An objective of the present study was to examine the effect of learning medium on Personality Characteristics of school Students. Hypotheses English medium school students will be significantly high Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness than the Marathi medium school students. Second hypothesis was Marathi medium school students will be significantly high neuroticism than the English medium school students. For the present study 200 Sample were selected various schools in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. The effective sample consisted of 200 subjects, 100 subjects were English medium school students and 100 subjects were Marathi medium school students. The age range of subjects was 14-18years Ratio were 1:1. NEO-PI is developed and standardized by Costa and McCrea. Results: English medium school students had significantly high Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness than the Marathi medium school students. Second hypothesis was Marathi medium school students had significantly high neuroticism than the English medium school students

At present, international community is facing a serious challenge in form of religious extremism, fanaticism and terrorism in the name of God. The religious hardliners belonging to all major religious traditions have begun to interpret their religious beliefs to promote their political agenda. Consequently, the unholy nexus was emerged between terrorists and self-styled custodians of various religious communities. Today, all major religious beliefs of various religions are misrepresented and misinterpreted by religious leaders backed by hardcore militant organizations.

Twentieth century is perhaps the most significant era in the history of human race. Year by year, almost month by month, new vistas are open and new sources of knowledge are tapped. Within recent memory our understanding of the world in which we live has been profoundly altered and a revolution, in both our ways of thinking and our daily life has taken place. This revolution has been brought about in large part by the branch of human activity known as science .In the present day world modernization and industrialization, there is a great need of science and technology. Mathematics is the core of all these subjects.

The importance of plants is known to us well. The plant kingdom is a treasure house of potential drugs and in the recent years there has been an increasing awareness about the importance of medicinal plants

In recent years, the discussion about sustainability has risen above average and a huge amount of different terms have been established. This leads to a very broad and unspecified discussion about his topic, especially in economic and business management. In general, the paper consists of three parts. First: The aim of this paper is to focus in the discussion of Sustainable Development (SD) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Second: The author has analyses the sustainability initiatives of some of the top companies across multiple variables related to sustainability. The study of companies the highest reported variables were related to corporate governance, followed by those related to CSR initiatives and measures to improve operational efficiency. Finally, the authors will provide an overview of areas for improvement and impact of CSR's on Sustainable Development

The decision making to invests money in long term projects. A high-quality decision process requires that the choices are feasible and well-formulated, that consequence are understood and well explored, that the preferences are included when comparing the full array of costs and benefits of the proposed decision and the action taken are focused on getting result. In case of a new project, financial viability can be judged on the following parameters: Total estimated cost of the project. Financial viability study is one of the most important areas of financial management. Making investment decision, capital expenditure budget or capital budgeting, means that we must allocate substantial amount of major resources of people, time and technology, intellectual capital and of course money. Financial viability decision pertains to fixed/long-term assets which are in operation and yield a return over a period of time. They therefore involve current outlay in return for series of anticipated flow of future benefits. In particular this research focused on several techniques commonly used to evaluate financial viability of a project namely the Payback Period, Discounted Payback Period, Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return and Profitability Index. Recent studies highlight that financial manager worldwide methods such as the Internal rate of return (IRR) or Non-discounted payback period (PP) models over the Net Present Value (NPV), which is the model academics consider superior.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is known to have important roles in the development of atherosclerosis, which is the underlying cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). In recent years cystatin C has emerged as a potential marker for cardiovascular risk and predicts the cardiovascular events. Malondialdehyde (MDA), produced during lipid peroxidation, is used widely in determining oxidative stress. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) gained importance recently, as it can be measure overall antioxidant power. This present study aimed at assessing antioxidant status by measuring MDA, TAC and its relation with cystatin C. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study group comprised of 145 patients diagnosed as having CAD based on clinical and biochemical criteria. Control group included 66 age and sex matched subjects (non CAD cases) using the same criteria. STASTICAL ANALYSIS: All values are expressed as mean±SD.The results obtained are analysed statistically using the unpaired student t-test to evaluate the significance of differences between the mean values. RESULTS: In this study, significant increase of mean values of serum MDA, cystatin C and significant decrease in TAC level were observed in CAD cases when compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress is markedly observed in CAD cases. MDA, cystatin C are increased and TAC is decreased.

Military was considered as the bedrock of empires and big kingdoms, and no empire could extend itself or sustain its stability and boundaries without the proportionate progress of the armed forces. Whereas the emperors and monarchs have their due share in the pages of history, the commandants, the generals and supporting vast stretch of military occupy the backbench in the historical narration. The status, strength and composition of military varied from kingdom to kingdom and empire to empire. The military of the time of Ashoka, though sufficiently strong was inactive, whereas during the Vijayanagara was very active and alert. Similarly, the composition and conditions, its equipments and training varied from empire to empire depending upon the ambition, the enemy's strength, climate and geographical situations etc. The challenges which were confronting the Vijayanagara the political scenario of the tme, the extent of the empire had created a unique situation necessitating the vast and powerful army and the military system for the sustenance of its stability and for the maintenance of its boundaries. The study of the military system and administration of the Vijayanagara therefore, is as important as the study of its art and literature, its religion and society, its glory and grandeur. It is in this background that the present paper seeks to portray the military administration under the Vijayanagara. In this Article an attempt has been made to probe the organization, maintenance, divisions, set up and military administration of the Vijayanagara.

In the today economical structure creating paradox or line “Excellent far, medium business and subordinate service. Since ancient age in India most of changes in political views but in Rural society and economical system of self sufficient and self-dependence intact till Britisher arrival. In British rule drain process Rural aria and destroy the farms, and related Business on the farm are destroy. In this period most of the farmer expoted by the natural adversity and critical condition of famers not registrate. But last decennial farmers suicide statistical data seen creating fear in mind.

The use of wireless technology in industrial automation systems offers a number of potential benefits, from the obvious cost reduction brought about by the elimination of wiring to the availability of better plant information, improved productivity and better asset management. The automation requires a huge number of cables that highly increase the installation costs. At the physical level, wireless plays an important role towards flexibility and self -configuration in automation. With the use of wireless technologies it is expected to reduce total costs of ownership and maintenance in new automation systems. The paper presents the state-of-art in this knowledge domain discussing the advantages and handicaps of wireless approaches in automation.

The present study is undertaken with a view to find and compare the State Trait Anxiety among Rural and urban Higher Secondary School Students. Its is hypothesized that there exists a non significant difference between the state trait anxiety among the rural and urban higher secondary school students. For verification of these hypotheses, the data was collected from 100[50 from rural areas and 50 from urban areas] higher secondary school students of Jammu District in Jammu and Kashmir by adopting lottery method of random sampling by administering 'State Trait Anxiety Test'developed by Govind Tiwari and Roma Pal. The data collected is subjected to statistical analysis, namely,mean,standard deviation and t- test. The findings of the present study revealed that there exist a non significant mean differences(t=0.3280)between the score of state trait anxiety among rural and urban higher secondary school students.

- In ever changing world scenario, 'Environmental degradation and Loss of ecosystem services' made the word 'Sustainable Development' a sine-qua-non of corporate world. 'Sustainable Development' is a mode of human development in which resources are used to meet human needs and to preserve the environment, focus is given not only to present needs but also for ensuing generation, and it has become a core issue to the strategic decision making of every organisation. Indian corporate world has always laid importance on social and environmental responsibilities. It does not limit itself with contributing only in economic growth of the country but it provides a number of benefits to the society without harming our ecological system, natural resources and man power. Though a number of articles, research papers, models and frameworks have been made & published yet we do feel a dearth of real life example of initiatives taken by leading organisations, this paper aims at to provide the most recent contributions in this regard, taken by The Hindustan Unilever Limited (HUL), a leading company in India and known for FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods).

Internet is an invaluable tool. Though it may seem hard to believe, in today's ultra-connected society, more and more people are suffering from a high-tech malady known simply as Internet addiction. The addiction takes many forms, but here are some ways in which the problem manifests: net compulsions, information overload, gaming addiction etc. Internet addiction is evident across all sections and age groups in society. However, the most susceptible group is considered to be the youth. Several personality traits can be associated with internet addiction. Psychologists agree on the relationship between a few factors and internet addiction. Two of such factors that have attracted the attention of researchers are Emotional Intelligence and Locus of Control. This paper aims at presenting an overview of the review of literature that helps to understand the impact of Internet Addiction on Emotional Intelligence and Locus of Control amongst Undergraduate Engineering Students.

Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO) is the industry in which in-house legal departments or organisations outsource legal work from areas where it is costly to perform, such as the United States or Europe to areas where it can be performed at a significantly decreased cost, primarily India. Legal Process Outsourcing is a high end industry that has been growing rapidly in the recent years.

Healthcare is defined multi-dimension aspects, it refers to the treatment and management of illness, and the preservation of health through services offered by the medical, dental, pharmaceutical, clinical laboratory sciences (i.e. Diagnostics), in using and allied health professions. Health care embraces all the goods and services designed to promote health, including, “Preventing, curative & palliative interventions whether directed to individuals or to populations” (WHO 2000). The main theme of healthcare is to provide complete health facilities, to protect every one physical, social, and mental health, to decrease the death rate, to increase the life expectancy of man. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the functioning of health care services and its infrastructure facilities in Nanjangud Taluk of Mysore District. The main objectives of the present study are: to study the spatial distribution pattern and its infrastructure facilities of study area. To identify the gap between the availability and the accessibility of health infrastructure and services in terms of prescribed norms. This article is mainly based on Secondary Data. In this study the data related to “hospitals and its infrastructures” are collected from district health office and “population data” from District Statistical Office. The Base Map of Study area has been Geo-referenced and digitized using GIS Software. Various Maps have been generated to show the health care services in the study area.

This study is an attempt to discuss the effectiveness of physics instructions by teachers.We invited all known Government and Self Aided Higher Secondary School physics teachers to respond to a series of survey questions designed to probe the effectiveness of Physics instruction in Pudukkottai District. The respondents were asked to indicate the degree with which they agreed with ten statements regarding effective physics instruction and to rate the relative importance of ten skills students might acquire in their physics courses. We observed statistically significant differences between the views of traditional and non-traditional instructors. Teachers who use inquiry-based approaches to teaching physics are more likely to have a positive view of physics first, and less likely to value a textbook's role in class, and more strongly agree that group work in class is essential. They place more value on graphical representations, and are less likely to believe that giving directions to students is necessary prior to laboratory work.

The importance of parental care in the development of an individual is very significant. When both the parents are alive and they provide due care, affection, nurturing, guidance and healthy environment to the child, the personality and behaviour of the child grows well. Lack of fathers and mothers care may each independently contribute to the explanation for some adjustment behavioural problems in children. Adjustment involves the gratification of a person's needs as governed by the demands of various environmental situations. Adjustment is the process of finding and adopting modes of behaviour suitable to the environment or the change in the environment. This study is made with the purpose of knowing the adjustment behaviour of orphan children. A survey method was used for the collection of data. A sample of 172 orphan children under early adolescence stage was taken for the present study. LiWi's Adjustment Behaviour Scale (2010) was used for the collection of data. Mean, Percentage analysis, ANOVA, t-test, Scheffe's test were the statistical techniques used for the study. The major findings revealed that significant difference was found in the adjustment behaviour of Orphan children with regard to type of school and nature of school and also with regard to educational qualification of father/mother. Moreover there was no significant difference with regard to gender, age, medium of learning and residence. Implications were also discussed according to the above findings.

The tourism sector is increasing day to day and it has great potential of getting many, employments and also supporting for local merchants, therefore it is called as fourth dimension of modern economy. An impact of tourism has become is an important part of economy especially in India, here in the country number of natural tourist places as well as historical tourist places. Aurangabad district is leading district in Marathwada region in tourism it has 9 Tahsils and district has great potential of tourism the study region have full of potentiality of natural as well as historical places but Government not taking authentic step of their conservation

Purpose –The Internet banking facility has resulted in new ways of delivering banking services.The development of the Internet is changing the way financial services are provided in all over the world.Everyday banks are adding number of services in the list of internet banking therefore,the purpose of this study is to investigate internet banking services preferred by the internet banking customer. Design/Methodology/Approach – For this research only primary as well as secondary data source were used. To accomplish the study aims, this research is based on the examination of various journals, all of which are directly related to Internet banking and its adoption. The secondary data were collected from various online journals, magazines, text books, new paper articles etc. And the primary data of 400 internet banking users were collected from western Maharashtra i.e. from Pune, Solapur and Kolhapur city. Findings – Study found that many customers are not using all of the services available through internet banking services. It is found that they are just using balance enquiry, fund transfer, bill payment etc. But most of customers are not using this service to mobile recharge, D2H recharging, tax payment, ticket booking, Demat operation, getting online statement etc.

In this research article researcher have mentioned about Dr. APJ Abul Kalam who is a great scientist of India. He played very vital role in science and technology in the launching missiles namely, Rohini, Agni, Prathvi, Akash, Trishul and Nag. He awarded Padma Bhusan (1981), the Padma Vibhushan (1990), and the Bharat Ratna (1997) for his valuable research in science and technology. Dr. Kalam dreamt that India will develop in 2020 that is known 2020 vision.

The institution of marriage is an essence of society. It forms the very basis for the institution of 'Family'. The purpose of marriage is not only legitimizing the procreation of children but also to protect and support intimate family relationships by providing a unique set of rights, privileges and benefits. Marriage has been seen as a social good. The health of marriage and family often has been seen as essential for the good of the society at large. Aristotle believed that, without marriage and strong families children would grow up violent and the wider social fabric would be damaged. This develops a belief that marriage is a social good and therefore a legitimate concern of the State.

The petroleum fuels availability and cost concerns the nonedible oils used as raw materials can be obtained from different oil crops that may be used to reduce the environmental pollution.In the development of alternative, biodegradable, and renewable fuels used forinternal combustion (IC) engines to obtain the power. Therefore, in this present study, in?uence of fuel injection timing on the exhaust emission of a single cylinder, four stroke, and direct injection(DI) diesel engine was considered. It has been experimentally investigated using rubber seed and jatropha seed oil blended diesel fuel from 20%(B20)to 40%(B40) with an increment of 10%. The engine was tested at different loads from no load to full load conditions with diesel fuel at normal injection pressure of 220 bar and fuel injection timing of 240CA BTDC. The experimental tests were performed at 210CA BTDC injection timings by changing the thickness of advance shim. The experimental results obtained show that CO and UHC emissions were decreasedfor the proportion of B20,NOx and exhaust gas temperatureincreased with increasing amount of biodiesel concentration in the fuel mixture.

According to the official statistics, there are 3.3 million registered NGOs in India (GoI 2009). These NGOs are registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860, The Indian Trust Act, 1882, The Bombay Public Charitable Trust Act, 1950, and under the section 25 of The Companies Act, 1961

In the light of recent development of introduction of FDI into insurance sector and rising importance of insurance sector, the paper intended to analyze in details various factor affecting insurance demand. It has been seen that number of agents in various states and insurance penetration has been negatively related as per the report of IRDA 2011, indicates the importance of looking into demand side factors. The paper will use Regression, and Granger Causality test to look into some of the important factors. It has looked into some of the factors and its expected relationship. By conducting regression and Granger Casualty test, we take into account Population, literacy, life expectancy and financial development to find out whether the relationship is as per our expectation in India. We have analyzed and compare these variables by taking insurance penetration and insurance density into account.

The present study is on career decision making and social maturity of graduate students. Career decision making is a decision that the individual makes at a given moment in time. Social maturity is the process of appropriate attitudes for personal, interpersonal and social adequacies of an individual which are essential for functioning effectively in the society. This study was conducted in Karur district of Tamil Nadu and survey method was employed. 692 students were selected by adopting simple random sampling technique as sample, in which 228 were boys and 464 were girls, 280 students from arts and 412 students from science subject, 375 students from rural and 31 students from urban colleges. The investigator has found that the career decision making of graduate students is moderate level. Social maturity of graduate students is moderately mature. Also it reveals that there is no significant correlation exists between career decision making and social maturity.

Introduction –Agro processing- techno economic activities- Industrial parks and SEZs also promote the industry - Agro Processing Policy - objectives- SWOT analysis of agro industry- suggestions

The paper attempted and extent of utilization of government and private hospitals by selected respondents in Mysore district. It was found from our study majority of respondents have prefer private institutions for general and common ailments but diseases that are chronic and whose treatment are costlier, public institutions are preferred. In general the preference to the private hospitals is higher from both male and female respondents, even private hospitals are offering service under such government schemes like, yashaswini, arogyashri, bal sanjeevini and other schemes are facing difficulty in meeting the high cost of treatment involved. Whereas the government health care is preferred because it is free, the private institutions is preferred because of the quality care.

Recently, Top most 200 hundred Universities have nominated as the qualitative institutes in the world but, there is ashamed part is that none of the universities in India could be appeared in that list.

The capital markets in India have evolved over more than a century. The seeds of investor protection were sown way back in 1956 at the time of enactment of the Securities Contracts Regulations Act, 1956, wherein several investor protection measures found their place. Since then, investor protection has been evolving. Over the period, investor protection has been receiving increased attention and focus from the market regulator, the Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI), as well as stock exchanges.

The present paper examines issues related to the Dalit women vis-à-vis socio-economic problems of Andhra Pradesh. The disadvantages of caste, class gender and the exclusionary mechanism entrenched hierarchical social relations have had differential outcomes for Dalit women in our society. The constitution of India is enriched with several provisions for schedule castes to safeguard and promote their cultural, social, educational, and economic status in order to bring them in the mainstream of the nation. This paper also explores, who are living outside the mainstream of the society due to their lower social and economic status. The caste-based stratification of the society adversely affected the equality of opportunities to the disadvantage of these groups. It also examined the demerits of caste attached to the present scheduled castes in general and scheduled caste women in particular. The scheduled caste women are disadvantaged by their caste and gender and as such they are subject to exploitation and discrimination by their family members, by their caste people and by forward castes. The female feticide, illiteracy, gender inequality, different types of violence, dowry, child marriage, etc are few of the problems faced by scheduled caste women in present society. Apart from, this paper addresses the socio economic status of the Dalit women in Andhra Pradesh as well as in India.

The Effect of EPS rich PGPR cells viz., vegetative cell application, co-inoculation and cofloculation Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum together with challenge inoculation of Pyricularia oryzae on the enhancement of induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Rice-Pyricularia oryzae pathosystem was studied under pot culture condition with rice cv.IR.50. It was observed that the application of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azospirillum as co-floculation, altered the biochemical and physiological parameters viz., reducing and non-reducing sugars, total phenol content and defense enzymes activities such as peroxidase (PO), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), of rice plant to a significant level followed by co-inoculation and vegetative cell application of PGPR cells. The application of PGPR cells, as co-floculation, was found to augment the total phenol content and defense enzyme activities such as PO and PPO content of rice plant to a higher level whereas a reduction in reducing and non-reducing sugar level was recorded, which ultimately lead to a reduction of Pyricularia oryzae incidence in lowland rice. It has been postulated that the EPS biosynthesis of PGPR cells during co-floculation processes might act as elicitor for the enhancement of ISR in Rice- Pyricularia oryzae pathosystem whereas the vegetative cells and co-inoculation processes, without any involvement of EPS, responded poorly for the enhancement of ISR in the same pathosystem. This is the first comprehensive report on the role of bacterial EPS, as a determinant of ISR, in Rice - Pyricularia oryzae pathosytem and it needs further elaborate research on the topic.

Shirdi is an international religious tourist center and thousands of tourists visit to Shirdi Sai baba temple daily. The sansthan has a prasadalaya where it offers food to the tourist at subsidized rates. Thousand of devotees take food from prasadalaya at the nominal rate. All this food prepared with the help of solar steam cooking system. Among the renewable resources of energy solar energy offers a practical solution for the energy problem which is clouding the prospect of mankind. So SSST(Shri Sai Baba Sansthan Trust) Shirdi used the solar energy for preparing the food for thousand of devotees and save conventional energy. This solar system helps SSSTS to save 74 metric tonne LPG gas worth Rs. 29.80 lakh annually. Appreciating and encouraging the efforts of using alternative energy in Shirdi City, the Union Ministry of New & Renewable Energy Government of India, on 13th Mar`2012, awarded Shirdi the status of “SOLAR CITY”.

Most developing countries like India across the world have recognized the importance of facilitating international trade for the sustained growth of the economy and increased contribution to the GDP of the nation. As a part of its continuing commitment to liberalization and to trigger larger flow of foreign and domestic investment for the generation of additional economic activity and creation of employment opportunities, government of India started promoting export oriented industrial parks. Land use and Land cover change is one of the main driving forces of global environmental changes and central to the sustainable development debate. Understanding landscape patterns, changes and interactions between human activities and natural phenomenon are essential for proper land management and decision improvement. Land use gives an over view of how different patches of lands are being utilized under various anthropogenic activities. Nimrana, in recent years has been witnessing significant land use changes. While there is a progressive decline in area under Aravali Hills and fallow land, built up areas are increasing. These all changes have come mainly as results of industrialization. The study is based on Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 imageries, owing to their good spectral and temporal resolution and moderate spatial resolution.

-Saddhâ 'faith' is a key element playing prominent role in Buddha's teachings. The Buddha clearly asserted that in realm of his Dhamma and Vinaya, any kind of development- mundane or supra-mundane-cannot be achieved without faith as its foundation. It is made clearly regarding Saddhâ “faith” in many suttas that Saddhâ is a seed to success in this dhamma and Vinaya. Of many suttas, Â?âvaka of Suttanipata also states that “Saddhâ is the treasure of men; the whirlpool

-G-Project Procurement for Education means Building Practice made perfect. Reviewing the Green Project Procurement and Development globally, Green Project Procurement has been one of the fastest growths in Education during the last decade. It is problematic to implant 'Green Project Procurement for Education' into work and future Green Project Procurement of Education, in particular. Green Project Procurement is the way forward for Education, but faces many obstacles. Mostly for the part the cost is higher, and Governments have yet to fully accept the Green Procurement model. This research, through statistics in Hong Kong and China (Asia) and Europe identifies ways to implement Green Project Procurement for Education. There is a demand in expediting our culture of diversifying traditional Green Project Procurement. E-learning is a modern approach away from traditional education. Green Project Procurement contributed in China establishes a Management Approach notion which can keep up with educational concerns of tomorrow. The results focus on an important issue of “Green Project Procurement Management” which is critical to the success of present Education in Asia and worldwide. The Stages in the Appraisal of Green Project Procurement for Education is incorporated into practice in which Building Green Project Procurement is based on the betterment of the current procurement system.

In the present study we have to generated a database information and attempted to give an over –all scenario on the different exotic fish species from Marathwada Region. During the study period May 2009 to April 2011, 08 fish species under 05 genus, 03 family and 03 order were recorded, Cyprinidae family dominant with 06 species beside Cichlidae and Poecilidae, contribute 01 species each. Site I contribute 03 species (38 %), site II contribute 05 species (63 %) site III contribute 06 species (75 %) site IV contribute 07 species (88 %) site V and site VI contribute 08 species (100 %) each. Introduction of exotic fish species into a country for the purpose of culture belongs to three category food fishes, game fishes and larvicidal species.

-Lack of uniform law is a serious obstacle in International Sales of Goods. Due to this problem, United Nation Convention on the International Sale of Goods (hereinafter: or Vienna Convention) as an International multilateral treaty offered uniform substantive rules on contracts for International Sales of Goods. Practically, the road for CISG with many loopholes is not smooth. The methods which are used in this study is descriptive method with a development perspective which development of International Sales Law in International level. The most important purpose of this research paper is to highlight the Significance of the CISG.

Democracy is slightly positively correlated with economic growth. So democracy's a good thing. You know what's more positively correlated with economic growth? Rule of law. Even in dictatorships that had strong rule of law, we see firms working in a predictable environment where there's recourse to people who have stolen from them. Therefore, they decide to innovate." – Michael Fairbanks

One of the key factors for a person's failure can be his lack of communication skills. If a person displays lack of self control and interpersonal skills, he is destined to fail. The negative character traits such as pride, impatience and indecisiveness contribute towards a person's doom. The present article is a study of human nature. It is a study of how a highly talented and successful person faces a tragic end because of not having skills such as interpersonal, communication and emotional intelligence.

The present study aims to investigate the Awareness of Internet usage among B.Ed students of Nagaland. The objectives of the study were to compare the mean scores of Awareness of Internet Usage among B.Ed students of rural and urban, male and female, government and private and arts and science. All the B.Ed students of government and private colleges of Nagaland were identified as the population of the present study. The data was collected during the academic year 2013. In order to realize the above said objectives, the normative survey method was employed. Giving representation to type of management,the researcher has selected 323 B.Ed students from Colleges of Education in Nagaland by using random sampling technique. Awareness of internet usage tool was developed and standardized by the researcher and was used for the study. The questionnaire consisted of 50 statements. Each statement provided three responses. The responses were expressed on a three point scale, Yes, Undecidedand No. The weights of 3, 2, and 1 are given in that order for the favorable statements. Separate variance formula of t test was used to analyze the data, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study reveals that there is no significant difference between the B.Ed students belonging to male and female(M=0.21), Arts and Science (M=1.91) and Government and privatecolleges(M=0.41) in the awareness of internet usage but there is a high significant difference between B.Ed students of urban and rural (M=16.43) in the awareness of internet usage

This research includes the evaluation of the possible and important use of Moringa Oleifera seed for calcium hardness removal from synthetic hardwater. Synthetic hard water which varied from 300ppm to 900ppm as calcium hardness has been used in this research. There are many techniques for hardness determination but Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometry has proved its accuracy and quickness in terms of hardness determination, and due to this (ICP-OES OPTIMA 5300 DV) instrument has been used for calcium hardness determination. Almost complete reduction was found with the lower initial concentrations and overall reduction in hardness decreases with increasing the initial hardness. It is clearly observed that increasing dosages of Moringa Oleifera from 200mg/l to 1200mg/l increases the reduction in calcium hardness as CaCO3 from its initial hardness of 300ppm to 900ppm. The Moringa Oleifera has also been proved as a quite acceptable natural coagulant especially in developing countries.

The tourism potential of our country, especially in a global context, remains far from realized. Towards realization of this potential, the Ministry of Tourism envisages a target of 12% growth rate in inbound as well as domestic tourists for the 12th Five year Plan period. It is projected that with this growth rate, the sector will generate 2.5 crore additional jobs. ( Angappapillai, A B; Shanmugasundram, N). India's travel market is projected to grow 18% in 2013 to reach $23.2 billion, faster than last year's 11% pace, helped by increased train fares, fleet expansion by airlines and new supply of hotel rooms, according to travel research firm PhocusWright Inc.(mint, 2013) Therefore, in response to the needs of the industry, training providers have established a number of hotel, leisure, travel and tourism degrees (O'Mahony & Sillitoe, 2001).But past references have identified that hotel courses lack the rigor to provide quality manpower (Harkison, 2004a, 2004b; Steele; 2003). Hotel management students seem to rate the value of their degrees higher than do employees in the industry (Dawson Mary, 2008). As such there always seem to be bridge between what the hotel management students and the assumption of the hotel Industry

The battle for gender justice has been a long-drawn struggle. Unequal status of women being offensive to human dignity and violation of women right has emerged today as a fundamental crisis in human development in the world today. India is no exception. The legislature framework provided in the Constitution provides for equality in society between men and women. In order to fulfill this Constitutional mandate the Parliament and Judiciary have from time to time made laws and interpreted the existing ones that would guarantee gender justice. Despite constitutional guarantees of justice, social, economic and political, and assurances of a life of freedom, equality and dignity, sexual abuse, dowry deaths, bigamy and other heinous crime are ravaging the lives of millions of women who remain a prey to predator in the form of husbands, relatives or friends.

The concept of Vocational Education, which has become highly relevant today, was introduced in India just after independence. It offers specialized and practical knowledge through which an individual gains skills and experiences directly linked to a career and thereby gives way to better employment opportunities. A proper implementation of vocational education will help in patching the gap between the skilled workers required and the skilled workers available in the job-market which in turn will solve the problem of unemployment. Increasing 'internationalization' has made English a 'global resource'. It has become the common means of communication. It has become prime consideration in almost every job and essential for social and career advancement. With this growing demand of English, 'Communicative English' or 'Communication Skills' becomes very relevant and important as a course of vocational education. The need of time is a careful planning, successful implementation and social awareness.

The role of financial development in the growth of nations has been long recognized (Schumpeter 1911; Gershenkron 1962). Large number of literature, both theoretical and empirical, has come up on this issue over the years. The hypothetical contributions have highlighted the diverse services provided by the financial sector that can influence output and growth (Saint-Paul 1992; Diamond 1984; Bencivenga and Smith, 1991).

To reduce the broader dimension of poverty, it is needed to focus on rural development, particularly in agriculture, employment, health, education and nutrition. Agriculture is an important component of most rural economies especially in the developing countries. It is the size of agriculture within the local economy is sometimes used to define rurality. Therefore, any successful rural development strategy will contain an agricultural development component; but they are not the same thing. The banks have a huge potential in Rural India. Even though the role of the banks in rural India is more of social responsibility and obligation, considering the potential of the rural India the banks would be largely benefited monetary wise. The purpose of study is analyse the growth in Kisan Credit Card scheme in India. The finding of the study reveal that there is high growth of KCCs since inception and this growth is leading to growth in GDP.

The success of any nation depends on education system. The strength and quality of any educational system depends largely upon a sound programme of teacher education. Educational programme are bound to fail if the quality of teachers are compromised. Hence, the teacher education programme is of utmost importance. The teacher educators have to shoulder a great responsibility of educating the teacher trainees. But now these days there is a growing feeling that teacher training courses are not effective in turning out trained and competent teachers. There are so many reasons are behind this st problem. This article highlights emerging concerns and problems of teacher education in the 21 century and suggestion to improve teacher education programme.

The impact of insurgent movements across the globe has been colossal especially from economic point of view and there has seldom been any sector of life which has not been impacted. The valley of Kashmir which witnessed the birth of militancy in the early 1990's too witnessed its consequences in the different spheres of life be it Education, Art and Architecture, Arts and Crafts, Small-Scale Industries, Trade and Commerce and so on. The region which has had a distinction as one of the premier regions famous for its tourism industry and tourist traffic however came under the profound impact of militancy. The present paper aims at seeking an investigation about overall damage caused to once flourishing industry of the valley and unfortunately could not come out of the shocks though...

Ask any women about sexual harassment, and she is likely to have experienced it or to know of cases of it at work. In industrialized countries, 42-50% of female workers have been sexually harassed, in the European Union, 40-50% of women, and in Asia-Pacific countries between 30-40% of women workers reported some form of harassment. In a recent study in South Africa, 77% of women respondents experienced sexual harassment sometime during their working lives.

Speech act theory provides one of the crucial criteria for demonstrating that a play cannot be conceived as a text in the full sense of the word. 'Play' is defined here as a set of printed verbal signs, organized as a script for a possible theatre production. 'Text' is define here as a definite set of organized a signs verbal or otherwise, that the verbal/spectator is confronted with and expected to decode. It can be shown, speech act theory, that play do not meet the condition of this definition of 'text', In particular because of the indefinite and non-verbal shape of the sign and utterance that the reader is expected to decode. The paper include three types of verbal categorization are to be found in the play, as there most natural location. Furthermore we should not expect to find more verbal categorization in performs then what is found already in the plays

In the present study we have to generated a database information and attempted to give an over –all scenario on the different exotic fish species from Marathwada Region. During the study period May 2009 to April 2011, 08 fish species under 05 genus, 03 family and 03 order were recorded, Cyprinidae family dominant with 06 species beside Cichlidae and Poecilidae, contribute 01 species each. Site I contribute 03 species (38 %), site II contribute 05 species (63 %) site III contribute 06 species (75 %) site IV contribute 07 species (88 %) site V and site VI contribute 08 species (100 %) each. Introduction of exotic fish species into a country for the purpose of culture belongs to three category food fishes, game fishes and larvicidal species.

In the present study we have to generated a database information and attempted to give an over –all scenario on the different exotic fish species from Marathwada Region. During the study period May 2009 to April 2011, 08 fish species under 05 genus, 03 family and 03 order were recorded, Cyprinidae family dominant with 06 species beside Cichlidae and Poecilidae, contribute 01 species each. Site I contribute 03 species (38 %), site II contribute 05 species (63 %) site III contribute 06 species (75 %) site IV contribute 07 species (88 %) site V and site VI contribute 08 species (100 %) each. Introduction of exotic fish species into a country for the purpose of culture belongs to three category food fishes, game fishes and larvicidal species.

Internet comes to the mind of anyone who required some information of the first instance. Internet is considered as the prime source of every kind of information. Most Internet access products were being marketed using the term "broadband", and broadband penetration was being treated as a key economic indicator. Receiving and sending e-mails continues to be the most pervasive use of the Internet on mobile devices with 70 percent using an e-mail program installed on their mobile device or via the website of an e-mail provider (60 percent). Phone or video calls via Internet ranks as the top activity Host of utilities such as messaging through social media, blogging and tweeting, and watching videos are also on the rise. The frequency of these activities is also trending upwards. In today's higher education, the Internet is indispensable in creating, storing, and disseminating information and knowledge. Mobile Internet in India report prefer to access newspapers and related content on their mobile screens. Internet usage through mobile devices (excluding tablets), has almost doubled in the last one year. From 4.3% in January 2011, the figure grew to 8.5% as on January, 2012. However, the Indian usage figures are higher than global stats. The figures have grown from just 18.8% in 2011 to an impressive 42.25% in 2012

The Hindu social system is socio-religious. The social institutions are intimately connected with religion. The religious books, the repository of social codes, are considered to be of divine origin. This system is infallible and indisputable to the majority. The society is so rigidly graded that those at the top of the social ladder—the Brahmins are inalienably vested with the authority of learning, teaching and interpreting the shastras, By distorting the interpretation of the shastras and stamping the later accretions with divinity, they ascribe to themselves congenital superiority, which has resulted in an intricate, illogical and irreligious system of descending inferiority and ascending superiority complexes in the society. The caste system, intended originally for social cohesion, and as a device for labour division is inelastic and birth based. It has given rise to innumerable endogamous groups and to a section regarded as outcaste, unsociable and untouchable. Such a social system militates against any change even through an evolutionary process. It resulted in the pathetic condition of the dalits and a strict observance of unotouchablity for centuries in Tamil Nadu.

Grape is the most important fruit of India and scientifically is called Vitis vinifera L. and is also known as 'queen of fruits'. The country has the distinction of achieving the highest productivity of grape among the 90 grape growing countries in the world, with an average yield of 30 t/ha. The grape is cultivated in the largest area i.e. 250 thousand ha and the production is around 2689 thousand tons in 2012-2013. Major grape-growing states in India are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. In India mainly Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu jointly contribute to more than 90 % of the total area and production of grapes. Total export of grapes from India is 172.6 thousand MT, valuing Rs. 1258.64 crores during 2012-13. The grape export from India was started in the year 1991 after economic liberalization. There is a phenomenal rise in export of grapes from India, as only 14,606 tons were exported during 2001-2002 which has increased to 1725999 tons in 2012-2013. The major importing countries of India's grapes were Bangladesh ,Netherland ,UAE ,UK, Rassia , Saudi Arabia ,Thailand ,Sweeden ,New Zealand ,Malaysia ,Australia, Shrilanka and Nepal respectively; these countries alone comprises of around 87% of India's total export of grape. The present paper is an aims to analysis the India's performance in production, productivity and export of grapes with different dynamics, growth rates in relation to area, production, yield and export of grapes. The related data have been collected from secondary sources like published reports and internet. The appropriate statistical and cartographic techniques have been adopted for preparation of map and diagrams. Grape growers faced the problems of production, direction of export, export competition and marketing.

Understanding why people buy product is very crucial for a company. This helps companies to target the audience accordingly to increase sale of their product. Indian auto sector is one of the largest manufacturing sectors of India and as the sales are plunging down quarter after quarter its becoming essential to know what actions consumer take before they make the final purchase decision. Purpose of this paper is to find out which are the most important steps taken by consumers before he arrives to buying decision. The objective is to also find out if the action differs in various car segments.

Women are playing significant role in agricultural work and processes and more than half of the working population in agriculture are women. But, they are facing many problems such as exploitation from employers, no security for work and job, seasonal employment, lower wages, wage discrimination, etc. A sample survey of 142 women agricultural workers working in Gulbarga taluka in Karnataka was made with interview technique. The social aspects to a greater extent depends on work life of the women agricultural workers.

This paper deals with the strengthening of insight into the correlative connections between the personal statements of architectural students as the conceptual trigger and the process of creating cultural eventfulness in the pedagogical context. The goal of the research is to point to the ranges of visionariness of future architects in the humanistic will for rectification and/or reconstruction of the zoomed-in current social issues. The transitional interconnections of the personal view in the reflexive statements of the architectural students call for re-examination of the frameworks and performing power of the Expression Plastique Studio in the context of nonexistent research traces about the simultaneity of individual, educational and cultural transitions. Our hypothesis is that the work in progress methodological procedure has provided the architectural students with a multi-directional transitionality of creative suggestions of simulated character, which gives the Expression Plastique Studio predisposition to make more constructive creative contribution in the democratic-transitional procedures started in late January 2011 in Tunisia.

This paper investigates the relationship between academic stress and social intelligence. Data were collected from rural and urban area of Bathinda city in Punjab. The sample consisted of 200 school going male and female adolescents. Results of the study reveal that there were no significant gender differences with regard to academic stress and social intelligence among rural and urban adolescents. Male and female students experienced same amount of academic stress. A significant correlation was found between academic stress and social intelligence of rural and urban adolescents. The high social intelligence level would have better degree of coping with the academic stress. Social intelligence, time management, parental involvement and school play a vital role in reducing academic stress.

There are many issues today that pose a threat to our way of life. Overpopulation is a serious problem that will eventually have an extremely negative effect on our countries, and our planet. The problems that arise due to overpopulation could even prove to a fatal epidemic that wills eventually wipe out the entire human pace. oftentimes this issue is over looked due to lack of knowledge and understanding of the subject or simply because most of us are so blessed that we are not affected first hand by the problems it is causing this very second, over population, in my belief, is an enormously serious global issue that should be identified analyzed and controlled immediately.

The study reveals on “THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TERRACOTTA AND POTTERY CRAFT IN THE VILLAGE OF ASHARIKANDI, DHUBRI DISTRICT of ASSAM” aims to understand the overall progress in the growth and development of terracotta and pottery craft of Asharikandi in the Dhubri district of Assam. Moreover, an attempt is made to observe the socio economic condition of the artisans and also an effort made to justify the government support and assistance involved in this cluster and their involvement and encouragement to upgrade this beautiful art to compete with modern world and also an effort to bring out the problems and prospects of the craft and its future potentialities in respect of commercialisation of the art.

Bapsi Sidhwa is a leading diasporic writer of Pakistan. She has produced five novels in English. – The Pakistani Bride (1983) The Crow, Eaters (1980), Cracking Indian alias Ice Candy Man (1988), An American Brat (1990) and Water (2006). These novels reflect her personal experience of the Indian subcontinents partition, abuse against women, immigration to the United States, and membership in the Parsi community. She witnessed the blood-spattered Partition of the Indian subcontinent as a young child of eight in 1947. She felt the role of woman in domestic sphere especially the marriage institution restricts the growth and the multifarious abilities in her own individual. With reference to this in one occasion she says. “Whenever there was a bride game, I'd sneak off and write. But now that I've been published, a whole world has opened up for me”.

India is the 7th largest country in terms of area and has the 2nd largest concentration of tribal population in the world. The researcher intends to find out the level of academic achievement among tribal secondary school students and to find whether there is significant difference with respect to gender and medium of instruction. The sample of the study included 20 secondary schools both in rural and urban areas of Chamarajanagar District. The study reveals that 63% of the tribal secondary school students have medium level of academic achievement,while20% showed high level of academic achievement and 17% showed low level of academic achievement. It also reveals that there is no significant difference in academic achievement of tribal secondary school students with respect to gender and medium of instruction. The study stresses on crash courses and in-service programmes for effective teaching and learning which leads to the upliftment of the education standards of tribal secondary school students.

Proteases are enzymes with highly specialized proteolytic functions. They are ubiquitous in occurrence, being found in all living organisms, and are essential for cell growth and differentiation. They not only have several physiological functions and roles in the living beings but are also of great importance in various industries as well thus providing a lot of economic benefits. They play an invincible role in industrial biotechnology, especially in detergent, food and pharmaceutical arena. This focused review encompasses an overview on proteases, mainly of microbial sources in a handy module. Following an introduction and gen- eral classification with major sources of proteases (animal, plant and microbial including fungal, bacterial), their general properties are discussed. Proteases from Bacillus spp. have been given special attention. In addition to this, an overview on the applications of proteases in detergent, tannery, food, metal recovery and waste treatment industries is also addressed briefly.

Homosexual activities are criminalized by the law and it is a punishable criminal offence in India. The decriminalization of homosexuality by the Delhi High Court now is a myth in India. The Supreme Court of India has overturned a “reading down” of Section 377 of Indian Penal Code and refuse to review their existing decision. This paper focuses on the process and aftermath of reading down of Section 377 of IPC, which is directly hindering the basic sexual rights of LGBT community. The lack of a consent-based distinction in the offence has made same-sex preference synonymous to rape and equated homosexuality with sexual perversity. This decision directly strikes out the disclosure of LGBT people, effective health policy to prevent HIV and will increase harassments and psycho-social pressures. It is the biggest affront to the dignity and humanity of LGBT community in India. However, this article suggests initiating Indian Parliament and politicians to take some positive steps beyond their stipulated political boundaries. This paper also suggests civil rights' organizations to move more systematically for further recognition of same-sex rights.

Increasing economic activities in developing countries result in more energy and consumption demand, which generally lead to environmental degradation. Keeping this in mind, an increasing awareness on the various environmental problems has led a shift in the way consumers go about their life. There has been a change in consumer attitudes towards a green lifestyle. People are actively trying to reduce their impact on the environment. However, this is not widespread and is still evolving. Organizations and business however have seen this change in consumer attitudes and are trying to gain an edge in the competitive market by exploiting the potential in the green market industry. The current study introduces the concept of green marketing, consumer attitudes towards green marketing, environmental awareness and looks into the role of mass media in Indian context in increasing the environmental awareness. A conceptual framework is presented and the information is analyzed on the basis of the framework.

Background: Active smoking is an accepted risk factor for several disorders including age-related macular degeneration, cataract and anterior segment surface disorders. Aim of the work: The present study was planned to analyze the effect of nicotine on cornea and the possible protective effect of curcumin as an antioxidant. Materials and Methods: Twenty five rats were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: l) control group, 2) nicotine injected group, 3) nicotine and curcumin treated group. Histopathological examination of all groups was carried out where the corneas were prepared for light microscope examination. Results: Results showed that the nicotine is toxic for the cornea and the curcumin exerts its protective effect on it. Conclusion: Pilot clinical trials on curcumin are recommended to achieve its beneficial antioxidant effects, avoiding the toxicity of nicotine and other harmful environmental substances.

Thin films of Zn Cd S have been deposited using spray Pyrolysis method for different Zn/Cd x 1-x ion ratio on glass substrate. XRD, SEM spectrophotometer and two-probe method measurement have investigated structural, optical and elecrical properties of the thin films. The analysis of structural data of the deposited films exhibited the presence of hexagonal (wurtzite) structure. The grain sizes of the Zn Cd S.films have been observed to increase with increasing Zn content in the spraying solution. The x 1-x optical data have been collected in the wavelength range 300nm to 1000nm for the films deposited at 0 450± 10 C substrate temperature. It have been used to obtain the optical band gap values.

Agriculture is the most important human economic activity. So it is the economic back bone of the country. For the economic growth of the region it is necessary to process on the agricultural products, taking into consideration the importance of the Pulse the topic is selected for study. In Pulses are basically grain legumes. They occupy an important place in human diet due to their high protein content than cereal grains. In Indian relating to diet system it occupies an important place. The present paper is an effort to study the role of Dal mills in helping Agro-processing of small scale industries in the city.

Milk is one of the most essential commodities. It contains all the essential nutrients for growth and well being. Though India rank number one in the production of milk and milk products. There are certain issues that hamper the productivity of milk. It is estimated that milk production will reach 140.6 million tons by 2015. Milk output is likely to expand by 4.5 per cent. This target can be achieved only if effective steps are taken on time. The problems that our dairy industry is facing at present are lack of gracing space low breeding cattle's and low income among the dairying masses, increase in the cost of cattle feeds and lack of labor, low price for milk, lack of technological up gradations. This paper attempts to examine the various problems affecting the production of milk in salem district.

'Pragna approach' –an activity based learning approach has been implemented in primary schools of Gujarat since 2010. This research work was conducted at primary schools of Muli taluka in order to study the opinions of primary teachers towards 'Pragna Approach'. 25 teachers from Muli taluka's schools where 'Pragna Approach' has been implemented were selected in this research as a sample of the study by using random sampling technique. Self constructed opinionnaire was used as a tool to collect the required data. 'Chi-Square' statistical technique was used for data analysis. It is concluded that 'Pragna Approach' has been proved to be effective to enhance the quality of primary education. It gives children an opportunity to learn at their own pace and at their level of learning.

This study identified and analyzed the perceptions of the vocational high school teachers on holistic entrepreneurship module for developing student knowledge of holistic entrepreneurship values. The study employed qualitative data collection technique where structured interview was held with three experienced teachers of entrepreneurship subject and a chairman of school who has background of entrepreneurship teacher. A total of 28 questions about participants' perception toward the new module guided the interview process. Data collected was transcribed, coded and analyzed using Nvivo software. The result of the analysis revealed that teachers expressed the need are in total support of the new module and have further explained about the shortcoming of the existing module as not embedded in it the Islamic entrepreneurship values, awareness, responsibility and self development, which the new module captured. It was concluded that, the new module have the qualities to improve students' knowledge of holistic entrepreneurship and has been recommended for experimentation to further shows its strength and weaknesses.

In recent years, India has recorded very much impressive rates of economic growth. For provide the more ambitious achievements in the future. The healthy economic growth rate exceeding the current rate of about 8% per annum would require major provision of infrastructure and enhanced supply of energy. The high economic growth rate would create much more demand for energy. This would present the country with a variety of choices in terms of supply possibilities. For the country, technology would be an important element of future strategy of energy. Because, related to a range of future demand and supply scenario would be issues of technological choices both on the supply and demand sides, which need to be understood at this stage, if they are to become an important part of India's energy solution in the future. The Indian government aims to achieve an economic growth rate of over 8% in the next two decades in order to be able to meet its development objectives. However, rapid economic growth would also imply the need for structural changes in the economy as well as for induced shifts in the patterns of endues demands. To meet the needs of the Indian populace in the most effective manner, it is important to map out the energy demand and supply dynamics in the country.

SEWA is a labour union of the self Employed women workers engaged in the Informal Sector of the economy. Informal sector includes all rural and urban, agriculture and non-agriculture. SEWA aims at full employment and self reliance. By full employment we mean employment that ensures food security, income security and social security at the household level. We urge the trade unions and the women's organizations in India to participate actively in the struggle for full employment, a more humane working life and social justice.

Nelson Mandela says, “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head if you talk to him in his language that goes to his heart. The aim of every communication, including translational communication, is to convey information about human beings and the extra linguistic reality which surrounds them. A translator is to extract message from a given form of words in one language, and then to re-express the content of that message in a different form of words belonging to another language. According to social scientist, culture consists of shared ideas and concepts, beliefs, and material possessions of a society what are passed on from one generation to the next. The process of translation involves not just two languages but also two cultures. So a translator should be both bilingual and bicultural. Every text either written or spoken is the result of extra linguistic situation. It is determined by its cultural, historical and social contexts. Every translation is the process of conveying messages across both linguistic and cultural time.

This paper is an attempt to analyse the shape of contemporary food crisis in a way that is less recognized in the literature. Food speculation is a widely held reason behind the current food price crisis, and yet not everybody's take on it is similar. Arguments both for and against exist; however not all the arguments seem to be substantiated enough on either side. So, this paper first briefly elaborates the various contrasting views with respect to the recent food price crisis. Then it explains how the people of the global South lost control over their food systems and hence became most vulnerable to any of the shocks. The seminal role of speculation amidst the whole discussion of food crisis is discussed thereafter The paper thus gives food speculation the necessary attention it deserves in the whole debate of food crisis.

Profile of Karnataka: Karnataka State is situated in southern part of India. It consisting of four administrative revenue divisions of 30 districts and 175 taluks. Total 30 districts are distributed among the four revenue devisions viz., (1) Gulbarga Division, is consisting of 6 districts i.e. Gulbarga, Bider, Yadgir Raichur, Koppal and Bellary, (2) Belgaum division is consisting 7 districts i.e. Belgaum, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri and Karwar (Uttar-Karnataka).

This research paper dealt the social life of depressed classes means SC/ST's in Gulbarga district in particularly their family system, marriage, fairs and festivals, etc. the social structure is the main characteristic of the particular society. Gulbarga is one of the districts which belong to the Hyderabad Karnataka areawhich is backward region in Karnataka state. In the district the depressed classes' people have occurred very low position in the society. When I went to the field survey at the time I observed that the depressed classes' people are illiterate, poor, unemployed etc.

he aim of this study is to find out the significant differences of Himachal Pradesh University players of team and individual sports eventson the variable of attitude towards physical activity. A group of 312 male sportsmen of Himachal Pradesh University, who participated in inter-university level championships in various team and individual sports events were taken as subjects. Himachal Pradesh University participated in inter University Competitions in Football, Handball, Volleyball, Basketball, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Hockey, and cricket in team sports events and in individual sports......

In this paper, “Comparative Study and Applications of FACTS Devices in Power System”, has been carried out. In a power system network consisting of generators, transmission lines, transformers and load etc., STATCOM, SVC and UPFC are applied between two buses separately and their effects is analyzed as par applied system conditions. Power flow between different buses and voltage regulation of above FACTS devices is found out. Simulation of the system was carried out in Matlab environment

The culture and civilization of a nation, it is a truism to point out the are inextricably bound up with the goal of knowledge aimed at, the methods of instruction propounded, and finally the actual standard of education reached by it. Thus, education so to speak, is the very heart of a nation, around which pulsate its other multifarious activities and achievements, from which spring its very life and sustenance, through which is manifested its inner vigour and vitality what is great and good, noble and sublime in it. Accordingly, the study of a nation's soul means really the study of its educational aims and ideals, methods and systems achievements and perfections.

Purpose: This study examines Behavioral factors like herding, mental accounting ,gambling etc.on portfolio decision of diffiernet professionals.Here Medical professional (Graduate Doctors are considered for study ).This paper study the impact of different behavioral finance factors on investment decision of medical professionals.Medical professionals are highly intellectual people with strong domain knowlegde. Behavioral Finance study the psychology of an individual investor and his decision making ability in the existing market conditions. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data on the subject of Behavioral Finance and portfolio decsion of medical professional was collected through a questionnaire. The responses were received from registered graduate doctors in Aurangabad city.

Purpose: This study examines Behavioral factors like herding, mental accounting ,gambling etc.on portfolio decision of diffiernet professionals.Here Medical professional (Graduate Doctors are considered for study ).This paper study the impact of different behavioral finance factors on investment decision of medical professionals.Medical professionals are highly intellectual people with strong domain knowlegde. Behavioral Finance study the psychology of an individual investor and his decision making ability in the existing market conditions. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data on the subject of Behavioral Finance and portfolio decsion of medical professional was collected through a questionnaire. The responses were received from registered graduate doctors in Aurangabad city.

Indeed, crisis, absurdities and meaninglessness of existence have been central themes in the writings of the Existential Philosophers. There are, of course, many such philosophers who have been dealing with these themes. Given the limitations, it is not feasible for me to deal elaborately with all of these. Hence, I, hereby, contend with the major writings of three persons whom I consider principal personalities of the said philosophy. They are jean Paul Sartre, Albert Camus and Friedrich Nietzsche. These three are known for their stringent depiction of the existence and essence of human reality. Further, these philosophers are known for their objectivity though due to the given nature of existence they sometimes tend to lean more towards atheism and pessimism.

This research examines the effect of brand name and celebrity endorsement on consumers purchasing decisions regarding fashion products. A significant analysis has been undertaken using a qualitative approach and theoretical inputs from related articles that describe the core nature of the study. Detailed interviews were conducted with seven respondents in Manchester in order to explore their attitudes and opinions towards brand image and celebrity endorsement and assess their influence on consumers purchasing decisions of fashion products. It was found that brands give feeling of satisfaction but their iconic representation and functional superiority was not found. Additionally, celebrities are very helpful to give attention to brand but they cannot guarantee final purchase preference.

This study is conducted on effectiveness of teaching through computer aided instruction (CAI) and traditional teaching method relating variable like sex.60 students were selected as a sample from secondary school of modasa taluka . Data is collected by using self made computer aided instruction (CAI) program me, unit achievement test and questionnaire to get opinions regarding computer aided instruction (CAI) program me. Collected data is analyzed by using statistical techniques like mean s.d. and 't' test .The study revealed that there is significantly higher than average academic achievement of students studying by traditional teaching method. Average academic achievement of boys and girls studying by computer aided'' instruction (CAI) program me with reference to ''Construction, working and use of space shuttle unit of science subject of std.IX is significantly higher than average academic achievement of boys and girls studying by traditional teaching method.

With the advancement in computer and modern technologies, every individual in the knowledge domain can have a quality education. Due to increased access and advancement in technology, the demands of digital native students, and virtual educational opportunities are increasingly driving the educational system to address teaching and learning needs using technology and digital learning. The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility in the usage of OERs and the key challenges faced by the users while making use of OERs at secondary school level. It is evident from several researches conducted till date that OERs have been successful in making an impact at the higher education level. But the situation at secondary level is not very much encouraging.

Cloud computing has recently emerged as an innovative paradigm for hosting and delivering services over the net. Cloud computing is engaging to business organizations because it eliminates the need for users to arrange ahead for provisioning, and permits enterprises to begin from the little and increase resources only if there's an increase in service demand. However, despite the actual fact that cloud computing offers immense opportunities to the IT business, the event of cloud computing technology is presently at its infancy, with several problems still to be addressed. During this paper, we tend to present a survey of cloud computing, highlighting its key ideas, subject principles, progressive implementation also as analysis challenges. The aim of this paper is to supply a more robust understanding of the planning challenges of cloud computing and determine vital analysis directions during this progressively vital area.

Shorea tumbuggaia Roxb(familyDipterocarpaceae)is amedicinal plant distributed worldwide and found in India as an endemic and globally endangered, red-listed, semi-evergreen tree species, restricted to the southern Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, and ethno botanical survey reports the usage of plants by the folklorehealer on remedial of numerous health related elements. In thepresent investigation an attempt was made to determine the anti-oxidant property, total phenol, and total flavonoid content for the various leaf extract of Shorea tumbuggaia Roxb. The leaves were extracted sequentially with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanolic and hydro-alcoholic (1:1), among all the extracts; methanolic and hydro-alcoholic extracts proven to show increased amount of % inhibition substantial anti-oxidant activity on free radical scavenging effects on DPPH, superoxide anion radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging, metal chelating ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging, reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging models, the percentage inhibition and IC50values were determined, the studies indicates that the methanolic and hydro-alcoholic leaf extracts of Shorea tumbuggaia Roxbhas a potent anti-oxidant activity when compared with other extract with standards respectively. These extracts also showed the presence of total phenol and flavonoids. The % inhibition and IC50values show that the leaf extracts of Shorea tumbuggaia Roxbpossess and potent anti-oxidant activity.

Development of irrigation is of crucial importance in improving the agricultural growth dam, canal, tank, rantek, kata, phad and bhanadaras irrigation being based on surface water is an environmentally sustainable from of irrigation. As the scope of well irrigation is very low in the dry zones, verities irrigation assumes great importance in these regions. The paper explores the different characteristics of damp, canals & tank irrigation in some dry zones in the Maratha empire. Attempts to find the factors affecting the productivity of the verities irrigation command area. The leads of the paper suggest that tank damp & canals productivity depends on various factors like crop diversification, water availability in all damp ,canal , tanks quality of the soil and length in damp, canal, tank rantek, kata, phad andbhanadaras, command area and to restrict the expenditure on maintenance and repairs.

Since last decade Mediterranean region has recorded the highest growth rates in inbound world tourism. In the same duration, domestic tourism in this region also increased rapidly, in spite of security threats, natural calamities, rises in oil prices and economic uncertainties in the Mediterranean region. Even the 2008 global economic crisis had no serious impact on this growth. It has been confirmed that the flexibility of tourism and the huge potential in this region. Despite of the economic crises in the main source market European Union, it resumes gradually democratisation process. Year 2011 was the magical year for Tourism industry in the Mediterranean region and registered approx 306 million international tourist arrivals. It was one third of the international tourist flow world wide. This paper looks at whether this trend will continue in coming years. The paper will also explore the opportunities for tourism in this region. This paper tries to examine the tourism impacts, especially in an economic, social and environmental perspective. Secondary source is the prime source for collecting the relevant information this paper.

Proper alignment of body and its segments is Posture. Balanced alignment provides a body appearance which when viewed from the side, is vertical rather than zigzag, the various body masses joining smoothly in symmetry. The erect position is maintained by a constant effort to overcome the force of gravity, which all the time tends to pull the body forward, but deviation from the alignment may cause various physical difficulties. Disproportion in height and weight, disturbance of physiological functions, nutritional faults and physical stresses on the growing skeleton all may affect the growth and development of a child. New York state posture rating test (1966) was used for the present study, in which.....

Rumen fluid samples were collected to study the taxonomy of rumen ciliate protozoa belonging to genus Entodinium, from the adult Indian cattle (Bos indicus). The present paper deals with the morpholosy of Entodinium rectangulatum f. lobospinosum and is described for the first time from the rumen of cattle in India. It's Body measurements, frequency distribution and variation of characters are recorded. Critical comments are made on it's specific identity. The observations are based on a study of 40 specimens taken at random from different samples.

Recent trend of declining sustainability in agricultural production is appearing as a major threat to most of the Asian countries. Large scale availability of conventional organic manures being a big problem nowadays, major attention is being paid on recycling of different kinds of organic wastes for this purpose. Apart from abatement of environmental pollution, such reuse of organic wastes in agriculture helps in the improvement of various physical, chemical and biological properties of the soils and, thus, helps in sustaining the soil health. However, due to some short comings of traditional composting systems, the technology of recycling of organic wastes has not been widely accepted so far. Under this situation, vermicomposting has recently emerged as a simple but efficient biotechnology for recycling wide ranges of organic wastes with the help of some specific groups of earthworms. In view of the growing popularity of this biotechnology, various aspects of waste recycling in agriculture through vermicomposting have been dealt in this communication.

The word 'coalition has long been used in ordinary English to refer to a group of people who come together temporarily to obtain some end. Typically, a coalition has been regarded as a parliamentary or political grouping less permanent than a party or faction or an interest group. Recently however, the word has acquired a technical significance in social silence theories with the elaboration of the theory of n-person games. The notion of coalition formation is central to this theory, since coalitions 1 are the characteristics form of social organization by which the outcomes of such games are determined. The coalitions are the product of politics in a preliminary democracy. It is a phenomenon of multiparty 2 government where a number of minority parties join hand for the purpose of running the government .

The strength or weakness of constitutional morality in contemporary India has to be understood in the light of a cycle of escalating demands from the people and the callous response of successive governments to those demands. In a parliamentary democracy, the obligations of constitutional morality are expected to be equally binding on the government and the opposition. In India, the same political party treats these obligations very differently when it is in office and when it is out of it. This has contributed greatly to the popular perception of our political system as being amoral. Constitutional morality, apart from its own intrinsic importance, is a subject on which Dr. B. R. Ambedkar spoke through which governments are held accountable to the electorate. The paper uses the parliamentary form of government which evolves through Acts, Conventions, etc., and the level of democracy in India. The paper has examined in detail the topical aspects of parliamentary democracy in India, detailing the precedents, controversies which had arisen from time to time and the working solutions found or alternately amendments made to the delimitation process which are more democratic means of representation, distribution of the seats according to the 2001 census in India. There have been some misconceptions about the working of the delimitation process in the country in some states in case of reservation of seats to SCs, STs, etc., Finally remedies for deliberations along with any other needed corrections for action by the Legislature, Election Commission, and the Government are discussed.

The natural history and pathogenic potential of the recently identified TT virus (TTV) are currently a matter of intensive investigation. In an attempt to shed some light on these issues, nasal and blood specimens of 1- to 24-month-old children hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory disease (ARD) were examined for the presence of TTV. The results have indicated that at least in young children, the respiratory tract not only represents a route by which abundant TTV can be shed into the environment but also may be a site of primary infection and continual replication. Serum total IgE, blood eosinophil count as well as serum eosinophil cationic protein (sECP) were also assessed in this study for all the children included in the study. The difference was found to be statistically significant in the level of total IgE as well as sECP between children having positive TTV infection and those having negative infection whereas the difference was not statistically significant in case of blood eosinophil count. In conclusion, the elevated serum concentrations of ECP in patients with TTV infection may be associated with damaged respiratory epithelium and accelerated hypersensitivity in the respiratory system, which may cause chronic persistent cough for several months. Decreasing the serum level of ECP might play a role in relieving the symptoms of ARD. Additional studies are warranted to further validate this conclusion.

Buldhna District is located in the northern part of Maharashtra State. Physiographically the study area is divided into Deccan Trap and Purna valley. The Deccan Trap consists of hard & massive basaltic rocks and Purna valley is a rift valley having in situ salinity. Ground water quality in the study area needs to pay attention as the people are dependent on it for drinking and irrigation purposes. It is also noted that people from this area are suffering form renal disorders. Therefore physico-chemical parameters of 27 samples from shallow aquifer and 35 samples from deeper aquifer were randomly collected and analyzed using different statistical techniques.

In today's business world environmental issues plays an important role in marketing. All most all the governments around the world have concerned about green marketing activities that they have attempted to regulate them. There has been little attempt to academically examine environmental or green marketing. It introduces the terms and concepts of green marketing, briefly discuss why going green is important and also examine some of the reason that organizations are adopting a green marketing philosophy. It also focuses some of the problems with green marketing.

Highly wheat production in Egypt is constrained due to many diseases. Rust and stripe (yellow) rust diseases consider from the most important wheat diseases in Egypt. Thus, molecular screening of genetically resistant cultivars, varieties, accessions and hybrids offspring through many generations, is one of the most sustainable solutions to overcome these diseases. The objective of this study is screening strip (yellow) rust and leaf rust resistance genes in the three parents varieties, and F5 bread wheat families resulting from two hybrids: (Debeira x Sahel1) and (Sids6 x Sahel1). This was established by using Yr10 and Yr15 SSR markers for screening (yellow) rust resistance genes, and Lr9, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr26 as STS and SCAR markers for screening leaf rust resistance genes. The obtained results showed that, none of the studied wheat families had all the screened resistance genes. Where, families resulting from (Debeira x Sahel1) did not have any of the studied rust resistance genes. While, the families resulting from (Sids6 x Sahel1) had both SSR markers except family no. 22 had Yr10 only. For the Lr genes, all the studied families of both hybrids had the Lr9 resistance gene. There were variations between families in having the Lr19 resistance gene. The SCAR marker for Lr24 resistance gene was found in Debeira parent and families no. 17, 18,20 ,24 ,30 and 39 of its hybrid. No bands of this marker were found in any of the parents or families of (Sids6 x Sahel1) hybrid. Finally the Lr26 STS marker was not found in any of the studied bread wheat families.

The main object of the article is to determine and save the rear Astragalus species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (NAR) territory. According to the carried out investigations there are 69 Astragalus species in the territory. We have studied all these species and determined that 11 species out of them are threatened by extinction. We recommend to include them into the new edition of the NAR “Red Book” and the “Red Book” of the Azerbaijan Republic. They are the followings: Astragalus achundovii, A. alpinus, A. aznabjirtius, A. cicer, A.chalilovii, A. choicus, A. ordubadensis, A. goktchaisus, A. schachbuzensis, A. karakucshensis, A. polygala.

The Brahmaputra Valley of Assam plains supports several protected areas for the conservation of the wildlife; also counted among one of the world's biodiversity hotspot regions that has been a biological frontier even in the twenty first century. Nambor and Garampani WLS is one among them; harboring diverse group of plants and animals. Butterflies are the indicators of healthy ecosystem and very sensitive to habitat degradation and pollution, they are also very important group as they are the natural pollinators. The present study provides an array of butterfly diversity of Nambor-Garampani WLS. A total of 123 species/subspecies representing 78 genera and five families have been recorded. The family Nymphalidae was found dominant with 57 [46%] species followed by Lycaenidae 24 [20%], Peridae 18 [15%], Papilionidae 14 [11%] and Hesperidae 10 [8%] species respectively.

The comparative study of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and carbohydrate content have been investigated in healthy and affected leaves of S.cumini is a economically, medicinally important plant. Comparative account of chlorophyll in healthy leaves showed higher level than affected leaves (range mg/g fresh/wt.); carotenoids are showed higher level in affected leaves than healthy leaves, carbohydrate showed higher level in healthy leaves than affected leaves.

Dr. Ambedkar is known as the great leader, a lawyer, Social Reformer, Social Revolutionary, great Patriot well known constitutionalist, Humanist, Savior of the down trodden & depressed class more over great profounder of social justice all over the world. Being born in peculiar un-equal social system of Indian society suffered lot throughout his life as an untouchable. Though he was a great intellectual he was ill treated by the Hindu orthodox society where the chatavara and caste system is prevailing since time immemorial. Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar strong believer in humanity and in democratic principles made up his mind to provide social justice based on equality, liberty and fraternity to the exploited mass.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) among Anganwadi school children in rural areas of Thiruvallur district. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carries out among 75, 24-72 months old children attending various Anganwadi centers in Thiruvallur district were selected. Caries experience was recorded using DMFT index & crude odds ratio has been reported and considered null hypothesis to be significant if P- Value is < 0.05 which is level of significance. Results: Prevalence of Early childhood caries (ECC) was 45.33% and other factors such as jam, cola in their diet history was also found statistically significant with P-value<0.05. Conclusions: The present study shows a 45.33% prevalence of ECC. There is a need for preventive and curative oral health program in this section of society.

A study on effect of new media in the educational field was carried out at Coimbatore district among 100 students from different schools and colleges. Survey method was used and the results revealed that the advent of new media into the lives of urban respondents for educating themselves is very clear but for the rural Respondents are yet to get access to the latest forms of new media like social networking sites and forums to have educational discussions.

In this note, we construct a four sector static general equilibrium model of a small open economy with special consideration to the incidence of child labour. The paper examines the impact of FDI on the output levels of different sectors and also on the incidence of child labour. Here we have shown the possibility of expansion in the incidence of child labour. Finally we have shown that economic growth of our small open economy may immiserize deu to trade liberalization.

-There is increasing rate of maternal mortality all over the world. India has given special importance to health facilities to reduce maternal deaths. Government of Karnataka has formulated many schemes such as Janani Suraksha, Prasooti Araike, Madilu, etc. The paper described the statistical analysis of maternal mortality and progress of the schemes of Government of Karnataka in controlling maternal deaths.

Ambedkar was being guided by notion of equality, liberty, fraternity and justice – a common theme with which he was looking at both the traditional and contemporary society in India. He had declared, as early as in 1936, about the model of his ideal society to be based on the principles of liberty, equality and fraternity. He equated fraternity with democracy and spelt out the nature of an ideal society. Ambedkar observed, “An ideal society should be mobile, should be full of channels for conveying a change taking place in one part to other parts. In an ideal society there should be many interest consciously communicated and shared. There should be varied and free points of contact with other modes of association. In other words there must be social endsmosis. This is fraternity, which is only another name for democracy. Democracy (added)_ is primarily a mode of associated living, of conjoint communicated experience. It is essentially and attitude of respect and reverence towards fellowmen.” With its meaning, the fraternity assures the dignity of an individual and the unity and integrity of a nation. Such fraternal relationship is a need of the day not only in India but the world over especially when there prevail tensions and chaos in the life of human beings everywhere.

In our present era of modern education there has been a great erosion of values in the society. Education for nurturing values has been a matter of concern since independence number of education committees has been set up by the government of India as they have put forward many recommendation about need for the formation of programmes on education in human values in schools.

In our present era of modern education there has been a great erosion of values in the society. Education for nurturing values has been a matter of concern since independence number of education committees has been set up by the government of India as they have put forward many recommendation about need for the formation of programmes on education in human values in schools.

INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF):- The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WB) are multilateral financial institutions having their genesis in the Bretton Wood Conference during 1944. The IMF was set up, first for post-war reconstruction and for greater economic cooperation amongst the countries. Subsequently, its role changed to achieve exchange rate stability of different economics.

A comprehensive analysis of health care infrastructure, which consists of hospitals, dispensaries, practitioners, doctors, Para medical staff health workers. Health assistance. ANM's no. of beds and medical stores. So and so forth, in the district of Haveri is undertaken in this chapter

For every sports person Nutritional Health is essential in order to be able to perform to his or her maximum ability. Nutrition is the process of getting food into our body and using it as raw materials for growth, fuel for energy, and vitamins and minerals that keep the body healthy and functioning properly. The foods that we eat provide the energy to the body that needs to function. Just like we need to put fuel to the car or recharge the cell phone battery, the body needs to be fed energy-providing foods every day. The main form of energy for our body is carbohydrates.

Human rights are held by all persons equally, universally, and forever. Human rights are those basic standards without which people cannot live in dignity. To violate someone's human rights is to treat that person as though she or he were not a human being. Mulk Raj Anand is one of the few prolific Indian writers in English who have earned a good name as major novelists. He still continues to enjoy the reputation of being a stalwart in the field of Indian writing in English. Perhaps no other writer has been so intensely and actively associated with literary creation, with arts and with the cultural mainstream of the country as Anand has. His novels and stories are read and admired all over the world. All his novels deal with the underprivileged sections of Indian society. The most recurrent theme in his novels that strikes the reader is his treatment of the oppressed and suppressed classes of society. His subject is man. It is this kind of Anand's love of humanism, a principle of all embracing humanity, and his immediate and ultimate concerns as a writer and passionate sincere sympathy for the downtrodden sections that continually inspire and stimulate him to write continuously and prolifically. In Untouchable, human rights appeared to be restricted to those who control the civil society based on religious interpretations and the political regime. Hinduism prevents the Hindus from touching the sweepers or even touching anything a sweeper has touched. For example, in Untouchable we see the confectioner throws the "jalebis" to Bakha and his assistant splashes water on the nickel coins Bakha has placed on the shoe-board. Furthermore, human rights are denied and abused because of the social and religious structure in India during that time. The high castes Hindus are given the authority to degrade the lower-caste.

The emerging economies such as BRICS excluding China are experiencing trade as well as current account deficits in the recent years. The countries such as India, Brazil, Russia and South Africa are facing persistingdeficits while China hassurpluses mainly because of its export performance and capital inflows. BRICS as a group has experienced deficits in its trade surplus during the study period, 1990-2011. Sustaining trade deficits is important in sustaining the phenomenal economic growth in these countries. This is possible only when exports and imports of these countries are cointegrated and the causal connection runs between exports and imports. The present paper is an attempt to verify the cointegrated relationship between exports and imports ofBRICS. The empirical results based on panel data unit root testsand cointegration testsuggest that the exports and imports of BRICS as a group are cointegratedsupporting the sustainable trade deficits hypothesis.The results based on cointergration regressionusing FMOLS and DOLS methods suggest that Husted's (1992)hypothesis has been proved.This implies the adjustmentbehaviour of exports towards imports in these countries in the long run. In view of this empirical findingit may be concluded that the present macro and trade policies have been effective in attainingthe equilibrium between exports and imports andBRICS as a group should continue with itspresenttradeand macroeconomic policies.

Ultrasonic velocities of binary liquid mixtures of methyl benzoate with 1-nonanol are measured at 3 MHz frequency using ultrasonic interferometer at 303.15K,308.15K,313.15K and 318.15K over the entire range of composition. Theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity have been evaluated at the four temperatures using Nomoto's relation, Ideal mixture relation, Impedance relation, Rao's specific velocity relation and Junjie's method. Theoretical values are compared with the experimental values and U2exp/U2IMR is evaluated for non-ideality in the mixtures. A good agreement has been found between experimental and theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity. The relative applicability of these theories to the present systems has been checked and discussed. The results are explained in terms of molecular interactions occurring in these binary liquid mixtures.

The effects of chilling treatments and darkness durations on seed germination and seedling growth of Egyptian husk tomato (Physalis pubescens L.)"Balady" cv. was investigated. The experiment consisted of two parts; firstly the seeds of the tested cultivar were incubated for chilling in the refrigerator at 4°C for ( 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days); second seeds were germinated in test tubes contained ten seeds and incubated in the darkness by covering them with aluminum foil each ,for 3, 6, 9 ,12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 days at 25 ±1°C ; then they exposed to light (16 hrs.) for further 3-5 days. The obtained results indicated significant enhancement of germination percentage at 27days of darkness and 2 days at 4°C. The present study has demonstrated the advantages of chilling the seeds in darkness before subjected to light in order to reduce the long germination period of Egyptian husk tomato. Notably, as soon as the covered seeds were exposed to light, they have been germinated immediately. A protocol was developed for caulogenesis and regeneration for the Egyptian husk tomato Balady cv. Hypocotyl and leaf explants were used as a starting material for callus induction. Maximum caulogenesis from hypocotyls and leaf explants were obtained on MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.000 to 4.000 mg/l) in combinations with NAA at 0.250 mg/l

In the last two decades there has been tremendous concern shone to the security complexity created by weak and failing states. South Asian region is home to more than one-fourth of the world's population. It is an area of varied geography and endowed with diverse natural resources. The countries in the region still depend heavily on agriculture, with the majority of their populations relying on it for their livelihood. Strategically the political conditions in Pakistan are highly significant to the regional and international security. As an integrated and influential chain of the South Asian system, the failure or demise of Pakistan is highly detrimental to the regional stability. As The multi-faceted threat emanating from Pakistan give way to intrastate, interstate and human security issue in the region. In fact the incapacities of Pakistan not sheer question the existence of Pakistan but also the survival of the South Asian region.

India's growth story has important implications for the capital market, which has grown sharply with respect to several parameters — amount raised number of stock exchanges and other intermediaries, listed stocks, market capitalization, trading volumes and turnover, market instruments, investor population, issuer and intermediary profiles. In research, the investigator has used a structured questionnaire for eliciting the required responses relating to investment from general public. For the purpose of secondary data, the investigator has used books and internet. Lot of data was also gained through verbal conversation with the employees of the Ludhiana stock exchange. Lastly, all the data were compiled together to make a complete report by analyzing the data collected.

Background: Nicotine, major toxic component of cigarette smoke, is considered to be the main risk factor in the development of pulmonary diseases Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological, biochemical and immunological changes in albino rats following intraperitoneal injection of nicotine. The possible protective effect of curcumin was also evaluated. Material and Methods: The study included three groups, the first served as control. The second was injected with nicotine (2.5mg/ kg body weigh) for eight weeks. The third group was injected with nicotine as the second group in addition to curcumin (80mg/kg body weight) for also eight weeks. Results: Injection with nicotine resulted in replacement of air sacs in lung tissue by connective tissue full of large number of inflammatory cells and red cells. Respiratory bronchioles were disrupted and their lumen was closed with acidophilic material. Biochemically increased Malondialdehyde (MA) and nitric oxide (NO) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Ca) were documented. Immunologically, nicotine was an important immuno-suppressive constituent of cigarette smoke. The previous results were improved in curcumine treated group indicating its protective role against the oxidative stress .Conclusion: We concluded that, consumption of curcumine to smokers can protect against lung hazards

Women and children are increasingly becoming vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Over 35 percent of AIDS cases reported are below 25 years of age and 50 percent of new infections are between 15 and 24 years old. (UNICEF India). The objective of the present paper is to elicit and analyse the factors of ART Adherence among HIV Positive Children. The study is conducted in four district of Andhra Pradesh, India. “Adherence is the extent to which a person's behaviour in taking medications, following a diet, and/or executing lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a health care provider” (WHO 2003:3). The determinants of adherence among children studied are found as the age of the child, schooling of the child, knowledge of caregivers, awareness of children and their coping pattern towards ART treatment, transportation facilities for treatment, supply of drugs related in this study. Conclusion: Though, the adherence status is high (55.4%) among the infectious children of HIV/AIDS and are under ART treatment, their adherence has to be enhanced to the level of cent percent. The efforts of Governmental and Non-governmental, should focus on strengthening the contributing factors of adherence for ART treatment among children.

Employee Retention has been a distress and an alarming situation for the organisations for a long time but more since the job market has become competitive. This research paper has also included the responsibilities that need to be undertaken by the human resource department for employee retention as this is the department that has often overlooked and misconceived by the employees. A survey was carried out to gather inputs from the working professionals mainly focusing upon join, stay, leave model (JSL) wherein certain reasons/factors were listed to choose from which are effective and motivational for decision making. Problems pertaining to employee retention were identified from the survey and discussions and possible solutions are stated within the research paper

Banks are among the top ten high stress workplaces (www.banknet.india.com) in India. Elucidating the causes of occupational stress is important not only for its potential implications for stress management at banks but also for enhancing an understanding of strategic human resource management. The study is undertaken to address the specific problems of bank employees related to occupational stress. The study throws light into the pathogenesis of various problems related to occupational stress among public sector bank employees in Tiruvarur district of Tamilnadu. The result of the study revels that the officers and clerical staff experience high level of occupational stress and sub staff experience moderate occupational stress.

Foreign Direct Investment has gained huge importance in developing countries in past few decades. The positive benefits of FDI to the receiving host country include capital, skill and technology transfer, market access and export promotion. However, it also brings along with it negative cost for the host country. Mining sector in India is growing at a fast pace and is a sector crucial for India's economic growth. The result is that the present day society, especially in emerging economies like India and China is crucially dependent on the minerals industry for sustained economic progress that will alleviate poverty and improve the quality of life.'. The present study tries to evaluate the environmental impacts of foreign direct investment in mining sector in India using the study secondary data.