भारतीय राग गायन पध्दति में कई राग ऐसे है जो प्राचीन ग्रंथो में वर्णित नहीं है उनमें से एक राग है जो कर्नाटक संगीत में अधिक प्रचलित है और उत्तर भारतीय गायन वादन में आधुनिक युग में प्रचार में आया वह राग हैं हंसध्वनि ।

लोकशाहीत जनता सार्वभौव मानली जाते व त्यामुळे सर्व नागरिकांना मतदानाचा अधिकार मिळाला पाहीजे अशी मागणी केली जाते.जनतेची संमती हा राज्याचा पाया असल्यामुळे प्रत्येक प्रौढ नागरिकाला नैसर्गिक रीत्याच मतदानाचा अधिकार प्राप्त होतो, असे म्हटले जाते. तसेच हा हक्क नागरिकांच्या सर्वांगीण विकासासाठी आवश्यक आहे,असे ही मानले जाते.लोकशाहीमध्ये तर तो राज्य राजकीय हक्क मानला जातो.

संगीत सस्कृंति का विशेष अंग है , जिसमें गायन , वादन एवं नृत्य उसके प्रमुख घटक हैं|जो रचनात्मकता से अभिभूत हो रचनात्मकता का ही प्रचार कर,अपनी सस्कृंति की अस्मिता को और उज्ज्वल बनता है भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत का भी प्रभाव ऐसा ही है| आधुनिक एवं वैज्ञानिक युग में संगीत के माध्यम से विभिन्न देश और उनकी सस्कृंतियाँ भौगोलिक सीमाओं को तोड़कर अपना प्रभाव दिखा रहीं हैं| विशेषत : संगीत कला अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर आधुनिकता का पुट लिये हुए विशेष भूमिका निभाती है |

The present paper seeks to provide a feminist study of Shobha De's Socialite Evenings. She is the most popular Indian Woman writer in English. This novel makes comprehensive critical comments with an emphasis on the image of woman portrayed. Most of her books are the best sellers as she realistically projects the image of the upper-class woman in contemporary India. She has an extraordinary ability to discuss the very sensitive aspects of human relationship in general and manwoman relationship in particular.. Shobha De believes in a very frank narration of incidents and openheartedness. The wave of so- called feminism has moved the recent trend of Indian writing in English and it has ushered new mode of expression in Indian writing in English. The depiction of hapless condition of women, including their marital conflict and status has been a very trendy phenomenon now. Women's life, attitude and status are now rapidly changing with the passage of time. These changing perspectives of woman as individual have been vividly focused in De's novels. Like other women novelists-- Shashi Deshpande, Manju Kapoor, Anita Desai, Shobha De brings out the changing image of traditionally confined women, especially married women. But she treats the theme differently. She feels that a true change should emerge from the psyche of women. She holds cudgel against the age old patriarchal culture. Her novels are preoccupied with the feminine issues of marriage, frustration and divorce modern women face. In her novels she points out how married woman becomes victim to male egoism and how she sacrifices herself for family where from she gets nothing but pain and despair. She works not for herself but to satisfy others physically as well as mentally. In depiction of this complex marital relationship, De describes man as one 'dominating weaker sex on every aspect including sex'. She is looked as sexual “commodity”, and she has to satisfy the sexual demand of male partner.

Energy plays a vital role in economic development. Economic growth and demand for energy is positively correlated. The demand for energy increases with the increase in the standard of living and economic growth. It is vital input for industry, agriculture and service sectors as electricity is needed for their common needs of water supply, transport, communication and domestic lighting. India at present is predominantly dependent on fossil fuel based energy namely thermal, oil, natural gas followed by hydro, nuclear, and other renewable source for its energy like wind, solar etc. The government of India since independence did realize the role of energy in empowering its masses and economic development, but unfortunately it did not do much to generate the power at the rate it was supposed to do. Hence the ambitious 'power to all' deadlines put for themselves, kept on repeating since the last decade of 20th century, the latest of them being in 2012. India should increase its installed capacity to at least three times of the present at the earliest. At the same time India should also be sensitive to the issues of climate change and sustainable development. The power generation in India should not only aim at sufficient power generation, but also towards the clean source of power generation. There should be a proper energy mix of conventional and renewable energy sources to produce electricity in India. If a proper plan is done and implemented for green power generation, it will lead us to meaningful sustainable inclusive economic development in India.

The present study aims to assess the mental health and maltreatment among orphan and non-orphan schooling adolescents residing in Jammu city. A purposive sample of 200 school going adolescents (100 from orphan schools and 100 from non-orphan schools) from Jammu,with an age range of 13-16 years was collected.Consent from guardians and assent from adolescents were taken. In conclusion, study demonstrated that the mental health of orphan and non – orphan adolescents fall in the poor spectrum as observed from the manual comparatively . The mean value of mental health of non orphan adolescent boys & girls is slightly better than mental health of orphan boys and girls. Maltreatment of orphan adolescents and non- orphan adolescents differ significantly from each other . Orphan boys are more maltreated than non- orphan boys and maltreatment of non- orphan girls is more maltreated than orphan girls . Orphan boys are more maltreated than orphan girls but the non orphan girls are more maltreated than non- orphan boys.

In this paper we present new methods for object tracking initialization using automated moving object detection based on background subtraction. The new methods artime object tracking system we previously proposed. Our proposed new background model updating method and adaptive thresholding are used to produce a foreground object mask for object tracking initialization. Traditional background subtraction method detects moving objects by subtracting the background model from the current image. Compare to other common moving object detection algorithms, background subtraction segments foreground objects more accurately and detects foreground objects even if they are motionless. How-ever, one drawback of traditional background subtraction is that it is susceptible to environmental changes, for example, gradual or sudden illumination changes. The reason of this drawback is that it assumes a static back-ground, and hence a background model update is required for dynamic backgrounds. The major challenges then are how to update the background model, and how to determine the threshold for classification of foreground and background pixels. We proposed a method to determine the threshold automatically and dynamically depending on the intensities of the pixels in the current frame and a method to update the background model with learning rate depending on the differences of the pixels in the background model and the previous frame. integrated into the rea

Health is one of the important indicators reflecting the Quality of human life. It is a basic need along with food, shelter, clothing and also education. There is always a positive correlation between the health status of the people and economic development of the country. It is also one of the key variables that determine growth with human face. This paper focuses on to analyze the fund allocation and utilization under NRHM in India, and study the components wise fund allocation and utilization under NRHM in India. The study found that After the implementation of NRHM programme health care status are very impressive stages. Health care indicator IMR declined from 62 to 42 and MMR declined 301 to 178 in 2011. Fund allocation under NRHM GoI gives very impressive amount in 2005-06. Rs 4433.99 crore allocated has increased to 17030.68 crore in 2012-13, and released fund also increased from 4433.75 cores to 14935.21 crore in the same period. But expenditure is very satisfied with increase to Rs 3204.17 crore to 16944.26 crore in the same period. One more important point was to find out components wise expenditure. GoI spent more than 88 per cent on RCH flexipool, NRHM flexipool and Infrastructure maintenances and very less amount spent on IPPI and NDCP. The present study need for some suggestions government must increase to fund for allocation and release fund for NRHM because expenditure is more than allocation and released fund. IPPI components expenditure are very low its only 3 percent on total NRHM expenditure and NDCP components expenditure also very less amount that's way GoI must increase both components expenditure. The share of amount released to the allocation needs to be enhanced. There should be prioritization across components under NRHM and amount should be allocated accordingly. Total health expenditure also increase to up to 6% of GDP in every year

Intend of this study to analysis the effect of fundamental & functional these two different training on skill performance of volleyball plsyers. Selected 20 volleyball players of the college level, divided in to two groups of 10 each] their average age was 19-25. One group was participating in fundamental exercises training and another was participating in the functional training for one month. For testing the effect of both training the volleyball skill tests were selected and applied before & after the training and data was collected. To accomplish the purpose of this study obtained data was treated by statistical formulas' ad mean, SD & t test. And conclusion made that the group who was participating in fundamental exercises they merely increased their skills according to comparison of pre & post test obtained values are greater than tabulated value. Functional training is further valuable than fundamental training for improving skills performance of volleyball players.

It is important to study the socio-economic background of the HIV/AIDS patients to understand and analyze how and why the virus/disease is spreading rapidly in Nagaland, as Nagaland is the 6th highest prevalent state in India, in terms of HIV/AIDs patients, though in recent years the numbers of newly affected HIV victims has fallen. It is essential to know what type/section of the society is mostly affected and also to know and understand the social environment they live in, their family background, educational status, economic lifestyle, indulgence of alcohol, involvement in the society activities, especially the church, which plays an important role among the Naga society. With the help of studies like this the government and other organizations can pay more attentions and focus on that particular section of the society for more effective results in the prevention and ending of the disease as a whole. This paper is based on primary data and survey conducted in the Kohima district of Nagaland on the HIV/ AIDS patients.

A man believes that the ultimate goal of life is to amass material wealth, luxuries of life and live gloriously like a king. Even a slave dreams of becoming a prince. Our teachers and elders have always given a clarion call to strive to reach the summit of our domain. In fact the human nature is such that it is not satisfied with what it gets, but it always aspires to acquire more and more of it, irrespective of the cost in sufferings.

-Amritsar politics is revolved around the three major political parties: Congress, Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) and Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD). The former two parties are national parties whereas the latter is a regional party. The Congress and BJP are the major competitors in Amritsar parliamentary constituency in which the Congress party has been dominant force. On the other side, in the Amritsar assembly elections, the competition could be seen between Congress and SAD (later SAD-BJP led coalition) in which both parties won equal number of elections.

Real estate is a property and pride for many in India. Acquiring land and having a house is a dream or basic requirement for each and every people. The need for housing is higher in India compared to that of many developing countries. A study on real estate and its financial and marketing aspects in relation to buyers and sellers acquires higher significance at present.

The study attempts to analyze Emotional Intelligence as a correlates of General Intelligence and style of learning and thinking of B.Ed students of Dhanbad District in Jharkhand . It covered 400 students of which 200 were boys and 200 girls from 04 different B.Ed. colleges. The study revealed that the boys and girls, graduates and Post graduates student did not differed in Emotional Intelligence while Science and humanities showed differences in Emotional Intelligence, style of Learning and Thinking were not baised but when general Intelligence were considered Science and humanities group student graduate and Post graduates student showed no significant difference but difference were found in the case of boys and girls and was concluded that boys were more intelligent then girls when style of Learning and Thinking were considered no differences were found in their emotional Intelligence. Emotional Intelligence of students with different level of General Intelligence differed. The Emotional Intelligence of students with average general Intelligence was more when compared to the students with high and low general Intelligence further no difference occurred in case of high and low general Intelligence

Diabetes mellitus is most common health problem among elderly in developing countries. It may be associated with increased risk of malnutrition, cognitive impairment as well as may result in deterioration in quality of life. This study attempted to assess the nutritional vulnerability, cognitive impairment and quality of life in elderly people with and without diabetes mellitus. Diabetes self management assessment was taken up with diabetic elderly. The sample comprised of 30 elderly each in diabetic and normal group (≥ 65 years; n=60). Twenty four hour dietary recall method was used for dietary assessment. Mini nutritional assessment (MNA), Short portable mental status questionnaire (SPMSQ), Diabetes self management questionnaire (DSMQ) and Quality of life questionnaire were used to collect information pertaining to nutritional status, cognitive impairment, diabetes self management related activities and overall quality of life respectively. More diabetic subjects were obese than the normal subjects as per BMI. Significant difference (p< 0.05) existed between energy and fat intake of diabetic and non- diabetic subjects. Half of the diabetic subjects were at risk of malnutrition. Diabetic subjects did more intellectual errors on SPMSQ. More than 50% diabetic subjects reported diabetes self care activities as poor. None of the subjects in both categories considered their overall quality of life to be very good. Elderly are nutritionally vulnerable and malnutrition is more rampant in elderly with diabetes and display significant excess of cognitive dysfunction associated with poorer ability in diabetes self care and have degraded quality of life.

Every year, for the last decade or so, around this time, noises are made on the issue of women's representation in Parliament. Some shout, some request, some reason, some argue, all hope that somehow this year the vexed issue of whether there should be reservation of seats for women in Parliament is finally resolved. Predictably, the day, the month, the year passes, Parliament convenes and reconvenes, and nothing much happens. The debate continues, inconclusive for all time it would seem.

Cement is an essential component of infrastructure development and most important input of construction industry, particularly in the government's infrastructure and housing programs, which are necessary for the country's socioeconomic growth and development. It is also the second most consumed material on the planet. The Indian cement industry is the second largest producer of cement in the world just behind China, but ahead of the United States and Japan. It is consented to be a core sector accounting for approximately 1.3% of GDP and employing over 0.14 million people. Also the industry is a significant contributor to the revenue collected by both the central and state governments through excise and sales taxes.

Poetry, the earliest form of literature, is the most elevated and sublime art. Different persons have defined poetry in different ways. But the crux of all these definitions is that poetry gives person a voice to express a variety of things. Beyond the problems of food, disease etc. mankind is dependent on the quality of the mental life. It is the language in which man explores his own amazement. It is the necessary ingredient for the survival of mind, as breath is for body. Poetry is the invisible compass of mankind. An age is known for the quality of poetry it has created. Ours is a world of modern scientific technologies which has made us like a machine. There is less time and space for poetry. Ancient rich cultures are losing their ground. At this stage of decadence, the propagation of the ancient branch of literature is a great necessity. As such, to cultivate a taste for poetry and save mankind, all kinds of attempts should be made to uphold poetry by popularizing, encouraging and giving it a chance.

The present article deals with the diversity of aquatic plants in Lakkavalli tank of Chikmagalore district, Karnataka during the period April 2013 to March 2014. A total of 17 species of aquatic macrophytes belonging to 04 free floating, 08 emergent, 03 marshy amphibious and 01 each in respect of rooted floating and submerged categories were recorded. Among these species, eight macrophytes were found to occur in all the three sampling sites and throughout the months of the year. It is concluded that the tank is included under eutrophic category.

The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of circuit training on selected physical and physiological variables among handball players. To achieve the purpose of the study thirty school students in an age group of 14 to 16 were selected as subjects. All the students were in the residential school staying in the hostel. The selected subjects were divided in to two equal groups of fifteen subjects each as experimental group and control group. Both the group underwent their routine fitness program. In addition of the above training the experimental group underwent specified circuit training morning one hour before starting the their own routine physical education activities in a schedule of weekly three days in alternative days for all the eight weeks. The collected data's were statistically analyzed by using ANCOVA to find out the significant difference between the groups if any. It was concluded from the result of the study that the experimental group significantly improved in the selected physical fitness variables of speed, agility and explosive power and physiological variables of resting heart rate and breath holding time.

The Manmohan Singh Doctrine is a manifestation of India's economic resurgence in an era of greater economic openness. The success of India's external liberalization and the reintegration of the Indian economy into the growth processes of East and Southeast Asian economies have played a vital role in the popular acceptance of the validity of the many postulates of this doctrine. For this reason, the continued relevance of the doctrine will be contingent upon India's continued pursuit of high economic growth within the framework of an open and increasingly globalize economy

The purpose of the present study was to find out the sports competition anxiety, selfconfidence and sports achievement motivation among inter district, inter collegiate and inter university Hockey players. For achieving the purpose of the study total of 90 subjects were selected as samples consisted 30 each inter district, inter collegiate, and inter university men players. Their age groups of the subjects were between 19 to 28 years.The psychological tools used in this study were standardized. The Sports competitive anxiety was measured through standardized questionnaire, developed by Rainer Martens, Sports achievement motivation was measured through questionnaire developed by M.L. Kamlesh and Self-confidence was measured through standardized questionnaire developed by Robin's Vealey. The statistical procedure was employed to find out the analysis of selected psychological qualities of different level of play among inter district, inter collegiate and inter university players on selected psychological variables namely sports competitive anxiety, self-confidence and Sports achievement motivation were subjected to statistical analyses by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The Scheffe's Post hoc test was used the find out the paired means of significance difference. The significant level was fixed at 0.05. All the analyses having significant differences and further it proved that the interuniversity Hockey players was more self-confidence and higher sports achievement motivation and sports competition anxiety then inter collegiate and inter district Hockey players.

The UN after its establishment carved out various effective instruments for the promotion and protection of human rights around the world. The CEDAW convention is one among them. The CEDAW Convention paved the way for creation of CEDAW committee. The CEDAW convention was created for the protection of women rights. The present paper seeks to examine the role of CEDAW committee in the protection of women rights. The paper will also look at the role of NGO in relation to work of the CEDAW committee.

Sakti cult was most dominant and popular among the people of ancient Assam. It plays an important role from that time till today. It plays an important place in the literatures also. There are various forms of the cult worshipped by the people in the ancient period is evidenced by the inscriptions also.

Novice or beginner sees the content of science as isolated pieces of information handed down by authority and disconnected from the world around them. Every learner do carry beliefs about learning a given technical subject and Novice like beliefs affect their learning. It is expected that after going through training under a given course their beliefs should turn in to Expert like beliefs. This survey intended to find the change in the Cognitive beliefs amongst engineering students if at all, by well known Maryland Physics Expectancy test (MPEX test). Also their brain Hemisphericity dominance was observed at entry and exit level with the help of Hemisphericity Dominance Test (HDT).

The present article defines the psychological construct of Achievement motivation and its influence on Sportsman to achieve their goals and to improve their performance level. Achievement Motivation is a mindset that leads people to set for themselves realistic but challenging goals. In Achievement Motivation can calculate mathematically by taking a person's desire to succeed and subtracting their fear of failure. When a student is motivated, he is inspired to pursue greater academic goals. Underlying motivations can include grades, social acceptance or parental approval. According to the research presented in the article, the achievement motivation can be treated as an important psychological predictor of sports person's future success or failure. The study was carried out 120 P.G. Students of Karnataka State Women's University, Bijapur, 60 Sports Women's and 60 non Sports Women's ( 20 to 25 years) were selected by purposive sampling method. By using Achievement Motivation Scale, t-test was used for deriving the result. Significant difference was found between Achievement Motivation of Sports Women's and Non Sports women's. This may be fact that sports woman's are having better achievement motivation.

The ICDS is India's response to the challenge of meeting the holistic need of the child. The ICDS is one of the world's largest and most unique outreach programme for early childhood care and development. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, was launched in 1975 in 33 Projects in the Community Development Blocks and 4891 Anganwadi Centres on a pilot basis keeping in view the need go holistically address health, nutrition and education needs of children. The ICDS scheme is implemented through a platform of Anganwadi Centre, at village or habitation level. Government of India has cumulatively approved 14 lakhs Anganwadi Centres including 20,000 Anganwadis on Demand. Each Anganwadi Centre is managed by one Anganwadi Worker and one Helper, who are the grass roots functionaries to implement the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme. Each Mini Anganwadi Centre has one Anganwadi Worker only. These workers and helpers are envisaged as honorary workers from the local community who come forward to render their services, on part – time basis on an average 4 – 5 hours a day in the area of child care and development. Training to Anganwadi Workers is imparted through the Anganwadi Worker's Training Centres run either by the State Governments or NGOs identified by the States. Government of India and State Governments has taken number of steps to improve the condition of Anganwadi Workers and Helpers.

साहित्य को मानवीय स्वभाव एवं क्रिया कलाप का विश्लेष्ण एक तरह से उसका मनोवैज्ञानिक अनुसन्धान ही कहा जाए तो इसमे कीई त्योत्की न होगी| दुसरे शब्दों में कह सकते है कि साहित्य भी मानवीय विचरो एवं क्रियाकलापों का मनोवैज्ञानिक अन्वेषण ही है |

The Gupta period is credited as the classic golden age of temple and sculpture art in India. Madhya Pradesh represents a great sanctuary of temples and sculptures of Gupta period. In this period, buildings with durable materials such as dressed stone and brick started. Therefore the period is remarkable for the beginning of temple architecture in India. The tranquility and simplicity of Gupta sculpture made it celebrated and the zenith of evolution was marked by this style of sculpture. These sculptures represented the tainted sensualism of Kushan period and emblematical abstractions thereafter. Fundamental characteristic of Gupta period sculptures lies in its complete Indian style totally committed to the talent and creativity that existed during the time of Gupta dynasty. The Gandhara and Mathura styles represent some sort of foreign influences, however this influence was vanished from the Gupta art of sculpture. Thus with the onset of the Gupta period, India stepped into the classical architectural and sculptural forms branded by restraint combined with a high aesthetic sense and discipline. The technique of art reached to perfection, denotative forms came into being and standards of beauty advanced with fidelity. The pattern of experimentation was castoff resulting into the creation of remarkable images with a magnificent and in-depth comprehension of the artistic standards. Concurrently, boosted sense of aestheticism and excellent finishing resulted in the devising of images, which established iconic milestone for artists in the accompanying ages. This article embodies sum and substances of the research works carried out in this discipline.

This paper investigates the use of Neat Simarouba Glauca Oil (NSGO) in a regular diesel engine with the help of combustion enhancer. The high calorific gaseous fuel hydrogen gas was used as a combustion enhancer and Inducted into the engine during the suction stroke. A vertical, four stroke, single cylinder regular diesel engine with modified engine operating variables was employed in the investigation. NSGO was admitted through regular fuel injection device of diesel engine and hydrogen was inducted through suction manifold. Inducted hydrogen gas was ignited by the intermediate compounds of neat SG oil. This process offers higher temperature combustion and leading to complete combustion of heavier molecules of NSGO within shorter duration. The results of the experiment disclose that the application of hydrogen has improved combustion behaviour of neat SG oil. The results of the experiments showed that a considerable improvement has obtained in performance and emission characteristics of neat SG oil. Also, this investigation successfully proved that the application of NSGO more than 80% is possible under a regular diesel eng

Speed is amongthe most frequently requiredmeasurement parameters in thetechnological processes of the industry. The instantaneous angular speed measurement is one of the important issues for applications in the area offault diagnosis, condition monitoring and control of rotating machines. For early fault detection and health monitoring of low speed machines the instantaneous angular speed measurement is required at high accuracy and resolution.Direct measurement of speed is very difficult and is subjected to errors. Measurement of speed is function of many other variables. The speed of electrical machines in the form of RPM or RPS can be measured with the help of micro controller system by suitable encoding of rotation. Accurate digital measurement is possible by using suitable development of hardware circuit and softwares.

Recruitment and selection is the important function of HRM. Proper recruitment and selection provide a strong basic structure/ foundation to an organisation. Its basic objective is to attract and appoint a person with proper and adequate skills and qualification at the appropriate/ best fitted job. Modern era is techno savvy. Online recruitment and selection process help the organisation to attract and manage the competent workforce. The main objective of this article is to understand the meaning and process of online recruitment and selection process. Many online recruitment agencies are also emerging as a popular and reliable source of recruitment. Some of them are discussed in the article. Special focus is given on the online recruitment and selection process adopted by IBPS. Use of information technology in recruitment and selection process provides benefits to both the recruiter and the job seekers in many ways.

शेती विकास ही मुळ संकल्पना गुतागुतिची असून आतरसंबंधातील चलाचा प्रभाव एखाद्या क्षेत्रावरील शेती उत्पादनशिलतेवर भर पडतो. परंतू काही चलाचा प्रभाव पडत नाही. तसेच विकास हा विशिष्ट क्षेत्रातील फक्त पिक उत्पादनतेच्या पातळीवर अवलबून असते. त्यासाठीविशिष्ट अभ्यासत्मक कसोटी निवडून व अनेक घटकाचा आधार घेऊन शेतीचा विकास प्रारुपाचा माडणी करणे आवश्यक ठरते . अभिक्षेत्र ण त्यातील वस्तू म्हणजे शेती विकासात होणारा बदल पाहण्याकरिता आसाम मधील शेती विकासाच्या पातळीवरील काही नैसर्गिक घटकामुळे विषमता आढळून येते पश्चिम विदर्भातील दरवार्षिक जमीन उपयोगामध्ये बदलावरून असे स्पष्ट होते की,विभागात शेतीचा विकास का काही भागात जास्त तर काही भागात कमी झाला आहे. ज्या भागामध्ये कमी विकास झाला आहे तेथे जास्ती जास्त आत्म्हत्येच्ये प्रमाणही दिसून येतात अशा भागात सरकरनी विशिष्ट भागात लक्ष देऊन शेतीचा विकास वाढवायला पाहिजे म्हणजे विदर्भ संपन्न होऊ शकते.

The objective of the study was to find out the relationship of achievement motivation and pre competitive anxiety to the playing ability of hockey players. In this study 25 male Hockey players from Saifai Sports Hostel were selected. Age ranged of the subjects was 16-21 years. For the study Sports Achievement Motivation Test (SAMT) developed by Dr. M.L. Kamlesh was used. The Sports Competitive Anxiety Inventory-2 (SCAI-2) by Rainer Martin was used to assess pre competitive anxiety. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation was applied in order to determine the relationship of achievement motivation and pre competitive anxiety to the playing ability of hockey players. The level of significance was at 0.05. The results were show that the significant relationship of achievement motivation and sports competitive anxiety to the hockey's playing ability. Achievement motivation ('r' = 0.742) and pre competitive anxiety ('r' = 0.436) of was found significant relationship to the playing ability of Saifai Sports Hostel Hockey players as the calculated both correlation coefficient values i.e. 'r' = 0.742, 'r' = 0.436 are higher than the table value 0.3809 at 0.05 level of significance.

“I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved” – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Women's welfare is the greatest need of today.In this study an attempt has been made to measure the reach and impact of different welfare and development programmes on scheduled caste women in rural area of Agra district of Uttar Pradesh. The study, based as it is on hard field data, leads to certain broad generalizations and conclusions. The analysis reveals that as a result of the proper implementing and utilization of the different government schemes, the social status of the scheduled caste women has certainly moved on the improvement side. The finding suggest The officials at the block level do not function in a systematic and planned manner and usually adopt an easier mode of functioning such as financing of the schemes without paying any attention on the requisite infrastructural facilities. It is therefore suggested that before offering any scheme to the beneficiaries under the programme, plans based on local resources should be prepared.

The progress of any country rests on the health of its population, the population of India consists teenagers as a major part of it. The future progress reflects on adolescent population. In this new era of modernization and Globalization teenagers lifestyle is changing at every level and it is influenced by their family structure, peer-pressure, media and socio-economic background. New teen-culture in Indian Society has certain mode of living, lifestyle, habits, fashion, attitudes, values and practices. Today due to the new trends in the 'teen-culture' negative effects have been observed on the health of teenage group. According to the National Centre for Health statistics it has been indicated that the physical and mental health is mediated by social and cultural aspects. This article is mainly focused on the health aspects of adolescent generation of our society especially of the teenage female population in urban setup. The effects of new emerging cultural traits and technology on the health of teenagers have been analyzed in this article.

In a fastly growing world e- learning has very important role to play. But inherent nature of this dynamic learning process, is itself creating a lot of challenges. Unless these challenges are met, it is considerably impossible to promote e-learning in India. We need stringent statutory provisions to prevent threats related to e learning. But above all our approach should be conducive enough, so that we can see improvements in realistic level in society by imparting education through e learning.

The purpose of this study to compare the endomorphic, mesomorphic & ectomorphic jumpers and throwers. For this study 60 athlete's, 30 jumpers & 30 throwers; equally divided into two groups. The study was conducted from Punjab State; the entire sample selected from random basis; the age group of the samples ranged from 17 & 19 years and the selected subjects at least participated at State Level Tournament. To find out the comparison among jumpers & throwers Heath & Carter (1980) method was used. Results found that throwers have more endomorphic than jumpers while jumpers have mesomorphic than throwers and also jumpers have more ectomorphic than throwers.

The present article explores the literary regionalism depicted in Ethel Davis Wilson's novel, Hetty Dorval. The term Regionalism in the context of literature refers to the fiction which focuses on specific features of the region like characters, dialects, customs, history and topography. The writer presents the region which can be real or fictional. Thus, the region depicted in such works is a representation of a personal experience of the author. In the regional novel the characters are common men and women from farming life, working class and middle class. The characters have adherence to the old ways of life.

Ag-Ta O nanocomposites were synthesized by chemical method. The as-synthesized 2 5 nanocomposites were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The prepared catalyst is in mixed oxide state. The antibacterial activities of the prepared Ag-Ta O nanocomposites were carried out 2 5 against pathogenic bacteria E. coli. Compete inhibition of E. coli was observed within 15 min in presence of nanocompositesunder UV light irradiation.

Affirmative action in terms of quotas in favour of SC(schedule caste) in India has faced huge criticism in the past few years. One of the reasoning given for that is, in the times of globalisation the need for actions related to problems of the past like Caste System does not arise and also that even if there is a need, globalisation is sufficient enough to fade away the caste inequality present in the country. This paper attempts to address the question 'Has Globalisation made any impact on the Caste System of India and if it has, then what kind of an impact has it made?'With the help of econometric methodology we would like to find the answer to the above mentioned question. And the results were quite different from what might have been expected.

Warana Co-operative Complex at Warananagar is 30km. north-west of Kolhapur in Maharashtra. Warana Co-operative complex had a chain of interlinked units which facilitated the people in its command areas to earn a livelihood. Yet a long felt need of this area was a large shopping complex which could enable the people to obtain all their essential requirements at fair prices. The present investigation is to study role of warana bazaar in protecting the interests of the common man. The Warana Co-operative Sugar Factory sponsored Consumer's Store- Warana Bazar is the first of its kind in Rural India. Warana Bazar give free consultancy services to many more stores in Maharashtra in Cooperative sectore. Recently Warana Bazar had started Franchisee also. Taking into consideration the need for trained person in the emerging retail industry they started own training center under the name and style – Vilasrao Tatyasaheb Kore Consumer Co-operative Training center. This center is duly recognized by the department of Adult and Continuous education of Shivaji University, Kolhapur in the year 1996. A batch of 50 trainees is trained every year and first five students are absorbed in the Service of Warana Bazar. The remaining students are provided jobs by various consumers co-operative store in Maharashtra and in the private sector.

Performance appraisal has been considered as most significant and indispensable tool for an organization, for the information it provides is highly useful in making decisions regarding various personal aspects such as promotions and merit increases. Performance measures also link a basis for judging the effectiveness of personnel sub-divisions such as recruiting, selection, training and compensation. Accurate information plays a vital role in the organization as a whole. They help pinpoint weak areas in the primary systems (e.g., marketing, finance and production). It is easier for managers to see which employees need training or counseling. performance appraisal should be viewed as a beneficial process within the context of an effective system of human resource management. It should be accepted as a normal management responsibility to review the performance of all employees and for all managers to discuss performance with their subordinates on a regular basis

The demand of energy is increasing in the world. Energy is an essential need for human existence. It has a result of rapid growth of human population, Urbanization and industrialization. On the other hand now in our country peoples curiosity regarding biogas plant is increasing especially in rural areas. Biogas is a clean, non-polluting and low cost fuel. It contains about 55 to 75 per cent methane, which is inflammable. The study is to importance of biogas plant. Biogas is the good solution for energy produce as well as agriculture waste management and cattle dung. Biogas typically refers to a mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in absent of oxygen. It is also providing bi product like slurry fertilizer. It also supports to employment in rural areas. The current article discusses the various positive and negative environmental an implication associated with biomethanation and also tries to highlight Working of biogas plant and agricultural waste management.

This paper highlights how sports activities act as motivation factor in the personality of sportsmen, motivation is defined as forces of internal and external that directs human and animal beings to move towards specific goal and act in particular manner, sports is phenomena it always creates ample opportunity to the participants to use their potentialities optimum level by motivating, motivating factors are group influence, goal setting, training intensity, competition level, positive attitude, and their coactor, sports field always act as motivating and influence factor .

शेती विकास ही मुळ संकल्पना गुतागुतिची असून आतरसंबंधातील चलाचा प्रभाव एखाद्या क्षेत्रावरील शेती उत्पादनशिलतेवर भर पडतो. परंतू काही चलाचा प्रभाव पडत नाही. तसेच विकास हा विशिष्ट क्षेत्रातील फक्त पिक उत्पादनतेच्या पातळीवर अवलबून असते. त्यासाठीविशिष्ट अभ्यासत्मक कसोटी निवडून व अनेक घटकाचा आधार घेऊन शेतीचा विकास प्रारुपाचा माडणी करणे आवश्यक ठरते . अभिक्षेत्र ण त्यातील वस्तू म्हणजे शेती विकासात होणारा बदल पाहण्याकरिता आसाम मधील शेती विकासाच्या पातळीवरील काही नैसर्गिक घटकामुळे विषमता आढळून येते पश्चिम विदर्भातील दरवार्षिक जमीन उपयोगामध्ये बदलावरून असे स्पष्ट होते की,विभागात शेतीचा विकास का काही भागात जास्त तर काही भागात कमी झाला आहे. ज्या भागामध्ये कमी विकास झाला आहे तेथे जास्ती जास्त आत्म्हत्येच्ये प्रमाणही दिसून येतात अशा भागात सरकरनी विशिष्ट भागात लक्ष देऊन शेतीचा विकास वाढवायला पाहिजे म्हणजे विदर्भ संपन्न होऊ शकते.

The purpose of the present study aimed at examining theselected physical fitness variables ofspeed, agility and explosive power, and psychological variables of sports competition anxiety, sports achievement motivation and self-confidence among inter collegiate and inter university athletes. For achieving the result of the study sixty athletes are selected in the ratio of 30 intercollegiate and 30 inter university men athletes from three colleges and three universities. The each thirty subjects of intercollegiate and inter university athletes were equally selected from sprinters, jumpers and throwers. The selected variables were tested through standardized test of 100 m dash, 4X10mts shuttle run and standing broad jump, Rainer Martens Sports competitive anxiety scale, M.L.Kamlesh Sports achievement motivation scale and Robins Vealey Self-confidence scale. The collected data's were statistically analyzed by using t-test. The significant level was fixed at 0.05.The result of the study proved that there were a significant differences in selected variables between inter collegiate and inter university athletes. Further it was proved that the inter university athletes were better in all the selected variables in comparison with inter collegiate athletes.

In this paper we have tried to explain the importance of Value education in the development of the students and in turn the society as a whole. Teachers role in inculcating the values and ethics in Students. The growing concern over the erosion of essential values and increasing suspicion in society has brought to focus the need for readjustments in the curriculum of social and moral values. In the culturally plural society, education should foster universal and eternal values, oriented towards the unity and integration of our people. Such value education should help eliminate obscurantism, religious fanaticism, violence, superstition and fatalism. Values – moral and ethical – promote innate love for peace and reverence for truth, which are intrinsic in human life.

In totality, a transport system has to be economically, environmentally and socially sustainable. Economic sustainability means that the transport system and supporting infrastructure should be cost effective and should provide for efficient transport of people and goods/freight. Environmental sustainability includes the dimension of pollution and efficient use of energy. Social sustainability in an urban setting would mean that the transport system is equitably provided to all the sections of the society and should also be safe, convenient and comfortable. Transportation related Relevant Issues are: Urbanization and motorization, Lack of Effective Land Policy, Fuel Quality and Outdated Technology, Traffic Congestion, Accidents, Air Quality and Health, Noise Pollution and Health, Water pollution, Land degradation, Global Climatic Changes. Now sustainable transportation is the global goals which can be Obtain by The global policy for sustainable transportation which gives Quality-of-life.

August Comte was greatest thinker, scholar, best orator and twinkle star of 19th century, because of his effort today, a science 'Sociology' is growing, root of this was August Comte. His writings .life and companion everything is his thoughts. Many volumes came up to and reached people. When we go into history we can see depth and width of August Comte. In this way this a small effort made in this article.

Consumers are the origin of the modem marketing world, every marketing activity revolves around the consumer and the consumer is an originator of an organization. Consumers are the pillars of economic development in any country. The consumer is considered king in the market, but in reality consumer is treated very badly by both public as well as private sector. The need for consumer protection arises because of the exploitation of consumer and the denial of consumer' rights in the absence of strong protective measures. Government has a great role to play in encouraging consumer movement. The government has adopted a number of measures for consumer protection. A number of laws enacted to protect the consumers. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is a milestone in the history of socioeconomic legislations in India, to protect and promote the rights of consumers, for rendering speedy, simple and inexpensive justice for redressing the grievances of the consumers.

Food is something that people consume on a daily basis. Undoubtedly food accounts for the largest share of consumer spending. An interesting feature of the time- starved modern Indian consumer is that, they are in no mood to spend an hour in the kitchen preparing food, and thus they are now adopting a new eating habit to suit their lifestyle. Ready-To-Eat Food is a result of this new shift. Though these products are well known for their convenience and taste, health is definitely taking precedence among consumers who are making this shift in the food products. Segmenting the market is an important marketing strategy adopted by the marketer and when it comes to Ready-To-Eat Food, segmentation based on lifestyle can be applied to develop proper marketing strategies. Thus the present study aims to profile the Ready-To-Eat Food consumer lifestyles segments with special reference to Salem, a growing metropolitan city in Tamilnadu. The study will explore new highlights in the field of segmentation.

A great organizer, Bhagat Singh united the restless youth of the day under the aegis of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association and gave a direction to the fledgling armed struggle. Even though he could not achieve freedom for India, Bhagat Singh`s martyrhood stirred up the nation and inspired millions of Indian youth to fight against British oppression. While the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress are usually credited for India`s independence, the sacrifices made by Bhagat Singh and his comrades too are glorious chapters in India`s history.

The study focused on the scenario that a major part of the Chinese manufacturing industries are gradually losing their comparative advantages when it comes to providing low labor cost over the other Southeast Asian countries who offer much lower prices. Statistical analysis on the volumes of investments made by European countries in China and other Southeast Asian countries in the last five (5) years had been done in order to determine its impact on various manufacturing industries of these countries such as clothing, leather, textiles and electronics. Findings revealed that in the recent years, foreign merchants or investors had been gradually shifting their investment to South East Asian countries and based on the merits of low labor costs this creates effects on the plight of the manufacturing industries inside China. This paper then proposes relative counter-measures that will maintain the edge and influence of Chinese manufacturing in the global production of goods.

Zinc is an essential trace element required in minor amount by prokaryotes and Eukaryotes whereas in the case of plants proper concentration is needed to have regular plant physiological pathway to function normally. The entrance of zinc in pathways plays a vital role in photosynthesis, sugar formation protein synthesis and defense against diseases. Microbes solubilize different element in soil and it leads to addition of zinc, the present research aimed to investigate efficiency of G.diazotrophicus on zinc solubilization. In the present investigation about four G.diazotrophicus isolates were isolated from different parts of sugarcane, characterized and used for zinc solubilizing invitro studies. The outcome of research interestingly showed efficiency of G.diazotrophicus isolates (GdSR, GdSS, GdSB and GdSL) and reference strain (PAL-5) on zinc solubilization and recorded maximum clear zone on the zinc added LGI medium.

The paper intends to focus on 'Tradition vs. Modernity In Shobha De's Select Novels'. It has huge significance in the Indian English Literature. The most significant social change in India is marked in the beginning of 20th century, when Western education, secularization, liberation of women, urbanization, cosmopolitan and industrialization start to cast its spell on Indian civilization. The colonization of families in look forservice and better life from rural to the industrial areas as well as cities lead to a structural change in the civilization: the traditional dual family structureattain metamorphosed into nuclear families; amplify in materialism and wearing a way of traditional values; cut throat antagonism in economic sphere; rise in the illicit sex- contacts, separation and pre- and extra-marital sexual relations turns into a customarysubstance. Shobha De's three novels Socialite Evenings, Starry Nights and Snapshots from the realistic perspective with a view to showing how she is reflecting as well as representing the changed social realism of the lives of upper class women in cosmopolitan in India. She also reflects the fight between two ideological poles of tradition and modernity through the central character, Karuna and her companion Anjali. Both Anjali and Karuna grow up in traditional families. Both of them opt for a openminded life, refusing to understand the myths created as well as nourished by patriarchal civilization. They swim against the tide of civilization, smoke, drink as well asspoil in extra-marital relationships.

According to the National Population policy 2000, the tribal people need special attention in respect of basic helath and reproductive and child health services. Equally important are provision of mobile clinics, informtion and counseling on infertility and regular supply of standardiesed medication. The Dhebar Commission (1960-61) has mentioned that the tribals and their leaders emphasized that the instruction in primary schools be imparted to them through their mother tongue. Teachers from amongst them, or tribal dialect knowing teachers may be appointed. Formal and non- formal education, forest education and vocational courses need to get due emphasis. More women animators are to be identified by the local specific communities for getting trained in development education. The paper analysis welfare, development and empowerment of tribal women in India.

Even though the Government of Karnataka has formulated and implemented various schemes for the furtherance of the social, economic and overall development of rural women, when the present position of women in taken into account these schemes do not appear effective in enhancing the confidence and capability of these women. The government, with the joint collaboration of various departments, has taken up the work of woman development with only one aim and adherence to achieve the overall development women by rendering them financial support in the form of subsidy through different projects directly or through banks to eradicate poverty of these women. With a view to make women financially independent the State Government has established the State Women Development Corporation (Stree-Shakti: Women Empowerment, 2003)

The Information and Knowledge between researchers and farmers is important for continued and sustained agricultural development. The contents for interactive communication and provide technical support to farmers. The Topic of interest to farmers and those related to insect and diseases, Paddy Cultivators and Soil fertility and nutrient Management. The experience gained will help to effectively use information support systems for agricultural development in rural area of Thiruvallur District.

Cooperative Sugar industry is one of the largest industries in the country and makes significant constitution to the economy of the country. The cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra are facing several challenges in terms of finance, management and governance. The lack of financial management in cooperative sugar mills and rising number of private sugar mills bringing the tough competition for cooperative sugar mills. In spite of the giant economic strength of this sector, it has not been given due attention. The performance of co-operative sugar mills in India and Maharashtra is very poor when compared with international sugar industry. This is due to sugar mills do not have effective control over the cost incurred during the production and low recovery of sugar from the sugarcane crushed. In order to have a better control over; the cost of new techniques to be followed. Recovery of sugar can be improved by using modern management and machineries. Hence it will improve the productivity and increase the profitability.

In this paper authors considered transient non-homogeneous thermoelastic problem with Neumann’s boundary condition in thin rectangular plate of isotropic material, occupying region R: 0 ,0 ,0 £ £ £ £ £ £ x a y b z c where b a c b < < , , c is very small as compared to b . Initial temperature of the plate is f x y z ( , , ) and plate is placed in an ambient temperature zero. The plate is subjected to the activity of moving point heat source at point ( , , ) x y z ¢ ¢ ¢ moving with constant velocity vector 1 2 3 u u i u j u k = + + where 1 2 3 u u u , , are the component of velocity vector along x y z , , axes respectively. The heat conduction equation containing heat generation term is solved by applying integral transform technique and Green’s theorem is adopted in deriving the solution of heat conduction equation. The solution is obtained in a series form of trigonometric function and the thermal stresses are derived.

This thesis estimates the effect of pavement characteristic on energy dissipation of a rolling vehicle tyre. On objective of this study is to compare the relative amount of energy dissipated in pavement by the rolling depending on the pavement materials surface condition & environmental condition also. The study also assesses the effect of the vertical deflection, induced by the tyre, on overall energy dissipation in pavement. A comprehensive literature was carried out to prove a wide background for the study. Field measures and laboratory tests were discussed to provide basis for analyses. Results indicate that energy dissipated in pavement significantly depend on the characteristic of pavement. An obvious influence of speed on energy dissipation can be found only when the stiffness in a low level

This paper attempts to understand the role of Internet in marketing process and its implications on business activities and the decisions making process. With the increasing technological advancements the businesses are shifting from traditional methods of marketing to modern methods. Moreover, with the increasing literacy rate and easy accessibility of technology, the people have started using internet more. Students of schools are often asked to make use of computer & internet more to complete their projects. From school or college students to working professionals being more tech savvy, the usage of internet is not restricted only to a particular age group. This also guides marketing managers to make customer base targeted strategies. This paper lays emphasis on the various uses of internet in accomplishing marketing objectives and how it helps in better customer penetration. Internet not only helps in advertising products but it is a boon for gathering information regarding needs and wants of the consumers who are spread across the world, which aide companies to know work areas in new products production. However, there are many reasons because of which internet as a tool of marketing is not considered successful (reasons like- hacking, payment issues, virtual space constraint, lack of technical skills etc.). But the usage of internet marketing has considerably increased over the years. Today many companies are trading over the internet and have started e-business. The data used in the paper is secondary data collected from various online journal magazines and various e-business websites and books.

Green marketing also known as environmental marketing, ecological marketing, going green is a growing concept nowadays .It aims to protect the interest of not only firms and customers as well as our natural environment too. Man has unlimited wants and desires but for fulfilling these needs, resources are limited. Green marketing is concerned with utilizing the limited resources to fulfil these needs optimally .It has now become very popular .There have been lot of research work is going on this topic over the years ,this article try to analysis the impact of green marketing strategies on customer and on environmental safety

Education system should make an individual better suited to the needs of the ever changing dynamic world. The changes in the educational system should also reduce the social gaps by enabling proper recognition to whatever extent one is able to pursue or acquire a skill. The status of education is a key indicator of socio-economic development while employment opportunities largely depend on the level of education. In this paper we examined the status of primary education in the tribal districts of Gujarat. This paper presents and analyses the four main indicators that are: a) Access b) Infrastructure c) Teacher and d) Outcome of the EDI (Educational Development Index) based on the DISE data and district education office. We prepared analysis of all parameters of above four components from first to last their normalized values, Eigen values, weights, index and rank of four states by quantitative method. Therefore, an attempt has been made to analyses and presents the status of educational development in tribal districts of Gujarat.

Ethics contain a set of principles of personal and professional conduct .The concept of Business ethics relates itself to the norms and the ideals businessman and business groups adopt in course of their activities in business .Business ethics is an assertion of “be good” and “do good” in business. Ethical business practices has been a blessing to the enterprises as it ensures faith in society ,government trust ,business partners trust .on the other hand unethical business practices /behavior are may be the feel good factor in the short run for earning secret profit but prove as a monster in the long run as it leave a big spot on the enterprise image by indulging in activities like Black Marketing ,False Advertisement, Tax evasion etc .Thus it is the foremost duty of each enterprise to run its business on ethical grounds so that they can attain customers retention as well as employees retention in the long run and should not have a greed for becoming prey of unethical business practices thereby ditching the society as a whole .The principles laid down by IBE (Institute of Business Ethics ,London ) should be followed with sincerity by all enterprise leading to a trustworthy environment all around .

All children deserve effective and qualified teachers; yet, many children do not have them. Why? In 1990's, educational reformers started seeking answers to two fundamental queries: (1) How well are students learning? and (2) How effectively are teachers teaching? The focus of this paper is on one of the most significant factor in student achievement: the teacher. The teacher- as a person and as an instructor- establishes the quality of the teaching learning process. Although there is general concord that teachers make a difference, there is a lack of agreement about which aspects of teachers matter most. The widespread interest in research on teacher education has led to numerous studies that attempt to estimate the effect of teacher characteristics on pupils' achievement (Kaul, 1974; Singh, 1980). The question of how teacher characteristics have an effect on pupil learning has been of long concern to educators and parents. Surprisingly, little is known about hardiness as one important construct in teachers' personality which effects teacher effectiveness and in turn sets the climate in a classroom and conditions the learning of pupils to a large extent.

International diaspora is an important phenomenon of international system. As a connecting link between two countries, i.e., the host country and the country of origin diasporic community can play significant role in the policy making process of both the countries and influence their interstate relation. They also share special relation with the country of their origin and can exert impact on internal matters. However, in spite of such potential of international diaspora, the concept has been underestimated in the discipline of International Relation. Mainstream theories like realism has no space for diaspora as an actor in international relation. Liberal institutionalism and constructivism can be employed to some extent to understand the role of diaspora in the international relation. But given the current practice international diaspora would take some more time to emerge as a dominant scholarly discipline.

Education system should make an individual better suited to the needs of the ever changing dynamic world. The changes in the educational system should also reduce the social gaps by enabling proper recognition to whatever extent one is able to pursue or acquire a skill. The status of education is a key indicator of socio-economic development while employment opportunities largely depend on the level of education. In this paper we examined the status of primary education in the tribal districts of Gujarat. This paper presents and analyses the four main indicators that are: a) Access b) Infrastructure c) Teacher and d) Outcome of the EDI (Educational Development Index) based on the DISE data and district education office. We prepared analysis of all parameters of above four components from first to last their normalized values, Eigen values, weights, index and rank of four states by quantitative method. Therefore, an attempt has been made to analyses and presents the status of educational development in tribal districts of Gujarat.

Terracotta Art in India has been flourishing since the time of Indus Valley Civilization. Various excavations at 'Mohenjodaro' and 'Harappa' have unearthed several terracotta items in the form of various figures and figurines. In India this art is considered mystical as it incorporates the five gifts of the mother nature- air, fire, water, earth and ether. In a number of states in India, such as, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Assam, the terracotta figures still have a lot of prominence and represent the historic and cultural significance of this traditional art. In India, the single largest cluster where both Terracotta and Pottery crafts are found and practiced in traditional way is Asharikandi (Madaikhali) craft village which is also known as Terracotta Craft Village. The cluster is registered under the MSME- DI, Guwahati, Assam. But as a result of various marketing problems and inadequate marketing initiatives, the commercial potential of the unique art of this cluster still lay untapped. Hence, the study attempts to bring into light the various issues and challenges in marketing of the products manufactured in this cluster. The study is based on both primary and secondary data.

The age of information technology has presented to education a wide range of instructional media and materials. These media and materials are, in fact, tools of educational technology, which aims at solving problems of teaching and learning Hardware and software are two structural components of this technology and INTERACTIVE MEDIA is an important aspect related to them. Education as a system has some objective planned for the process and for the realization of which a variety of strategies, techniques and aids have been designed and devised b y educational technologists. INTERACTIVE MEDIA approach is one such innovation that is aimed at improving teaching-learning process.

What is the role played by media in promotion of human rights education in the society? It is also the responsibility of the state to promote human rights education in the society. Now a day, human rights education is very much essential for all those human beings, who are living in a democratic society. The main focus of human rights education is to disseminate fundamental rights and to promote peace and prosperity to all the individuals without distinction of race, creed, sex, religion and language. Media plays very crucial role in promotion of human rights education in the society. A responsible media is strengthening by constructing a culture of human rights by transforming the content of international human rights and also reporting the violations of human rights whenever it will be taken place. This paper revealed that awareness levels of the schedule tribes about human rights are very less and media is failed to promote human rights education among the backwards sections of the society.

उजनी लाभक्षेत्रातील धरणाच्याग्रस्ताच्या पुनर्वसनाचा चिकित्सक अभ्यास (विशेष संदर्भ पंढरपुर तालुका) हा संशोधनाचा विषय पाहत असताना धरणग्रस्तांच्या आर्थिक काय आहेत हे पाहणे अतिशयमहत्त्वाचे आहे. या विषयाचा अभ्यास करत असताना संशोधकच्या निरीक्षनातून व उत्तर दात्यांच्या उत्तरातून पुढील काही आर्थिक समस्या दिसून आल्या आहेत त्या पुढील प्रमाणे आहेत.

Karnataka, one of the frontline states of India, ranks 6th by per capita net state domestic product, per cent share of urban population, life expectancy, infant mortality and maternal mortality rates, 7th by literacy and 9th by population size in one hand and in other hand we have spatial development, particularly in economic terms has not been uniform in Karnataka. Geographical spread and diversity in social formations both led to varied experiences that many regions are much behind the mainstream of development. The present study is carried out in HK region of North Karnataka where the level of inequalities in regional and socio-economic parameters for human, gender & child developments are persistently ranking bottom in the state average norms. It is purely based on the secondary sources of information.

Banking system plays a very significant role in the economy of a country. It is central to a nation's economy as it caters to the needs of credit for all the sections of the society. Banks in India can be broadly classified under two heads — commercial banks and co-operative banks. While commercial banks (nationalised banks, State Bank group, private sector banks, foreign banks and regional rural banks) account for an overwhelming share of the banking business, co-operative banks also play an important role. Today co-operative banks in India are facing stiff competition for survival and keep their identity and a place in the global world. The object of the present study to evaluate the performance of cooperative banks in Sangli district in terms of financial position, deposit mobilization, loans and advances and the customers services.

Islam means submission, surrender, obedience and peace. Islam stands for complete surrender and submission to God. Islam envisages that the way to peace and progress for man lies in submission to God. The message of Islam is enshrined in the declaration of faith “there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad (SAW) is His messenger.” Islam establishes the link between man and his creator, and thereby lifts him in the scale of values.

The present study investigates the patterns created by migration flows to indicate the wards of population gain and loss, to determine the direction and magnitude of migration streams in Aligarh city. This paper is based on the primary data collected from the field work through the direct questionnaire to the respondents in city. Analysis of the study reveals that all the peripheral wards of Aligarh city show the positive net migration due to the heavy influx of rural-urban migration in these wards, while, all the interior wards of the city, show the negative net-migration due to the congestion, pollution, lack of sanitation, water logging during the rainy season, lack of fresh air and healthy environment etc. There is dominance of females among migrants and of males among non-migrants in the city. The volume of intra-city and intra-district migration is approximately eight times greater than the migration from other district of Uttar Pradesh and other states of India; and the proportion of intra-district migration is distinctly higher than the migration from intra-city and other streams of migration in the city

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is invented by Victor and Koblitzin introduced independently in 1985,ECC Algorithms widely start uses in 2004 to 2005. ECC has become another way to provide security as Public Key Cryptosystem. It has been introduced in many popular standards such as RSA, ECDH. ECC provide top level of security with a shorter key size. This Research Paper presents all type of Popular Attacks on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems. Mostly Attacks Based on Analysis of the cryptographic operation, because Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem provide a Top level Security which is impossible to crack by using traditional method e.g. Brute force. So Mostly Attacks performed passively which is also known as Side Channel Attacks. In Our Research it Emphasize on the Summary of Side Channel on Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems. This Article introduces various possible Power Analysis Attacks, give a Brief summary of Power Analysis Attacks, which has been validated or Proven by some Logic. Timing Attack which one of the Active Attack on Elliptic Curve Cryptography. At the end this Article Provide some Basic Countermeasures of these Attacks

Decentralization is considered as the most important aspect or pillar for deepening democracy. Accordingly various forms of decentralization practices are in operation in all the democratic countries of the world. India, the largest democracy of the world is no exception to that. Sixth schedule of the constitution represents one such measure that was incorporated with an aim of empowerment and administration of a particular section of people that lives in the hill areas of north east India. Consequently, an important plain tribe of Assam, that is, Bodo was also given this special treatment following their assertion in the form of Bodo movement. BTAD, that was formed after the Bodo Accord gave rise to lots of expectation among the Bodo people although from its inception it is experiencing lots of opposition from some other groups of the region. Again, it has not been able to mitigate the basic needs or demands of the Bodo people also. Under such a situation it becomes important to analyse the factors that have contributed towards democratic deficit in Sixth Schedule as well as in BTAD. The present paper will try to analyse or find out the factors or deficits that the sixth schedule or BTAD is experiencing from its inception.

Bodos are the largest communities among the other tribes of Assam. They have a rich culture as well as rich tradition in regards of dress. Dress is an essential part of society which is a part of material culture. Bodos have a tradition of weaving cloths which is an essential part of women. They have deserved this tradition since the immemorial of time, age and is prevailing till date in the community. Since the ancient period they have been accustomed with expertness of skill of production of shaping and designing the dress with different kinds of embroidery with different sizes and shapes and beautiful looks have been produced. So, in this paper I try to encapsulate the dress of the Bodos and its place in the community which is also a traditional art and expertness quality especially designed and woven by the Bodo women.

Directors in the course of their office can and do obtain access to confidential information relating to sensitive transactions of the company. Each director owes fiduciary duty not to disclose or use confidential information without the company's consent. However many times director breaches this fiduciary duty and uses this confidential information for their personal gains, this is called insider trading. Insider trading refers to purchase or sale of shares by someone on the basis of non-public price sensitive information and using confidential information to make a profit or avoid a loss at the expense of other co-investors. The present article deals with the concept and meaning of insider trading. The article gives the detailed analysis to the importance of prohibition of insider trading. The article also mentions some of the cases of insider trading for the better understanding of the reader.

The Indian retail industry which comprises organized and unorganized retail, is currently estimated at US$ 490 billion..The current study concentrates on analysis of consumer buying behavior and brand perception towards Elante Mall Chandigarh. The main factor of consumer is buying power, which in result determines their buying behavior and perception of brands in shopping malls. In malls, consumers prefer the air-conditioned environment, availability of several product categories under one roof, quality of service, car parking facilities, ambience, convenience of shopping and the confidence that the store-owner is not cheating.

Technologies at present are influencing each and every aspect of human life. They are playing salient roles in work places, business, education, and entertainment. Technological innovation may now be changing the very way the academicians teach and students learn. Education reform is occurring throughout the world and one of the tenets of the reform is the introduction and integration of technology in the education system. In today's technology-enabled knowledge economy, management education system is also facing a new challenge that is how not only to equip students with an adequate education in their field of study, but also to arm them with the skills and knowledge required leveraging technology effectively in the workplace. Today, the business environment has become highly turbulent facing numerous market related risks and competition. This has lead to the need for dynamic and competent managers who are not only skilled in management tactics but are also technology savvy. The system of management education should be such that it prepares students in conceptual skills as well as in technical skills to suit the changing requirements of the industry .Technology certainly has the potential to make the delivery of higher education in management more flexible, interactive, collaborative and mobile, all of which present strategic choices for the institutional leaders.

This study aims to develop a poverty reduction strategy for Tamil Nadu. Eradication of poverty in India is generally only considered to be a long-term goal. Poverty alleviation is expected to make better progress in the next 50 years than in the past, as a trickle-down effect of the growing middle class. Increasing stress on education, reservation of seats in government jobs and the increasing empowerment of women and the economically weaker sections of society, are also expected to contribute to the alleviation of poverty. It is incorrect to say that all poverty reduction programmes have failed. The growth of the middle class indicates that economic prosperity has indeed been very impressive in India, but the distribution of wealth is not at all even. Tamil Nadu faces the longer-term challenge of reform for accelerating economic growth and reducing poverty. Empowerment of women has emerged as an important issue in recent times. The economic empowerment of women is being regarded these days as a sine-quo-non of progress for a country; hence the issue of economic empowerment of women is of paramount importance to political thinkers, social scientist and reformer. The self help groups (SHGs) have paved the way for economic independence of rural women. This article deals with empowerment of women through entrepreneurship development with special reference to pudhu vaazhvu project in Tamilnadu.

-In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and characterize the phosphobacterial isolates such as Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. from fifteen bhendi rhizosphere soil samples collected from Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. The results showed that all rhizosphere soils harbored phosphobacterial isolates such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas to the tune of 104 CFU g-1 of rhizosphere soil sample. Pure culture of the above phosphobacterial isolates were prepared and further subjected to different characterization studies for their tentative identification. General and biochemical characterization studies clearly revealed that seven isolates of B. megaterium, three each isolates of B. subtilis and B. polymyxa and two isolates of B. cereus were found among the fifteen Bacillus rhizosphere soils. With regard to Pseudomonas population eight isolates of P. fluorescens, four isolates of P. putida and three isolates of P. striata were also obtained among the fifteen rhizosphere soils.

दुसरया महायुध्दानंतर जगात बरयाच राष्ट्रांमध्ये आर्थिक व राजकीय क्षेत्रांत काही महत्वाची परिवर्तन घडून आलीत . पैकी हुकूशाहीचा जागा लोकशाहीने घेतली हे राजकीय स्वरूपाचे परिवर्तन , तर पोलीस राज्याची जागा कल्याणकारी राज्याने घेतली हे महत्त्वाचे आर्थिक परिवर्तन पोलीस राज्य आणि कल्याणकारी राज्य या दोन्ही संकल्पनांचे आर्थिक स्वरूपाचे विचारमंथन करावयाचे असल्यामुळे प्रथम या दोन्ही संकल्पनांचा थोडक्यात आशय बघु.

Women empowerment is a debatable subject. At earlier time they were getting equal status with men. But they had faced some difficulties during post-Vedic and epic ages. Many a time they were treated as slave. In this contemporary world, women need to gain the same amount of power that men have. Now, it is time to forget that men are the only holders of power. In India, women are still facing different obstacles in male-dominated cultures. The things are related to women's status and their future. We should not forget that history in a witness to the women who have in ancient period, Razia Sultana, Rani of Jhansi Laxmibai, Sarojini Naidu, Indira Gandhi, and Mother Teresa and Modern period unique leadership capabilities Kalpana chawla,mary kom, Sahana nehval, Arundhati roy, Aishwary rai are the examples of women empowerment. National mission for the empowerment of women (NWEM) launched by the Govt. of India are some significant steps towards the goal, and the 2011censes have some improvements too. The sex ratio in India has improved from 930 in 1971 to 940 as per 2011 censes. The female literacy has also increased from 18.3% in 1961 to 74% in 2011, in addition to decrease in malefemale literacy gap from 26.6% in 1981 to 16.7% in 2011.

Infrastructure if properly developed and designed can be of great help in accelerating growth that will help to reduce poverty and unemployment. It is also essential that the infrastructure delivers its services in the most efficient way so that benefits flow from it. Gulbarga in Karnataka with hot and dry climate has been facing with many problems of poverty unemployment and lagging behind in infrastructure development also. Lack of non-farm employment opportunities considered to be the one of the reason for backwardness and participation of private sector in employment generation is very low. In the connection, Pardhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) is playing important role in generation of employment opportunities and rural connectivity for agricultural marketing. Therefore it is necessary to study the improvement in rural connectivity is an approach to reduce unemployment and poverty.

The micellar behaviour of anionic surfactants, potassium dodecyl sulphate, sodium dodecyl sulphate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate (KDS, NaDS and NaDBS) in presence of different concentration of urea (0.5 - 2.0 M) in 2.5% alkanol-water systems at different temperature (30-45ºC) has been measured by conductivity measurements. The CMC values of anionic surfactants increased with the addition of urea, monohydric alcohols (methanol, propanol and butanol) water systems at different temperature. Various thermodynamic parameters have been reported.

This paper presents the review on grain cleaning machine.Agriculture is the backbone of Indian Economy. Agriculture is basically an energy conversion industry. This paper gives the grain cleaning methodology followed in rural areas by farmers. In the developing world, powered grain cleaners exist, but they are impractical in rural regions because of electricity are expensive or unavailability. Thus there is a necessity of machine which is easy to operate and without using electric power and using easily available resources machine is designed and developed for small grain growers.

Self-medication is consumption of medicinal products for treating diseases without a prescription resulting in wastage of resources, increased drug resistance and causes health hazards. Selfmedication, often without adult guidance, has been reported to be a common practice during adolescence. Similar to other preventable health-risk behaviors initiated in early adolescence, it has become a cause for concern universally. The main problem with self medication with antimicrobials is the emergence of pathogenic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance is an existing problem world-wide, mainly in developing countries. The aim and objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge regarding self medication among medical students of Uttar Pradesh Rural Institute Of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai. This was a questionnaire based study of 4 months duration. A prevalidated questionnaire was distributed to 150 students. The results of this study showed that out of 150 students 130(86.7%) students used antibiotics as self medication. Most common reason for self administration of antibiotics was insect bite 35 (26.90%). In this study we observed that the most common source of information regarding self-medication were senior students 79(60.76%) and most commonly used drugs as self-medication were antibiotics 82(63.07%). The findings from this study highlights the striking prevalence of self medication among medical students, the lack of knowledge and the risks associated with them. Most common reason for indulging self medication was the easy availability 74(56.92%) of drugs. At the policy-making level, there is an urgent need to legislate and enforce laws restricting access to the supply of medicines without prescription by pharmacies and strict rules regarding pharmaceutical advertising. Most importantly, there is a need for a robust public enlightenment campaign to educate the populace of the disadvantages and possible complications of antibiotic self medication. Emphasis on rational use of drugs is a must.

In this paper, the Advanced Micro controller Bus architecture (AMBA) defines an on-chip communication standard for designing high-performance embedded Microcontrollers which is used for high speed data transfer. This bus provides a high-bandwidth interface between the elements that are involved in the majority of transfers. Also located on the high-performance bus is a bridge to the lower bandwidth APB, where most of the peripheral devices in the system are located. The main function is to switch between the masters and slaves. This device is used for transferring the data from Master to Slave on the bus as per the Request from the master and switching between them has to be take place.

In this paper, the Advanced Micro controller Bus architecture (AMBA) defines an on-chip communication standard for designing high-performance embedded Microcontrollers which is used for high speed data transfer. This bus provides a high-bandwidth interface between the elements that are involved in the majority of transfers. Also located on the high-performance bus is a bridge to the lower bandwidth APB, where most of the peripheral devices in the system are located. The main function is to switch between the masters and slaves. This device is used for transferring the data from Master to Slave on the bus as per the Request from the master and switching between them has to be take place.

Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is an Indian-American author, poet, and a professor of Writing at the University of Houston Creative Writing Program. Her works are largely set in India and the United States, and often focus on the experiences of South Asian immigrants. Sister of My Heart is a novel by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni. With strong character development, and a few plot twists, Sister of My Heart is a story about family, friendship, and the bond between sisters. This novel can be considered as a fine example of Indian diasporic fiction. We can experience the diasporic consciousness in the novel evidently. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni interprets the relationship of women with universal problems of discrimination, dislocation, disturbance and disorder by expressing the diasporic consciousness inhere novel Sister of My Heart.

मालवा प्रारभ से ही सुखद व सुहावनी जलवायु के कारण पर्यटक के आकर्षण का केंद्र रहा है| यहाँ रहे पर्यटक एवं उनके उद्देश का जानना एक जटिल कार्य संचरण प्रतिरूप के यथार्थ रूप को जानना हेतु पर्यटक से गहन सम्पर्क आवश्यक है| पर्यटन संबंधी सुचनाएँ मुख्यत:पर्यटक का वितरण स्वरूप पर्यटक की आयु, लिंग व वैवाहिक स्तर, पर्यटक की पर्यटक की अवधि, शिकायते, पर्यटक, सुझाव इत्यादि से संबंधित विशेषताओं का अध्ययन पर्यटक की विशेषताओ से परिचित कराता है|इन विशेषताओ का अध्ययन क्षेत्र के भावी पर्यटन विकास में सहायक सिद्ध होता है|

-It is possible that electromagnetic field generated by mobile phones may have an influence on the autonomic nervous system and modulates the function of circulatory system. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the significant effect of continuous talking with a mobile phone on heart rate variability (HRV) in young healthy volunteers. The electrocardiogram analysis was performed to assess the changes in heart rate of 25 healthy students with normal electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded using six channel multi parameter model Caddo 19 B. ECG was recorded after every five minutes for continuous taking for 20 minutes. It had been observed that stress due to geopathic zone affect health parameters. The changes in parameter are statistically significant for p= 0.05. It was shown that the call with a mobile phone may change the autonomic balance in healthy subjects. Changes in heart rate variability during the call with a mobile phone could be affected by electromagnetic field but the influence of speaking cannot be excluded.

Kisan Credit Card has emerged as an innovative and indispensable credit delivery mechanism to meet the credit needs of farmers in a timely and hassle free manner. Realizing its potential for simplifications of loan procedures and in reducing the drudgery of cumbersome documentations to issue the Kisan Credit Cards to farmers on the basis of their holding for uniform adoption by the banks so that the farmers may use them to readily purchase agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc., and draw cash for their production needs. The present study was carried out during the year 2009-10, in Ashoknagar district of Madhya Pradesh with 300 KCC holders. The results reveled that the majority of KCC holders fully utilized the credit for the productive purpose. About 83 percent amount of total loan disbursed was properly utilized by sample KCC holders.

This article discusses the theoretical aspect of multiculturalism in the Indian context .This paper shows why does multiculturalism plea for cultural equality within the nation-state? Why does the liberal democracy make its citizen culturally barren? We can say that multiculturalism supports not only the broader concept of equality, for example that of cultural equality, but also the wider concept of freedom which tries to balance between individual's individuality with a people's individuality. When multiculturalism is discussed in the terms of the nation-state, it is accepted that the theory of multiculturalism is not against the nation-state but it tries to remove its homogenizing nature and makes it more responsive to the cultural diversity. On this theoretical basis, we should discuss India as a nationstate and dig out, to what extent India gets perfection on the canon of multiculturalism.

This article discusses the theoretical aspect of multiculturalism in the Indian context .This paper shows why does multiculturalism plea for cultural equality within the nation-state? Why does the liberal democracy make its citizen culturally barren? We can say that multiculturalism supports not only the broader concept of equality, for example that of cultural equality, but also the wider concept of freedom which tries to balance between individual's individuality with a people's individuality. When multiculturalism is discussed in the terms of the nation-state, it is accepted that the theory of multiculturalism is not against the nation-state but it tries to remove its homogenizing nature and makes it more responsive to the cultural diversity. On this theoretical basis, we should discuss India as a nationstate and dig out, to what extent India gets perfection on the canon of multiculturalism.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises(MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy over the last five decades. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socioeconomic development of the country Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) contribute nearly 8 percent of the country's GDP, 45 percent of the manufacturing output and 40 percent of the exports. They provide the largest share of employment after agriculture. They are the nurseries for entrepreneurship and innovation. They are widely dispersed across the country and produce a diverse range of products and services to meet the needs of the local markets, the global market and the national and international value chains. The current paper is an attempt to critically analyze the role of MSMEs in economic development of the country with the help of economic parameters namely No. of units, production and employment .

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). When a person is infected with HIV, the virus enters the body and begins to multiply and attack immune cells that normally protect us from disease. Eventually the body's immune system breaks down and is unable to fight off opportunistic infections and other illnesses. Only when someone with HIV begins to experience these specific infections and illnesses are they diagnosed with AIDS.

The human right and constitutional provisions in India guarantee the peaceful enjoyment of natural rights granted to women. Social, economic and political justice enshrined in the preamble and other provisions of the Indian constitution give a right of peaceful life of women and impose duty on other persons not to encroach upon her rights. There are various equality and protective and positive discrimination clauses in the constitution that give authority to the government to take all suitable measures to protect the interests of women. A sound social health is a corner stone of sustainable social development leading towards well being of every citizen in any state of country. The child sex ratio is a powerful indicator of social health of any society. In the developed societies where female and male enjoy equal status the women usually out number men. The adverse sex ratios where female are lesser than men, not only indicate poor social health, but also a barrier in attaining sustainable social development. Female foeticide is one of the most heinous ways of discrimination against women in society. Female foeticide is a gross violation of human rights. It violates the right to life of the unborn child. Right of the woman over her own body and to exercise her own decision making. The present pepar focuses on the female foeticide in India & PC& PNDT Act. 1994

-Tourism in India is witnessing widespread growth in the back of increasing inbound tourism by the Indian middle class, rising inflow of foreign tourists and successful government campaigns for promoting “INCREDIBLE INDIA”. The present paper is addressing the issue of entrepreneurship in rural tourism, identifying its potential to stimulate the rural areas of India. Tourism in general and rural tourism in particular is dominated by small business where the spirit of initiative, desire to achieve and the ability to identify market opportunities and to fructify effectively are essential. In India the efforts for entrepreneurship initially being shy and the studies carried out indicate that India's perspective towards rural tourism is still optimistic and open to accumulate new knowledge and is interested to develop a business. In the history of Indian economy, there was a rich tradition of the merchant, handicraftsmen, small entrepreneurs offering goods and services to their customers and having headquarters in their living villages and towns. Rural tourism can be defined as the country experience which encompasses a wide range of attractions and activities that take place in agricultural or non-urban areas. Its crucial characteristics include wide-open spaces, low levels of tourism development, and opportunities for visitors to directly experience agricultural and/or natural environments.

Sugar industry is one of the biggest industry in state of Maharashtra, there is an labour intensive employment of about thousands of workman. The occupational health problems in this sector are many and are attributable to variety of occupational stresses such as high concentration of dust ( viz. clay dust, bagasse dust, sugar dust), excessive temperature, high intensity noise, inadequate light and space, night work, shift work, high concentration of Nox, sulphur dioxide etc. In present investigation the sampling of dust, gases viz. sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides were done, at the selected spots of various processing units of work place environment of sugar industry. It was found that the concentration of sulphur dioxide in juice section near sulphur furnace is significantly high i.e 87.17µg/Nm3.The concentration of nitrogen oxide is comparatively high at cane yard section i.e. 105.54µg/Nm3.The workers working in vicinity of sulphur furnace complain of eye and throat irritation, suffocation, cough, etc. The workers working in cane yard boiler, Bagasse, Baling sections complaints for eye irritation, cough, sputum production may be due to increased concentration of NoX and dust and or interaction of both.

Terrorism threatens the national security of the nation. India is the largest democracy in the world and has been attacked primarily by perpetrators who disagree with India's fundamental stances and policies. These perpetrators are not exclusive to Islamic extremism or Pakistan. The primary regions affected by terrorism within India are: Jammu & Kashmir, Eastern Indian seven sister states, Central India, Mumbai and Delhi, with many other cities affected at some point in the last two decades. The problem of terrorism in India is directly interlinked with the South Asian countries because the terrorist organizations working in India have support and connections with its neighboring countries. Transnational terrorism, essentially externally supported irregular warfare within the country has emerged as a major threat to India's security. Terrorism needs to be tackled at various levels i.e. national, regional and global. Normally, the countries haunted by terrorism are found more involved with the military dimension of security rather than addressing the basic problems of the people. It is a complex problem, needs to be probed in the light of overall socio-economic and political context.

The study of philosophy, as a world outlook, includes the entire existence, the being in its totality. There are two main areas of philosophy, that is, epistemology and metaphysics. Epistemology is the theory of knowledge, an important province of philosophical it is the doctrine on man's ability to cognize reality, on the sources, forms and methods of cognition, the truth and ways of attaining it. Whereas metaphysics studies the highest principles of all that exists, which are inaccessible to the senses, compre-hoisible only to speculative reason, kind indispensable to all smites. Its subject includes the nature of the world, the existence of God, soul, transmigration, etc. Both epistemology and metaphysics are considered to be the foundations of any philosophy

The hospitality and tourism industry is one of the largest industries in the world. Hospitality industry has emerged as one of the key industries of the service sector driving the country's economy. The industry encompasses a wide variety of sub-sectors including foodservice; lodging; meetings, conventions, and special events; attractions; and transportation such as air travel. Due to its substantial economic benefits and job creation that help to fuel economic and social development in communities, tourism and the related hospitality businesses involved in its operations are attractive to many countries around the globe.

This article discusses how there exist a symbiotic relationship between Santals and forest further how changing access to nature impacted an adivasi people. This paper explores how their access to nature gradually diminished under colonial rule through governmental policies and restriction of the forests to the indigenous population. This paper shows that how jungle is integral part of Santal lives and their social, cultutal, religious and economic activities revolves in and around the forest only.

In the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and characterize the phosphobacterial isolates such as Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. from fifteen bhendi rhizosphere soil samples collected from Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. The results showed that all rhizosphere soils harbored -1 phosphobacterial isolates such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas to the tune of 104 CFU g of rhizosphere soil sample. Pure culture of the above phosphobacterial isolates were prepared and further subjected to different characterization studies for their tentative identification. General and biochemical characterization studies clearly revealed that seven isolates of B. megaterium, three each isolates of B. subtilis and B. polymyxa and two isolates of B. cereus were found among the fifteen Bacillus rhizosphere soils. With regard to Pseudomonas population eight isolates of P. fluorescens, four isolates of P. putida and three isolates of P. striata were also obtained among the fifteen rhizosphere soils.

भारतीय की गहन, गम्भीरएवं अनन्त रश्मियाँ अनन्त काल से समस्त राष्ट्रों को ज्ञान का अनन्त अलोक प्रदान कर प्रकाशित करती आ रही है और विश्व पटल पर भारतीय संस्कृति का प्रभाव सर्वदा नभ-छात्रकी भान्ति वर्तमान है| यह कथन अपने अन्दर उतनी ही सच्चाई लेलिए हुए है, जितनी एस कथन में है की भगवान भास्कर संसारभ्र के लिए आलोक-पूंज है|

भारतीय की गहन, गम्भीरएवं अनन्त रश्मियाँ अनन्त काल से समस्त राष्ट्रों को ज्ञान का अनन्त अलोक प्रदान कर प्रकाशित करती आ रही है और विश्व पटल पर भारतीय संस्कृति का प्रभाव सर्वदा नभ-छात्रकी भान्ति वर्तमान है| यह कथन अपने अन्दर उतनी ही सच्चाई लेलिए हुए है, जितनी एस कथन में है की भगवान भास्कर संसारभ्र के लिए आलोक-पूंज है|

Real estate is a property and pride for many in India. Acquiring land and having a house is a dream or basic requirement for each and every people. The need for housing is higher in India compared to that of many developing countries. A study on real estate and its financial and marketing aspects in relation to buyers and sellers acquires higher significance at present.

Our daily life is filled with so many emotions, both positive and negative. Positive emotions include happiness and love and the negative emotions include worry, frustration, sorrow, and anger. Complexity of our social life has made us to experience range of emotions. In our life, emotions serve many functions. They arouse our interest and tell us what to pay attention to. They motivate approach strategies through pleasant feelings and motivate avoidance or attack strategies through unpleasant ones.

In film criticism, auteur theory holds that a director's film reflects the director's personal creative vision, as if they were the primary "auteur" (the French word for "author"). In spite of—and sometimes even because of—the production of the film as part of an industrial process, the auteur's creative voice is distinct enough to shine through all kinds of studio interference and through the collective process.

संविधान निर्माण करनी वाला प्रबुध्द विद्वजनों हेतु अनेक उपबंधों की व्यवस्था की है | एन उपबंधों के माध्यमसे संविधान निर्माताओं ने शिक्षा को प्रत्येक व्यक्ति हेतु सर्व सुलभ करने का हर संभव प्रयत्न किया है| संविधान निर्माताओं का विश्वास था कि यदि राष्ट्र को शीघ्रातिशीघ्र विकास के पथ पर अग्रसारित करना ही तो इसके लिए केवल एक ही साधन उपलब्ध है और वह साधन है शिक्षा |

यह जानकर आश्चर्य होगा कि अमेरिका,ब्रिटन, कनाडा जैसे दिशो में जहाँ अग्रेजी भाषा का बहुलता से प्रयोग किया जाता है| वहाँ अनेक प्रवासी भारतीयों द्वारा हिन्दी भाषा में साहित्य का सुर्जन किया जा रहा है | जो भारतीय भारत से दूर भिन्न भिन्न देशोमें गये पशिचम देशों की साथ साथ उन्हें अपनी भारतीयता को जीवित रखने के लीये हिन्दी की आवश्यकता अनुभव हुई अपने अनुभवो को बाटने के लिये उनहोंने हिन्दी भाषा को लेखन का माध्यम बनाया| अपने आस-पास की घटना को प्रवासी भारतीयों ने हिन्दी साहित्य में उतारा है|

-Merits and demerits of Globalisation are discussed and analyzed many times, but the lesser argued term related to it is “Work stress”. While job stress and work-life imbalance are not new problems, they have received more attention this decade than ever before. Together, these two problems pose risks to worker's well-being as well as to organizational performance. This paper is an attempt to relate the pace of globalization with increasing work stress, fatigue and hence the discomfort of the arguably the most valuable asset of modern day organization i.e “Human Resource”. This study indulges organizations from both the sectors, public and private and from both the forms of organization: “Industry oriented” and “Service oriented”. The selected corporations have local presence as well as there are MNC's which have global presence hence I tried to identify the relationship between increasing footprints of the organization and the work stress level among its employees. I have tried to vary the respondents profiles form various sectors such as consultancy, finance, insurance, banking, & manufacturing and also tried to distinguish the effect of stress among various level of organization namely technical support, executives, sales and management. This study tries to identify the major causes and its impact on organization's performance and in the end tried to suggest few measures which might be useful for the managers to combat this new modern aliment.

Infrastructure development has a key role to play in both economic growth and poverty reduction. The importance of infrastructure sector also follows from the fact that foreign investors are now looking at infrastructural development as a yardstick for directing their investments Keeping in mind the importance of infrastructure sector in India, this paper deals with detailed meaning and different Indian Laws governing Infrastructure Companies.

Himachal Pradesh is also known as the land of god and goddess. It is situated in lap of western Himalaya and full of natural and cultural beauty. Budi Diwali fair is held on Maghar Amawasya for three days in Village Nirmand of Kullu district. It is associated with the battle of Mahabharta which is said to have started on that day. It is also associated to commemorate the killing of two demons Dano and Asur, who resided at Nirmand in the form of snake. It starts with a brief recital of Mahabharta and story of Raja Bali through folk songs. Present study is based on that how this Budi Diwali fair is celebrated, what are the religious beliefs behind it and why this is important to celebrate in Nirmand area.

Fire accident in building is a threatening one now a day. To find the reasons, frequency and giving protection to all type of buildings became challenges to the professionals. In this paper the statistical data of fire accidents of twelve years from 2000 to 2012 has been taken as survey, it is analyzed and discussed. This analysis directs the case study at kumbakonam of Tamil Nadu. The case study is concluded with conclusions. Passive Fire safety design recommendations are given to all types of buildings to improve the safety in future.

“ Education brings a gentle man, conversation completes him ” 1 The system of communication is commonly owned, accepted and recognized by the members of the community. It is essentially a social affair. There are three modes of communication which are generally used by people. Oral, written and gestures or signs.

Rakshak Fruit Fly Trap was found most effective to Bottle Fruit Fly Trap, trapped 35.18, 17.30 and 15.22 per cent more fruit flies during Kharif, Zaid and Rabi season, respectively. Methyl eugenol was most effective during Kharif and Zaid season but cue-lure was most effective during Rabi season. Maximum fruit flies were trapped during Zaid season. Bottle Fruit Fly Traps baited with methyl eugenol dispensed cotton wick and replenished at two month interval provide most economical and trapped 394.12 FFs on per rupee investment during Zaid season.

Sports are a psycho-social activity. It has both psychological and social dimensions beside sports are a psycho-social activity. Physical, physiological and technical aspect. Man's interest in sports is found in all societies of the world. Most of the nations have a common interest in sports competition, especially at certain times during the Olympic Games, where people from all nations focus their attention on the drams of competition. But the quality of participation of the athletes and sportsperson determined by psychological factor.

Agriculture has been the backbone of the India' economic system. It is the main source of economic livelihood for the majority of population of our country .The focus of the current agricultural policy of the country is to increase agricultural productivity. This will help in alleviating poverty in the country and sustaining employment in the sector. Agricultural inputs and related services are the basic requirements for agricultural sector. Raising the productivity of the crops, vegetables, and livestock depends on the quality farm inputs and services. Agribusiness is expected to be booming sector in the next decades. Agribusiness sector consists of businesses that supply farm inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, farm machineries, etc. as well as sales and distribution of farm produces and related services. An efficient delivery system for agricultural inputs and services can play a pivotal role in the agricultural productivity. Farmers and Agri-input dealers are experiencing difficulties in accessing and supplying the agricultural inputs. The constraint faced by farmers in accessing the farm inputs are mainly due poor distribution system in country. The timely availability of farm inputs and service is very much required if we want higher agricultural growth and welfare of farming community. The study tries to explore the existing marketing distribution network of farm inputs in the country. The paper also highlighted the recent changes that are happening in the Agri-input marketing. It also intends to suggest strategies and recommendations that can help in developing an efficient inputs and service delivery system for the farming communities.

Objective of the study is to examine the parenting style and achievement motivation of college students. Hypothesis: There will be no significant difference between parental acceptance college students and parental rejection college students dimension on achievement motivation. Sample: For the present study 100 Sample were belonging to Aurangabad, 100 college students was included among them 50 parental acceptance college students and 50 parental rejection college students. The age range of subjects was 18-25 years. Tools: 1) Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire constructed by Rohner R P., but the hindi adaptation by Dr. Jai Prakash (Sagar). 2) Deo-Mohan achievement motivation (n-Ach) scale developed by Dr. Pratibha Deo, and Asha Mohan. Result: Parental acceptance college students have significantly high achievement motivation than the parental rejection college students.

-Since Adam and Eve stepped on the Earth, it is language that played a vital role in shaping human civilizations through different ages. It is the means through which both the rulers and ruled, colonizers and colonized try to make their relevance in the changing world especially in post-colonial era. In this era writers from former colonies have made the colonizers language a tool for the sustenance of the native cum social practices. The English language being the language of once most powerful colonizer has now a days become a means of thought processes of the world intellectuals. Being internationally acknowledged, it has built a broad vision and scope for the interpretation of the meanings, ideas, and the concepts related to them. Therefore, writers like Salman Rusdie, Raja Rao as well as native speakers began to experiment with the English language to make it suitable for local needs.

Morphotaxonomic observations of juvenile stages and seedlings in Anisomeles ovata were observed upto 5th leaf stages. Morphological features of seedling like collet, hypocotyl, epicotyl, shape and arrangement of paracotyledons, leaf base, colour, phyllotaxy, number of veins etc. represent high level of constansy within taxon and, thus, have been found useful from taxonomic point of view in identification, conservation and eradication of taxa at juvenile stage.

This paper discusses the antenna power system supply side by side application from automotive digital satellite control system for communications, by using the micro controllers System for communications, by using the micro controllers MAX16948 model automotive dual, high voltage switch. The ADSCS application circuit provides a remote antenna power system and also starts one way communications from the radio unit block to remote antenna block. This type of Architecture provides flexibility in ADSCS frequency choice(1000 HZ to 300KHZ) which allows the user to select best frequency for their applications.

It is expected from educational institutions to provide opportunities to students not just to complete a course successfully but to empower them to be successful in their life to come. A teacher's success depends upon the nature and innovations in the training programme. In theory, teachers are reflective practitioners- professionals who are 'domain experts' in both subject content as well as the 'how' of teaching. Their role as professionals allows them to adapt to the needs of the classroom as they teach, innovating with teaching practice, pedagogical approaches, the design of teaching-learning material and similar such issues which collectively determine the quality of teaching and learning in the classroom. The NCF-2005, conceptualizes a very different role for the teacher i.e. someone who has agency and professional capacity for exercising autonomy. The kind of teacher that the NCF demands needs to be given time and resources to study and reflect on her or his own practice and on the world surrounding the schools. To compete as a successful teacher in the 21st century a teacher must adopt these skills so that they don't lag behind the pace of the changing world. However, there are several constraints as well. The present paper focuses upon the above mentioned aspects effectively and suggests some measures for its improvement.

Intertext has been a part of the poststructuralist literary discourse. The term is important in itself as it provides new insights in the study of literary texts and their production. Intertext has been widely discussed in the context of web of texts and their connections to other texts. This helps the reader improve his/ her understanding of the literary text availing him a wider periphery to locate his own meaning in it. The same technique may be used for understanding the whole process of creative writing. This paper attempts to address this forgotten side of relevance of study of intertextuality.

-The Manmohan Singh Doctrine is a manifestation of India's economic resurgence in an era of greater economic openness. The success of India's external liberalization and the reintegration of the Indian economy into the growth processes of East and Southeast Asian economies have played a vital role in the popular acceptance of the validity of the many postulates of this doctrine. For this reason, the continued relevance of the doctrine will be contingent upon India's continued pursuit of high economic growth within the framework of an open and increasingly globalize economy.

Present research paper is the investigation of effects of changes in the bitrate during data communication and number of host with a server host through an access point on wireless network throughput. Performance evaluation of wireless network is carried out using OMNeT++ Simulation environment. To investigate the problem we used OMNeT++ network simulation framework and Wireless- Host to Host application module from INET framework. Performance of the Wireless network is evaluated through server host throughput.

The present study includes documentation of geochemical characters of ultramafic rocks ranging in composition from pyroxenite to hornblendite and associated with mafic rocks along the North Puruliya Shear Zone. The geochemical signatures show a significant variation in major and trace element concentration and the magma type is tholeiitic in nature being deficient in potash. The tectonic setting discrimination diagrams together geochemical characterization suggest volcanic arc tectonic settings.

मिट्टी,लड़की या धातु निर्मिती किसी\ खोखल ढाँचे पर किसी खाल मढ़कर जब हाथ या किसी छाडी आदि के प्रहार द्वारा उसका वादन किया जाता है, तो उसे किसी अवनध्द वाद्य कहते है |इस श्रेणी के वाद्यो में तबला पखावज,ढोलक ,नाल,नक्कारा मुरज आदि के नाम लिए जा सकते है | चर्मोच्छादित होने के कारण इन्हे चर्मज भी कहा जाता है| एच.ए. पोपले ने अपनी पुस्तक “दम्यूजिक आँफ इंडीया” में अवनध्द वाद्यो की चर्चा करते हुए लिखा है कि भगवान शंकर ने त्रिपुरासुर विजय पर जो नृत्य किया था उसकी संगीत लिए ब्रह्मा ने एक अवनध्द वाद्य का निर्माण किया था | जिसका ढांचा मिट्टी का होने के कारण उसे मृदंग कहा गया |इस वाद्य को सर्व प्रथम बजाने का श्रेय गणेश जि का है|

Birds are the vital organisms in ecosystem which they are having with an important position in the animal kingdom. The present study deals with the diversity and check list of species of Aves in and around Solapur, Maharashtra, India. The work was carried out during the year 2011-2013. In this investigation 235 species belonging to 59 families are reported. And this is an updated investigation will give fruitful benefits for further study

The human rights issue is ever concern of mankind as so it is gathering a momentum. Dignity and self respect are the essence of human rights. Common threat to dignity and self respect is violation of human rights. Human rights are integral part of human beings. They are born with men, in the sense human beings get them by birth. Human rights as an expression may have a modern right to it, but as a concern it is as ancient as Plato and Aristotle when 'humanity' literally gaining grounds.

समाजात वावरताना हरवलेल्या व्यक्ति पहावयास मिळतात. काहीच्या शारीरिक तक्रारी असतात. कही जण शरीराने अत्यतं धडधाकट असतात पण, मनाने अत्यतं संवेदनशील,हळवे असतात. सुखी समाधानी जीवनसाठी फक्त शारीर तंदरुस्त असावे लागते असे नाही. शारीरिक आरोग्याबरोबर मानसिक आरोग्यदेखिल महत्वाचे मानले जाते.

Rural development has always been an important issue in all discussions pertaining to economic development, especially of developing countries, throughout the world. In the developing countries and some formerly communist societies, rural mass comprise a substantial majority of the population. Over 3.5 billion people live in the Asia and Pacific region and some 63% of them in rural areas. Although, millions of rural people have escaped poverty as a result of rural development in many Asian countries, a large majority of rural people continue to suffer from relentless poverty. Even after sixty-six years of independence, India is still a developing country. India is a rural based country, where 73 percent of the people live in habitations and nearly 260 million people live below poverty line. Rural development is one of the important missions for transforming India into a developed nation. Presently, there is a big gap between the urban and rural India in terms of basic civic amenities and employment. The present research paper is an attempt to analyze the crucial role for rural development by launching a project entitled “PURA” in several states of India such as Tripura, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Rajasthan by providing physical, electronic, knowledge, economic connectivities in rural areas by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).

The aim of the paper is to highlight the socio-economic status of the scheduled castes residing in border areas of the Jammu district. Among the various socially deprived classes, scheduled castes suffer from the dual disabilities of severe economic exploitation and social discrimination while they constitute near about 16 per cent of the total population in the country and about 7.37 per cent in the state of J&K. The present paper is based on primary as well as secondary data. Primary data is collected by using interview schedule. Secondary data is collected from the census of India, Annual Reports and Administrative guidelines of the Ministry, Government of India as well as from the classified data available with internet. Apart from these, books, journals, seminar papers, etc, formed the sources for the collection of secondary data for the present paper.

Operational efficiency of a company can be gauged using many parameters such as sales, Net profits and operating profits. Positive trend in sales, operating profits and net profits indicates better growth prospects for any firm and signposts its size and growth potentials. A list of Indian hotels which are topping the list based on value of sales has been collected and data pertaining to their sales, operating profits, net profits, assets structure, liabilities structure and working capital during the ten year period of 2004-13 has been collected from moneycontrol.com and analyzed using the Eviews statistical package, employing the statistical tool of Panel Data to assess the influence exerted by various factors on sales, net profits and operating profits. Results indicate that sales of Indian hotels is significantly affected by fixed assets and net worth and current liabilities, while fixed and current assets and current liabilities are influencing operating profits and fixed assets and current liabilities are influencing net profits while investments is exerting a negative impact.

"We see more evidence every day that yoga is a valuable tool for people of all ages to improve their quality of life."It is included in many health and wellness programs and the continuing growth of mind body awareness in our culture is positioning yoga as an important complement to today's healthcare.”

The Boros, a predominant group of the North-eastern part of India has a lot of traditional knowledge on the rites de passage, agriculture, handlooms and handicrafts, selection of plot for house construction, charms and incantations, customary laws and believes, fishing and hunting, songs, tales and others. Among this variety of traditional knowledge the knowledge on weather is considered to be very important and interesting. These peoples who are mostly dependent on nature have tried to observe, learn and know so many things from it and its surroundings. Their main livelihood is agriculture and they depend on weather for this job as they have no proper irrigation system for getting good harvest. For their agriculture e.g. for seedling, harvesting and other related matters whether the weather will be rainy or shiny they observe it from the sun, sky, different natural phenomenon, birds, animals, insects and even from their organs. Sun, bee, pigeon, fowl, goat, fox, and the days of first starting of the rain also occupy a prominent place in their traditional knowledge regarding weather, e.g. if before sunset so many clouds come in the form of rings along with the rays of the sun and go to the up it is believed that the coming days are going to be shiny for long days. This is known as burwi udwi zanai (becoming the belly of old woman) in Boro. When the ants go to the top in group it is believed that there will be a great flood very shortly. If the termite (white ant) grows feather and flies up then the coming of the rain within a short period or within few days is definite.

Emulgels have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual release control system, i.e. gel and emulsion. The main purpose of the present study was to develop and evaluate topical emulgel system for Fluconazole, antifungal agent, using different polymers namely Carbopol940, HPMC and Pluronic407. In addition, light liquid paraffin as oil, Tween-20 and Span-20 as emulsifiers and propylene glycol and ethyl alcohol as co-surfactant were selected for preparation of emulgel. The influence of the type of the gelling agent and the concentration of both the oil phase and emulsifying agent on the drug release from the prepared emulgels was investigated. The prepared emulgel were also characterized physically in term of color, phase separation, spreadability, pH, drug content and rheological properties. As well, permeation study through cellulose membrane, using a modified Franz diffusion cell, was performed. Candida albicans was used as a model fungus to evaluate the antifungal activity of the prepared formulae using commercially available topical Nizoral® cream as control. All prepared emulgel formulae showed acceptable physical properties, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, viscosity and pH value. Stability studies showed that the physical appearance, rheological properties, drug release, and antifungal activity in the selected emulgel formulae remained unchanged upon storage for three months. The Fluconazole release from all the emulgels was found to follow diffusion-controlled mechanism. Rheological studies revealed that the Fluconazole emulgels exhibited a shear-thinning behavior with thixotropy. It was found that the emulsifying agent concentration had the most obvious effect on the drug release from the emulgels followed by the oil phase concentration and finally the type of the gelling agent. As a general conclusion, it was suggested that the Fluconazole emulgel formulation F10 prepared with HPMC as gelling agent with the oil phase concentration in its low level and emulsifying agent concentration in its high level was the formula of choice since it showed the highest drug release and maximum antifungal activity

One of the most important features of the rural economy of India has been the growth in the number of agricultural workers, cultivators and agricultural labourers engaged in crop production. They usually get low wages, conditions of work put an excessive burden on them and the employment which they get is extremely irregular, hence they get unusually low wages for the work they are doing. The agricultural labourers live in poverty. There is a need to tackle these problems successfully through the more intensive programmes of development in order to improve the socio - economic conditions of agricultural labourers. Poverty alleviation is one of the prime objectives of planned economic development in India. The Government of United Progressive Alliance at the center made a commitment in its common minimum programme, that it would immediately enact an Employment Guarantee Act. The MGNREGS was notified on 7th September 2005.MGNREGS marks paradigm shift from previous wage employment programmes either planned or implemented in the history of India. MGNREGS aims to provide a steady source of income and livelihood security for the poor, vulnerable and marginalized. The MGNREGS has led to an increase in agriculture wage rate. The wage effect equal for both men and women and is in favour of unskilled labourers.

-Inclusive green growth is not a new paradigm. In the face of crusading economic and environmental challenges, national and international efforts to promote green growth as a new source of growth have been intensifying in the recent decade. Building on this momentum can help to accelerate progress towards sustainable development and poverty reduction. The approach attempts to harmonize economic growth with environmental sustainability, while improving the eco-efficiency of economic growth and enhancing the synergies between environment and economy. Green growth attracted significant attention as a way out of today's economic doldrums in the aftermath of the financial crisis.

The present study on ichthyofaunal biodiversity of a Kusheshwar sthan chaurs was carried out from June 2013 to may 2014, for a period of one year. Fishes are very important from the biodiversity point of view. Therefore, during the present investigation, fishes were collected and identified. The aim of this study was to reveal the faunistic diversity of fish species in this lake. The various fishes collected from this lake are found to be very common in respect of other lentic and lotic water bodies of Darbhanga and are represented by 9 orders, 18 families, 27 genera and 50 species. The family Cyprinidae was observed as the most abundant of all, consisting of 50 species are recorded, genus Puntius was the dominant, followed by carps, Murrals, and cat fishes.

The purpose of study was to understand the effect of locus of control of college teachers on their job satisfaction. A sample of 150 teachers was selected from the different colleges of Gulbarga city in Karnataka, India. The tools used were locus of control scale and job satisfaction scale. The different statistical techniques like Pearson's product moment coefficient of correlation, Mean, Standard error of difference between means and t- test were used for the study. The study reveals a significant relationship between locus of control and job satisfaction of college teachers. Among male and female teachers, male teachers with high job satisfaction possess a better locus of control as compared to female college teachers with high job satisfaction.

-This article strives to understand the rise of religious controversies and their relationship with politics and society, a detailed analysis trying to know the reasons and impact of identity politics on the public life, social scenario, Indian integration, political system, democracy and on its secular nature, the analyses of formation of new states based on language, the role of government in provoking identity politics by making partial reservations, policies and how political parties are using their religious, linguistic, ethnic, caste identities to gain political powers without far sighting its impact on Indian people which is the homeland of diversities has been attempted. “We can build upon the contributions of cultural studies to dispose of the idea that identity is an absolute and to find the courage necessary to argue that identity formation – even body-coded ethnic and gender identity – is a chaotic process that can have no end. In this way, we may be able to make cultural identity a premise of political action rather than a substitute for it”.

In the past few years, thousands of companies have gone bankrupt and out of competition due to intense market competition and inefficient management. To assess bankruptcy cost most researchers have used direct expenses such as administrative expenses and indirect type like nonoperational expenses. Franks andTorous 1989, Thorburn 2000, Bebchuk 2002, Bris et al. 2006, Whited 2007). In economy arguments are based on that competition is an excellent mechanism for resource allocation in the market and has a disciplinary effect on managers' behavior and their insufficiency (Markarian and Santaló 2010). So Gyrvd and Mueller (2008 and 2009) discussed the issue of how corporate governance mechanisms will rush to their aid when markets are in danger of liquidation.

This paper proposes the application of Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm based Weighted Additive Fuzzy Goal Programming (WAFGP) in solving a Multi objective Optimal Power Flow (MOPF) problem. The multiple objectives considered are maximizing the loadability, minimizing the total real power loss and minimizing the overall system cost which comprises of installation cost of FACTS devices and generation fuel cost. The optimal solution for this MOPF problem is obtained by optimally sizing and placing a Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) in the power system. The constraints considered in this MOPF are the generators’ real and reactive power limits and their voltage limits, transmission lines’ loading capability limits, TCSC limits along with system’s equality and inequality constraints. The Line Stability Index (LSI) is used to determine the critically loaded transmission lines in the power system. IEEE 30 bus system is used for testing and validating the results.

संगीत संस्कृति का विशेष अंग है, वादन एवं नृत्य उसके प्रमुख घटक है| जो रचनात्मकता से अभिभुत हो रचनात्मक का ही प्रचार कर, अपनी संस्कृति की अस्मित को उज्ज्वल बनाता है| भारतीय शास्त्रीय संगीत का भी प्रभाव ऐसा ही है | आधुनिक एवं वैज्ञानिक युग में संगीत के माध्याम से विभिन्न देश और उनकी संस्क्रुतियाँ भौगोलिक सीमाओं को तोडकर अपना प्रभाव दिखा रही है| विशेषत: संगीत कला अंतरराष्ट्रीय स्तर पर आधुनिकता का पुट लिये हुए विशेष भूमिका निभाती है, जिससे परंपरा कभी भि धुमिल नहीं हो पाती, साथ हि संस्कृति का सममिलन आधुनिक युग की आवशयकता बन गया है|

Morphology is the study of internal structure of words - Katamba, Francis. (1993). A word is a meaningful linguistic unit which can be simplex or complex. A simplex word consists of only one part such as happy, man, child, etc., which is able to 'stand alone' as a word on its own. Such a part is linguistically called free morpheme. A complex word consists of at least two parts: a base and an additional part. The additional parts such as re- in rewrite, im- in impossible, dis- in disappear, etc. can be added in front of the base, and then called prefixes; or can be added at the end of the base like -ish in boyish, -ness in happiness, -ity in purity, etc. and then called suffixes. Here, the base is the free morpheme; and the prefixes and suffixes are called affixes which are known as bound morphemes because they 'cannot function' as words on their own, and must combine with some other morpheme, constituting part of a complex word.

A study of the effectiveness of Distance Education Programme broadcasted at primary school level through BISAG by GCERT has been dealt with in this paper. 100 students from Patadi taluka's schools were included in this research as a sample of the study by using random sampling technique. Multiple objective type tests prepared by GCERT were used as a tool to collect the required data. 't' test statistical technique was used for data analysis. It is concluded that distance education programme has been proved to be effective to enhance the quality of primary education

The present study was aimed to find out the effect of academic stress and peer group influence on depression among adolescents. A sample of 300 adolescents was selected by using stratified random sampling technique. For the data collection Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 1996), Scale of Academic Stress (Bisht, 1995) and Peer Group Influence Inventory (developed by investigator) were used. For the analysis of data statistical techniques like 2X2 Analysis of Variance and t-test were used. Results of the present study demonstrated that adolescents with high and low academic stress showed significant difference on depression and it was favoured by high academic stress group. Adolescents with high and low peer group influence showed no significant difference on depression. Also, no significant interaction effect was observed between academic stress and peer group influence to yield a difference in depression scores of adolescents. The results demonstrated that academic stress had significant effect on depression but peer group influence did not affect the depression level of adolescents.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have emerged as a dynamic and vibrant sector of the Indian economy. They have been playing a significant role in the economic and social development of the country. Over the years, these small enterprises have evolved as leaders in the industrial sector in India. They have great potential in terms of production, export and generation of sustainable employment opportunities. In recognition of their significance and stature, the Government has introduced the “Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006”, which aims to facilitate the promotion and development and to enhance the competitiveness of MSMEs. In this context, the Cluster approach is one of the thrust areas of the Ministry in the Eleventh Plan. The Barpeta Cane and Bamboo Craft Cluster is one such approved cluster under the Ministry of MSME. The recognition of the five villages, namely, Raipur, Bhaluki, Joshihatigaon, Charjoshihati and Dhupguri as the Barpeta Cluster has been instrumental in the socio-economic upliftment of this entire area. Hence, this paper attempts to examine the contribution of the Barpeta Cane and Bamboo Craft Cluster in the economic development and to throw light on the Government initiatives and actions for the promotion and development of this cluster. The study is based on both primary and secondary data.

The Structure of Scientific Revolution by Thomas Kuhn is probably the best known post-war endeavour to bring the notion of historicity to the understanding of process of development of science. It has been widely influential and has brought a long set of admirers and critics. It is considered as heralding a critique of development of science in post-positivist and non-continuiest form. In many ways, it is a part of other endeavours that rejected the grand linear process of scientific development and discoveries. Part of the reason for the enthusiastic response to The Structure was due to the ongoing debate between those who considered the development of science as an evolutionary process, and those who saw it as a discontinuous process devoid of any goal. Kuhn was not the first and last to argue that the development of science is a discontinuous process. We will make an attempt to show that Kuhn's attempt of historicizing the development of science creates an ahistorical understanding of science which is devoid of its historical milieu. He anachronistically applied and normalized the capitalist division of scientists as constituting a separate body of thinkers from non-scientists and tended to apply this division seamlessly across history. This, I think, creates a problem in sustaining his argument for the periods when such distinction did not exist. Moreover I will also seek to show that Kuhn not simply remains unsuccessful in historicizing science but also remains oblivious of his own historical location. He becomes part of a group of scholars who take the reified understanding of science as yet another belief system of any kind.

The Boros, a predominant group of the North-eastern part of India has a lot of traditional knowledge on the rites de passage, agriculture, handlooms and handicrafts, selection of plot for house construction, charms and incantations, customary laws and believes, fishing and hunting, songs, tales and others. Among this variety of traditional knowledge the knowledge on weather is considered to be very important and interesting. These peoples who are mostly dependent on nature have tried to observe, learn and know so many things from it and its surroundings. Their main livelihood is agriculture and they depend on weather for this job as they have no proper irrigation system for getting good harvest. For their agriculture e.g. for seedling, harvesting and other related matters whether the weather will be rainy or shiny they observe it from the sun, sky, different natural phenomenon, birds, animals, insects and even from their organs. Sun, bee, pigeon, fowl, goat, fox, and the days of first starting of the rain also occupy a prominent place in their traditional knowledge regarding weather, e.g. if before sunset so many clouds come in the form of rings along with the rays of the sun and go to the up it is believed that the coming days are going to be shiny for long days. This is known as burwi udwi zanai (becoming the belly of old woman) in Boro. When the ants go to the top in group it is believed that there will be a great flood very shortly. If the termite (white ant) grows feather and flies up then the coming of the rain within a short period or within few days is definite.

A modified ratio estimator is proposed for ratio of two population means using auxiliary information in stratified random sampling. Bias and mean square error expression are obtained and the proposed estimator is compared theoretically and empirically with classical estimator.

The Pratap Sagar pond is the famous pond of Chhatarpur district, M.P. monitoring of physicochemical analysis of water was carried out monthly during January 2012 to June 2012. The parameters investigated Depth Colour, Odour, water temperature, pH, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solid, alkalinity, D.O, Total hardness, Calcium hardness ,Magnesium hardness. The water samples were analyzed using standard methods for examination of water and waste water (APHA, AWWA,1995). The present study indicates that the Pratap Sagar pond is not good. The unmanaged and unwanted activities of surrounding population of the area are deteriorating the pond water quality continuously.

Executive Summary Microfinance has evolved over the past quarter century across India into various operating forms and to a varying degree of success. One such form of microfinance has been the development of the self-help movement. Based on the concept of “self-help,” small groups of women have formed into groups of ten to twenty and operate a savings-first business model whereby the member's savings are used to fund loans. The results from these self-help groups (SHGs) are promising and have become a focus of intense examination as it is proving to be an effective method of poverty reduction. This paper examines the SHG operating model, the state of SHGs today, their impact on civil society and how they need to be supported going forward.

Geomorphological mapping and necessary supporting data are crucial to developing countries that are usually under severe environmental and demographic strains. Approaches and methods to map the variability of natural resources are important tools to properly guide spatial planning. In this paper a comprehensive and flexible new geomorphological combination legend that expands the possibilities of current geomorphological mapping concepts. The piece-by-piece legend forms a “geomorphological alphabet” that offers a high diversity of geomorphological information and a possibility for numerous combinations of information. This results in a scientific map that is rich in data and which is more informative than most previous maps but is based on a simple legend. The system is developed to also be used as a basis for applications in GIS. The symbol-based information in the geomorphological maps can be digitally stored as a powerful database with thematic layers and attribute tables. By combining and further developing aspects of different classical mapping systems and techniques into expanded data combinations, new possibilities of presentation and storage are developed and thus a strong scientific tool is provided for landscape configuration and the reconstruction of its development; in turn the combination paves the way for specific thematic applications. This paper demonstrates a systematic approach for the identification of landforms and structures in Mahesh river basin where conventional field based methods are difficult to adopt due to terrain inaccessibility. The geomorphological parameters of the study area using Multispectral Satellite Data (LISS-III and TM) and interpretation techniques were used by means of ARC-GIS 10.1 and ERDAS IMAGINE 11 Software which aided a better option for visualizing the terrain and mapping.Now, new trends have emerged that integrate field work with modern technologies such as GIS, GPS, remote sensing and elevation models, which further strengthens the study of relationship between the land-forms and the processes that created them.

The present study was aimed to construct, develop and standardize Ecological Intelligence Scale (EIS). Investigators outlined the dimensions of ecological intelligence with a thorough reading of the literature and after analyzing the content framed 287 items related to the determined dimensions. After first tryout and seeking the opinion of the experts some of the items were reframed and deleted. After second tryout on a sample of 400 students of Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus Almora 120 items were retained in the questionnaire. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined by split half method and that came out to be 0.95 that determines that EIS is a highly reliable tool. Due procedure was followed to ensure face validity, content validity and item validity of the tool.

The Jatakas, comprising a collection of around 550 stories, constitute a significant part of the Buddhist tradition .These narratives which have by and large been regarded as derived from folk tales give us a glimpse of everyday life in ancient India. As such they have been regarded as the closest approximation to “popular” among ancient Indian historical sources (Roy 1996). Notwithstanding, the use of the Jataka literature as a source of history has been problematic because of the obvious issue of their narrative nature and also the difficulty of chronologically arranging its various layers. While the core of the narratives was widely known by the third century BC, by which time they were being sculpturally represented on Buddhist monuments, some of the Jataka stories were available in Chinese versions by the middle of the third century A.D., and, by roughly the middle of the sixth century AD, an elaborate commentary linking up various parts of the narratives, which was itself inherited as part of the Jataka legends from earlier times, had been finalized (Chakravarti 1993).

Past repeats itself, time and again, in the shape of the historical fiction. A historical novel is a colourful canvass on which characters, both real and imaginary, are constructed. Siobhan Lyons says,“Because history can be seen to be a malleable artefact, it proves to be a most useful tool to employ when writing fiction. And because history is often chaotic, fiction can be seen as perhaps the only way to approach it. By fictionalizing it, to an extent, a writer admits to his/her own limitations in constructing the past via the present context”(WEB).In the historical novels, previously existing characters, incidents and circumstances re-emerge and are reinterpreted through the intellectual machinations of the novelists. Of these, the few novels which came out in the 1960's and 70's, such as Khushwant Singh's Train to Pakistan(1961) or, more famously,ChamanNahal'sAzadi(1975) bore the responsibility of describing the fratricidal violenceat the time of the partition of India in 1947. Regarding the bifurcation of India, Gandhiji declares,“the vivisection of India is like the vivisection of my own body”, Nehru says that by “cutting of the head we will get rid of the headache”, whereas Jinnah endorses partition comparing it to “a surgicaloperation”. Hence K. R. SrinivasaIyenger aptly opines, “The leaders had sowed the wind of communal suspicion and partition was the result; like a whirlwind, the mad act of partition was uprooting masses of humanity, mangling them and throwing them across the border heap after heap”(498).

The social status has much importance for the individual. Social Status is the positionof an individual within social relationships. An individual wins respect in society by virtue of his social status. Every Social status is recognizable from symbols of respect. The individual gets many direct & indirect advantages from social status. When we think about individual's social status we should first think about moral behavior & moral conduct of that individual. Childhood is an important stage in individuals life. So we should first consider morality about children

Problem based learning is an instructional strategy that has gained much support in the west. The main advantage of this method lies in its motivational value as also application to real life situation. In this research a study of effectiveness of Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in comparison to Lecture Based Learning (LBL) method was undertaken. Two courses of first year undergraduate program following Problem based learning were compared with two courses following lecture based learning. Thus two-groups post test design was followed. Three variables were studied namely Attitude; performance; and study habits of students. Attitude towards the course was measured using the Course Interest Survey by Keller J (1995). A comparison was made between attitude of students in PBL and those in LBL. A t test was done and the t-value revealed that students in PBL had a significantly favourable attitude towards their course. Performance of students was measured in terms of scores obtained in examination requiring recall of information. A comparison was made between performance of students in PBL and students in LBL over past four years. The t-test done revealed a significantly higher performance of students in PBL method.

साहित्य को मानवीय स्वभाव एवं क्रिया कलाप का विश्लेष्ण एक तरह से उसका मनोवैज्ञानिक अनुसन्धान ही कहा जाए तो इसमे कीई त्योत्की न होगी| दुसरे शब्दों में कह सकते है कि साहित्य भी मानवीय विचरो एवं क्रियाकलापों का मनोवैज्ञानिक अन्वेषण ही है |

OBJECTIVE: To identify maternal knowledge, attitude and practice about immunization and to determine maternal characteristics and the determinants of full immunization status among respondents of children aged five years. MATERIAL & METHODS: A cross sectional survey by random sampling technique. 250 working and non-working mothers having children below 5 year of age were chosen for the study. Bareilly city was intentionally chosen for the convenience of the researcher. RESULTS: From total 250 mothers 28.66% house wives and 45.57% working women completely immunized their children whereas 71.34% house wives & 54.43% working women partially immunized their children. Gender bias was an importent factor among families for complete immunization but not very significant. Economic status also played significant role as higher economic status was found positive co-relation with complete immunization. Significant difference was found between educated and uneducated mothers with reference to complete immunization of their children. The paramedical workers were found to be the major source of information to the attendants of completely and partially immunized Community leader, T.V. Radio and relative on the other hand were found to be the most important source of information among partially immunized children. A favorable Attitude towards the immunization programme was expressed a positive attitude was significantly highly associated with better immunization status.30.58% were fully immunized & 62.42% partially immunized than negative attitude. CONCLUSION: Mother's education residence and job as well as child's gender affect complete immunization but not very significantly on the other hand negative attitudes and fake beliefs played significant role in complete immunization status of children. This signifies the incomplete knowledge and inappropriate practice of the people affect complete immunization to a great extent. Extra efforts are needed to raise knowledge and break the old beliefs of the people .Appropriate information dissemination, aggressive campaigning and family involvement are crucial to the success of the progamme.

Socio-Economic Status is one of the key factors which has been studied extensively in behavioural sciences research. It has been observed that SES as an independent variable has a greater impact on dependent variable i.e., performance of an individual. Behavioural component have grater bearing on socio-economic conditions of the individual. It has been conclusively proved that SES is one of the main correlates of behavioural component.

शेती विकास ही मुळ संकल्पना गुतागुतिची असून आतरसंबंधातील चलाचा प्रभाव एखाद्या क्षेत्रावरील शेती उत्पादनशिलतेवर भर पडतो. परंतू काही चलाचा प्रभाव पडत नाही. तसेच विकास हा विशिष्ट क्षेत्रातील फक्त पिक उत्पादनतेच्या पातळीवर अवलबून असते. त्यासाठीविशिष्ट अभ्यासत्मक कसोटी निवडून व अनेक घटकाचा आधार घेऊन शेतीचा विकास प्रारुपाचा माडणी करणे आवश्यक ठरते . अभिक्षेत्र ण त्यातील वस्तू म्हणजे शेती विकासात होणारा बदल पाहण्याकरिता आसाम मधील शेती विकासाच्या पातळीवरील काही नैसर्गिक घटकामुळे विषमता आढळून येते पश्चिम विदर्भातील दरवार्षिक जमीन उपयोगामध्ये बदलावरून असे स्पष्ट होते की,विभागात शेतीचा विकास का काही भागात जास्त तर काही भागात कमी झाला आहे. ज्या भागामध्ये कमी विकास झाला आहे तेथे जास्ती जास्त आत्म्हत्येच्ये प्रमाणही दिसून येतात अशा भागात सरकरनी विशिष्ट भागात लक्ष देऊन शेतीचा विकास वाढवायला पाहिजे म्हणजे विदर्भ संपन्न होऊ शकते.

Java is an object-oriented programming language with a built-in application programming interface (API) that can handle graphics and user interfaces and that can be used to create applications or applets. Because of its rich set of API's, similar to Macintosh and Windows, and its platform independence, Java can also be thought of as a platform in itself. Java also has standard libraries for doing mathematics. Java Runtime Environment provides runtime environment to execute java byte code. JVM are most often implemented to run on existing operation system.

Kashmir - The paradise on Earth - Natures grand finale of beauty is a master piece of earth's creation of charm and loveliness. Kashmir is known for a number of unique things like its a Ice caped mountains, Kashmiri handicraft, its beautiful lakes and different health resorts. In addition it is also known for the growing terrorism throughout the world. Terrorism in Kashmir is almost 24 Years old now and has likeness to continue in future. It has a history long enough to be traced from the date when the partition was forced resulting in the emergence of two nations - Pakistan and India. After the subcontinent freed itself from the colonial rule of British Empire.

Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in school children worldwide, with social and academic functioning impairments and persistence into adulthood that appears to be more in boys than in girls (3:1). While CNS stimulants are the first line of treatment, improving up to 70-90% cases, their use had created controversies questioning their risks. Gender mind treatment criteria to test differences in response, side effects profile, dose of response, and dosing schedule were the aims of the current work. Consenting 21 males and 10 females have participated in the study, with mean age of 8.2+3, 8.4+2.2 years respectively, 100.8, 106.5 IQ respectively and no chronic comorbid physical or mental contra indications. They were screened by diagnostic tools (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Stanford Binet and Wechster Intelligence Scales, Vigil Continuous Performance Test, Conner's Parent and Teacher Rating Scales, and Stimulants Side effects Rating Scale). The dosage of the selected stimulant (Methylphenidate) was estimated based on the subjects' weight (0.75, 0.76 mg/kg respectively). Short-term follow-up of 6 weeks reevaluated improvement and side effects developed. Combined type of ADHD was the most prevailing variant, with higher severity in females, namely inattention, reflected in particular on Teacher Rating Scale of Conner. In the noted marked improvement, there were undetected statistically significant gender differences, however in the individual symptoms females recorded less improvement and showed more talk less and less interest as side effects. Conclusive evidences for the role of gender in ADHD require by passing methodological limitations as well as confounding factors.

भारतीय संस्कृति की गहन, गम्भीर एवं अनन्त रश्मियाँअनन्त कल से राष्ट्रों को ज्ञान का अनन्त आलोक प्रदानकर प्रकाशित करती रही है और विश्व पटल पर संस्कृति का प्रभाव सर्वदा नभ-छत्र की भान्ति वर्तमान है | यह कथन अपने अन्दर उतनी ही सच्चाई लिए हुए है,जितनी इस कथन में है की भगवान संस्कार भर के लिए अलोक-पुंज है|

विदर्भातील पर्जन्याचे वितरण व प्रमुख पिकाच्या आकृतीबंधांच्या अध्यानवरून असे लक्षात येते की नैॠत्य मोसमी वार्यापासून होणारया पर्जन्याचे प्रमाण विदर्भात पूर्वेस व वायव्येस सर्वाधिक आहे तर इतरत्र सर्वसाधारण स्वरूपाचे आहे . पर्जन्याचा विचलनाचा पिकाच्या आकृतीबंधावर परिणाम होतो.

Corporate governance has a very vital role and significance due to globalization and liberalization. Corporate governance is "the system by which companies are directed and controlled". Corporate Governance can be understood as the act of balancing conflicting interests of different stakeholders. it covers a variety of aspects such as protection of shareholders' rights, enhancing the shareholders' value, issues concerning the composition and role of the Board of directors, deciding the disclosure requirements, prescribing the accounting systems, putting in place effective monitoring mechanism etc. This paper examines the practices of corporate governance attributes in banking sector and how they adhere to corporate governance practices.

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship of anthropometric and physiological variables to Kabaddi playing ability. To achieve the objectives of the study four anthropometric and four physiological variables were selected as independent variables and playing ability as dependent variable, which was assessed through subjective rating by three experts during the tournaments. Forty men Kabaddi players took part in the Tamil Nadu Physical Education and Sports University Inter-Collegiate Kabaddi tournaments in the 2013-2014 sessions were selected as subjects. Pearson's product moment correlation (Zero order) was used as a statistical tool to find out the result of the study and significant level was fixed at 0.05. The result of the study reveals that the selected anthropometric variables of height, weight, arm length and leg length and the physiological variables of resting heart rate, breath holding time, and vital capacity were significant relationship with Kababdi playing ability and only respiratory rate was not significant relationship with Kabaddi playing ability