The study was intended to find out the Attitude towards M-Learning of B.Ed.Trainees in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India. Random Sampling Technique was used to compose a sample of 600 B.Ed. Trainees. Mean, Standard Deviation and t values were calculated for the analysis of data. The result revealed that the Gender, Locality had no significant difference but, Subject group, Residence and Internet users exhibited significant difference in respect of their Attitude towards M-Learning of B.Ed. Trainees.

The word 'exile' when used as a verb means 'to banish from a country' and when used as a noun means 'a person who has been banished from a country 'They reflect the general disillusionment that resulted from the two world wars and man's feeling of a stranger spiritually isolated in an estranged iniverse.Works of the twentieth century deal with fragmentation of the social order , sense of Void , and meaninglessness of endeavour , absurdity of man's situation(Joshy VI). As Camus says in his 'The Myth of Sisyphus '(1942), “In a universe that is suddenly deprived of illusions and of light , man feels a stranger. He is an irremedial exile.

We live in a time of permanent and rapid change, our goal must be rethink the rules of the game in a forward looking manner, in order to review tomorrow agenda. We all need to be creative (inventive/adaptive) in a world that is constantly changing: a world that requires us also to change/adapt. According to Ray Hammond There are six key drivers of change which will shape the world are;1- World Population Explosion and Changing Societal Demographics; 2- Climate Change and the Environment; 3- The Looming Energy Crisis; 4- Expanding Globalisation; 5- Accelerating, Exponential Technology Development; 6- The 'Prevent-Extend' Model in Medicine (Disease Prevention and Longevity). Due to this there is indispensible role of creativity in mathematics as science for the solution of future problems. If we have the tools to be creative and to innovate, we will have a much better chance of succeeding no matter how the world changes.

This study is meant to be an exploratory study which intends to point out whether there is any difference between the usage of internet among Arab and Non-Arab students, Moreover, it intends to investigate the possible similarities of internet usage purpose, as well as to find out whether there is need University Utara Malaysia to improve the ability of internet usage of postgraduate students of UUM. This study is conducted among postgraduate students who are registered at University Utara Malaysia regardless of the students' educational background, current field of study or social class position as long as they are taking postgraduate studies. The study found that the popularity of internet as major source of information is adequately higher than its written counterpart. The internet as research tool can be competitor of printed academic sources, which indicates that the written academic sources need promotion and protection from universities.

Service sector has become important for many economies in the world and very significant particularly for India. India's growth story rests in service sector. The vibrant health sector being a component of service sector is on a high growth trajectory propelled by unparalleled domestic growth, increasing public awareness and growing global interest in India's delivery capabilities. The governments focus on making healthcare a priority sector, increasing penetration of health insurance, rising per capita income and increased incidence of lifestyle related diseases is resulting in an increase in the patient base.According to industry estimates, over nest 6 years about US$ 78 billion worth of investment would be required in the Indian healthcare sector. However, the government spending in the healthcare sector still lags behind when compared to other developing nations.

“All human beings are born free and equal in dignjity and rights”. So stated Article 1 of the United Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. This is what the Ineoans have been preaching since times immemorial as it has became the immemorial customs of our nation. Human Rights are a fundamental value. The contemporary conception of human rights has historical roots. Rousseau, Socrates,and Plato in the West, and in the East Lord Budha, Lord Mahavir to, Mahtma Gandhi, Aurvindo and Dr.Babasheb Ambedkar and others in India have enunciated principles of human rights. Human rights could get a general angle to good and moral instruction. Furthermore we in our isolated social orders are in extraordinary need of this. In the connection of quick secularization we could in any case hold a fundamental shared conviction for admiration for one another. We could even now be our sibling’s attendants and withstand esteem frameworks which just push childish lifestyles.

Microorganisms also practice community living and form biofilms developed on preferred surfaces. The sessile and planktonic organisms show differences in hydrophobicity as determined by the BATH index. The saccharides of the EPS produced was determined using the phenol-sulphuric acid method and Rhamnolipids using the Orcinol method. Dye released from stained biofilms is also indicative of the density of the biofilm. Motility was reduced on formation of cell aggregates in mature biofilms. The extent of light penetration through the biofilms indicates the extent of stacking, its cohesive or incrusting nature, determined using a light meter. Chromium has wide industrial use and hexavalent chromate is toxic on account of its higher solubility. Among the different processes and approaches being used by microorganisms for chromate remediation, the use of biofilms may be a good alternative for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. Chromate uptake was studied in suspended or free living daughter cells that have originated out of a single mature biofilm. FTIR spectra of loaded and unloaded biomass can be used to determine the functional groups responsible for biosorption of chromium.

Manju Kapur's 'A Married Woman' begins with the opening line of the book “Astha was brought up properly, as befits a woman, with large supplements of fear” (P-1) speaking about the different phases in the life of a woman in pre and post – marriage. Manju Kapur has very cleverly, with deep insight captured the heroine, Astha's growing up years….Simultaneously, she also depicts the gripping political situation with the same fervor, as she describes Astha's action and inner turmoil.

Manju Kapur's 'A Married Woman' begins with the opening line of the book “Astha was brought up properly, as befits a woman, with large supplements of fear” (P-1) speaking about the different phases in the life of a woman in pre and post – marriage. Manju Kapur has very cleverly, with deep insight captured the heroine, Astha's growing up years….Simultaneously, she also depicts the gripping political situation with the same fervor, as she describes Astha's action and inner turmoil.

Shakuntala Devi says both the husband and the wife have to develop self-control and a high sense of responsibility. They have to realize that human nature being what it is,temperamental differences are bound to arise now and then in daily life, and they can not get rid of by divorce and a second marriage. Happiness in family is possible only if the husband and the wife are prepared to make great sacrifices in order to accommodate themselves to each other. Divorce should be the last remedy in very exceptional cases.

The present paper titled “Light of Awareness in ShashiDeshpande's The Dark Holds No Terror” tries to define 'Self' with a philosophical outlook.In Indian Philosophy man is accountable for man ----“it has its interests in the haunts of men and not in supralunar solitudes; 'AtmanamViddhi', know the self, sums up the law and the prophets. Within man in the spirit that is the center of everything”.Saru had a very bad childhood due to her mother, who symbolizes a submissive figure of patriarchy.Sankaracharya in explaining on the Vedanta Sutras says “anything beside the supreme self is illusory . . . the world is created by maya the inscrutable power of the Lord, and is therefore unreal” and again “duality is an illusion and non-duality is Ultimate Reality”. Saru lives and grows within the oppositional structures of freedom and bondage, domination and resistance, a space within which she negotiates, accepts, and defies the norms of family and society. Saru is a neglected child without mother's nurturing care.

Stress is not a new word to the people of anytime and of any society with any background. Now a days in this fast changing society it is commonly used and playing vital role with all age groups of people more or less equally and ruling all over the world.

The theory of multiple intelligences holds the premise that more students can be reached effectively, if their different intelligences are considered while designing curriculum, instruction, and assessment. It is global digital age bombarded by mobile phones, videogames, computers, internet, and the like. So it is illogical to measure intelligence today through tests that primarily focus on verbal-linguistic and logical-mathematical abilities only. Therefore, it is inevitable here to conceptualize “multiple intelligences” in the present educational scenario.

Aluminium Silicon eutectic alloy called LM-6 contains 10 to 13% of Silicon by weight. It has good casting properties such as high strength to weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. So this alloy finds application in automobile, aircraft and marine industries. In this project work, modifier is added to improve the mechanical properties of LM-6 alloy such as tensile strength, fluidity and also the variation in porosity distribution.Modification is a chemical treatment of metal in molten condition which is done along with fluxing, grain refining and degassing. Therefore LM-6 alloy can be strengthened by modification. These properties of LM-6 alloy with modification and without modification are also compared in this project. Test results reveal that modification enhances strength of LM-6 alloy considerably and also it reduces porosity. A small amount of reduction is noted in fluidity,while increasing the addition of modifier.

Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most ancient cultivated crops among the legumes. It is commonly used for human nutrition, animal feed and soil fertility. Seeds of two local dwarf varieties of kidney bean, B1-Local and B2-Local were subjected to different concentrations (0.1%, 0.3 %, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) of sodium azide (SA). Effects of chemical mutagen were evaluated for seed germination, plant survival, plant height, number of branch per plant; number of leaves/plant in both the varieties. The mutagen treated seeds as well as the control of both the varieties were planted in the experimental field following randomized block design (RBD) layout to raise the first mutant (M1) generation. Sodium azide concentration at 1.0% and above was lethal for both the varieties. Seedling survival was highly reduced in both the varieties (upto 68.75%). Seedling height, number of leaves/plant and number of branch/plant showed inter and intra varietal differential response.

Executive Summary : The factors causing stress in a person are called stressors. The common stressors on employees may generate action from individuals, groups and organizational sources. Individual, group and organizational stressors constitute work stressors, whereas extra – organizational stressors refer to non-work stressors. In this research major factors that causes stress to Assistant Librarians in private educational institutions were identified. The study is a descriptive in nature. Primary data collected with the help of structured questionnaire which is administrated among Assistant Librarians of self financing arts and sciences colleges in Tiruchirappalli District in Tamilnadu. Method adopted to collect the data is convenient sampling. Sample size is 105 respondents from 38 colleges and it was used for analysis after deletion of biased and non responsive questionnaires. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) some of the relevant statistical tools were used 1) Factor Analysis 2) Multiple Regression and 3) Reliability test. Based on the test results some of the findings were derived that will be relevant to present Indian scenario.

Among heavy metals cadmium is of great concern since it is more toxic to aquatic organism such as fishes etc. which are important components of food chain. The toxicity of cadmium to the fish Rasbora- daniconius for 24h was tested according to the OECD (1992) guidelines No. 203. The toxicity 24h (Lc5o) of cadmium chloride (Cdcl2 2 ^ H2O) was found to be 110 ppm for R- daniconius. Bioaccumulation of cadmium in gills, intestine and tail muscles of the fish R- daniconius was analyzed using Pc based AAS. The fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentration (20ppm) of cadmium chloride for 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h. It was observed that the trend of degree of accumulation of cadmium in different tissues was as follows gills> intestine> muscles. Cadmium appeared to be toxic to fish.

Once, District Poonch was consisting four Tehsils viz Haveli, Mendhar, Sadhnuti and Bagh. The partition of 1947 bifurcates, this district into two, Tehsil Sadnuti and bulknof the portion of the Tehsil Bagh goes into the Pak administered Kashmir. This side left with Tehsil Mendher and Hevali. Now, District Poonch has three Thehsils (Sub District Headquarters) viz Surankote, Mendher and Heavli. This hilly region has still many sites of tourist's interest, which can be explored for the development of region and people living aside. Therefore, this study is an extension of another study, and it is purposely undertaken to know the awareness, past experience and preference of tourists regarding tourist's sites of the District Poonch.

Present computer provides opportunities and challenges for innovations in curriculum development and evaluation. Computer assisted instruction is a powerful tool for the teacher and the students in the instructional process. It helps the teacher to devote his time for more creative activities where the teachers can clearly plan the objectives contents, and skills to be achieved through the programme. CAI provides wide scope to drill, practice and reviews of these learning materials ideas and concepts for the learness. The present problem studies the effectiveness of CAI among the College students of Odisha and to find out the relationship between attitude of students towards CAI and the effectiveness of CAI lessons.

The study of gender disparity is important to know the tribal society because women are the integral part of their development. GDI finds out the average achievement to reflect the inequalities or disparities between men and women in terms of life expectancy, education and economy. In all the three parameters of GDI, it is found that women lag much behind the men in the study area. The root causes of these problems are inequalities in the tribal society, lack of land-ownership, backwardness in educational facilities and being isolated from the outer world.So, proper planning will help to solve the problem related to low Gender Development of the Lepchas in Lingsey village.

The Period from AD 1100 to AD 1850 is known as “Medieval Period” .The names is given by the Historians. During the medieval period Gulam, Tughlaq, Khilji, Sayyed and Lodhi etc. Sultans established their kingdoms in India. Then after sultans, Mughals established their kingdoms. The Medieval Architecture has largest contribution in Indian Medieval Architecture. Monuments of Sultans and Mughals are main two types of architectural construction, found during the medieval period of Sultans.

Temperature is one of the most important and significant parameter of control in food processing, pharmaceuticals and in polymerization. The switch on and off of heater power supply is the primitive method of temperature control. But regulating the supply within a range increases the accuracy. Such refinement in control strategy can be achieved by designing appropriate controllers. This paper discusses the design of conventional, model based and intelligent controllers for air temperature control where the power supply to the heater is regulated precisely. PID controller is a conventional control strategy commonly followed in most of the process control industries. IMC tuning method is efficient in controlling the overshoot and the dynamics of the temperature process. The IMC has a single tuning parameter to adjust the performance and robustness of the controller. The intelligent controller chosen is Fuzzy logic controller. FLC convert linguistic variables into control signals and because of its ease in design this controllers find lots of application in engineering. The performance of the system with PID, FLC and IMC are analyzed and its performance measure in terms of Integral square error and Integral absolute error are compared.

Speeds of sound, densities and viscosities of the binary mixture of anisaldehyde with nonanol were measured over the entire mole fraction at (303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K E E and normal atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volume, V , Excess internal pressure, π , m E *E excess enthalpy, H , excess Gibb's free energy of activation for viscous flow, G , and excess E E viscosity,η have been calculated using experimental data. The V values are positive whereas m E E E E π , H , G* , and η are negative and positive with no definite trend.

SELF HELP GROUPS (SHG) Self-Help Groups are informal associations of people who choose to come together to find ways to improve their living conditions. They help to build Social Capital among the poor, especially women. The most important functions of a Self-Help Groups are: (i)To encourage and motivate its members to save (ii)To persuade them to make a collective plan for generation of additional income. (iii)To act as a conduct for formal banking services to reach them. Such groups work as a collective guarantee system for members who propose to borrow from organized sources. Consequently, Self-Help Groups have emerged as the most effective mechanism for delivery of micro-finance services to the poor. The range of financial services may include products such as deposits, loans, money transfer and insurance.

The topic “Identification of defects in drawing operation with remedial steps” is a discussion on the introduction to forming operations, its overviews, idea of the project, problem identification. Further going with details it includes literature review and objective of the project. There are many ways to manufacture the drawing product such as using the different die sets, of by the use of combination die. There are also various methods to increase the strength of the drawing product. In this project work we are combining the operations required to produce the component and use of less manufacturing tool for the manufacturing of the product. The concept highlights to the design of new type of the die and punch for the component to be produced and reduce the time required for the component to manufacture and also to increase the volume of production.

KYC means know your customer, KYC is usefull to prevent banks from money laundering or terrorist financing activities. KYC procedures must followed by banks and to know/ their customers and their financial dealings better which in turn help them manage their risk prudently.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is an important element of a company's strategy. It involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect the people who work for the organizations. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is the emerging subject in the current competitive business environment and it is the integration of environmental management into human resource management. This paper examines the key factors associated with work life balance (WLB) with a particular focus on GHRM practices within the IT industry. The participants for this study were the 100 IT professionals from Kerala IT industry. The selection of respondents was based on the method of convenience sampling. Result of the study indicates that, IT organization needs to develop and implement Green HRM practices that can improve the work environment and balance in work family life, which creates high retention rate and also promotes the cause of environmental sustainability.

The phenomenon of alcoholism has its roots in an individual's psychological, physical and social bases. Alcohol is addictive as it is taken either to escape from the existing situation or for pleasure seeking. In a way, alcohol becomes the sole source of gratification for the person who has chosen them as a support system. The person reaches such a physiological state that necessitates the continued use of drug to prevent withdrawals

The topic “Identification of defects in drawing operation with remedial steps” is a discussion on the introduction to forming operations, its overviews, idea of the project, problem identification. Further going with details it includes literature review and objective of the project. There are many ways to manufacture the drawing product such as using the different die sets, of by the use of combination die. There are also various methods to increase the strength of the drawing product. In this project work we are combining the operations required to produce the component and use of less manufacturing tool for the manufacturing of the product. The concept highlights to the design of new type of the die and punch for the component to be produced and reduce the time required for the component to manufacture and also to increase the volume of production.

The phenomenon of alcoholism has its roots in an individual's psychological, physical and social bases. Alcohol is addictive as it is taken either to escape from the existing situation or for pleasure seeking. In a way, alcohol becomes the sole source of gratification for the person who has chosen them as a support system. The person reaches such a physiological state that necessitates the continued use of drug to prevent withdrawals.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is an important element of a company's strategy. It involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect the people who work for the organizations. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is the emerging subject in the current competitive business environment and it is the integration of environmental management into human resource management. This paper examines the key factors associated with work life balance (WLB) with a particular focus on GHRM practices within the IT industry. The participants for this study were the 100 IT professionals from Kerala IT industry. The selection of respondents was based on the method of convenience sampling. Result of the study indicates that, IT organization needs to develop and implement Green HRM practices that can improve the work environment and balance in work family life, which creates high retention rate and also promotes the cause of environmental sustainability.

Tea is the major crop of the Nilgiris district and accounts for 68 per cent of total cultivable area. In 2012 tea price was recorded as the highest of Rs.86.44 per Kg. The average of tea price in The Nilgiris was Rs.53.46 per Kg.The tea price fluctuation in The Nilgiris is computed bytime series of least square method.

The Environment Agencies aim is to provide a better environment for citizens for the present and for the future. It will achieve much of this through education, by providing advice and by regulating the activities of others. Securing compliance with legal regulatory requirements, using enforcement powers including prosecution, is an important part of achieving this aim. The enforcement Agencies regard prevention as better than cure. It offers information and advice to those it regulates and seeks to secure co-operation avoiding bureaucracy or excessive cost. It encourages individuals and businesses to put the environment first and to integrate good environmental practices into normal working methods.

SELF HELP GROUPS (SHG) Self-Help Groups are informal associations of people who choose to come together to find ways to improve their living conditions. They help to build Social Capital among the poor, especially women. The most important functions of a Self-Help Groups are: (i)To encourage and motivate its members to save (ii)To persuade them to make a collective plan for generation of additional income. (iii)To act as a conduct for formal banking services to reach them. Such groups work as a collective guarantee system for members who propose to borrow from organized sources. Consequently, Self-Help Groups have emerged as the most effective mechanism for delivery of micro-finance services to the poor. The range of financial services may include products such as deposits, loans, money transfer and insurance.

Speeds of sound, densities and viscosities of the binary mixture of anisaldehyde with nonanol were measured over the entire mole fraction at (303.15, 308.15, 313.15 and 318.15) K E E and normal atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volume, V , Excess internal pressure, π , m E *E excess enthalpy, H , excess Gibb's free energy of activation for viscous flow, G , and excess E E viscosity,η have been calculated using experimental data. The V values are positive whereas m E E E E π , H , G* , and η are negative and positive with no definite trend

The Period from AD 1100 to AD 1850 is known as “Medieval Period” .The names is given by the Historians. During the medieval period Gulam, Tughlaq, Khilji, Sayyed and Lodhi etc. Sultans established their kingdoms in India. Then after sultans, Mughals established their kingdoms. The Medieval Architecture has largest contribution in Indian Medieval Architecture. Monuments of Sultans and Mughals are main two types of architectural construction, found during the medieval period of Sultans.

The study of gender disparity is important to know the tribal society because women are the integral part of their development. GDI finds out the average achievement to reflect the inequalities or disparities between men and women in terms of life expectancy, education and economy. In all the three parameters of GDI, it is found that women lag much behind the men in the study area. The root causes of these problems are inequalities in the tribal society, lack of land-ownership, backwardness in educational facilities and being isolated from the outer world.So, proper planning will help to solve the problem related to low Gender Development of the Lepchas in Lingsey village.

It is imperative to study demographic factors while studying buying behavior of customers as demographic factors are the major determinants of buying behavior. To verify the green buying behavior of customers and to evaluate the influence of demographic factors on green buying behavior, researchers have critically analyzed, research articles, research papers and research reports of this aspect. The review found thirty three articles that studied demographic factors from various perspectives of green buying behavior. Review has been presented in the synthesized format. Studying the relationship between impacts of demographic parameters on green buying behaviour has seen three major results. Few researchers conclude to have significant relationship between demographic parameters and green buying behaviour. Few researchers outcome is against this. Some researchers arouse controversial findings stating different demographic parameters has different role to play in the determination of green buying behavior.

'The bones of the cotton weavers are bleaching the plains of India' is a dramatic but 1 appropriately a description of the fate of the handloom weavers by lord Bentinck. It is proved to be true by their hard labour of handloom weavers. According to Kasthuri Srinivasan, 'It must be remembered that handloom weaving is not so much a profession as a way of life. Aman does not choose to be a handloom weavers; he becomes one because his father was a weaver and he was born in the weaver's caste'. He generally learns his skills also from his father. These are handed down from father to son. The cloth he weaves is the same that his father wove in the previous generation. The courts of yarn, the ends and picks, the type of looms, the methods and practices 2 are all inherited rather than acquired. In Tiruchirapalli, weaving is a principal form of village industry and forms the second major occupation. It is a traditional occupation where the son learns to weave from his father.

The present work is dealt with the study of the achievements in Unit Test and Annual Examination for seventh and eighth grade students. Three different type of schools (Boys, Girls and Co-educational) are chosen to collect data for the session 2012-13. Some statistical techniques like coefficient of correlation and t-test are used to analysis the data.

The phenomenon of Caste has aroused more controversy than any other aspect of Indian life and thought. Some see India's caste system as the defining feature of Indian culture and some have dismissed it as a colonial artefact. Since the days of the British rule, both historians and anthropologists referred to India as a 'caste society'. Obviously this is an overstatement of the importance of caste. But for many leading personalities, caste was, and is, a real force in Indian life.

This paper reports for the metallic nanoshelled structures with rigorous electromagnetic analysis. Two metallic nanoshelled structures are investigated; namely, single nano-shelled cylinder, and nano-shelled photonic crystals. A rigorous Maxwell’s equations solver is used to get insights into the optical properties of the structures. Our numerical simulations show that it is difficult to shift the plasmon resonance to long wavelength in such a structure. Flat bands are found in the metallic nanoshelled photonic crystals when the lattice constants are much smaller than the operating wavelength.

The phenomenon of Caste has aroused more controversy than any other aspect of Indian life and thought. Some see India's caste system as the defining feature of Indian culture and some have dismissed it as a colonial artefact. Since the days of the British rule, both historians and anthropologists referred to India as a 'caste society'. Obviously this is an overstatement of the importance of caste. But for many leading personalities, caste was, and is, a real force in Indian life.

The present work is dealt with the study of the achievements in Unit Test and Annual Examination for seventh and eighth grade students. Three different type of schools (Boys, Girls and Co-educational) are chosen to collect data for the session 2012-13. Some statistical techniques like coefficient of correlation and t-test are used to analysis the data.

'The bones of the cotton weavers are bleaching the plains of India' is a dramatic but 1 appropriately a description of the fate of the handloom weavers by lord Bentinck. It is proved to be true by their hard labour of handloom weavers. According to Kasthuri Srinivasan, 'It must be remembered that handloom weaving is not so much a profession as a way of life. Aman does not choose to be a handloom weavers; he becomes one because his father was a weaver and he was born in the weaver's caste'. He generally learns his skills also from his father. These are handed down from father to son. The cloth he weaves is the same that his father wove in the previous generation. The courts of yarn, the ends and picks, the type of looms, the methods and practices 2 are all inherited rather than acquired. In Tiruchirapalli, weaving is a principal form of village industry and forms the second major occupation. It is a traditional occupation where the son learns to weave from his father.

Present computer provides opportunities and challenges for innovations in curriculum development and evaluation. Computer assisted instruction is a powerful tool for the teacher and the students in the instructional process. It helps the teacher to devote his time for more creative activities where the teachers can clearly plan the objectives contents, and skills to be achieved through the programme. CAI provides wide scope to drill, practice and reviews of these learning materials ideas and concepts for the learness. The present problem studies the effectiveness of CAI among the College students of Odisha and to find out the relationship between attitude of students towards CAI and the effectiveness of CAI lessons.

Once, District Poonch was consisting four Tehsils viz Haveli, Mendhar, Sadhnuti and Bagh. The partition of 1947 bifurcates, this district into two, Tehsil Sadnuti and bulknof the portion of the Tehsil Bagh goes into the Pak administered Kashmir. This side left with Tehsil Mendher and Hevali. Now, District Poonch has three Thehsils (Sub District Headquarters) viz Surankote, Mendher and Heavli. This hilly region has still many sites of tourist's interest, which can be explored for the development of region and people living aside. Therefore, this study is an extension of another study, and it is purposely undertaken to know the awareness, past experience and preference of tourists regarding tourist's sites of the District Poonch.

Among heavy metals cadmium is of great concern since it is more toxic to aquatic organism such as fishes etc. which are important components of food chain. The toxicity of cadmium to the fish Rasbora- daniconius for 24h was tested according to the OECD (1992) guidelines No. 203. The toxicity 24h (Lc5o) of cadmium chloride (Cdcl2 2 ^ H2O) was found to be 110 ppm for R- daniconius. Bioaccumulation of cadmium in gills, intestine and tail muscles of the fish R- daniconius was analyzed using Pc based AAS. The fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentration (20ppm) of cadmium chloride for 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h. It was observed that the trend of degree of accumulation of cadmium in different tissues was as follows gills> intestine> muscles. Cadmium appeared to be toxic to fish.

It is imperative to study demographic factors while studying buying behavior of customers as demographic factors are the major determinants of buying behavior. To verify the green buying behavior of customers and to evaluate the influence of demographic factors on green buying behavior, researchers have critically analyzed, research articles, research papers and research reports of this aspect. The review found thirty three articles that studied demographic factors from various perspectives of green buying behavior. Review has been presented in the synthesized format. Studying the relationship between impacts of demographic parameters on green buying behaviour has seen three major results. Few researchers conclude to have significant relationship between demographic parameters and green buying behaviour. Few researchers outcome is against this. Some researchers arouse controversial findings stating different demographic parameters has different role to play in the determination of green buying behavior.

The Environment Agencies aim is to provide a better environment for citizens for the present and for the future. It will achieve much of this through education, by providing advice and by regulating the activities of others. Securing compliance with legal regulatory requirements, using enforcement powers including prosecution, is an important part of achieving this aim. The enforcement Agencies regard prevention as better than cure. It offers information and advice to those it regulates and seeks to secure co-operation avoiding bureaucracy or excessive cost. It encourages individuals and businesses to put the environment first and to integrate good environmental practices into normal working methods

Tea is the major crop of the Nilgiris district and accounts for 68 per cent of total cultivable area. In 2012 tea price was recorded as the highest of Rs.86.44 per Kg. The average of tea price in The Nilgiris was Rs.53.46 per Kg.The tea price fluctuation in The Nilgiris is computed bytime series of least square method.

Tea is the major crop of the Nilgiris district and accounts for 68 per cent of total cultivable area. In 2012 tea price was recorded as the highest of Rs.86.44 per Kg. The average of tea price in The Nilgiris was Rs.53.46 per Kg.The tea price fluctuation in The Nilgiris is computed bytime series of least square method.

Executive Summary : The factors causing stress in a person are called stressors. The common stressors on employees may generate action from individuals, groups and organizational sources. Individual, group and organizational stressors constitute work stressors, whereas extra – organizational stressors refer to non-work stressors. In this research major factors that causes stress to Assistant Librarians in private educational institutions were identified. The study is a descriptive in nature. Primary data collected with the help of structured questionnaire which is administrated among Assistant Librarians of self financing arts and sciences colleges in Tiruchirappalli District in Tamilnadu. Method adopted to collect the data is convenient sampling. Sample size is 105 respondents from 38 colleges and it was used for analysis after deletion of biased and non responsive questionnaires. Using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) some of the relevant statistical tools were used 1) Factor Analysis 2) Multiple Regression and 3) Reliability test. Based on the test results some of the findings were derived that will be relevant to present Indian scenario.

Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most ancient cultivated crops among the legumes. It is commonly used for human nutrition, animal feed and soil fertility. Seeds of two local dwarf varieties of kidney bean, B1-Local and B2-Local were subjected to different concentrations (0.1%, 0.3 %, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) of sodium azide (SA). Effects of chemical mutagen were evaluated for seed germination, plant survival, plant height, number of branch per plant; number of leaves/plant in both the varieties. The mutagen treated seeds as well as the control of both the varieties were planted in the experimental field following randomized block design (RBD) layout to raise the first mutant (M1) generation. Sodium azide concentration at 1.0% and above was lethal for both the varieties. Seedling survival was highly reduced in both the varieties (upto 68.75%). Seedling height, number of leaves/plant and number of branch/plant showed inter and intra varietal differential response.

Aluminium Silicon eutectic alloy called LM-6 contains 10 to 13% of Silicon by weight. It has good casting properties such as high strength to weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. So this alloy finds application in automobile, aircraft and marine industries. In this project work, modifier is added to improve the mechanical properties of LM-6 alloy such as tensile strength, fluidity and also the variation in porosity distribution. Modification is a chemical treatment of metal in molten condition which is done along with fluxing, grain refining and degassing. Therefore LM-6 alloy can be strengthened by modification. These properties of LM-6 alloy with modification and without modification are also compared in this project. Test results reveal that modification enhances strength of LM-6 alloy considerably and also it reduces porosity. A small amount of reduction is noted in fluidity,while increasing the addition of modifier.

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of meditation and relaxation techniques on selected motor fitness components among soccer players. For the purpose of the study; three groups: two experimental groups (A), meditation group (B), relaxation techniques group (C) and the third group served as the control group. Random group design was employed. Reliability coefficients for the test- re- test scores on selected motor fitness components: speed (50 M run) and agility (shuttle run) were selected to collect the data.

The harmful use of alcohol or the Syndrome of dependency of alcohol (SDA) is considered a clinical situation of multiple causes in which are present factors of technical order, ethics, politics, economics, social and cultural, being characterized as one of the significant challenges from nowadays to the health professionals. Thereby, the treatment of SDA requests interventions that may deal with this diversity of intervening situations and offer to the dependents and those that present problems with the harmful ingestion of alcohol preventive alternatives to his/her own health and a better quality of life. This bibliography aims to check the main psychotherapeutic approaches indicated to this treatment and it was observed that the current most used models are the Cognitive-behavioral therapy by brief interventions pointing out the Transtheoretical model of stages of changes, Motivational interview, Training of social abilities, Relapses prevention and Harm reduction. Thereby, it is realized that it is not presented an isolated and efficient model in the treatment of SDA, but it is possible to obtain good results from an integrated intervention.

Kinship is an important organizing principle in human societies. In the cross-cultural perspective, it varies in its range and significance. Impressed by its pivotal position in many simple societies which were the subject of rigorous and penetrating synchronic studies, anthropologists have tended to grant an unusual degree of autonomy to kinship. Its applicability needs to be examined carefully in the context of India. The country's many religious communities, castes, and tribes in different cultural regions present an extraordinary variety. The system of kinship is itself a 'sub-structure' or an internal structure within the social structure.Kinship relations are streamlined through 'cultural mechanism' which give expression to multidimensional social institutions. They are patterned through culturally defined sets of customs dictated by religion and are inherent in language this paper attempts to trace the kinship and marriage among the Shia Muslims in Mysore City.

It is well known theory that materials changes its behavior when comes in contact with magnets and magnetic field.It means its temperature rises and comes down as increase and decrease the magnetic field.In our research we have used R-404 and R-410 And investigated the COPcondenser and compressor under sensible heat loading 1000W and 1500W with magnetic fields of gauss levels 6000 and 12000 respectively.

The study was intended to find out the Attitude towards E-Learning of Higher Secondary Teachers in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India. Random Sampling Technique was used to compose a sample of 700 Higher Secondary Teachers. Mean, Standard Deviation and t values were calculated for the analysis of data. The result revealed that the Gender, Locality had no significant difference but, Teaching subject, Teaching experience and Internet users exhibited significant difference in respect of their Attitude towards E-Learning of Higher Secondary Teachers.

The word 'exile' when used as a verb means 'to banish from a country' and when used as a noun means 'a person who has been banished from a country 'They reflect the general disillusionment that resulted from the two world wars and man's feeling of a stranger spiritually isolated in an estranged iniverse. Works of the twentieth century deal with fragmentation of the social order , sense of Void , and meaninglessness of endeavour , absurdity of man's situation (Joshy VI). As Camus says in his 'The Myth of Sisyphus '(1942), “In a universe that is suddenly deprived of illusions and of light , man feels a stranger. He is an irremedial exile.

The nation is a project, as postcolonial literatures seek to erase their colonial pasts. Resisting and rejecting the western constructions of their nations as primitives, savage, and ancient, postcolonial writers seek to retrieve a pre-colonial past that would help them define the nation, and more importantly, project a destiny, a future. That is, they seek to reconstruct the nation without the frames of reference used by the colonial masters. However, this is hardly a simple task since most colonial methodologies, rhetorical forms, epistemologies are always already 'contaminated' and informed by western ones. Things are not exactly wonderful in the post colony. Writers even in the first flush of political independence were worried that indigenous societies were moving from colonial corruption to postcolonial decadence. Simultaneously, segments of the population saw themselves being marginalized by the native rules. Postcoloniality brought in its wake a new process of exclusion, whereby certain groups/classes dominated other ethnic groups, communities, races, and classes who therefore became disempowered, 'colonized' and 'marginalised' (even) in the independent nations. In postcolonial societies, this process is called Postcolonial Subalternization. The citizens become the subalterns in the state.

The Period from AD 1100 to AD 1850 is known as “Medieval Period” .The names is given by the Historians. During the medieval period Gulam, Tughlaq, Khilji, Sayyed and Lodhi etc. Sultans established their kingdoms in India. Then after sultans, Mughals established their kingdoms. The Medieval Architecture has largest contribution in Indian Medieval Architecture. Monuments of Sultans and Mughals are main two types of architectural construction, found during the medieval period of Sultans.

Yashwant Lake is located on Toranmal Plateau, one of the important plateaus in midWestern Satpura Mountains. Seasonal variation in Microcrustaceans density and species richness was studied for two years of Yashwant Lake. The two year data so obtained were analyzed for seasonal variation. The mean, SEM and One way ANOVA was calculated. The Pearson correlation was calculated by keeping Microcrustaceans as dependent variable and abiotic factors as independent variables. Total twenty species of Microcrustaceans were recorded in study period. This revealed that the density and species richness of Microcrustaceans was maximum in summer, while it was minimum in post-monsoon. The Microcrustaceans community structure depends on a variety of environmental factors that include biological parameters, such as predation or competition, as well as various physicochemical factors.

Human Resource Management (HRM) is an important element of a company's strategy. It involves all management decisions and practices that directly affect the people who work for the organizations. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) is the emerging subject in the current competitive business environment and it is the integration of environmental management into human resource management. This paper examines the key factors associated with work life balance (WLB) with a particular focus on GHRM practices within the IT industry. The participants for this study were the 100 IT professionals from Kerala IT industry. The selection of respondents was based on the method of convenience sampling. Result of the study indicates that, IT organization needs to develop and implement Green HRM practices that can improve the work environment and balance in work family life, which creates high retention rate and also promotes the cause of environmental sustainability

'The bones of the cotton weavers are bleaching the plains of India' is a dramatic but 1appropriately a description of the fate of the handloom weavers by lord Bentinck. It is proved to be true by their hard labour of handloom weavers. According to Kasthuri Srinivasan, 'It must be remembered that handloom weaving is not so much a profession as a way of life. Aman does not choose to be a handloom weavers; he becomes one because his father was a weaver and he was born in the weaver's caste'. He generally learns his skills also from his father. These are handed down from father to son. The cloth he weaves is the same that his father wove in the previous generation. The courts of yarn, the ends and picks, the type of looms, the methods and practices 2are all inherited rather than acquired. In Tiruchirapalli, weaving is a principal form of village industry and forms the second major occupation. It is a traditional occupation where the son learns to weave from his father.

The theory of translation in the Indian languages has always been something essential in practice. In the ancient period, no specific theory of translation was recorded since creative writing and translation were never considered as two separate processes in India. But with the passage of time some difference has been noticed in this course as many individual translators have recorded their experiences and reflections. Sri Aurobindo's development of psycho spiritual theory has also donated remarkable contribution in this context. He has given various theories to support his idea in different ways. My present paper aims to elaborate his ideas in detail to explain their depth and uses in the field of translation.

The paper highlights detailed analysis of increasing trends of electronic contracts in India. With the advancement of information technology, standard of living of people have enhanced phenomenally and contract which were used to form via papers are now being formed through the boom of internet. The advent of e-commerce has transformed the use of internet and today almost everything is being done through e-commerce and due to significant alleviation in this field gave birth to a large number of electronic contracts. Several users sitting at several parts of the world are now entering into electronic contract with each other and so due to such advancement, it is necessary to identify the pros and cons of electronic contract.

Every Kamma actoin has its reaction. Kamma is an impersonal, nature law that operates in accordance with our action. It is a law in itself and does not have any lawgiver.Kamma operates in its own field without the intervention of external, independent and ruling agent. Buddhism names it as an action or kamma. Kamma is wholesome and unwholesome the kamma by means of bodily action, speech or mind. There are our action that we have done in the past as well as in the present.

The present empirical investigation is aimed at exploring work stress and work family conflict of married working women in public and private sector organizations. The sample in the research consists of 1000 married working women (500 public sector and 500 private sector organizations) randomly selected in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The participants were between the age of 21 to 59 years (Mean age= 37.3 years). Tools used for data collection were;(1) the Work-Family Conflict Scale (Netemeyer, Boles, & McMurrian, 1996) and (2) the Workplace Stress Scale (The Marlin Company, North Haven, CT, and the American Institute of Stress, Yonkers, NY, 2008) standardized scales selected after a comprehensive review of related literature. The researchers contacted the informants individually and data was obtained through face-to-face personal interview. The data collection was spread over a period of three months. The Mean, Standard Deviation, Standard Error, t- test, and correlation were the statistical analysis done.

Discuss the starting of the Second World War and the position of India and the freedom fighters – Formation of Indian National Army – Subas Chandra Bose in the INA– Role of Mursiri region INA soldiers in the freedom movement of India – P.Ponnusamy alias pichaimuthu – B. Mohammad Gani – P. Periasamy – P. Chinnaiah – P. Palaniyandi – N. Perumal - B. Perumal – K. Raja – V. Pennan alias Periasamy – subas death in the Air crash – INAsoldiers got pension in the free India.

The nation is a project, as postcolonial literatures seek to erase their colonial pasts. Resisting and rejecting the western constructions of their nations as primitives, savage, and ancient, postcolonial writers seek to retrieve a pre-colonial past that would help them define the nation, and more importantly, project a destiny, a future. That is, they seek to reconstruct the nation without the frames of reference used by the colonial masters. However, this is hardly a simple task since most colonial methodologies, rhetorical forms, epistemologies are always already 'contaminated' and informed by western ones. Things are not exactly wonderful in the post colony. Writers even in the first flush of political independence were worried that indigenous societies were moving from colonial corruption to postcolonial decadence.

The investigation was carried out as per the requirements of 3*2 factorial design in which the independent variables of Mnemonic Techniques and Cognitive Styles along with the dependent variable of Learning Acquisition were studied on a random sample of 500 students of Grade IX. The study was experimental in nature in which Mnemonic Techniques (M) were varied at three levels - With Illustrations (M1), Without Illustrations (M2) and the third group consisted of the Control Group (M0). Two level of Cognitive Styles – Field Independent (C1) and Field Dependent (C2)- were taken up for the study. The results showed that F ratios were significant for the main effects of Mnemonic Techniques (M) and Cognitive Styles (C) and also for the double interaction effect of Mnemonic Techniques (M) * Cognitive Styles (C).

In the present paper, the scholar concentrated on the interpersonal relationship between man and woman. Vijay Tendulkar throws light on typical person, Sakharam Binder. How he crosses boundaries of family life and social codes and norms. He used woman as a tool for satisfying animal passions. The paper deals with various relationships existed in the society. As the main character, Sakharam Binder rejects all types of traditional Indian Family customs. Sakharam Binder seeks interest in sexual enjoyment and drinking.

Conversation is a vital aspect of novel. It performs two functions in novel: to reveal character/s and to carry the story forward. The analysis of fictional conversation has bearings on character revelation, character intentions and explication of the themes of novel. Conversation is a multi-featured activity. One important feature of conversation is that it is a cooperative endeavour between character and character. It is conducted by characters on the basis of assumption of cooperation. Conversation is conducted according to a tacit agreement between characters. H. P. Grice (1975) calls this tacit agreement the Cooperative Principle. This Principle comprises four Maxims: Quantity, Quality, Relation and Manner. These Maxims are very often contravened by characters in character-to-character-level interaction. The deviations from these Maxims have thematic and character-level significance. They provide hints about character—his communicative intentions and intended meaning called 'implicature'. This article attempts to study the deviations from Quality Maxim in Shobha De's “Socialite Evenings” (1989).

Objectives: Theaim of this study was to assess the efficacy of different doses of Nicardipinein attenuation of stress and intra-ocular pressure responses to Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.Patients and methods: This randomized prospective controlled double blinded clinical trial was conducted on 120 patients underwent elective intra-ocular cataract extraction surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. These patients were randomly allocated into three equal groups: Group A (Control group): received 0.9 % saline infusion, Group B: received 2-4 mg/hr. Nicardipine infusion and Group C: received 4-8 mg/ hr. Nicardipine infusion.Operative time, intubation time, hemodynamic parameters (MAP and heart rate),serum cortisol, blood glucose and intraocular pressure were recorded.Results: Demographic characteristics and operative details showed non-significant difference between groups as regard age, weight, sex, ASA physical status and operative time

Agreenhouse experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, (Saba-Basha) - Alexandria University, during the growing seasons of 2012 and 2013, in order to study the effect of humic acid rates, (0, 1.0 and 2.0g/l) and two formulations of nutrient solutions on two types of husk tomato (Physalis pubescens L.) Balady sp. seedlings. The first one was seedling plants and the second one was tissue culture - derived plants. The effects of the treatments on the growth, yield, yield components, fruit juice quality, plant nutrient elements of leaves and fruit of husk tomato were determined.Treatments of humic acid increased significantly all morphological characteristics and qualities of husk tomato. Humic additions led to increase mineral content of the leaves and fruits compared with control treatment. Nutrient solution is a complex liquid solution, containing all of the major and minor elements, used extra radicular, ensuring that nutritional ions penetrate into the leaves, simulating absorption, translocation and assimilation of the nutrients into the soil, with positive effects on the quantity. In our experience, add two types of foliar fertilizer to plants of cultivated husk tomato, had different effects on the quality and quantity of the yield

Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) is one of a number of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes that regulates the sucrose synthesis pathway. SPS was assayed from green barley(HordeurnvulgareL.) seedlings (GBS),from etiolated barley seedlings (DBS) that were continuously grown in darkness, and barley seedlings that were grown in darkness and illuminated only for 30 minutes before returning to the dark conditions again (EBS).Except for DBS, both GBS and EBSSPS activities wereallosterically regulated by G-6-P(activator) or Pi (inhibitor).Thiol reagents became sensitized to the enzyme activity, but could be restored with DTT or β-ME. Glucose, maltose and lactose activated the enzymewhile δ-gluconolactone and mannose inhibited it. When compared to those plants which were maintained in total darkness, extractable sucrose-Psynthase activity of 30-min.illuminated seedlings increased about 4 folds by 1h .The activity remained constant for an additional two hours and then decreased to about 50% of maximal 5 h post illumination.

Cooperative sector is playing very crucial role in the development of India. The main focus of the study is to find out the present scenario co-operative sector of Maharashtra by considering quantitative indicators and some selected aggregate indicators. The present research paper is entirely based on secondary data. Study found that co-operative sector has spread in all the major economic activities in general and rural area in particular. The study also reveals that the cooperative sector of Maharashtra is growing rapidly and continuously since last 50 years. Finally it concluded that in order to sustain and develop in this competitive era the cooperative sector has to be properly protected and assisted by the Government. In other words there is an urgent need of Government assistance and protection for cooperative sector

This application note shows how to implement stack in data structure. This note shows using stack to create a hexadecimal number and how to convert decimal number to binary using stack.

This paper is based on Indian Palaeograhy. We know that India had passed through many successive stages of Brahmi script and in north India, the Brahmi script was used over a vast area from 3rd century B.C to the Gupta Era. In the history of Indian Palaeography much work has been done on the Brahmi script and its derivatives in Early India. But this paper explores a comprehensive study of a hitherto less known script i.e. 'Box-Headed Script', which is developed in central India, mostly in Madhya Pradesh from the 4th century A.D. to 7th century A.D. in the official records of some famous dynasties like the Vakatakas, the Sarabhapuriyas, the Panduvamsis, the Nalas, the Kadambas and some minor ruling dynasties of South Kosala. In the present paper an attempt has been made to give a comprehensive knowledge about this unique 'Box-Headed Script' and its origin which throw significant light on the Palaeographical Study of the stated period adding to the already existing Palaeographical knowledge.

This research paper describe the identity and humanistic value of secondary school student in various discipline as medium of instruction and gender of secondary school student. Collection of objective and hypothesis related data and analysis and interpreted the result show that, the identity and humanistic value of secondary school student are equal preparer the experience and co-curriculum activity of schooling but the some influence of medium of school and gender on their religious identity it's related to his family and neighborhood context. Otherwise all school provides the same program to develop the national identity and humanistic value describe in the national school curriculum

This research paper is an attempt to study the concept of insurance, the level of awareness as well as habit of insurance in a particular city and learn their buying motives. The researcher tries to find out the errors and faults prevalent in the industry and tries to recommend some points which can develop the insurance habit among the people and hence develop the industry

Agent-based modeling is gaining popularity for investigating the behavior of complex systems involving interactions of many players or agents. In this paper an agent-based simulation modeling technique is applied to understand the long term implications of strategy decisions for an aerospace value chain. The industry has unique elements including new business models, high levels of collaboration, long product lifecycles and long periods before positive paybacks are realized. Forecasting market conditions over this long term lifespan is inherently problematic and adds further complexity when devising a strategy. The model described includes all the major players and entities in the value chain and their interactions. Illustrative results are presented to demonstrate how the simulation approach can be used to evaluate strategy and policy decisions and their operational implications over the long term.

In this paper my endeavor is to put side by side the green cultural concepts in literature as found in the Romantic age and in the Victorian age and the adaptation that gradually occurred in Ecocriticism as a critical advance. A radical change is visible in the ecological leanings of different periods, which is very well reflected in the literature too. While ecocritics study literature written throughout history and analyze its relationship to the environment, most scholarship has focused on American and British literature from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The nineteenth century especially saw a number of developments in literature that ecocritics view as significant. Many explorers and natural historians began to write about newly encountered places and wildlife; and pioneers and other travelers wrote of their experiences with an emphasis on setting. Probably the defining work of nature writing, and the ecologically oriented work that has been the subject of most literary analysis, is Henry David Thoreau's Walden (1854) and Ralph Waldo Emerson's Nature (1836) .while the Romantics and Transcendentalists tried to appreciate and identify themselves with nature and get inspired by it, the subsequent generation is doomed to lament the tortures the greedy consumerist inflicted upon mother Nature. As ecofeminsts says, the Nature once metaphorized as Lover, Beauty or Mother and loved and respected, is ill-fated to undergo gang rape and viewed as a mere consumerist product and is in the verge of death. Since, literature being a mirror held to nature, both human nature and outside nature, the changes in human beings' socio cultural political attitude will persuade the other two and vice-versa.

Waste has been a major environmental issue everywhere since the industrial revolution. Besides the waste we create at home, school and other public places, there are also those from hospitals, industries, farms and other sources. Humans rely so much on material things and they all (almost) end up as waste. Economic development, urbanization and improved living standards in cities contribute to increase in the quantity and complexity of generated solid waste. If accumulated, it leads to degradation of urban environment, stresses natural resources and leads to health problems. Solid waste management has become a major environmental issue in India. Waste management, however, remains a major challenge for any society, since all natural processes generate waste. Rag pickers play an important, but usually unrecognized role in the waste management system of Indian cities. They collect garbage in search of recyclable items that can be sold to scrap merchant like paper, plastic, tin, etc. These activities require no skills and are a source of income for a growing number of urban poor people.

The study investigates the technical efficiency of cowpea production in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 250 farmers using purposive and simple random sampling with aid of structured schedule .The result of the stochastic frontier production 2 function analysis shows that the variance parameters, that is the sigma squared (δ ) and the gamma (γ) were statistically significant at 1 % level for cowpea production. The coefficient of farm size, labour, seed and chemical were positive and significant at 1% level while family and hired labor was negative and insignificant. Profit level can be increased by increasing the amount of farm size, labour, quantity of seed and stochastic frontier production function, and decreasing the use of fertilizer. Mean efficiency were 0.73, Farmers operate at 27% below frontier level due to variation in technical efficiency. The inefficiency model shows that the coefficient of Age, family size and farming experience have negative apriori sign and in consonance with the apriori expectation

The present paper investigates the classifiers in Bodo. In Bodo classifiers have function as specific determiner of the physical shape or size, quantity and quality of the noun. Classifiers in Bodo are predominantly of monosyllabic structure. It occurs with numeral and the classifiers precede numeral. The monosyllabic structure may be single verb or simple verb and noun; it functions as classifiers by suffixing numerals. In Bodo, classifier can occur before and after in noun and pronoun. Bodo has no free form of classifier, it may noun or verb.

Retail industry is the largest industry in India contributing to over 10 per cent of the country's GDP. In most cities, mall based shopping formats are gaining popularity but still the price-sensitive Indian shopper prefers Big Bazaar specifically for the steep discounts and bulk prices. Most of the shoppers preferred the convenience and access offered by the local grocery store. Traditionally, most of the Indian households have enjoyed the convenience of calling up the grocery 'kirana' store, which has advantages of familiarity with their brand preferences, flexibility in returning and exchanging goods and also offers credit. The retailing industry has a long way to go and to become a flourishing industry, retailing needs to cross various hurdles.

The cost of higher education is growing fast and the common man in India finds it very difficult to meet the educational expenses of their children. Through Education Loans, parents have easy access for financing their children's higher education. The boom in the banking sector has led to release of large amount of funds for education loans. Indian Bank provides convenient educational loans for the students to acquire knowledge and skill in the field of their interest. The student loan covers school, college or hostel fees as well as cost for buying books and other necessary items. An applicant is sanctioned a loan of maximum Rs 10 lakh for studying in India and Rs 20 lakh for studying in abroad. No security is required for loan amount up to Rs 4 lacs. The borrower can begin repaying 6 months after getting job or one year after the course is completed, whichever happens earlier. Banks may arrange for life insurance policy on the students availing Educational Loan. Securing education loan in India may sound easy, but is full of obstacles, challenges and formalities.

In India government is the biggest provider of jobs to the people. According to an estimate in 1947, the strength of civil servants was 10 lakhs which rose to 20 lakhs in 1978 and became 30 lakhs in 1993. However, this does not include the jobs in public sector undertakings. Maximum number of job provided by the government are in defence, railways and Post offices.

Expenditure incurred by undertaking may be divided into two categories. The capital expenditure and revenue or operating expenditure which is realized within a year is known as revenue or operating expenditure whereas expenditure which provides benefit (cash flow) for periods exceeding one year is known as capital expenditure. The key characteristic of capital expenditure is that a major part of the expenditure is made at one point of time and benefits are realized at different points of time. Investment on fixed assets is a capital expenditure. But capital expenditure does not mean investment on fixed assets alone. The motives for capital expenditure may be to acquire, replace or modernize fixed assets or to obtain some benefit over a longer period. Decision making, planning and controlling investment on tangible assets with long life may be defined as fixed assets management. Decision on commitment of funds to long term uses are very critical because they deal with large funds over long period and there is little change of reversing decisions once made and put into effect. Moreover, an unsound capital expenditure decision may prove to be fatal to the very existence of the concerns, for the long term commitment of funds increases the financial risk. The penalty for unwise decision is severe as the amount is substantial and capital expenditure decision provides the foundation that supports the operating activities. Therefore selection of fixed assets is one of the major problems faced by financial management. Besides investment decisions of fixed assets are of national importance since they determine the patterns and extent of employment, economic activity and economic growth.

The present paper titled “Light of Awareness in ShashiDeshpande's The Dark Holds No Terror” tries to define 'Self' with a philosophical outlook.In Indian Philosophy man is accountable for man ----“it has its interests in the haunts of men and not in supralunar solitudes; 'AtmanamViddhi', know the self, sums up the law and the prophets. Within man in the spirit that is the center of everything”.Saru had a very bad childhood due to her mother, who symbolizes a submissive figure of patriarchy.Sankaracharya in explaining on the Vedanta Sutras says “anything beside the supreme self is illusory . . . the world is created by maya the inscrutable power of the Lord, and is therefore unreal” and again “duality is an illusion and non-duality is Ultimate Reality”. Saru lives and grows within the oppositional structures of freedom and bondage, domination and resistance, a space within which she negotiates, accepts, and defies the norms of family and society. Saru is a neglected child without mother's nurturing care.

Shakuntala Devi says both the husband and the wife have to develop self-control and a high sense of responsibility. They have to realize that human nature being what it is, temperamental differences are bound to arise now and then in daily life, and they can not get rid of by divorce and a second marriage. Happiness in family is possible only if the husband and the wife are prepared to make great sacrifices in order to accommodate themselves to each other. Divorce should be the last remedy in very exceptional cases.

Manju Kapur's 'A Married Woman' begins with the opening line of the book “Astha was brought up properly, as befits a woman, with large supplements of fear” (P-1) speaking about the different phases in the life of a woman in pre and post – marriage. Manju Kapur has very cleverly, with deep insight captured the heroine, Astha's growing up years….Simultaneously, she also depicts the gripping political situation with the same fervor, as she describes Astha's action and inner turmoil.

In 2012, Life insurance penetration in India which is the major indicator of growth of insurance in the country was just 3.17 % compared to Japan 9.2%, Taiwan 15.0% S. Korea 6.9%. (IRDA Annual Report 2012-13, p121-122) One of the important reasons for low penetration was/is unawareness of the Indian people about need of insurance in their life. It is true that with the establishment of IRDA and with the entry of private sector insurance companies, life insurance market is witnessing introduction of innovative, need based and customer friendly products. However, still majority of the Indian population is either uninsured or under-insured. Yet, buying a life insurance policy is not a subject of preference on the 'agenda' of most of the Indian people. Those who take out an insurance policy give priority for tax exemption and saving rather than risk cover. This paper is an attempt to study the awareness about need of life insurance among the customers of LIC. This research revealed that the customers are aware about need of life insurance in their life and the Individual Agents of LIC are the major source of information for the policyholders.

The Tribals are believed to be the original inhabitants of India. It is an anthropological concept. Atribe is generally defined as a social group usually living in a definite area, having a dialect, cultural homogeneity and unified social organisation. The Constitution was written by the founding fathers those were very conscious of the real state of the country – they were aware of the people who form Scheduled Caste (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Backward Classes and the social problems associated with them. That is why they included special provisions for the rights of these groups. The Constitution laid down guidelines, which the State must follow in regard to these backward groups. In Article 46, the Constitution has said that the State shall protect SCs, STs and provide means for their development and has laid down means for doing so.

The Success or failure of any organization depends on an effective combination of money, material, machinery and men of these, however, the management of human resources is a very important and challenging task. Today, human resources are considered to be the most important asset in any organization. The competence and commitment of managers plays an important role in accomplishing the organizational objectives. Now-a-days management is emerged as a profession. A professional is a person who has undergone a certain rigorous training to acquire a body of knowledge and develop certain skills with the objective of rendering service to the society. As manager is the leader of the organization be must have some competencies or skills to perform his job effectively. In the changing business environment of cut –throat competition and in the era of globalization, a manager has to play an important role for the success of organization. The skill or competencies help the manager to perform his role in an excellent way. The present study is an attempt to analyses the professional competencies of practicing managers. The basic assumption of the study is that, different practicing managers possess different Professional Competencies.

This paper is based on the secondary data collected from various resources in this paper we focused on the disability and the various other aspects of disability with special reference to the women. According to Macmillan disability refers to “Someone who is disabled is unable to use part of their body or brain properly because of injury or disease”. Further the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) identifies and defines the following categories of disability, Physical disability which affects a person's mobility or dexterity, Intellectual disability which affects a person's abilities to learn, Psychiatric disability which affects a person's thinking processes and Sensory disability which affects a person's ability to hear or see, Neurological disability which results in the loss of some bodily or mental functions. A person with any one of the above mentioned type of disability faces a lot of marginalization by the so called normal people and most of the time the basic civil right s are denied for the access of these people only because of these people are weaker sections in the society and majority of them are dependable

This paper is a survey of the settlement of Nepalese in Sikkim from 18th to 20th century and its impact on the economy of Sikkim. Prior to the establishment of the Namgyal dynasty the economy of Sikkim depended on agriculture and cattle rearing. The whole area was covered with dense forests and the requirements of the people were met by its produce in the form of fodder and fuels. The scanty population could move and settle anywhere along with their families and cattle. With the establishment of the Namgyal dynasty in 1642 a new kingdom of Sikkim came into being. They tried to give a uniform system of administration and the state was formed and the process of assimilation of different stocks and races viz. the Bhutias, the Lepchas and the Nepalese continued till the first half of the 20th century. This process resulted in a number of social and economic systems either by adaptation or copying the system that prevailed in Sikkim, Tibet and Nepal. In the late 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century Sikkim started having a close contact with the neighbouring country of Nepal by the way of Nepalese conquests of Sikkimese lands in the south-west and cross border movements.

Educational Leadership Quality is the base of education in colleges of various discipline organized the program to develop the leadership quality for all student but this program not compulsory it's optional in this situation mostly the girl's student not participation in this program. On the other hand college of teacher education is compulsory part to participate the various leadership program organized in college level. In the present study evaluated the leadership quality among the various faculty of education studying girls student in the city of pusad city.

An NDF is a cash-settled forward contract, traded over-the-counter for currencies that are not fully convertible. There is a need to study non-deliverable forwards (NDF) as a hedging tool and various other aspects of NDF market in the Indian context. The objective of this paper is to explore and explain the concept of NDFs, since many people do not understand the reasons for its existence and how it works. Recently, the interest in NDF markets has increased owing to increase in its trading activity and the fear of NDFs weakening the domestic currency. In India, the size of INR NDF market has grown substantially since last few years and RBI has been suspecting that speculation in overseas markets is actually influencing domestic rates and is working on regulating NDF market.

In today's era business have wider scope in International Business. Even small industries have their vision to extend their business unit to some other country. Ofcourse the ultimate aim is to earn maximum profit. As this the case worldwide, our country is no were apart. Recent studies states that emerging women entrepreneurs have enlarged in enormous way. This study investigates the key factors which hamper women entrepreneurs in India to enter International Business. Women entrepreneur is a person who accept challenging role to meet her personal needs and economic needs. Many women have this quality and even get a platform to show their talents, yet they are driven back to become entrepreneurs internationally. Even though our constitution speaks equality between men and women, she lacks behind to enter for International Business. The present paper examines the factors obstructing Indian women to enter global business as entrepreneurs through explorative study

Dairy industry provides huge number of employment throughout the year and provides reasonable income (Direct and indirectly) to millions of people across the globe. Dairy business in rural areas, mostly women are involved in it. Tamilnadu dairy industry plays a significant role in the success of Indian dairy sector. The industry growth in last five years is much lower in the recent times. The low growth was witnessed due to number of issues during the milk production. There are various factors contributing to this low productivity. This article attempts to study only the major issues hampering milk production in Tamilnadu.

Protected cultivation is popular in worldwide. The idea of growing plants in environmentally controlled area has existed since Roman times. The first modern greenhouse was built in the 13th century. In India greenhouses were used for only research purpose. Now days the protected cultivation is spread in USA, Israel, Netherlands, China, and U.K. Mexico etc. and so on. The floriculture industry has now emerging as golden industry in market.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of yoga therapy on selected Underweight subjects. The study was conducted on 16 subjects having underweight .These subjects randomly divided into two groups 12 subjects in experimental group, 4 subjects in control group, 12 subjects, selected for experimental were given the yogic treatment .The remaining 4 subjects, of control group, they were asked to continue their routine work in the study period.16 subjects were of the age of 21 and 26 years. The study was conduct at men's hostel, Mangalore University in for a period of 36 days from 12th February to 21st March .Body Mass Index (BMI), Haemoglobin, Body Water Content were used as parameters. These parameters were measured both at the beginning and at the end of the study, using pre-post experimental test design. The yoga therapy group obtained significance increasing in the Body Mass Index (p= 0.0019), Haemoglobin (p= 0.0002) .There was no significant changes in the subject of control group. The study conducted for longer duration with more No: of subjects may give higher significant results. To get better results, the study may be accepted out with controlled Life-style and food. The above study indicates that Yoga Therapy works well in the management of Underweight.

HDI is an important parameter to represent the quality of life for a region and factors like Education, Health and Energy impact the overall value of HDI. HDI with perspective of energy is studied in this report for different states of the country. Different states of the country are compared on the basis of financial investments, energy consumption from different sources and per capita income as well. Based on the analysed data states were divided into different clusters for better analysis. Insights were drawn from statistical analysis of the plots obtained. Suitable state wise measures for better implementation of policies have also been suggested.

Modern marketing has all opportunities and challenges for new and existed marketer for exciting opening in various current and latest entry of innovative and comprehensive compass the new products and services. Marketing is a process that affects our lives. We are consumers, but many of us are part of marketing like salespersons, wholesalers, rivals, Raw material suppliers and so force. As we know, the concept of marketing is constantly redefined. Marketing defines activities that create value through exchange between parties. This concept is a traditional definition of marketing. That used in many companies and organization, but in the globalization age, another concept is created that called modern marketing. In this article we tried to examine the concept of modern marketing, role and characteristics and challenges of its usage in companies and firms.

Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of fatalities in the world. An important indicator of survival rates after an accident is the time between the accident and when emergency medical personnel are dispatched to the location. Eliminating the time between when an accident occurs and when first responders are dispatched to the location decreases mortality rates by 6%. We propose an Android based application that location of the vehicle through an positive detection by sending details about the accident through SMS to pre-defined destinations, immediately followed by an automatic phone call to the emergency services.

-Rabindranath Tagore's Educational Philosophy Generally, Western philosophy of education comprises two schools, traditional and modern. It has its roots in Athens, Rome and Judeo-Christianity, whilst Tagore's philosophy of education draws its inspiration from ancient Indian philosophy of education. However, it could be said that Tagore's philosophy of education may become a representation of the Eastern philosophy apart from others like Islam, Confucianism, Taoism, and Mahayana Buddhism. By looking on Western countries and India, both countries have distinct differences in their ways of developing and shaping an individual, in terms of skills and attitudes. Thus, different cultures will have different philosophies, which results in different ways of doing things, especially in educating the next generation. Philosophy of education developed by the West was shaped through philosophical thought, which manifested through an idea characterized by Materialism, Idealism, Secularism, and Rationalism

Calcium cadmium tartrate crystals were synthesized by mixing calcium ion with cadmium into sodium meta silicate gel with tartrate acid at room temperature. Calcium cadmium tartrate crystals were formed by controlled diffusion. In the present study, the grown crystals were confirmed by x-ray diffraction and Infrared spectroscopy. Photoluminescence spectrum shows ultra violet, violet and blue emissions. The energy dispersive analysis by x-rays (EDAX) proved the incorporation of calcium in cadmium tartrate. The results of these observations are described and discussed in detail.

The subject Geography deals with the spatial variation of different attributes over the earth's surface. The land with its landscape provides opportunities for the people to live in and that also differ depending on the geographical location. The history, culture, living style and stage of development of a social group or nation are exclusively or largely governed by the physical factors of environment. Observation, description, explanation and presentation are significant stages of representing the physical, economic and socio-cultural aspects of the earth's surface are the utmost objectives of any geographers and field scientists. The present study concentrates on Kodappamund village one of the 19 villages of Udhagamandalam block and one of the 54 revenue villages of Nilgiri district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Kottarumand is a small and a picturesque village located on the terrace of the Nilgiris in the vicinity of the town of Udhagamandalam. It has a total number of 88 houses, mostly dependent on agriculture and tourism and is situated 7 kms away from the main town of Ooty. How people dwelling in this village has moulded their life and adjusted to the physical environment of the area has been highlighted. Problems related to water scarcity, infrequent rainfall pattern leading to agriculture related problems, highland areas are some of the problems which act as hindrance to a normal lifestyle to people.

The paper is an attempt to find out factors influencing online buyers, as well as those factors which affect non buyers for not to shop online. As buyers market can be divided into number of segments which facilitate marketers to design their strategies that leads them toward success. Therefore finding base for segmentation is the key task of marketers. The paper may help to segment market on the basis of gender by finding out various factors that affect by male and female buyer. Instrument is executed on 246 samples in four colleges of Satara, to find out influencing factors using factor analysis. Result of the research indicates that there is significant association between gender and goods purchased online and there is no any significant association between gender and spending on online shopping.

Female Genital Mutilation or FGM as it is popularly known, refers to the cutting of the genetilia of a woman or her sexual organs through circumcision. This procedure is performed through the usage of a sharp blade or razor and without any external medication or anaesthesia. Some reasonate these beliefs as the preservation of a woman's fidelity/virginity. It is assured that a woman who is circumcised is acceptable for marriage and religious requirements. Otherwise a woman who is not circumcised is said to be 'Childish and Whorish'. Regarding religious perspective, FGM practitioners say that Islam permits procedure of female circumcision. But nowhere in the Quran it is said that a woman should be circumcised.

This paper reports for the metallic nanoshelled structures with rigorous electromagnetic analysis. Two metallic nanoshelled structures are investigated; namely, single nano-shelled cylinder, and nano-shelled photonic crystals. A rigorous Maxwell’s equations solver is used to get insights into the optical properties of the structures. Our numerical simulations show that it is difficult to shift the plasmon resonance to long wavelength in such a structure. Flat bands are found in the metallic nanoshelled photonic crystals when the lattice constants are much smaller than the operating wavelength.

The Present study was undertaken to study the effectiveness of creative teaching of science for sustainable development amount the students of STD X. The objective of this study is to develop in students the ability to recognize problems, to be flexible in thinking, to invent and originate ideas of products, to find new uses for old without affecting the future resources and construct new and original solutions to problems. A descriptive survey was conducted; the sample of the study included 60 students. The investigators took group consisting of 36 students and another group as control groups consisting of 24 students. Apre-test was constructed by the investigators. The stud revealed that the success of the creative science learing is helpful in enhancing the understanding of the sustainable development.

Microorganisms also practice community living and form biofilms developed on preferred surfaces. The sessile and planktonic organisms show differences in hydrophobicity as determined by the BATH index. The saccharides of the EPS produced was determined using the phenol-sulphuric acid method and Rhamnolipids using the Orcinol method. Dye released from stained biofilms is also indicative of the density of the biofilm. Motility was reduced on formation of cell aggregates in mature biofilms. The extent of light penetration through the biofilms indicates the extent of stacking, its cohesive or incrusting nature, determined using a light meter. Chromium has wide industrial use and hexavalent chromate is toxic on account of its higher solubility. Among the different processes and approaches being used by microorganisms for chromate remediation, the use of biofilms may be a good alternative for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium. Chromate uptake was studied in suspended or free living daughter cells that have originated out of a single mature biofilm. FTIR spectra of loaded and unloaded biomass can be used to determine the functional groups responsible for biosorption of chromium.

In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007-08, the flaws of the Basel regulatory framework have been exposed. Basel norms, characterised by a risk weighted measure of bank capital, have not served as an adequate tool for macro prudential regulation. The breakdown of the global financial system has questioned the complexity and adequacy of the imposed capital requirements and revealed its adverse implications for financial stability. Hence, the Basel Committee is at it again with proposals for new capital adequacy and liquidity requirements, denoted Basel III. This paper attempts to highlight the underlying weaknesses of Basel norms as a means to regulate the financial system and the implications of adopting Basel III norms for a developing country like India.

Yashwant Lake is located on Toranmal Plateau, one of the important plateaus in mid-Western Satpura Mountains. Seasonal variation in Microcrustaceans density and species richness was studied for two years of Yashwant Lake. The two year data so obtained were analyzed for seasonal variation. The mean, SEM and One way ANOVA was calculated. The Pearson correlation was calculated by keeping Microcrustaceans as dependent variable and abiotic factors as independent variables. Total twenty species of Microcrustaceans were recorded in study period. This revealed that the density and species richness of Microcrustaceans was maximum in summer, while it was minimum in post--monsoon. The Microcrustaceans community structure depends on a variety of environmental factors that include biological parameters, such as predation or competition, as well as various physic-chemical factors.