducherry. The subject's age ranged between 14 to 17 years. They were divided into four equal groups namely Group A, Group B, Group C and Group D, each group consisted of 15 subjects. Group 'A' underwent yogic practices, Group 'B' underwent aerobic training, Group 'C' underwent combined training (combination of yogic practices and aerobic training) five days per week for 12 weeks and Group 'D' acted as a control who did not involve in any special training apart from their daily routine. The forced expiratory volume was the selected variable for this study. The forced expiratory volume was assessed by Spirolab version three, before and after 12 weeks training. The Data was collected and analyzed statistically by analysis of covariance to find out the significant level. The result of the study showed that there was significant effect of yogic practices, aerobic training and combined training on forced expiratory when compared to control group. The study concluded that all the three experimental groups have improved when compared to the control group. But the combined training group was superior to the other two experimental groups on forced expiratory volume. Hence, the study reveals the regular practicing of yogic practices, aerobic training, and combined training improve the forced expiratory volume.

The Shopping bags are necessary part of our life. It is a tool of advertising and promotion as well as a major utility product. Carrying the branded shopping bags are become the status symbol now days. These are even collectibles for so many people because of their art, design and aesthetic values. No doubt the shopping bags are considered as an example of Art and design. These come in vary shapes and materials. Every shopkeeper advertises their product, services and brand through shopping bags. Now with the upcoming technology, much different kind of printing methods and materials is being used in shopping bags construction. These are available in paper, card board or even plastics, but the pollution and environment hazard caused by the plastic bags is a major concern. Due to the demand of clients, the experiment in shopping bags is being done time to time and due to this, the face of traditional type cloth made bag has totally changed.

-In this review paper shows that the growth and study of single crystal barium iodate by gel technique. In this work there were three month data collected is shows by the 15 days intervals. By this method good control over nucleation, quality of crystal produces. The optimum conditions were established by varying various parameters such as pH of gel solution, gel concentration, gel setting time, concentration of the supernatant. Crystals having different Morphologies were obtained such as Prismatic, needle shaped, transparent, opaque needle. The characterization also studied using IR spectroscopy

Market centers are economically most important and represent the regional pattern of development. Not only this, but also grant various services like trade, commerce to the region and help in rising social contacts, serve as center of diffusion and become focal point for political and other activities. Hence, market centers have prime economic significance in any region. Markets do not offer the stated functions on an equal basis. This is because their developments depend on many factors including, the spatial and temporal organization of the market systems, range of goods and services in them, their spatial accessibility and integration. As a result, the markets exist in a top down concept of organization whereby lower order ones are linked up to the higher-order ones. The spatial organization of the markets centers and their functions are the foremost consideration in this paper. The eight functions have been selected as the parameters. The Christaller Central Place Model has helped to determine the hierarchy and accordingly the hierarchical orders of market centers have been determined.

The present study was intended to study the television viewing behaviour and the dietary pattern of school going children. The study thus conceived was carried out among the urban school going children of Puducherry belonging to both government and private schools. It was a cross-sectional study. About five hundred and seventy one samples (N=571) belonging to the age group.....