Alleviation of poverty and r eduction in inequalities of agricultural development has been th e ce nt ra l th em e in th e In di an de ve lo pm en t pl an ni ng si nc e it s in ce pt io n. Decentralization of the development planning fr om the center and state to District, Block and village levels has also been emphasized as an effective way of achieving stated objectives fr om the beginning of the planning era. A district has often been suggested as the basic planning unit in the decentralization pr ocess and over the r ecent past, the working gr oup on district planning constituted under the auspices of the planning Commission r ecommended that the district planning bodies should be vested with the functional powers of sect oral allocation of divisional plan outlays.

A diagnostic test is a test that is used to r eveal an individual's weaknesses and str engths in a certain course ofstudy . The tests ar e designed to analyse individual's performanceand the causes of learning difficulty . Another purpose ofdiagnostic testing is to furnish continuous specific information in or der that learning activities may be most pr oductive of desirableoutcomes.It would also help teachers to detect what is wr ong with their teaching and impr ove it. This paper focuses on a study conducted on 55 Student teachers with purpose to measur e their str engths and weakness in English grammar . A pr etest was administer ed to measur e the understanding of four ar eas in English grammar namely

The historical daily rainfall data for the period of 40 years (1972-201 1) of Dinhata in Koch Behar district of W .B. wer e analyzed to know weekly , monthly , seasonal, annual and decadal rainfall variability and pr obabilities at differ ent level for suitable cr op planning. The overall mean annual rainfall was 2909.88 mm, with standar d deviation 658.39 mm and coefficient of variation 22.62 %. The annual rainfall of 2800.5 mm with 105 rainy days and 2487.2 mm rainfall and 91 rainy days may be expected with 51.24% and 75.64 % pr obability level, r espectively . The seasonal rainfall was distributed as 2158.6 mm, 535.86 mm and 215.39 mm in kharif (June to September), summer (Mar ch to May) and rabi (October to February) seasons, r espectivel

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the last stage of the Nawab's Rule in the Carnatic Region. The Carnatic Region formed the southernmost r egion in India. Over this r egion, the Nawabs of Ar cot Subha ruled for a long period fr om 1736 to 1801.It was very vast and especially the southern part of the Carnatic Region was fertile and known for its pr osperity . When the Nawab Rule was established, the British emer ged as r eckoning power in T amil Country . When the W allajah Nawab consolidated his position, the British also enhanced their military superiority . Owing to the Carnatic Debts, the position of the Nawab was r educed to a titular r ole and the British gained their authority in the Carnatic r egion

The pr esent paper explained the r elationship of unmarried major persons of heter ogeneous sex. Does it amount to an offence? Ther e ar e various Supr eme Court cases to explain that live in r elationship is a gist of the right to life and personal liberty . Live in r elationship is to be compar ed to marriage if the spouses to live together for long period. But the spouses ar e fr ee to live separately without any legal hassles like divor ce. Rights, r esponsibilities and obligations of the parties is definite for built safe and secur e society . The pr esent paper also explained that the rights of wife as maintenance and alimony , legitimacy of the childr en and pr operty rights under Hindu law as well as pr otection pr ovides under Domestic V iolence Act, 2005

An industrial accident may affect the working capacity of the workers. If the worker disabled is highly skilled and experienced one, this loss is greater. Prevention of industrial accident is necessary because workers life which is valuable should be protected and preserved in good condition.It is well said, health is wealth. It is health which enables the worker to go through his work and complex it in time cheerfully. If workers health is good, they can work with full capacity and efficiency. . Industrial health depends upon the worker health and workers health depends upon the safety measures provided by the organization . It helps to increase the production and profit of the organization.

Irrigation generates employment and capital formation in India. It may supplement the slender income of poor farmers by side jobs. It encourages farmers to adopt mor e scientific techniques. The paper based on the details of the pr oject, command ar ea development plan, water r esour ce, cr opping pattern and baseline status in the command ar ea ar e discussed

Geographers ar e concerned with the spatial distribution of geographical phenomena. In case of urban centers ther e gr owth and distribution ar e the r esults of combined effect of various factors. The distributional pattern of urban centers ar e influenced by differ ent physical, cultural, historical and political factor . In the study r egion urban centers ar e unevenly distributed. Even at the district laved ther e is gr eat variation in the distributed pattern of urban centers. In this paper , an attempt has been made to analyze the factors influencing the distribution of urban settlement, urban population and degr ee of urbanization. Further , an attempt has also been made to identity the concentration of urban settlement in the study r egion

The gall bladder of four amphibiansviz. Ranatigrina,Ranacyanophlyctis,Bufohololius, a n d B u f o m e l a n o s t i c t u s w e r e s t u d i e d b y e m p l o y i n g h i s t o l o g i c a l a n d h i s t o c h e m i c a l t e c h n i q u e s . T h e g a l l b l a d d e r w a l l w a s c o m p a r a t i v e l y t h i c k i n Ranatigrina,andRanacyanophlyctisbut was thin in r emaining species. The epithelial cells of mucosa wer e tall columnar inRanacyanophlyctis and cuboidal in B.hololius. The mucosa was smooth, without any folds in the gall bladder of R.tigrina and B.melanostictus but it was with short and br oad folds in r emaining amphibians. The mucosal epithelial cells wer e only of one type in all amphibians. The submucosal glands wer e absent.

“Long live Revolution” and “Down with Imperialism”, that formed the crux of our ideas. That portion was removed from our statement. Generally a wrong meaning is attributed to the word revolution. That is not our understanding. Bombs and Pistols do not make revolution. The sword of revolution is sharpened on the whetting stone of ideas. This is what we wanted to emphasize. By revolution we mean the end of miseries of capitalist wars. -Bhagat Singh in a statement before Lahore High Court bench 1930. “Revolution does not mean an upheaval or a sanguinary strife. Revolution necessarily implies the programme of systematic reconstruction of a society on new and better adopted basis after ample destruction of existing state of affairs”

The pr esent study aims to find out the social support among private and public sector employees. 100 employees wer e selected on the basis of using stratified random sampling method. Fifty fr om private and public sector to assess social support Kompier M, Levi L. Str ess at W ork (1994) was used. The r esults r evealed that Private sector employees have higher social support than public sector employees.

The pr esent paper r eports the electrical conductivity of Se-T e-Sb based chalcogenide glasses under a vacuum of 10-4 T orr . The samples wer e pr epar ed by quenching technique. Quenching was done in ice water and the glassy natur e of alloys was verified by X-ray diffraction. In general, the conductivity in chalcogenide glasses at higher temperatur es is dominated by band conduction (DC conduction). But, at lower temperatur es, hop-ping conduction dominates over band conduction. A study at lower temperatur e can, eventually , pr ovide useful information about the conduction mechanism and the defect states in the material. Ther efor e, the study of electrical pr operties of Se-T e-Sb Based Chalcogenide Glasses in the lower temperatur e r egion (r oom temperatur e) is inter esting

A mos t essen tial block in an y communic ation s ys t em is the radio frequency front end. These challenging phenomenon prove t o be a limiting f act or in res tricting sensitivity , bandwidth, range, and of communic ation s ys t ems. The necessity f or increasingly higher dat a rat es, low cos t t echnology , and comple x designs drives demand in wireless and its supporting t echnologies that comprise the front-end. These basic componen ts: low-noise amplifier (LNA), mix er , variable gain amplifier (V GA), volt age-con trolled oscillat or (VC O), and filt er are needed f or almos t all wireless s ys t ems which are used in receiver s ys t em.

V alue chain up-gradation appr oach is very much r elevant for poverty r eduction, addr essing gender and envir onment r elated issues in traditional as well as no- traditional sector . In a state like T ripura wher e bamboo gr ows naturally and abundantly , its value chain up gradation is of paramount importance. It helps to develop and upgrade the various nodes in the value chain and dir ect impact could be found in socio-economic development of rural poor and small pr oducer gr oups. The policy makers, rural development pr ofessionals and r elated stakeholders could also find a better way of planning to give space to integrate the poor pr oducers in market. The private investors, entr epr eneurs could also get a business enabling envir onment to scale-up the sector to get an opportunity to link with domestic and international markets.

mplications of economic policies initiated and pursued by the Government for the cr eation of gainful employment opportunities. After independence, when India initiated the pr ogramme of economic development thr ough planning mechanism, neither of the two pr evalent economic theories i.e. the Keynesian theory of effective demand and the neo-classical theory of flexible wage rates was not found suitable to the Indian conditions. This is the labour surplus but capital scar ce economy was far fr om being found

The Objectives of the study wer e(i)to study the Job satisfaction of the teacher in the North Maharashtra University campus,(ii) to Compar e the Job satisfaction of Male & female T eacher in N.M.U. Campus,(iii) to study the Job Satisfaction accor ding to the Natur e of Appointment. A sample of 40 teachers working in North Maharashtra university Jalgaon Maharashtra wer e selected random sampling technique. The sample subjects administer ed a test- T eacher's Job Satisfaction Scale by , Pr of. Mudgil , Muhar& Bhatia. The scale consist of 75 items &the Reliability coefficients ar e o.85 abd 0.95 by split half and test r etest methods r espectively . For testing the hypothesis of the study & drawing the infer ence fr om data collected 't' test was used

Some concerns, such as debugging or logging functionality , can not be captur ed cleanly , and must be tangled and scatter ed thr oughout the code base. These concerns ar e called cr osscutting concerns. Aspect-Oriented Pr ogramming (AOP) is a paradigm that enables developers to captur e cr osscutting concerns in separate aspect modules. The use of aspects has been shown to impr ove understandability and maintainability of systems. It has been shown that r eal-time concerns, such as memory management and thr ead scheduling, It has been shown that r eal-time concerns, such as memory management and thr ead scheduling, ar e cr osscutting concerns [4, 5, 7, 10]

In his essay , “ T radition and the individual T alent”, Eliot announces his famous theory of impersonality as well as defines ' tradition' afr esh. For Eliot 'tradition' is not the dead past but the ever -pr esent tradition, which influences every writer of the pr esent. He defines 'historical sense' as that sense of writer which makes him fully conscious, not only of his own age but also of the gr eat writers of the past. The mor e he matur es in his writing the mor e does he feel the influenc e of tradition, that is , the past masters on his works. In this awar eness of tradition which dir ects or guides his writing lies his r ecognition of tradition as a mor e valuable institution, than he, the individual writer . The individual writer modifies the tradition as much as he is informed by it

Given the facts of having only a primary education, a personality of very simple and non- eloquent way of expr essing ideas and no significant political backgr ound of family , a self-taught, life-long bachelor , K.Kamaraj (KK), Chielf Minister of Madras Pr esidency fr om 1954-63, r ose fr om nothing to a nationally acclaimed parliamentarian, efficient national party leader , corrupt fr ee administrator , educational visionary and a man of the masses. This paper performs a cr oss-sectional analysis on the factors that could have enabled KK for his steep political ascension fr om the perspective of mass appeal

The postmodern Indian English novel is typically characterized by a rather confusing intermingling of genres. This ambiguity and intermixing of genres is mostly evident in the promiscuous blurring of boundaries between fact and fiction, history and myth. The twin elements of fact and fiction have come to play a dominant role in the postmodern texts with writers like Salman Rushdie, Shashi Tharoor and Amitav Ghosh being its ardent exponents. As literature has its roots in history, it often nourished and took sustenance from it. But in the recent times this relationship between myth and history or fact and fiction has become problematic. This problematization of the boundaries is one of the characteristics of postmodernism.

College libraries in the district of Murshidabad started its journey way back in 1853. So far during the long period of over 150 years, libraries have witnessed ups and downs in terms of available finance leading to shortage of manpower and also infrastructur e etc. Often libraries ar e found not equipped with modern gadgets and trained manpower . Even paucity of physical infrastructur e such r oom space, etc. is evident fr om the study . Number of books available per student, annual expenditur e incurr ed on running the library is found to be pathetically low . Sometimes libraries ar e not equipped with basic and 'must have' facilities in the age of IT r evolution such as internet links and thus facility of access to online publications and r esour ce sharing etc. is a distant dr eam. Lack of books, journals and periodicals, lack of r epr ographic facility as well as internet etc. ar e the major cause of concerns expr essed by the user .

Str ess is any physic al or emotional factor t hat causes bodily or mental unr est. Str ess is major component of ill health. Most health benefits people get because they ar e able to physical, mental & emotional str ess with laughter yoga exer cises. Once the str ess levels ar e down, the immune system becomes str onger automatically . 1.Psychological/Mental Benefits: Participating in the Y oga Laughing Club benefits in Str ess and tension r eduction, overall attitude development, impr oves r elaxation and sleep, r educe depr ession, impr ove overall mental health, boost self confidence and mental functions. It was also confirmed that it does not benefits for psychosomatic disor ders and natural pain killers

The term 'Devadasi' means a woman attendant or a maid servant of a God. The Bombay Devadasi Pr otection Act, 1934 was passed to eradicate the custom of Devadasi. Accor dingly the 'Devadasi means any unmarried woman who is dedicated to any Hindu 2 deity , idol, object of worship, temple or other r eligious institutions. The Government of Karnataka passed the “Karnataka Devadasi (Pr ohibition of Dedication) Act, 1981. Accor ding to this Act, 'Devadasi' means 'any woman so dedicated' and the meaning of the term dedication is the performance of any Act or cer emony by whatever name called, by which a woman is dedicated to the service of any 3 deity , idol, object of worship, temple, other r eligious institution or places of worship

The National Rural Health Mission has been a Whistle Blower Policy started by the Government of India in April 2005 to encourage vigilant community participation in the dir ection of pr oviding accessible, affor dable, acceptable and accountable, effective and quality healthcar e services, especially to the rural and vulnerable gr oups thr oughout the State with special focus on the backwar d districts with weak human development and health indicators. The launch of the mission aimed at addr essing the issue of small and declining health sector financing by the Central and State governments in India. The State of Karnataka has constituted specific strategies and actions for achieving the goals set under the NRHM in its State Health Action Plan.

An attempt was made on the survey of clinical pr ofile of tuber culosis. Suffer er persons wer e selected for the study . T otal 746 patients including 442 male and 304 females wer e performed fr om rural Rahata, Ahmednagar , MS during 2010-1 1. V arious pathological tests as hemoglobin, urine sugar , urine albumin, and HIV and weight loss wer e noticed. Clinical survey r evealed that 9.24% positive patients in which 8.66% was Hb loss and 8.95% was weight loss. The clinical compliance patient has advised to take medical tr eatment and other pr otective measur es

The pr oject is dealing with the various aspects of war d no 19 and 20 of Kolkata Municipality of W est Bengal. The r esear ch has analyzed the appraisal of urbanization on vegetation with the help of spectral and spatial information. Some specified socio- cultural aspects like r oad types, r oad carriage, r oad width, footpath availability etc has been chosen to determine the magnitude of impacts on vegetation coverage. The study indicates the vegetation coverage and vegetation health is r elatively better wher e socio- cultural aspects do not hamper their existence. Negative corr elation is r epr esented between r oad density and vegetation ratio. The study shows ther e is a possibility of destruction of vegetation if r oad width is expanded by 6 meter .

Black feminism is one of the important strains in the feministic theory . Amidst a rallying cry for r ealizing the essence of feminism in the writing of black writers, black feministic writers very vividly bring to the surface its myriad sketches, which wer e hitherto operating under the veneer of very pr ominent Black male writers. Now the black female writer , thr ough the conduit of their writing, have taken an onus on themselves to bring to limelight the oppr ession which is unleashed upon them thr ough thei r own males, white females, and the white men primarily .

M-Banking is fast gr owing in India as cost effectiveness. It is virtual banking model to used banking in anywher e anytime whenever it r equir ement. M-Banking service used without paper , so it is help to the society make gr eener planet. M-Banking pr ovided services without any r estrictions. Customers have not visit branch, so its cost beneficiary of all kind. M-Banking means used banking services over thr ough mobile network. Over the last few years, the mobile and wir eless market has been one of the fastest gr owing markets in the world and it is still gr owing at a rapid pace.

Social Empowerment of Sc W omen: The Social Empowerment of W omen includes equal access to Education, Health, Envir onment, Shelter , Nutrition, etc. Equal access to education for women and girls will be ensur ed. Special measur es will be taken to eliminate discrimination, universalize education, eradicate illiteracy , cr eate a gender -sensitive educational system, incr ease enr olment and r etention rates of girls and impr ove the quality of e d u c a t i o n t o f a c i l i t a t e l i f e - l o n g l e a r n i n g a s w e l l a s d e v e l o p m e n t o f occupation/vocation/technical skills by women. Reducing the gender gap in secondary and higher education would be a focus ar ea

T ourism plays a gr eat r ole towar ds socio-economic changes. In J&K, ther e ar e number of tourist places but pilgrimage tourism has its own importance after the eruption of militancy in the the state. Accor ding to Indian sentiment the pilgrim centers used to visit by number of tourists to earn virtue. Mata V aishno Devi Pilgrimage is one of such place wher e visiting once, thought as; one can fulfill all her/his desir es and simultaneously , such type of visits, boost the economic gr owth of the state. Ther efor e, the pr esent paper aims to highlight the income effect of pilgrimage tourism on the economy of J&K with special r efer ence to Shri Mata V aishno Devi. The data gather ed for the study came fr om two categories namely primary data and secondary data.

Debt Receipts is the main sour ce of r evenue the State Governments in India. They can be classified br oadly as: 1) Own Debt Receipt 2) Market Borr owing of the States; 3) Loans fr om Centr e; 4) Unfunded Debt; and 5) Floating Debt Receipts, which further consist of ways and means advances and over draft fr om the Reserve Bank of India. Due to the paucity of internal r esour ces, the State Governments cannot sustain the lar ge plan outlay , hence they have to adopt to public borr owings

This paper focused on impr oving the effectiveness of human values should be implemented to survive our day to day life as well as the society and the universe. It is very important to clarify due to our social and moral values ar e being degraded day by day fr om our peaceful society . If we want to pr otect such type of values, we have to make ethical life and ethical decision in an appr opriate way in the age of Science and T echnology . Everybody knows that no nations can be survived smoothly without making an ethical life and taking an ethical decision. This paper is intended her e to bring out the practical ethics of the Upanishads and its ethical dimension.

Geography touches every aspect of our lives. At its simplest, geography is concerned with wher e something is at, why it's ther e, and how it r elates to things ar ound it. Geography influences wher e we live, affects our economic pr osperity , has dictated the outcome of significant historical events, and shapes our local, r egional, and global r elationships with each other . Ther efor e, it is taught at school level with a view to str engthen students' understanding of Geographic aspects and their r oles in the development.Geography as a cor e school subject is intr oduced in Karnataka at 8th standar d. Since, its inception a duration of 30 years is passed over . This paper is focused on the Geography teaching with following objectives:

English grammar has its own intr ecacies and nuances that always keeps the non-native learners always on their toes. Though differ ent modern and innovative methods ar e adopted by the English teachers in their classr ooms to make their teaching effective and r esult-oriented, still teaching of the various items of English grammar is a daunting task and it r equir es har dwork, patience and perseverance that can pr ocur e high yields. One such grammar item is 'Pr eposition' which always cause numer ous pr oblems to both teachers and students

An earthquake r esisting building is one that has been deliberately designed in such a way that the structur e r emains safe and suffers no appr eciable damage during destructive earthquake. However , it has been seen that during past earthquakes many of the buildings wer e collapsed due to failur e of vertical members. Ther efor e, it is necessary to pr ovide vertical members str ong so as to sustain the design earthquake without catastr ophic failur e. Capacity designing is aiming towar ds pr oviding vertical members str onger compar ed to horizontal structural elements. A structur e designed with capacity design concept does not develop any suitable failur e mechanism or modes of inelastic deformation which cause the failur e of the structur es

The objective of the study is to find out the par ental anxiety among the visually impair ed childr en and normal childr en. In the pr esent investigation, 120 visually impair ed childr en and normal childr en and their par ents wer e selected. Equal number of 60 subjects belonged to the gr oup of visually impair ed childr en and normal childr en. Of which 30 wer e males and females in each gr oup. Both fathers and mothers of these childr en wer e selected for the pr esent study . The r esults of the pr esent study r evealed that par ents of both male and female visually impair ed childr en experienced mor e anxiety than the par ents of normal childr en. Gender did not have any effect on par ental anxiety among visually impair ed childr en and normal childr en

7 lines x 3 testers mating design along with 10 eggplant genotypes and 21 F1s wer e used of line, tester was higher than that of interaction of line x tester for all the characters. The ratio of SCA and GCA variance was less than unit and for number of branches per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant indicating the pr edominance of non-additive gene action over the additive gene action. The female Annamalai, male KKM-1 was observed to be good general combiners for most of the characters studied. The cr oss between Annamalai x KKM-1 and Co-1 x KKM-1 wer e observed good specific combiners for fruit yield per plant. However the cr oss combination Annamalai x KKM-1 was identified as the pr omising specific combiner for further importance in eggplant

Agricultur e has always been celebrated as the primary and pr edominant sector in the Indian economy . T rue to this, close to 70 per cent of the people still depend on agricultur e and allied activities for their livelihood. The major portion of Indian farming is dependent on natural rain fall. The rainfall in India is unpr edictable. Failur e of rains r esults failur e of cr ops, as a r esult the farming community falls in the debt trap and the farmers who fail to over come these pr oblems may take an extr eme step of ending their life. In the pr esent paper an effort is made to discuss the r ole of community police in the pr evention of suicides among farmers. In the community policing ther e is involvement of citizens in crime pr evention pr ocess. V arious suggestions like educating the farmers on the values of life, about the facilities available to them, designing a model pr ogram for pr evention of farmer's suicides etc have been discussed in the pr esent paper .

The purpose of the study to find out the effect of aggr ession level on big five factor of athletes. Aggr ession Inventory by Roma Pal and T asneem Naqvi. And Personality Inventory (N.E.O.P .I) by Paul T . Costa, Jr ., Ph.D. & Robert R. McCrae, Ph.D. 1989, 1992. Besides a PDS was used to get other necessary information about the athletes. Hypotheses of the study Ther e will be significant differ ence between high aggr essive athletes and low aggr essive athletes on the dimension of personality i e Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agr eeableness and Neur oticism. Conclusion.1. High aggr essive athletes have significantly high openness than low aggr essive athletes. 2. High aggr essive athletes have significantly high conscientiousness than Non- Sports T eachers. 3. Low aggr essive athletes have significantly high extraversion than High aggr essive athletes.4. High aggr essive athletes have significantly high agr eeableness than Low aggr essive athletes. 5. High aggr essive athletes have significantly high neur oticism than Low aggr essive athletes.

Karyotype of 4 male and 3 females of House shr ew , Suncus murinus and 3 male and 3 female squirr els, Funambulus palmarum bellaricus fr om Ahmednagar (M.S.) wer e pr epar ed. The diploid number (2n) for shr ew is 40 and squirr el is 54. A comparison is made between earlier r eported chr omosome number and karyotype of this species.

Learning takes place in the variety of ways such as home schooling, traditional classr oom based learning, distance education, and curr ently , a computer based learning. These methods ar e significantly differ ent and accepted worldwide. Out of these, much of attention is focused on the computer -based learning due to their capabilities and effectiveness. It is intended to study effectiveness of the technology based Interactive computer aided learning tool, incorporating simulations, self evaluation and hands on skills components, over a traditional face-to-face classr oom based learning. Keeping in mind these entir e points for the batter understanding of basic knowledge of concepts, in pr esent r esear ch the r esear cher has developed a C.D., which contains PPT on the physic topics using video, usual aids based on computer , which contains text and some animated diagrams

Recently intr oduced a new topological structur e of D-metric spaces and formulated the fundamental D-contraction principle is class of contraction mappings is further extended and generalized in various dir ections by several authors in the course of time and established several fixed point theor ems or the single as well as pairs of commuting as well non commuting mappings in D-metric spaces