Ecotourism is a modern phenomenon emerged for conservation of nature with the enjoyment of nature in tourism. Gaganbawada is having very rich biodiversity with various types of ecotourism destinations. This area is having number of lakes and small hills with dense forests which can be attraction for the tourists who seek for nature based tourism. Geographically, it is isolated from the developed destinations of tourism. Due to the lack of transportation facilities it is hidden from the tourists. It has potential for the religious as well as ecotourism. The attention of this paper is to focus the potentialities of this tourist place.

This study is an attempt to discuss the impact of neurons on problem solving ability. Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological mechanisms underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes and their behavioral manifestations. A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system. Neurons are similar to other cells in the human body is a number of ways, but there is one key difference between neurons and other cells. Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body. The teaching of mathematics presents numerous problems for the teacher of mathematics. The methodology adopted by the teacher in the classroom needs frequent change as the student's aptitude and attitude vary year after year. Education is a continuous process on developing the personality of an individual. It aims at the overall development of teaching techniques to solve the problems. For effective learning of Mathematics subject, constant and continuous understanding is a must. The learner can attain the goal. Only after overlooking his distractions, deviations, disturbances, defects, and discriminating and determining the facts previously. Hence a necessity arises to know about the effective and innovative neurocognitive strategies in problem solving ability.

In this research paper author tried to highlight the great extremists in Indian National Movement. The first organized militant movements were in Bengal, but they later took to the political stage in the form of a mainstream movement in the then newly formed Indian National Congress (INC), with prominent moderate leaders seeking only their basic right to appear for Indian Civil Service examinations, as well as more rights, economic in nature, for the people of the soil. The early part of the 20th century saw a more radical approach towards political independence proposed by leaders such as the Lal, Bal, Pal and Aurobindo Ghosh

The Rebellion of 1857 was the first incident in the Indian history, which is still the topic of research after one hundred and fifty years continuous writing. However, a class of Ulema or Muslim Theologians, who had taken the most prominent part in the Rebellion, have not given the proper place until now. This research paper is a humble process to highlight their contribution, particularly Maulana Jafar Thanesari. The main focus in this work is the trial of Maulana Thanesari, the Jail torture and his love and passion for his country

With the technological development, the research over alternate fuels is increasing day by day in order to help the upcoming generation with a bright and greener future. To preserve the existing petroleum resources for future generation, it is necessary to switch over to any alternate source which is easily available, renewable as well as environment friendly. The objective of this study describes the usage of Diesel, Castor Oil and Nano Particles for a compression ignition engine under the different pressure levels (200 bar, 220 bar, 240 bar) and study the emission characteristics of biofuel at mixing ratio of 100ppm Magnesium Oxide. The emission levels of hydrocarbon and NOx are appreciably reduced with the addition of Magnesium Oxide nanoparticles.

Organizations of today are producing products and services that were unknown in the past thus giving new life with much more material comforts than ever before. All these comforts are possible through the effective utilization of human resources that need to be polymerized for effective productivity. Sugar Industry in Maharashtra is an important agro-based industry next to textile industry. It plays a vital role in the economic development of the state particularly in rural areas. An interview schedule has been administered to study the HRD practices of the selected mills. Data were collected through such interview schedule consigning wide variety of HRD Practices adopted by the respondent mills, such as training practices, carrier planning, reward and recognition and performance appraisal were followed in the selected mills which in turn have remitted in higher motivation, encouragement, organizational commitment and level of satisfaction of the employees

Mathematics has been a challenging subject, since long back, for the teachers to teach and for the students to learn. It is considered as a difficult subject for majority of the students. In most of the cases it is found that mathematics goes difficultfor the students in their advance studies because of poor understanding of the concepts of mathematics at initial stage.Due to lack of understanding of the concepts, students fail to apply them for solving complicated problems of mathematics

Image processing techniques in medical imaging are used to analyze the symptoms of the patients with ease. Medical images often blur during acquisition through electronic equipments, which are spread over the image. Real images are often degraded by blur and this blur can occur during image transmission and digitization. In such situation it is very difficult for doctors to diagnosis the particular disease. Therefore it is necessary to deblur the blurring image. The objective of this method is to detect the different types of blurring in medical images and remove that particular blur from the medical image. The results are analyzed, compared and evaluated through the quality metrics like mean and standard deviation, and these are found most suitable for medical diagnosis for doctors. [1, 4, 6]

Democracy is the strongest tool of any political system,through democracy we can select our representatives. To implement this system we have the Panchayati Raj,it is the oldest system of local government in Indian Subcontinent. It was started from the dream of Bapu,who wanted to decentralised the political system of India. So that every single person have the power to parcipate in the democracy. Panchayti Raj was implemented through the 73rd amedment but some "Scheduled areas" were not covered in this act so government of India enacted a Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 or PESA to enable gram sabha so that they can govern their natural resources and make the system more transparent and responsible as well. A three tier structure of local self government was envisaged under the PESA. But do we really acheived the goal of PESA in practical terms , it is a matter of debate.

In our current age of more and more data being made available to us, accurate data about whether our body is functioning correctly is one of the most important information one must receive on regular basis. When it comes to getting fitter and healthier, the knowledge of your health is of paramount importance. There is good research proving that simply keeping track of what we do, can significantly improve our health. Self-tracking can actually make us follow a healthier diet, sleep better and exercise more– simply by letting us know the areas we need to improve. But there is plenty of room for human error in manual recordings. Per contra a Fitness Tracker provides this feedback in real time, capturing all the necessary details and then syncing up to deliver a clear picture of your health electronically at the touch of a finger.

The present investigation attempts to find out the relationship between health problems and health anxiety among adolescent girls in urban and rural areas. The present study was conducted on 200 adolescent girls of age group between 16-18 years, of which 100 belonged to urban area and 100 were from rural area. The tools used for the present investigation were Health Problem Inventory devised by the Investigator (2013) and Health Anxiety Inventory formulated by Lucock and Morley (1996) to find out the health problem and health anxiety among adolescent girls. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Standard't' test, Karl pearson co-efficient of correlation. The results from the present study revealed that locality has an effect on the health problem of adolescent girls. There is no significant difference in the health anxiety of adolescent girls belonging to urban and rural areas. There existed relationship between health problem and health anxiety among adolescent girls with regard to urban and rural areas.

Botnets are emerging as the most serious threat against cyber-security as they provide a distributed platform for several illegal activities such as launching distributed denial of service attacks against critical targets, malware dissemination, phishing, and click fraud. The defining characteristic of botnets is the use of command and control channels through which they can be updated and directed. Recently, botnet detection has been an interesting research topic related to cyber-threat and cyber-crime prevention. This paper is a survey of botnet and botnet detection. The survey clarifies botnet phenomenon and discusses botnet detection techniques. This survey classifies botnet detection techniques into four classes: signature-based, anomaly-based, DNS-based, and mining-base

The present study was taken up for Promoting Positive Gender socialization practices among Agrarian society. The sample comprised of 45 mothers (20- 35 years) of Anganwadi children from 2 villages (Kesaram & Ibrahimpalli) of Chevella Mandal, RR district. The prevailing Socialization practices among the selected sample were assessed using the adopted version of Child Gender Socialization Scale by Judith E Owen and Craig A.Hill. The pre test scores of the sample revealed gender differences in mothers' attitude in all the seven areas of Gender socialization practices. Based on the results, Orientation cum awareness programmes were organized on 'Positive Gender Socialization Practices', using effective extension methodologies such as: Focused group discussions; Situational analysis, Role plays, Group exercises etc for a period of 6 months. The post test scores showed significant changes in mothers' attitude towards Gender Socialization Practices.

This paper aims at estimating awareness of digital library by students of professional institutes residing at Satara district. The focus of the study is towards use of e-journals, percentage effective utilization of e-journals in digital library. A study in this regard was carried out; the survey reveals the fact that more than 60% of postgraduate students utilize the e-journals in digital library to upgrade subject knowledge, preparation of seminar, project, and writing review / research articles

Retail industry plays a crucial role in any economy. Customer retention plan and its implementation is a basic requirement for the success of a retailer. Information technology is contributing modern business in many different ways. Internet based email systems is playing an important role in acquisition and retention of customer in modern business.Being a most common application of the internet,email has brought a big revolution in the way of doing business. Companies can send information far easier and faster and can easily track past communications. Emails reduce cost and save time. A rapid development is going on in emailtool and techniqueowing to the advent of new software. Intelligent software and smarttools enhance theeffectiveness and capability of email. The core objective of this research is to evaluateuseful emailsoftwarethat enables email system to read, understand andreply emails automatically, do analysis of emails for business purpose, organize and distribute them, extract data and information, store them and present them to related officers for an action. These software can do the job that was not possible for even a big staff in anyorganization. The success of any modern business depends on the fact that how efficiently and profoundly it uses this tool. "Let the email manage you and your business" should be the new strategy of a successful business in modern world

This chapter introduces the concept of alternative education in its various different forms and approaches. The author explores the context, history and development of several alternative forms of education utilised worldwide. In addition the authors explores the notions of the culture of learning for each, including the conception of the learner, realization of the learning environment, role of teachers, curricula and culture of assessment. The paper also calls for a reassessment of alternative models of education in light of what the learning sciences reveal on cognitive and social processes which result in effective learning. Given the range of features at alternative schools that seem to make sense from a learning sciences perspective, could alternative schools thus serve as models for a broader renewal of mainstream education in the knowledge society? To a certain extent, it seems, alternative schools have already played that role in recent years, because so many of the instructional strategies and assessment techniques they developed have impacted learning and teaching in public school systems across the world.

Microfinance is a type of banking service that is provided to unemployed or low-income individuals or groups who would otherwise have no other means of gaining financial services. Micro finance through Self Help Group (SHG) has been recognized internationally as the modern tool to combat poverty and for rural development. Micro finance and SHGs are effective in reducing poverty, empowering women and creating awareness which finally results in sustainable development of the nation. The main aim of microfinance is to empower women. In this paper the role played by Microfinance in women's empowerment are considered into three dimensions namely psychological, social and economic. The objectives of the study is i) to study the performance of SHGs in Erode rural region, ii) the role of MFIs in empowerment of the women and iii) to offer suggestions for the betterment of women's empowerment in SHG's. The study is undertaken in rural areas of Erode district. Both primary and secondary data have been used. Primary data is enumerated from a field survey in the study region. Secondary data is collected from NGOs' reports and other documents. The researcher has used percentage method, Descriptive Statistics, Regression and Anova. Analysis showed that there is a gradual increase in the all the three factors among rural women's. From the interaction among the respondents it is noticed that some members are expecting the NGO to come up with more training sessions in income generating activities. All they need is a way to develop their skills and talents by participating in various training programs. There is a definite improvement in psychological wellbeing and social empowerment among rural women as a result of participating in micro finance through SHG programmes.

The aim of the study was to compare the selected physiological variables among handball, Volleyball and Hockey players. For the purpose of the study, 90 athletes (30 from each group) of age 21±3 years were chosen from Lakshmibai National institute of Physical Education, Gwalior (M.P). The variables which had been tested were vital capacity (VC), Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), resting pulse rate (RPR) and resting respiratory rate (RRR). The dry Spiro-meter and the methods selected for the collection of the data are highly valid and reliable. As a statistical tool, one way ANOVA was employed. After the data analysis, ANOVA was found insignificant in case of VC, RPR and RRR but in case of PEFR, it was found significant. Post Hoc test on PEFR reveals that the Volleyball players have low PEFR in comparison with the Hockey and handball players.

Fiscal policy and monetary policy are the two tools used by the State to achieve its macroeconomic objectives. While the main objective of fiscal policy is to increase the aggregate output of the economy, the main objective of the monetary policies is to control the interest and inflation rates. The celebrated IS/LM model is one of the models used to depict the effect of interaction on aggregate output and interest rates. The fiscal policies have an impact on the goods market and the monetary policies have an impact on the asset markets and since the two markets are connected to each other via the two macro variables — output and interest rates, the policies interact while influencing the output or the interest rates.

The present study was based on the secondary data in which simple linear regression was used to understand the impact of time on the production of rice; the results have indicated that the coefficient of determination (R2) for time was calculated as 34.88%. Also t test was used to understand weather production of rice depends upon time or not which was statistically significant in which null hypothesis was rejected at 0.05 level of significance and 11 degree of freedom. Apart from this estimated production of rice in the year 2012 was calculated through compound growth rate resulting 261.33(000) qtls will be produced in the year 2012. Data used in the study has shown continuous fluctuation and declining trend in the production and productivity from the last decade due to conversion of paddy land for other commercial purposes which is a threat to the people of Jammu and Kashmir

Steganography and convert channels are the two sides of same coin. Steganography intends to hide the secret message but transmits data through the known communication channels whereas in covert channels, message is sent through such a communication channels which is not actually meant for communication. In steganography the data is hidden under a stego object that can be text, image or video. Covert channel uses flows in the design of system or any other mode through which communication can take place without violating transmitting protocols. This paper discusses various aspects that clearly differentiate these two sides of coin. We start by explaining both of them into some technical terms and later various techniques are also discussed for accomplishing both Steganography and communication through covert channels and their countermeasures regarding the bandwidth are also quoted down.

The analysis on the performance of a longitudinally rough plane slider bearing under the presence of magnetic fluid is presented. The magnetic field is oblique to the stator and the bearing surfaces are assumed to be longitudinally rough. The roughness of the bearing surfaces is characterized by a stochastically random variable with non-zero mean, variance and skewness. The concerned Reynolds equation is averaged with respect to the random roughness parameters. This equation is solved with appropriate boundary conditions to obtain the expression for pressure distribution which is further used to calculate the load carrying capacity. The results are presented graphically. It is seen that the load carrying capacity increases due to the magnetic fluid lubricant. It is also observed that the roughness affects the bearing performance adversely. The study reveals that the negative effect of roughness can be minimized by the positive effect of magnetization.

The village of Sanjul facing a water scarcity problem in summer sessions hence this work can be carried out. The traditional use of remotely sensed image interpretation lies in the qualitative characterization of hydrogeological mapping units and the detection of specific features. Most applications pertain to crystalline basements. Basaltic trains more recent developments pertain to groundwater emergence in the discharge areas of groundwater flow systems using thermal and multispectral imagery, and to management of groundwater for the latter, spatial recharge patterns and contamination assessment will focus attention on defining the parameters of vegetation and terrain mapping units and on monitoring hydrogeological relevant surface features embedded in spatial groundwater models. GIS is a tool for storing manipulation retrieving and presenting both spatial and non-spatial data in a quick efficient and organized way. Since most land information elements have a geographic connotation, geographically reference data with GIS techniques come to the fore in such and application.

With the introduction of new communication technologies, the power of mass media has grow in stature. The mass media shapes our perceptions of social reality by presenting only some aspect of reality and by continuous repletion of images and messages. Although the form and content of mass media have changed dramatically over the year, the mass media have played a decisive role in reinforcing gender stereotypes and in reinforcing patriarchal culture by constructing new meanings and images and by setting agenda for public for opinion through selective themes and viewpoint. This paper attempt to give a picture of representation of women in the mass media (Films, T.V,) on basis of available research literature on women and mass media. It argues that women and their concern are no longer invisible in the mass media. However, old sex-stereotypes have continued in new forms. With the growing commercialization of the mass media, there has been increasing commoditization of women in the mass media. On the other hand, progressive discourse on women's issues is often co-opted and re-constructed in the mainstream media to establish the hegemony of dominant social classes. Hence, the task of changing media images of women has become far more difficult in the context of market economy

An experiment was conducted to study on abiotic factors (Environmental factors) which plays a significant role in determine the productivity of the aquatic ecosystem .The experiment is carried out at the Manika maun which is located in Muzaffarpur district of Bihar. The outcome of present investigation revealed the variation of temperature, PH, Total Alkalinity, Dissolved oxygen and free carbon dioxide might be one of the important factors for proper growth of fish.

RTE mandates free and compulsory education to all children from 6-14 years of age. The key objective of RTE- SSA is Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE). Three important aspects of UEE are access, enrolment and retention of all children in 6-14 years of age. This goal of UEE, has further been facilitated by the Constitutional (86th Amendment) Act, making free and compulsory elementary education a Fundamental Right, for all the children in the age group of 6-14 years. This Amendment has given a new thrust to the education of Children with Special Needs (CWSN), as without their inclusion, the objective of UEE cannot be achieved. In-fact inclusion of one of the groups, which is extremely crucial for UEE, is perhaps that of the CWSN. Hence, education of CWSN is an important component of SSA

The objective of this work was to investigate the quality of services provided in establishments of aesthetics and beauty. In an expanding market, with products and techniques of rejuvenation, men and women more than at other times, has tried to delay the inevitable aging. This work presents an approach to the growth of the industry of Beauty and Aesthetics; discusses the aspects of quality in the provision of services, and demonstrates the basics of the concept of services, features, quality and attendance forms. We used the deductive method approach with descriptive and exploratory. The survey was in most qualitative, having only the tabulation of data as quantitative aspect. The sample was 70 (n= 70) participants, randomly chosen, which, having the identity preserved, received the encoding P1, P2... P70. The results showed the consumer behavior in relation to services of aesthetics and beauty, as well as the election of key metrics of quality in such services in the city of President Medici. It has had as a limiting Fctor to lack of bibliography and research in the area. Another limiting Fctor was the amount of time spent and the number of participants. It is recommended that the companies of the sector aesthetic in President Medici that even as a result of demand for professionals and the high demand for services, that they can be rendered in a professional manner, treating the customer as a unique being and essential to business success, because any slide can collapse an entire enterprise management of beauty

The study was intended to find out the Attitude towards using online library of Higher Secondary Teachers in Salem and Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India. Random Sampling Technique was used to compose a sample of 700 Higher Secondary Teachers. Mean, Standard Deviation and t values were calculated for the analysis of data. The result revealed that the Gender and Nature of institution had no significant difference but, Locality, Teaching subject and Internet users exhibited significant difference in respect of their Attitude towards using online library of Higher Secondary Teachers.

In today's scenario there has been a major change i.e. economic prosperity all over. The entire world is talking about the robust growth rates in this part of the world. Higher income levels and booming stock markets have led to more and more numbers of high net worth investors (HNIs). This means the availability of huge investible surplus. The investors with higher risk appetite want to experiment and try new and exotic products in the name of diversification. This has resulted in emergence of new options within the same or fresh asset classes. There are more products available within each asset class be it Equity, Mutual Fund, insurance. The purpose of the analysis is to determine the saving behaviour and investment preferences for the investment options available. This research paper also throws light on the effect of saving objective on preference of the investor towards Investment Avenue

River basin is considered as the basic hydrologic unit for planning and development of water resources and livelihood. Assam's Brahmaputra valley represents one of the most acutely hazard-prone regions in the country, having a total flood prone area of 3.2 million hectare. The lower Brahmaputra basin, Assam has caused the hazards of annual floods and erosion, bringing misery to the people and shattering the fragile agro-economic base of the region. The important factors causing floods in Assam are heavy rainfall, inadequate capacity of river, severe soil erosion, river bed silting, landslides, earthquakes, poor drainage, deforestation and practice of shifting cultivation or Jhoom as well as physical and anthropogenic causes. This paper focuses on the managing floods through specific structural measures such as reservoirs, embankments, channel improvement, town protection, river turning works, watershed management, inter-basin transfer, bank protection and anti-erosion work. Non-structural methods to control the floods and soil erosion should be through flood forecasting, flood plain zoning, changing cropping pattern and public participation in management works. The paper also provides various flood mitigation processes for the challenges faced in the lower Brahmaputra basin, Assam for sustainable development.

-I found that my first perception about user needs and behavior were totally wrong. When I first encountered the term "user needs and behavior" during MLIS (since I was not purely from library science background), I never thought that the subject has attracted attention of so many researchers; and with such diverse research perspectives.

E-learning ensures flexibility and efficacy whereas face to face learning environment provides the social interaction which is otherwise known as on line and traditional instruction or blended learning. E-learning teaching technology improves students learning where faculty members associated with e-learning methods can teach well in order to achieve desired course goals as well as objectives of education more effectively.

Thermodynamic studies like density ( ρ ), ultrasonic speed ( u ) and excess molar volume ( VmE ) of binary liquid mixture of Chloroform ,Acetone, m- Xylene ,Cyclohexane+ DMSO have been carried out over the different range of composition at 308.15 K. Thermodynamic parameters like isentropic compressibility Ks , interaction parameter, χ12 , Flory parameters, coefficients, Ai and standard deviations, σ (Y E ) have been computed from experimental findings. The excess thermodynamic functions have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The experimental ultrasonic speeds have been analyzed in terms of Jacobson Free Length Theory (FLT), Schaaff’s Collision Factor Theory (CFT), Nomoto’s relation, and Van Dael’s ideal mixture relation. Intermolecular Free Length, Lf , and available volume, Va , have been calculated from FLT, CFT and thermo acoustic approach.

E-learning ensures flexibility and efficacy whereas face to face learning environment provides the social interaction which is otherwise known as on line and traditional instruction or blended learning. E-learning teaching technology improves students learning where faculty members associated with e-learning methods can teach well in order to achieve desired course goals as well as objectives of education more effectively.

The paper aims to analyze the depiction of children in Jhumpa Lahiri's short story collection Interpreter of Maladies (1999), particularly the role and significance of progeny in parents' lives and the way they influence each other, directly or indirectly, intentionally or unintentionally, in life or in death, to good or bad effect, lending meaning and purpose to their respective existence. To this end the stories titled, A Temporary Matter, When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine, Interpreter of Maladies, Sexy, The Treatment of Bibi Haldar, Mr. Sen's have been analyzed. The interest of the paper also lies in analyzing the ways in which children in general affect or get affected by adults around them.

The Solar Power is the most abundantly available energy available on the Earth and depletion of current non-renewable sources has led to the need for efficient harnessing of this source. The Solar Panels used for the purpose are open to the environment and hence would frequently get obscured by dust and other impurities. The current methods used are risky and uneconomic hence the proposition of a “Solar Panel Cleaning Bot” is made. This doesn't require human intervention and is economic and is studied in the following paper

Due to a rapid advancement in the electronic commerce technology, the use of credit cards has dramatically increased. As credit card becomes the most popular mode of payment for both online as well as regular purchase, cases of fraud associated with it are also rising. In this paper, we model the sequence of operations in credit card transaction processing using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and show how it can be used for the detection of frauds. An HMM is initially trained with the normal behavior of a cardholder. If an incoming credit card transaction is not accepted by the trained HMM with sufficiently high probability, it is considered to be fraudulent. At the same time, we try to ensure that genuine transactions are not rejected. We present detailed experimental results to show the effectiveness of our approach and compare it with other techniques available in the literature.

The present study was undertaken to see the level of awareness of Gauhati University and Dibrugarh University students towards population education and to make a comparison between both the sexes. For this a sample of 60 students (30 male and 30 female from each universities) were taken from the Gauhati University, Guwahati and Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh. Descriptive survey method and purposive sampling technique was applied. The findings reveal that both male and female students were aware in all the four areas- Problem of Over-Population, Sex Education, HIV/AIDS and Small Family Norms, which shows the awareness towards population education.

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship of physical fitness and psychological variables to Kabaddi playing ability. To achieve the objectives of the study six physical fitness and three psychological variables were selected as independent variables and playing ability as dependent variable, which was assessed through subjective rating by three experts during the tournaments. Forty men Kabaddi players took part in the University of Madras Inter-Collegiate Kabaddi tournaments in the 2012-2013 sessions were selected as subjects. Pearson's product moment correlation (Zero order) was used as a statistical tool to find out the result of the study and it reveals that the physical fitness variables of speed, agility, explosive power, shoulder strength, endurance and flexibility and the psychological variables of sports competition anxiety, aggression and achievement motivation were significant relationship with Kababdi playing ability

The present study designed to know the job stress and personality traits of the secondary school teachers. This survey was conducted on the sample of 300 secondary school teachers which included 201 male and 99 female teachers from 25 secondary schools in Bandipora district of Jammu and Kashmir State. The tools used for data collection were Personal data sheet, Job Stress Scale constructed constructed and standardized by Srivastava and Singh in (1981) and Multivariate Personality Inventory constructed and standardized by Muthayya (1973). After data collection, researcher analyzed and interpreted data by using descriptive analysis and differential analysis to test the hypotheses. The result shows that there is a moderate level of job stress and high level of personality traits of the secondary school teachers in Bandipora district

At the dawn of Indian history women possessed a high social status and some of them were widely reputed for their learning. But the social, economic and political changes of later years levered their position and gradually denied them their right to education too. The social code for women, their early marriage and seclusion restricted their life t home by the end of the eighteenthcentury. But the Indian renaissance in the following period increasingly touched all aspects and problems of national life, position of women not exempted, till finally under the inspiring leadership of mahatma Gandhi it assumed the form of political struggle and social reforms in which women joined freely and shared equally with men the burdens and honors. With the coming of independence the constitution provided them equality f statues and greater opportunities and once again they looked forward to regaining their earlier pristine glory. The paper analysis cultural and educational status of tribal women in India.

The growth of population is influenced by the number of factors in a particular region. The important factors such as the demographic, economic, social and physical factors have great bearing upon the growth of population. Now a day, Geography is not merely descriptive subject.

Present study was conducted in Kanyakumari District in Tamilnadu with 500 socially disadvantaged adolescents(MBC, SC and ST) selected from 11 schools in to assess their vocational preferences (Scientific, Technology, Agriculture, Mass Media, Artistic, Commercial, Medical, Social service, Law and order and Education) using career Preference Record constructed and validated by the investigator. Data on vocational preferences revealed that Scientific and Education were the most preferred careers of socially disadvantaged adolescents while Agriculture is the least preferred career. Sex and locality influences the career choice of socially disadvantaged adolescents

The study was undertaken to analyse the effectiveness of CD as a supporting material to communicate Emily Bronte's novel 'Wuthering Heights' successfully and effectively to T.Y.B.A. (English Special) students of 'Single Group'. The researcher selected 25 students who are regular in the class from the English department of two different colleges and formed 'Single Group'. He aimed at showing the difference in comprehension of students by 'Self-study' and using CD as a supporting material in teaching the novel. For the purpose, he developed an informative, pictorial CD. It could easily draw the attention of the students. The results, which are remarkable, show that when the researcher taught the novel by using CD as a supporting material, there is a better comprehension by the students and they could retain for longer time what was learnt. He prepared multiple choice questionnaires. He also conducted Pre-Test, Past Test and administered a Retention Test after two weeks. The results drawn were remarkable.

Water is the most essential commodity required to maintain life. Water supplies in general and water distribution networks in particular have been a part of the modern living. Out of the total expenditure incurred on different facilities of water supply system, the expenditure incurred on the distribution network is maximum. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the water distribution network. Optimization involves the tradeoff between the performance and cost of the network. There are several approaches for optimization of water distribution network. Many researchers have applied genetic algorithm for the optimization of water distribution networks which has proven to be efficient over the traditional optimization techniques. Genetic algorithm search begins with a set of potential solutions and changing them during several iterations. The Genetic Algorithm tends to converge on the most 'fit' solutions. The process begins with a set of potential solutions or chromosomes (usually in the form of bit strings of binary numbers) that are randomly generated or selected. The entire set of these chromosomes comprises a population. The chromosomes evolve during several iterations or generations. New generations (offspring) are generated using the crossover and mutation techniques. Crossover involves splitting two chromosomes and then combining or exchanging randomly selected bits of one chromosome with the other in a pair. Mutation involves flipping a single bit of a chromosome. The chromosomes are then evaluated using a certain fitness criteria and the best ones are kept while others are discarded. This process repeats until one chromosome has the best fitness and thus taken as the best solution of the problem.In the present paper, the genetic algorithm model was developed in C#.net to find out optimum cost of the water distributing network. The applicability of the developed genetic algorithm model is discussed in this paper with a case study on water distribution network of Jaragnagar area of Kolhapur city, Maharashtra.

Thermodynamic studies like density ( ρ ), ultrasonic speed ( u ) and excess molar volume ( VmE ) of binary liquid mixture of Chloroform ,Acetone, m- Xylene ,Cyclohexane+ DMSO have been carried out over the different range of composition at 308.15 K. Thermodynamic parameters like isentropic compressibility Ks , interaction parameter, χ12 , Flory parameters, coefficients, Ai and standard deviations, σ (Y E ) have been computed from experimental findings. The excess thermodynamic functions have been fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The experimental ultrasonic speeds have been analyzed in terms of Jacobson Free Length Theory (FLT), Schaaff’s Collision Factor Theory (CFT), Nomoto’s relation, and Van Dael’s ideal mixture relation. Intermolecular Free Length, Lf , and available volume, Va , have been calculated from FLT, CFT and thermo acoustic approach.

Background: A 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is generally done at the start of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme or to evaluate a patient for lung surgery. This study was designed to assess the role of 6MWT in comparison with spirometry to assess treatment in COPD patient population. Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Department of Tuberculosis & Respiratory Diseases, GSVM Medical College Kanpur. COPD (GOLD 2008) patients and 61 healthy controls were included. The study compared 6MWT and spirometry to assess treatment response after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: 82 COPD patients and 61 healthy controls were included. Post treatment change in FEV1(percentage of predicted) was 13.70±3.24, change in FVC(percentage of predicted) was 8.44±3.93 and the change in 6MWT (percentage) was 11.99±1.66. On using regression analysis, it was seen that rate of change in FEV1, FVC and 6MWD was almost similar. Conclusion: It was concluded that in COPD patients 6MWD is a good alternative of FEV1 which is considered as gold standard. The biggest advantage is that 6MWD is easy to carryout and does not required spirometer for assessment.

The present study examines Cognitive and Affective Computer Attitudes of Secondary Teachers 300 teachers (170 male and 130 female – belonging to Urban area – 160 and Rural area – 140) were randomly selected from Colleges of Education affiliated to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. Computer attitudes scale (Cognitive and Affective) developed by D.Kumaran and K. Selvaraju was used for data collection. The result indicate that –(a)Teachers have a favourable computer attitude.(b)Sex and subject of specialization (faculty) have no significant influence on cognitive computer attitude, affective computer attitude and computer attitude.(c)Urban teachers have more favourable cognitive computer attitude, affective computer attitude and computer attitude than Rural teachers. (d)In urban group, male teachers have more favourable affective computer attitude and computer attitude than those of female teachers, whereas both male and female teachers do not differ in respect of cognitive computer attitude.

The current scenario is such that the assurance of security in large open networks has become the need of the hour. With increase in the rate of crimes , one needs to take precautions to protect the data in an efficient manner from all possible attacks. This application plays an important role in providing security for military communications , financial transactions , corporates and political issues. Basically for this need we have undertaken the task of providing such a secured package, which provides secured data transmission environment to the user. This all is possible using cryptography. Explaining each aspect in detail as follows , beginning with Cryptography.Cryptography is one of the major concerned areas of computer and data security and a very promising direction in cryptography research is known as DNA Cryptography. DNA computational logic can be used in cryptography for encrypting, storing and transmitting the information, as well as for computation. Although in its primitive stage, DNA cryptography is shown to be very effective. In this the concept of DNA is being used in the encryption and decryption process. The theoretical analysis and implementations shows this method to be efficient in computation, storage and transmission; and it is very powerful against certain attacks. This also proposes a unique cipher text generation procedure as well as a new key generation procedure. Finally, to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, its implementation is explained and the results are analyzed.In cryptography, ciphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information because it contains a form of the original plaintext that is unreadable by a human or computer without the proper cipher to decrypt it. Decryption, the inverse of encryption, is the process of turning ciphertext into readable plaintext. Ciphertext is not to be confused with codetext because the latter is a result of a code, not a cipher. Providing computer security in large open networks such as the Internet is one of the frontiers of computer science today. Yet, providing security is not so simple, and many technical challenges need to be solved to provide the high assurance.

Self Help Groups (SHGs) is a method of organizing the poor people and the marginized to come together to solve their individual problems. The SHG method is used by the Government, NGO's and others world wide. The Grameena Bank of Bangladesh is a people bank formed by the poor to provide easy loans for themselves. The poor collect their savings and save it in their own banks. In return they receive easy access to loans with a small rate of interest to start their micro unit enterprise. The thousands of the poor and the marginalized population in Bangladesh and building their lives, their families and their society through self help groups. In IX th five year plan of the Government of India had given due to recognition on the importance and the relevance of SHG method to implement developmental schemes at the grassroots level.

Financial restructuring through mergers and acquisitions is taking place at an unprecedented pace all over the world, including India, during the last few years. As the effects of globalization and liberalization are increasingly sweeping across the globe, more and more firms are joining hands to increase size not merely to stay in competition but to extend their dominance to new geographical areas. Through this study we want to achieve a greater understanding of mergers and acquisitions as they contribute significantly to India's economic growth, not only through increased capital flows, but also by sharing superior technologies, such as organizational and managerial know-how, and creating a competitive environment.

Sri Aurobindo's Savitri is one of the most philosophical poems in the world literature. Several philosophical and spiritual issues are dealt with a master hand by Sri Aurobindo. Though the concept of immortality is highly debatable, he had a clear idea of the nature of immortality man can attain. He had a very high ideal of immortality of the nature directly derived from the Vedas and Upanishads. He was of a confirmed view that along with Purusha, Prakriti, which is considered to be limited, unstable, mortal and therefore anatma, can be immortal provided that appropriate yogic methods are applied. Purusha the absolute soul is inherently immortal since it is beyond the limited and mortal planes of existence

Terrorism is an ambiguous concept and interoperated by the scholars as per the prevailing conditions. South Asia is one of the region which is facing this problem. Though it is an old concept but it took momentum after the 9/11 attack in US. The socio-economic and political conditions provide base to the terrorist activities in the world. Poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, starvation provide food to all inhuman activities. Though various efforts have been made to combat terrorism in the region but it is still facing the problem in different ways, which need further intellectual investigation in the issue.

Gender inequality, is a universal phenomenon which largely confronts women. In no society do men and women receive the same rewards Although, women have come a long way, their problems are not at all reduced. Moreover, they are facing more severe problems than before. It is observed that women are not safe even in their own homes. They are harassed and abused by their own family members, neighbours, friends, colleagues etc. They face problems while travelling, in their work places, and public places etc.

Purpose: To compare refractive and visual outcomes in patients treated with Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in cases of mild to moderate myopia with or without astigmatism in a prospective randomized clinical trial. Setting: Research Institute of Ophthalmology (RIO) and RCC refractive center, Giza, Egypt. Methods: Refractive and visual acuity results in a cohort of 80 eyes of 40 consecutive patients were randomized to receive either PRK or LASIK by the first two surgeons. All patients had mild to moderate myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ranging from -2.5 to -6.5 diopters [D]) with or without astigmatism. Patients were evaluated at 1 day, 1 week, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post operatively. Results: At 1 month, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), induction of higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and subjective symptoms of visual clarity, vision fluctuation, ghosting, and overall self-assessment of vision were worse in the PRK group. By 3 months, most of these differences had resolved except for trefoil aberrations which remained worse in the PRK group until at 12 months post operatively. At 12 months follow up, the mean spherical equivalent was reduced to ± 0.5 D in 97% of cases in the LASIK group and 96% of cases in the PRK group and reduced to ± 1D in 100% of cases in the LASIK group and 99 % of cases in the PRK group. Refractive stability was achieved in the LASIK group after one month and in the PRK group at 3 months. There were no intraoperative or postoperative flap complications in the LASIK group. There was no incidence of corneal haze in the PRK group. Conclusion: Both PRK and LASIK seem to be equally effective refractive surgical options to treat mild to moderate myopia, however, LASIK offers faster symptom recovery, an initially lower incidence of high order aberrations and faster refractive stability. No statistically significant differences were found in visual and/or refractive outcome after 12 months follow up with both procedures

Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park is a protected area of an ex-situ conservation for certain fauna and in-situ conservation of natural floral biodiversity comes under Sri Venkateswara Biospere Reserve Forest situated in the Seshachalam Hill ranges of Southern Eastern Ghats of Peninsular India. Floristic studies of protected areas is very much essential to enumerate the plant species for future generations and to maintain Sustainable Biodiversity Conservation. The systematic florist studies for three years resulted a total of 802 plant species include Bryophytes (2), Pteridophytes (13), Gymnosperms (5) along with major taxa of angiosperms (782) includes dicotyledons 639 and monocotyledons 143. Distribution of species to that of the other districts and regional floras showed a great diversity in the ratio of dicots to monocots equally to that of Kurnool and Chittoor Districts floras. Species diversity is closely related with Anantapur, Kurnool, Chittoor districts as the largest genera Euphorbia (15), Justicia (12) and Cyperus (10) and also with largest family Leguminosae (108) (Fabaceae). It also represents red listed species in natural conditions with Pterocarpus santalinus, Santalum album along with 11 other threatened category species in the zoo park. Hence, it is very essential to enumerate and enlist the flora of a protected area for the sustainable conservation for future generation.

The present study is to examine the depression among married and unmarried academic females. Hypothesis: the level of depression would be poor in married than unmarried academic females.Sample: For the proposed of the present investigation, a sample consisting 80 individual subjects from married and unmarried academic females of Aurangabad in Maharashtra. There are two groups (40 Married & 40 Unmarried) academic females.The sample of the study includes Post graduation all faculties' married and unmarried females'age ranging between 22 and 32 years.Tools: Mental Depression Scale: Mental Depression Scale is developed by Professor L.N. Dubey. The results indicate that there is no significant difference regarding depression between married and unmarried academic females

The purpose of the present study was to Soccer skill among players participated in different level of competition 60 players Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, during intercollegiate tournament of Nagpur University, University selection trial and the Inter-University Coaching Camp. A further analysis of Johnson Soccer Test for testing the significance of differences of pairs of group means was done and the result of such analysis.The mean and standard deviations of measurements in selected absolute Johnson Soccer Test variables for the three groups are given in Table-I. An analysis of variance of the mean scores of the three groups are presented in Table-II, it may be seen that weight, standing height, foot length, length foreleg length, calf girth, thigh girth, shoulder width and hip width distinguish levels of playing ability as proved by 'F' values greater than required for statistical significance of variance at 0.05 level of confidence.

For Dickens Shakespeare was “the great master who knew everything,” whose plays were “unspeakable source of delight.”His interest in Shakespeare began from a very early age. Dickens pointed out society's flaws in terms of its blinding greed for money and its neglect of the lower classes of society. He was a social critic. Themes of the novel such as the mechanization of human beings, the opposition between fact and fancy, the importance of femininity etc. are fundamental and it explored universal values. Dickens like Shakespeare is a supreme writer of the English language.

Image processing techniques in medical imaging are used to analyze the symptoms of the patients with ease. Medical images often blur during acquisition through electronic equipments, which are spread over the image. Real images are often degraded by blur and this blur can occur during image transmission and digitization. In such situation it is very difficult for doctors to diagnosis the particular disease. Therefore it is necessary to deblur the blurring image. The objective of this method is to detect the different types of blurring in medical images and remove that particular blur from the medical image. The results are analyzed, compared and evaluated through the quality metrics like mean and standard deviation, and these are found most suitable for medical diagnosis for doctors. [1, 4, 6]

The primary objective of the study is to analyze the effect of service quality on policy holder satisfaction in Salem Division of Tamil Nadu. The Salem Division consists of 18 branches. Since the number of policy holders in each branch was large, the policy holders could not be selected on a proportional basis, a sample of 360 policy holders, 20 from each branch were selected on the basis of convenience sampling method. The study reveals that policyholders have low levels of satisfaction with the basic amenities, service qualities, ease of procedure, company-client relationship and technology. The study further reveals that the overall satisfaction of the policyholders is poor in Life Insurance Corporation in the study area. The study indicates that there is a strong relationship between the service quality and a policyholders satisfaction and service quality is a strong predictor of customer satisfaction.

The paper examines the pattern of publications of the journal Quality Assurance in Education (QAE) from 2008 to 2012 and reveals various facets of its publications through key bibliometric measures. The study analyses publications of the QAE from the year 2008 to 2012. The author explores Scopus and Google Scholar to assess the impact and influence of individual papers through comparative analysis of citations recorded in the respective indexing databases. The study finds that out of 112 articles published in the QAE from 2008 to 2012, the journal published a little over 22 articles per annum, on an average. QAE authors have used 43.25 references per article on an average and the average pages per article in the journal ranges from the lowest average of 16.73 in 2008 to the highest average of 19.26 in the year 2011. Majority of its authors have used 41 to 50 references and e-citations in the journal are found less in comparison to that of journals and books. 2012 'Impact Factor' of the journal based on Scopus citations is found to be 1.047 while it is 1.976 based on Google Scholar citations

Globalization received considerable attention from economists on increasing Migration, Urbanization and Labour utilization especially in Developing countries. The broad conclusion of Migration theories concluded that the people migrate primarily for Economic factor. However, Migration occurs with the different Push and Pull factors. The decision to migrate, to chose distance and destination is mainly depend upon individuals migrant themselves. Though, very less will decided together by either family members or by the groups of migrants. In India after the post independence the Rural-Urban migration got momentum due to wide differ in economy, rapidly growth in transport & communication, education, over pressure on agriculture land, desire of urban life etc. (Gosal 1975). Now the Rural-Urban migration becomes a key issue to Govt because of increasing rural-urban migration in urban cities and its serious consequences by them.Sikkim, a eight members States of North-East India having least population, peace environment and most attractive tourist destination in entire North-East States in India. The rapid development in urban infrastructure, economic opportunity, modern amenities, education, living standards etc attracted the rural people to pull towards urban areas. As per the 2011 Census recorded high growth rate of urban population as compare to Census 2001. Therefore, this study attempt to highlight the factors behind the rural-urban migration in Sikkim while, taking the case study of study Namchi bazaar. For an effective result of the study the researcher collected primary data through interview directly from the field survey as well secondary data from various organizations. The study also highlights the decade's growth of urban population of Sikkim and its implication.

The picture carving in the inscription sculpture reveals the three types of clothings, namely heroes, common man and saints. The Mahasati wearing saree is visible in the mahasati inscriptions. The second par highlights. The use ornaments like forehead chain, bangle, bell bunch, centre belt and different bracelets that are depicted in the mahasati inscription sculptures in different places. The third part is about the use of armaments that are found in inscription sculptures are narrated, which includes the armour like chest cover, and war trumpet and drums. Thus, sculptures on inscriptions of North Canara region of Karnataka are minutely studies and keenly observed. The scope of this study is confined to North Canara region of present Karnataka, where we find more than 2000 inscription, including Mahasati inscriptions. This study is mainly based on field work and village to village survey as a part of Ph.D. research. It covers period from early times to 17th century A.D. Thus, the paper highlight the cultural aspects of inscription sculptures.

Performance of a company can be gauged using many parameters such as Gross Profits, Net profits, Earnings per Share, Profits After Tax, Operating Profits, Return on Capital Employed, Return on Net Worth, etc. However, it is universally accepted that turnover of a firm is the strong parameter highlighting its performance. Positive trend in the growth of sales of a firm indicates better growth prospects for it. Sales of a company signposts its size and growth potentials. A list of Indian hotels which are topping the list based on value of sales has been collected and performance of these hotels during 2004, 2008, 2013 and 2004-13 have been ranked using Data Envelope Analysis.Analysis reveals that performance of the hotels has been fluctuating over the study period, though their performance is highly encouraging during the last year of 2013. Practical Implications: This study proposes to analyse the performance of top Indian hotels during the past ten years 2004-2013. A distinction can be made between the better performing hotels and those performances of which may be enhanced in the future. Managers of these hotels should device strategies for better utilization of their assets to generate effective turnover.

Fast-tracking deforestation, proliferating poaching and quarrying is leading to habitat destruction of wildlife animals especially carnivore's animals like Tiger, which is further aggravating the problem of man-animal conflict. So that's whyIndia and Rajasthan government make a 'Tiger Biosphere Reserve' project, the corridor will be developed connecting Keoladeo, Ranthambore, SawaiMansingh, Ramgarh, JawaharSagar and Dara sanctuaries falling under Bharatpur, karuli, SawaiMadhopur, Kota, Bundichittorgarh and jhalawar district.. Meanwhile India government has made great strides recently to protect tigers and increase population numbers through tiger reserves, punishing poachers with imprisonment and fines, and through effective patrolling strategies. In this paper more and more focus on identification of tiger corridor area in Rajasthan on regarding with tiger population.

The present study is an attempt to find out adjustment problems of IT Professional in relation to their occupational stress . stratified random sample of 302 IT professional selected different IT Industries at Bangalore India.Dr. A V Srivastava and Dr. A P Singh Occupational stress index scale and Hugh M . Bell the adjustment inventory adult form used for study. Result reveals that there is a relationship between and their occupational stress

To remove trade barriers in the year 1991 LPG (Liquidation, Privatization, Liberalization) policies were introduced in India. As a corollary the domestic market of India was integrated with world economy. As a result the cross border transaction between the countries increased and there was cross border capital flow (Both inflow and outflow) caused Indian companies to face foreign exchange (forex) exposure. In recent days IT industry is growing rapidly. Many companies are having cross border transaction in different currencies, which exposed them to risk of change in exchange rates. Hedging through currency derivative is the most popular techniques to mitigate this risk. This hedging practice is started with introduction of currency forward in the year 1999. National Stock Exchange also launched the platform for trading in currency futures in 2008 and trading in Currency Options in 2010. The Indian firms were given the opportunities to effectively manage the foreign exchange risk exposure and to hedge their foreign exchange risk by using the currency derivatives. This paper attempts to evaluate the various alternatives available to the Indian corporate for hedging financial risks and strategies adopted by select Indian IT companies. The annual reports of three top IT companies namely TCS, Wipro and Infosys are analyzed for this purpose

Creativity is often known as a characteristic that a person possesses, a product or outcome that is regarded as original, and a process by which an unusual, novel or suitable outcome or solution is obtained. According to Segal (2001), creativity involves the exercise of imagination to come out with new, unique and original ideas and products. Many researchers strongly argued that creativity could be taught and fostered. The paper concludes by recommending that Brainstorming should be to be integrated into teaching and learning activities of academic courses to improve the creative potentials of students.

India is a country with immense potential and opportunities. Retail in India is one of the sectors which has been undergoing some radical changes in the last decade or so. There are number of reasons which has contributed to this such as change in demographics of the consumer, improvement in infrastructure, economic growth, rise in general standard of living and improvement in technology to name some.Amidst all these changes, a new phenomenon in organised retail market has emerged in the last decade which is called private label brands (PLB's) or In-store Brands. This paper is an attempt to thoroughly study and understand the concept of private labels. The main topics under consideration in this paper are the evolution of private labels in Indian market, the contribution it has to this sector, the reason they are becoming so popular in a little time. This is also an attempt to study the strategies followed by private labels and what kind of future can private labels expect from this burgeoning market. This paper also discusses some examples of successful private labels that have sailed though and gained a reputation in the market

आज जीवनपध्दती बदललेली आहे. कामाचा स्वरूप देखिल पुर्विसारखे देखील पुर्विसारखे एकसारखे राहिले नाही. अशावेळी प्राप्त परिस्तिथि तीत प्राप्त वेळात कुटुंबातील आहारविषयक गरजा चागल्याप्रकारे पूर्ण होण्याची गरज असते.याकरिता आहारातून सर्व पोषकतत्वे मिळवीत असे योग्य आहार आयोजन करणे आवश्यक आहे.

सजीव सृष्टीच्या विचार या जगात हा बौद्धीक क्षमतेच्या बाबतीत अग्रसेर आहे. याच बुद्धिमत्तेच्या जोरावर मानवाने पृथ्वीवर इतर ग्रहाचा अभ्यास केला. या शोधाची मालिका शतकानुशतके चालू राहिली . युरोपियन प्रबोधन युगानंतर मानवाची विचार करण्याची शक्ती दैववादाच्या जोखडातून बुद्धीवादाकडे अनुकूल झाली आणि नवनवीन शोधाची एक अखंड चालणारी शृखला तयार झाली

भारत में पत्रकरिता की शुरुवात किन परीस्थितियों में हुई ये जानना बहुत रोचक है| वे कौन-कौन से मुद्दे थे जिनको सामने लाने के लिए , आम जनता भले ही न शि लेकिन असंतुष्ट मुलाजिम किस तरह से सामने आए , और एक दिमागी लड़ाई की शुरुवात की|

व्यंजन ध्वनियाँ वे है जिनके उच्चारण में निकलने वाली वायु को स्पर्श , घर्षण , या रुकावट का सामना करना पड़ता है| वह मुख से किसी न किसी स्थान पर रोककर निकाली जाती है | हिन्दी के व्यंजन उच्चारण स्थान अर्थात मुख से जिस स्थान पर रुकावट या स्पर्श होने पर व्यंजन का रूप बनता है |भिलाली में अनुनासिक उष्म और संयुक्त व्यंजनो का अभाव है|

Viscous oscillatory flow in a long narrow rectangular channel between two porous plates, with a periodic suction and injection is considered in this paper. Closed form solutions are derived using lubrication approximation and similarity transformation. The axial and transverse velocity profiles are obtained and illustrated in the figures. The corresponding steady flow is deduced in the limit as the frequency of oscillation tending to be zero.

Road transport is the dominant mode of transportation both for moving goods and passengers. The growth of cities and towns has also led to an increase in the need for mobility, and a consequent increase in the numbers and types of vehicles occupying the road infrastructure creates congestion and unacceptable numbers of road accidents involving fatality and injury. Bhilwara city is well known for its textile and mineral industries. The four lane highway, a part of Golden Quadrilateral Highway Project and East – West Corridor Project of India, connects Bhilwara with major cities. The city occupies 1st position in Asia for the number of registered private four wheeler motor vehicles in 2001. City environments are the most prone to motor traffic accidents, due to underlying factors of undue concentration of vehicles, mixed traffic and the resultant flow conflicts. This again has tended to impact the poor more severely as many of those killed or injured tend to be cyclists, pedestrians or pavement dwellers. Present paper is an attempt to analyse the spatial distribution of road accidents and involvement of vehicles in road accident in Bhilwara City. The entire study is based on secondary sources of data collected from FIRs of various police stations of the city of 10 years (2001-2010). Municipal limit has been selected for study area.

एस पेपर का दृष्टिकोण लोकतंत्र में निर्वाचन-आयोग भूमिका रही है? एवं ब्रिटिश गुलामी जंजीरों से मुक्त हुए आजाद भारत में मतदाताओं तथा राजनितिक दलों की भूमिका का क्या सम्बन्ध रहा है? उसके उपर संक्षिप्त में प्रकाश डाला गया है| यधपि विश्व के सभी प्रजातांत्रिक देशों में चुनाव को त्योहारों की तरह बड़े हर्षो उल्लास के साथ मनाया जाता है|

एस पेपर का दृष्टिकोण लोकतंत्र में निर्वाचन-आयोग भूमिका रही है? एवं ब्रिटिश गुलामी जंजीरों से मुक्त हुए आजाद भारत में मतदाताओं तथा राजनितिक दलों की भूमिका का क्या सम्बन्ध रहा है? उसके उपर संक्षिप्त में प्रकाश डाला गया है| यधपि विश्व के सभी प्रजातांत्रिक देशों में चुनाव को त्योहारों की तरह बड़े हर्षो उल्लास के साथ मनाया जाता है|

The Indian sub continent as we know is habituated by a multitude of indigenous races ranging from the Himalayas to the coastal plains and each has their own distinct attributes. In this crucible of cultures the Indigenous Lepcha tribe of the Sikkim and Darjeeling hills is an attractive proposition. The dress of any culture defines its refinement down the ages and in this study we shall try to get of a glimpse of this unique culture through its dress. The attire of the Lepchas is as unique as the tribe and a fair reflection into the ingenuity and resilience that this tribe has possessed to tide over the onslaught of time

स्वतंत्र भारत का सपना केवल कुछ लोगों के हित साधन का ही सपना बनकर रहा गया था , बाकी जनता की स्थिति में कोई बदलाव आता नहीं दिख रहा था । गरीबी और अमीरी का अन्तर बढ़ने लगा था| इंदिरा गांधी के ' गरिबी मिटाओ ' के आहवन के साथ सत्ता में आने पर भी इसमें कोई सुधार आता न दिखा , उल्टे अधिक विकृतियां दिखाई देने लगीं । कृषि में कोई उल्लेखनीय प्रगति नहीं हो पा रही थी,औद्योगिकरण के बावजूद मंदी का दौर जारी था,बेरोजगारी, मंहगाई नई ऊंचाईयां छू रही थीं ।

Kerala holds adominant position both in the area of cultivation as well as in the production of naturalrubber in India. Under the Rubber Act Rules, owners of rubber plantations are classified in to twogroups viz; small growers and large growers. A small grower is defined as an ownerwhose rubber plantation does not exceed 20.23 hectares(50 acres) An owner having morethan 50 acres of rubber cultivation is considered to be large grower.The problems of rubber tapper in the smallholdings have not been seriouslytaken into consideration even by the institution connected with rubber. Thus, the actualforce behind the glittering development of small holding rubber sector has not been givenadequate consideration in the rubber related studies. Here an attempt has been made to analyse the socio-economic profile of rubber tappers in the small holding sector.

:Let G be a fuzzy graph without isolated nodes. A subset D of V is said to be a total dominating set if every node in V is dominated by a node in D. A total dominating set D of a graph G= (V,E ) is a total global fuzzy dominating set (t.g.f.d. set) if D is also a total dominating set of G . The total global fuzzy domination number γtgf(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a t.g.f.d. set for some classes of fuzzy graphs and obtain bounds for the same.

Packaging is the science, art, and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Today, good package design is regarded as an essential part of successful business practice Potential tool to differentiate products from their competitors Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. Packaging can be described as a coordinated system of preparing goods for transport, warehousing, logistics, sale, and end use. Packaging contains, protects, preserves, transports, informs, and sells. In many countries it is fully integrated into government, business, and institutional, industrial, and personal use.

Today's world very fashionate about mergers and acquisition because of Globalization after 1991. Which has created new trend in competition and competition has brought more importance to Mergers, Acquisition, and Strategic alliance in the industrialized world. This fashion of mergers and acquisition has given a flow of FDI into different markets of the world. Due to tremendous growth in competition it has gained more importance. The aim of this study is too see the trends in Mergers and Acquisition in Indian industry and also to see its growth path in the recent years.

Today's world without technology it's very difficult to manage things properly Take the daily routine of a person in this tech-savvy world. The day begins with a "good morning message" on social networking sites and ends with a "goodnight" on the same website. The social networking sites are a world in themselves, like a virtual world. There is the incessant use of mobiles and the Internet for communication, the whole day. To make the process quick and easy, there are modes like emails, teleconferencing, video conferencing, networking sites, etc., among other tools. Mobiles, emails, and social networking sites are the most popular means of communication among the current generation.

ना. घा. देशपांडे मराठी काव्यसृष्टीतील एक महत्वाचे नाव. एक प्रतिभाशाली कवी म्हणून त्यांची दखल मराठी साहित्य वर्तुळात घेतली गेली 1929 मध्ये “शिळ” या कवितेमुळे ते नावारूपाला आले. 1954 मध्ये “शिळ” या नावाने त्याच्या काव्यसंग्रह प्रसिद्ध झाला. शीळयतिरिक्त त्याचे ‘अभिसार’(1963),(1985), गुंफण (1996) आणि कंचनीचा महाल (1996) इ. काव्यसंग्रह प्रसिद्ध आहेत.

The concept of liberalization, privatization and globalization in our country has opened up the boundaries to become a part of global village. Our country should bring out some changes in our traditional education system to provide the right content, in the right format, to the right people at the right time for quality and timely education. This can be achieved only when we transform our conventional education system as per the needs of society and economic status in the world. New innovations like the use of information and communication techniques (ICT) have made it imperative to adopt a new approach and Blended learning can be a key to success to meet global standards. It has been observed that at Lingaya's University, the use of this approach in the classrooms that require the physical co-presence of teacher and students has produced good results. The author tries to explore the possibilities of its use in our educational institutions discussing its pros as a boon and cons as a bane, justifying the title while adaptation into current conceptions, helps in engage students to attain academic success, combining online learning and face-to-face instruction effectively and ultimately throwing light on the uses of blended learning in the beginning and suggesting its expansion to ensure quality and accountability and socialization. Blended learning has become a buzzword and is in demand in corporate as well as academic fields and it is likely to emerge as the predominant model for the students in future.

In the global economics, tourism provides an important & flourishing sustainable industry for the employment generation, sustainable management &development of a nation. Like ours we have a beautiful flora & fauna from the tourism & biodiversity point of view. So we have a good scope for tourism. Tourism is one of the importantmeasuresfor the employment generation, poverty alleviation & sustainable human development. The sector attracts the foreign & domestic tourists in the global world which maintained in improving well balanced economy of a nation like ours. Tourism industry has such a potential to maintain both economy & environment in a sustainable manner. Tourism industry will also help in conserving the natural & cultural beauty a nation. The present paper focuses upon the status of development of tourism industry in the context of India. It depicts that India had gained ever increasing image in the minds of foreign tourist by tourism industry. The data pertaining to tourism industry in India depicts that it increased the foreign exchange earningswhich will help in maintaining the economy of our nation.

भारतात स्वतंत्र्य प्राप्तीनंतर कल्याणकारी योजना या सामाजिक योजन, आर्थिक ,राजकीय तसेच शारीरिक व मानसिक दृष्ट्या दुर्बल असणार्या साठी राबविल्या गेल्या. महिला व बालकल्याण कार्यक्रम हा एक कल्याणकारी कार्यक्रम आहे. भारतीय राज्यघटनेत महिला व बालकल्याण कार्यक्रमाची निर्मिती करण्यात आली आहे.

भाषा मानव जीवन की अभिन्न अंग बन गई है | भाषा सर्वप्रथम संप्रेषण का कार्य निष्पन्न करती है | संगणकीय भाषा विज्ञान का उद्देश भाषा लिखित हो या मैखिक , इसकी अनंत संप्रेषण और सूचना संग्रह की क्षमता को संगणकद्वारा विश्लेषित करने में ही सन्निहित है| इसके लिए आवश्यक है की संगणक को प्राकृतिक भाषा को समझने की क्षमता को विकसित किया जाए वह भाषा को सृजित करने व प्राकृतिक भषा में निहित अनंत कार्यक्षमता को पहचानने में प्रशिक्षित हो सके|

In this paper, I examine the impact of work ethic is a value based on hard work and diligence in the role of spirituality. It is also a belief in the moral benefit of work and its ability to enhance character. An example would be the Protestant work ethic. A work ethic may include being reliable, having initiative, or pursuing new skills. Workers exhibiting a good work ethic in theory should be selected for better positions, more responsibility and ultimately promotion. Workers who fail to exhibit a good work ethic may be regarded as failing to provide fair value for the wage the employer is paying them and should not be promoted or placed in positions of greater responsibility.

India's inward investment regime went through a series of changes since economic reforms were ushered in two decades back. The expectation of the policy makers was that an “investor friendly” regime will help India establish itself as a preferred destination of foreign investors. Ever since India has embraced liberal economic policies by opening up its markets post 1991-92, capital inflows generated by foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) has proved to be indispensable for the cause of propulsion of economic growth of the country. Foreign direct investment and Foreign portfolio investment have been considered as distinct and independent forms of international capital flows. This paper analyses the inflows of FDI and FPI of Indian economy. The study also highlights the regulations of foreign portfolio investors issued by SEBI, initiatives taken by the Government to attract foreign investment and simplified norms of foreign portfolio investment placed by RBI to attract inflows.

Adolescence is one of the important periods of life. It is characterized by innumerable and unique problems with the demands of globalization, the nature and number of challenges have become still more compared to the yesteryears.

Writing includes theme and structure. This writing includes the task which is integrated one. One must read academic passage, then listen to the related academic lecture and finally write the summary of both.

मिडिया और राजस्ता ऐसे विषय है जिस पर चर्चा करना अत्यंत जटिल कार्य माना जाता है| हर परिदृश्य में एस विषय पर ही चर्चा की जाती है नी:संदेह “काले” का अस्तित्व पर सफेद पर ही टिका है| काले को सामान्यत:शुभ नहीं मानाजाता , फिर भी “काला” का अपना आकषर्ण एवं महत्व है| फिर चाहे वह “ काला धन “ हो य काली कमाई हो|

भारतात स्वातंत्र प्राप्तींनंतर कल्याणकारी योजना या सामाजिक, आर्थिक. तसेच शारीरिक व तसेच मानसिक दृष्ट्या दुर्बल असणार्यासाठी राबविल्या गेल्या. महिला व बालकाल्याण कार्यक्रम हा एक कल्याणकारी कार्यक्रम आहे . भारतीय राज्यघटनेत महिला व बालकल्याण कार्यक्रमाची निर्मिती करण्यात आली आहे. पंचवार्षिक योजनेच्या माध्यमातून किमान आरोग्य ,कुटुंब कल्याण आणि महिला व बालविकासासाठी पोषक आहार तसेच महिला शिक्षण , त्याचा कार्यातील सहभागात वाढ आणि महिलांना कल्याणकारी सेवा देण्याचा प्रयत्न केला आहे. म्हीलापासून वेगळा न करता य्र्णारा घटक म्हणजे बालक होय. त्यांची सर्वागीण प्रगती साधणे हेच महिला व बालकल्याण चळवळीचे प्रमुख उधिष्ट आहे.

“I am going to be the first of a new genius. I am not born to trend in the beaten track – the peculiar bent of my nature pushes me on.” Mary Wollstonecraft in letter to Everina: 1774. This brief note discusses that Mary Wollstonecraft was born into the Age of Enlightenment, but was also considered a first generation romantic writer. The paper will focus on Mary Wollstonecraft's Thoughts of the Education of Daughters. It will lay emphasis on how can be seen as a first feminist work of the writer. The ideas set forth in this book are eminently commendable and remarkable only because it was unusual in the eighteenth century for women, especially the young and unmarried, to have any ideas to which to give expression. It is an attempt to illustrate the negative effects of the system of instruction available to young girls in the eighteenth century. In Thoughts, Wollstonecraft offered neither a direct attack on nor a complete revision of women's education— she did not even challenge woman's 'place' in society. In fact, she encouraged women to become better mothers and wives. Stretching the theories, perspectives, and composition of courtesy manuals of her day, Wollstonecraft's pattern of argument remained “faithful to old principles” while extending those principles to women as well as improving on the roles women were expected to fulfill. Through casuistic stretching, Wollstonecraft reasoned from the familiar to the new, challenged through association and extension, and secured a position of credibility in an age when credibility for women was scare

Brands play an increasingly important role in marketing as much as they represent one of the major assets firms hold. Furthermore, online media branding is growing at a very fast pace and is increasingly adopted not only by pure players companies but also by traditional firms. Researches on online branding of shopping products seem incomplete and there is still a lack of investigations. The present paper is an attempt to explore whether employing online media for branding leads to a significant increase in purchasing probability for shopping products associated with online media. For this purpose a survey was conducted among the selected three shopping product companies in the districts of Bangalore, Mysore, and Mangalore of Karnataka State of India with the help of a structured questionnaire and interview. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. The 300 respondents were considered for collecting the data. Statistical and mathematical tools like percentages, cross tabulation table, t–test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The study revealed that the online branding had a significant effects on consumer based overall brand equity in shopping products.

Great sages come and go but their message lives on forever. One such Indian stalwart is none other than Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He is beyond comparison and fondly referred to as the Father of the Nation for his belief in achieving India's freedom through non-violent movement. Gandhi was a real visionary as he visualized the current environmental problems a century back itself. Among the many accolades that Gandhi has of being a lawyer, a revolutionary political leader and great thinker, saintly figure, humanist and pacifist, he was an environmentalist to the core too. Gandhi gave solutions to root out the problems and did not search for solutions to control it. His fervent appeal to his fellow countrymen was to imbibe plain living with simple consumption pattern. He realized the importance of living as a part of the total ecosystem around us.

Originated with the noblest motives, the institution of devadasi had gradually degenerated into something, highly objectionable. The kings, nobles, land lords and the zamindars patronized the devadais for the cause of temple services. In due course, these patrons lost their influence and power in Tamil Nadu politics. Hence the devadsais were left in wilderness. Because of the inadequacy of the emoluments, the devadasis started practising prostitution. It constituted a significant source of income to the families of their origin. Priests, brokers and other groups had vested interest in the continuation of the system. The orthodox Hindus paid much interest in the survival of the system for their selfish motives. The government tried to put some restrictions by enforcing the new laws in the end of the Nineteenth Century. In this endeavour, the press in Madras Presidency generated awareness among the public about the evils of the immoral traffic and survival of the devadasi system.

The present study was taken up to study the profile characteristics of Cotton farmers in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. The data was collected from a sample of 120 Cotton farmers by following ex-post-facto research design. The study revealed that majority of the farmers belonged to the age group of 36-55 years, had high school education, had small land holding, had medium farming experience, extension contact, social participation. Majority of the respondents had medium levels of economic motivation, innovativeness, mass media exposure, risk orientation and scientific orientation.

The study aimed at to find out the influence of some socio-demographic variables like gender, locale, type of schools, age and experience on spiritual intelligence of secondary school teachers. For the purpose of investigation, descriptive survey method was employed. A sample of 100 male and female secondary school teachers working in Rohtak district of Haryana state was selected by random sampling technique. spiritual Intelligence scale developed by King (2008) was used for the collection of data for the present study. It was revealed from the analysis and interpretation of the present study that spiritual intelligence was not found to be influenced by any of the socio-demographic variables like gender, locale, type of schools, age and experience.

The study aimed at to find out the influence of some socio-demographic variables like gender, locale, type of schools, age and experience on spiritual intelligence of secondary school teachers. For the purpose of investigation, descriptive survey method was employed. A sample of 100 male and female secondary school teachers working in Rohtak district of Haryana state was selected by random sampling technique. spiritual Intelligence scale developed by King (2008) was used for the collection of data for the present study. It was revealed from the analysis and interpretation of the present study that spiritual intelligence was not found to be influenced by any of the socio-demographic variables like gender, locale, type of schools, age and experience.

According to A.R. Desai , the Press in India was an effective weapon in the hands of social reform groups to expose social evils. The Press in the Colonial Tamil Nadu richly contributed to the growth of the social reforms movement also, which, to a large extent, was part of the national movement. Sita Ram Singh observed, that nationalism and social reform 'went hand in glove' during the national movement in India. What he said about the close alliance between nationalism and social reform in India was true of the Colonial Tamil Nadu also. Majority of the nationalist press in the Colonial Tamil Nadu, supported the various issues connected with social reform. However, a few papers, like the The Hindu, Swadesamitan , New India, Indian Patriot, Tamil Nadu, Swarjya highlighted nationalist ideas and expressed very conservative opinions on aspects connected with the social reform. The Hindu, under G.Subramania Iyer gave equal importance to the political and social issues while The Hindu, under Kasturi Renga Iyengar, concentrated only on national movement and freedom struggle. These newspapers created political awareness among the people in Colonial Tamil Nadu. Another noteworthy feature was that pro- British papers like the Madras Mail , Andhra Prakasika, Justice, Non-Brahman, Dravidian, Kudi Arasu, Puratchi, Revolt, also supported various social reforms like abolition of child marriages, uplift of women and the improvement of the condition of women .

Despite its pejorative overtones as communal counterpoise, communal appeasement, minorityism, and so on, communal representation in India is often identified with the Non- Brahmin Movement. In fact, communal representation and reservations were integral even to the Pre- British Indian Society in the sense of the numerous social closures operated by the caste system. These indigenous incarnations continued and some categories were introduced by the British. This was only in keeping with the British endeavour to create an overarching administrative machinery, reflecting the established structure of the country and its related concern for incorporating into its colonial framework the well entrenched and the strategically placed, traditional social groups, as its compradors. The origin of the term “Backward Classes” may be traced to the later part of the Nineteenth Century. During the British period in Tamil Nadu, different kinds of terms were adopted to denote the socially, educationally and economically weaker groups, because the identification of the term 'backward classes' vary from time to time, period to period, state to state, district to district, region to region and rural to urban areas.

The Prohibition Movement gained its support from the leaders and the volunteers during the Civil Disobedience movement in Tamil Nadu from 1930 onwards. With the signing of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact" in 1931, a vigorous and more organised campaign of picketing at toddy shops was started which continued throughout in the important the pres1dsncy. There was a decrease in the consumption of country spirits, imported spirits and wines, and locally-made foreign liquor and beer, opium and hemp drugs. The number of trees marked for the toddy lease too decreased during the year 1930-1931. The main reason for the decrease was the Civil Disobedience Movement which played a contributory cause which gave rise to considerable difficulty in certain parts for carrying out the excise administration. Picketing of shops was one of the common methods resorted to by the adherents of this movement

Equality of opportunity has become the dominate factor in education debate and policy. The religion and caste factor are playing an Important role in Socio-Economic political, religious and educational aspects in India. The Indian Government too has denied the claims of equivalence between caste and racial discrimination, pointing out that the issues of social states is essentially intra racial and intra-cultural. The view of the caste system as “Static and unchanging” has also been disputed the history of categorizing some castes as scheduled castes commenced with the Government of India Act, 1935. Most of these castes were known as untouchable in the context of the Hindu Social structure thus, the scheduled caste category initially comprised castes that were isolated and dissolvent get by their untouchability there low status in the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. Which exposed them to problems of life characterized by a blatant deprivation of opportunities.

प्राचीन काळापासून भारतीय लोकदैवतांच्या व त्याच्या कृपा आशीर्वादाने जीवन जगत आहे . कोणत्याही घटनेसाठी आपण निमित्तमात्र असतो,करता करविता देव असतो, अशी लोकमानसांची श्रध्दा आहे. भगवान शिशंकर, श्रीक्रुष्ण,खंडोबा, बिरोबा, विठ्ठल, सिद्धीनाथ, जोतीबा या पुरुष लोकदैवतासह अनेक मातुदैवतानीच महाराष्ट्रातील लोकमानसांचे लोकजीवन प्रेरित व नियंत्रित केले आहे. या लोकदैवतांकडे लोकमानस केवळ भक्तीभाव म्हणून पाहत नाही. हि लोकदैवते त्याच्याजीवनाचा अविभाज्य घटक बनून राहिली आहेत. या लोकदैवतानीच लोकमानसांचे मन नीतिमान, भक्तिमान व शक्तीमान बनविले आहे. पंढरिचा विठ्ठल हा महाराष्ट्रातील लोकमानसाचा मनावर व जीवनावर अधिराज्य ग्ज्विणारा लोकदेव आहे.

Objective: This study is helpful for marketing strategy of onion and solves the problems of onion producer in India. Currently tremendous changes in onion price in Indian market. Farmers face the problem of regularly ups & downs in the prices as well as middle man getting more benefit of this ups & downs this paper definitely solve the problems of onion producer. Design/Methodology/Approach- The researcher utilized a semi-structured interview technique to collect data & analysis the views of 40 farmer and 16 Intermediaries for effective implementation of onion marketing model. Findings: The paper finds that onion marketing develop the new market module for farmer and customer .also provide the different channels for sale of onion, Implementation of onion marketing strategy by government also for proper utilization of onion production. For the implementation of the module required the basic facility from Govt. In Indian onion market tremendous ups and downs in prices, majorly intermediaries more interference in that as well as agricultural produce marketing committee required properly working. Require the open market for onion & private players doing important role in that. Conclusion: According to these results it may be concluded that onion marketing traditional method impact on onion producers require the new strategy for onion marketing in Indian market to solve the problem of onion producer also increase the relation between producer and private player in the market.

Institutional and technological changes, mainly the HYV technology introduced in the 1960s, turned India into a progressive food grain producing country. Since the early-1990s, Indian agriculture has also faced competition from the global economy in the wake of globalisation. This has led to the emergence of a decelerating tendency in Indian agriculture especially in terms of growth of production of major crops and total agricultural production. In view of the above, diversification of agricultural activities is considered important for enhancing agricultural production and productivity in India.

The purpose of this study is to provide better understanding of what is the meaning being comprehensive capacity building in affording change and bring innovation for ICT implementation. Although this is just a concept paper, however, this entails a little different nuance that need to be considered in restructuring and re-culturing the capacity of individual, organization and society. Therefore, some aspects of capacity building, innovation, restructure and re-culture teacher role as leader and its power of leadership will be described

Yajña as a concept was developed by the ancient Vedic Risis with a view to achieving the best and highest in all types of human endeavors. Every activity, thinking, studying, speaking, serving, meditating, performing, etc. was conceived as a Yajña. What is striking in this concept is that, in their wisdom, the Risis (seers) also designed, defined and described different stages, procedures and processes of each Yajña along with the respective mantras to be chanted in its performance. The prime goal of all Yajñas, at both the micro- and macro-levels, is to establish lasting peace, progress and prosperity, during one's existence in this world, and attain the highest status in the higher worlds

The present study was conducted to study the value preferences among secondary school teachers with respect to demographic variables. Teacher value inventory by Dr. Harbhajan L. Singh and Dr. S.P Ahluwalia was used for value preferences among secondary school teachers. The present study was conducted on 160 secondary school teachers of Ludhiana district. The t-test was employed to find out the significance of difference between the means. The study revealed a significant difference between theoretical, economical, aesthetic, political and religious value preferences of male and female secondary school teachers while no significant difference between their social value preferences. A significant difference was found between economical, social and political value preferences of government and private secondary school teachers while no significant difference was found between their theoretical, aesthetic and religious value preferences. A significant difference was found between theoretical and religious value preferences of government and private male secondary school teachers while no significant difference was found between their economic, aesthetic, social and political value preferences. There was a significant difference found between theoretical, aesthetic, social and political value preferences of government and private female secondary school teachers while no significant difference was found between their economic, and religious value preferences.

Employment is part and parcel of our life. Government has launched a lot of schemes for the employment generation and rural poverty eradication in India. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is also such a historic unique legislation reiterating government commitment towards livelihood security of the people in ruralareas. Recently it is a largest scheme of the world to provide social protection to rural masses. This scheme is an attempt to eradicate rural poverty and fight against unemployment. It is a largest programme of government of India which is helpful in the financial inclusion of the people. MGNREGA, however in a short period has extended in whole country and doing a lot for the rural development. Still it is facing a number of challenges such as low awareness among beneficiaries, low wages, corruption and inconsistency in maintenance of muster

-Smoothing filters have wide area of applications such as image and video analysis, which extends to Edge detection, motion analysis, line parameter estimation, and texture analysis. This can be achieved using directional smoothers. Directional smoothing filters which can achieve orientation in any arbitrary direction are essential. It is essential to have computing resources. Hardware devices having capability of parallel processing can be used to obtain real time performance. This is the property of steerability, in which several filtering operations outputs are linearly combined to achieve output of a directional filter which is arbitrarily oriented. Though the literature describes the several efficient FPGA implementations of the convolution operation for non-separable and separable, limited work is available related to steerable filter implementations. In this system, steerable Gaussian smoothing filters are implemented on an FPGA platform using Virtex-V evaluation board. The key advantages of FPGAs over DSP implementations include integration, performance and customization using design techniques of parallel and pipeline operations. A pipelined approach of convolution gives the less number of resources.

राज्यशात्र विभागप्रमुख,मुगुटराव साहेबराव काकडे महाविधालय, सोमेश्वरनगर, ता. बारामती जि. पुणे डाँ. बाबासाहेब आंबेडकरांच्या विचारामुळे Inclusive Growth ही शक्यआहे. त्यांनी संपूर्ण भारतीय समाजाचा सखोल विचार तात्विक पद्धतीने अभ्यास केलेला होता. भारतीय समाजाच्या आतापर्यतच्या समस्याची करणे व त्यातीले उपायंचे चितन त्यांनी आयुष्यभर केलेले होते. त्याच्या सखोल विचार समजणे आवश्यक आहे. ते मोठे अवघड आहे. त्याचा विपर्यास होता कामा नये तो विचार काही इतर विचाराच्यातअडकता कामा नये तरच खर्याअर्थाने Inclusive Growth होऊ शकते. अन्यथा नाही.

The Problem.In today's world what majority of people look for is meaningful work at their work places. Not only this,the workforce of today has also looked for the integration of work with their social life in general. Now the question iswhether there is any relation between HRD and the social lives of human resource. Whether the current concept of HRD is enough and the way we want to shape its future is actually going to hold. The Solution.According to A. Maslow besides basic needs of an individual which are fulfilled by his job, humans also have a tendency to get themselves attached with others which Maslow termed as social needs. We need to formulate policies and strategies in a way that promote social cohesion rather than strengthening the concept of developing individual in isolation. The Stakeholders The intended audience for this article includes HRD scholars, scholar-practitioners, consultants, and students interested in the construct of meaningful work, and the implications of reframing HRD around meaning and purpose

The Sharanas including Basaveshwara in 12 century launched revolution to lay the foundation of a society based on the principal of social equality establishing social equality is in face is of the major dimensions of humanism in Basaveshwara. Basaveshwara occupies a unique place in spiritual th and social spheres. During the 12 century Basaveshwara led a religious revolution in order to kill the demon of caste and creed which threatened to rule the destiny of man born in a Brahmin family. Basaveshwara set his own example by rejecting the ritual ridden Vedic religion in favor of Veerashivism, on emerging vibrant religion having a great concern for the mankind as a whole including the ill-treated, exploited and down trodden class of untouchables refusing to undergo the thread ceremony,

संस्कृत साहित्य जगत के महाकाव्य विश्व में अपनी श्रेष्ठता के लिए विख्यात है| आधुनिक महाकाव्यकरोंकी यह स्वाभाविक प्रवृत्ति रही है कि समाज में फैली को समाप्त करने के लिए काव्यों की संरचना की है | महाकाव्य सर्वत्र जेसी विधा में समग्र जीवन ,समाज और लोक स्वभाव का व्यपक अभिव्यंजन होता |

महाराष्ट्रातील ठिकठिकाणी झालेल्या उत्खननात खापरे मातीची भांडी व धतुची शिल्प, खेळणी इ. सापडली आहेत. ताम्र.पाषाणयुगात महाराष्ट्रीयन माणसाने प्रगत धातु अवगत केले होते असे उत्खननात सापडलेल्या पुरातव्यावरून समजते.

दुसरया देशाचा चलनात आपल्या देशाच्या चलनाचे मूल्य कमी करणे म्हणजे अवमूल्यन होय. डॉलरपुढे आपल्या रुपयाचे अवमूल्यनहोण्याची अनेक करणे म्हणजे डॉलरला असलेली मागणी व डॉलरचा पुरवठा अर्थशास्त्राचाहा मुलभूत नियम आहे.

नरेश मेहता हिन्दी के प्रसिद्ध रचनाकार रहे है| वे सन 1942के छोडो आदोंलन में सक्रीय थे | मेहता जि गाधी जी के संपर्क में आने में उनकी विचारधारा से प्रभावित हुएथे | उनके द्वारा साहित्य में गांधी जी के विचार कही उपस्थित है|

भारतात अगदी प्राचीन काळापासून स्वयंसेवी कार्य चालत आलेले आहे. प्राचीन काळात कार्य हे जसे दुष्काळ , पूर, भूकंपं,नैसर्गिक आपत्ती ग्रस्त लोकांना मदत केली जात असे पंरतु ब्रिटिशांच्या काळात ‘सोसायटी करण्यात आले आहे. त्यानुसार भारत सरकारने हे नियम पुढे चालूच ठेवले आहे

प्राचीन काल से ही भारतीय में कृषि उपजों का महत्वपूर्ण स्थान रहा है, स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति के 65 वर्षके बाद भी अर्थव्यवस्था कृषि पर निर्भर है,कृषि पर निर्भर है,कृषि उपजों में कपास की एक मुख्य नगद फसल है जिसकी खेती लगभग 12.2 करोड़ हैकटेयर भूमि में हो और प्रत्यक्ष अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से 5.5 करोड़ से आधिक व्यक्ति इस कार्य में लगे.

जगातील प्रत्येक देशात लोकसंख्या विषयक अभ्यासाला अनन्यसाधारण असे महत्व आहे मग तो देश विकसीत असो अथवा अविकसीत असो.बहुतांशी सर्वच देशात विशेषकरून विकसनशील देशांमध्ये लोकसंख्येकडे एक समस्या म्हणून पहिले जाते.

साठोत्तरी हिन्दी साहित्यकरों में सुरेंद्र वर्मा का नाट्य - चिंतन अत्यन्त गहन अथवा ताक्रिक है । किसी भी विषय का चिंतन अत्यन्त सम्वेदनशीलन एवं सुक्ष्म मानसिक प्रकिया है| जीससे एक चितक को सदैव होकार गुजरना पड़ता है| वर्मा जी समयानुसार बदलती विचारधारा के साथ अ पने तार - तन्य को जोडने कोई परहेज नहीं करते बल्कि समय मॉग के अनुसार विषय को जान - समझकर तर्कानुसार अपने विचार प्रस्तुत करते हैं । वर्मा जी के पर पाश्चात्य साहित्य का अधिक प्रभाव दिखता है ।

प्रसाद के नाटकों में कला और विचारों का सूक्ष्म विकास होता गया और उसकी रेखाऍ स्पष्ट दीख पडती है , लेकिन उनका नाटक - साहित्य जिन सामान्य मूल तत्वों और भाव - सामग्रियों को आधार - शिला बनाकर खड़ा हुआ है,उन्ही तत्वों और भाव सामग्रियों का विश्लेषण करना , इस लेख का उदेश्य है| समस्त नाटकों की भाव - भूमि तथा षृष्टभूमि एक ही है|यघपि उनके प्रत्येक नाटक का उदेश्य एक - दूसरे से प्राय : भिन्न है तथपि उनके सारे नाटकों का सन्देश एक ही होता गया है|

“Health is Wealth” आणि आरोग्य संपादन असे म्हटले जाते. आरोग्य चांगल्या असेल तर माणूस निरोगी असेल आणि आपल्या जीवनात कार्य करून यशस्वी होतो. सुदृढ शरीराच्या माध्यमातून कार्य करण्यास शक्ती प्राप्त होते. आजारी अशक्त असल्यास शारीरिक क्षमता आणि मानसिक क्षमता देखील कमी होतातनेहेमी हातपाय अंग दुखी, पोट दुखी डोके दुखी सर्दी खोकला-ताप येत असेल.

ग्रामीण भागातील नागरिकांना पिण्याचे शुद्ध पाणी पुरवण्यासाठी राज्य व क्रेंद्र शासनाद्वारे विविध योजना राबवल्या जात आहेत.यामध्ये वर्धित वेग कार्यक्रम , राजीव गांधी पेयजल कार्यक्रम , जवाहर योजना स्वजलधारा कार्यक्रम यासारख्या अनेक योजनांचा समावेश होतो.परंतु या योजनांची माहिती केवळ ग्रामपंचायत,शासकीय अधिकारी यांनाच असे . ग्रामीण जनतेला या योजनेत सहभागी करून घेतले जात नसे. सरकारी नळयोजना नादुरुस्ती झाली तर ती शासनाची जबाबदारी आहे.

The Bhakti movement was an event of great social significance in the history of India. It influenced every aspect of social life and brought radicalchanges to the mental outlook of people. It challenged the bondage of the caste system, created conditions in which the Hindus and the Muslims could live together bridges the gulf between the high and the low and preached oneness of God and universal brotherhood . It condemned complex ritualism and false practices and made priesthood open to the non-Brahmins

One of the major factors that determine the ultimate success or failure of a movement is the nature and dynamics of its leadership. The strategic moves made by the leaders decide the direction, scope and nature of the movements. History is testimony to the fact that most of the socio-political movements in India and elsewhere saw a strong leadership at the helps of their affairs. Their leadership provided a vision, direction and mounds operandi to these movements.

The present study is an attempt to develop and standardize a multiple intelligences inventory with an aim to its cultural adaptation. The original inventory, found on line, was in American English language and hence not suitable to apply on Indian Bengalee population. Therefore, the test was culturally adapted with the intention to assess the nature of eight multiple intelligences of school children, particularly adolescents, who study higher secondary level curriculum under West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education. The inventory consists of 80 items in total, divided into eight sub-scales, each containing ten items. After try-out (N=20) and pilot study (N=50), the final study was conducted with a sample of 100 higher secondary level students from exclusively Bengali medium schools. Besides split-half reliability of the test, construct validity and internal consistency of the test items were determined following conventional procedure.

The purpose of the present study is to compare the self-concept and will to win abilities between Management and Physical education students. The total of sixty (N = 60) female subjects participated; Thirty (N = 30) Management students and thirty (N = 30) physical education students from Karnataka State Women's university, Bijapur were randomly selected for the collection of data. The age of the subjects ranged between 21 to 25 years. Self-concept was measured by applying self-concept questionnaire and will to win was measured by applying will to win questionnaire. The “t” test was applied to find out the difference between mean scores of management and physical education students. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed significant difference with regard to variable self-concept between management and physical education students. However, the results with regard to the variable will to win were found statistically significant between management and physical education students. Physical education students have better self-confidence and will to win level as compared to their counterpart management students