Muslims are the main part of Indian politics, many politicians are contnributed In indian politics in pre-independence period. Muslims they are leaving in India for many of years. Though they are not the natural inhabitants of country yet there role and appearance in Indian politics cannot be overlooked. The role of Muslims during the independence has been the theme of several recent studies. Alot of these managing with important movements.

Today, tourism is one of the largest and dynamically developing sectors ofexternal economic activities. The assessment of impacts means the assessments of development of the region. The Kolhapur district is in developing stage; hence, the impacts are comparatively less. Here, the economic impacts are assessed combine for all destinations. These impacts are measured by Likert scale. The questionnaire for assessment of economic impact consisted of 12 questions to measure a multitude of opinion on how tourists affect different domains. In economic impact it shows that there is impact on the income of the residents and scarcity of the essential goods in season mostly in the religious places like Narsinhwadi and Jotiba and natural places like Panhala and Amba. Overall in Kolhapur district there is positive economic impact of tourism. This impact is observed in Kolhapur city, Narsinhwadi, Panhala and Amba. In socio-cultural impact more impact is on increasing population density.

The present paper discussed on Managerial problems faced by teachers in overcrowded classrooms at secondary level. The overcrowded classrooms create an obstacle in the progressive activities of classroom teaching learning process, the teacher activity successfully in fulfilling and prevent to achieve the instructional objectives and three modes of domains such as cognitive, affective and psychomotor. The teachers may spend most of their time in Overcrowded classrooms, demanding students' attentiveness or concentrating on classroom management activities to regulate students' activities in a proper way. The entire class including the teachers may feel discomfort and teacher may hesitate to teach and watch the clock, to avoid the unfavourable environment of overcrowded classroom and reveal their worries to fellow teachers and others. Instruction in a large group is a challenging task to any teacher who involve in teaching-learning process inside the classroom effectively.

Nowadays, it is commonly thought that new technologies can strongly help in education. In young ages especially, children can use the huge interactivity of new media, and develop their skills, knowledge, perception of the world, under their parents monitoring, of course. In no way traditional education can be replaced, but in this era of fast technological advance and minimization of distance through the use of the Internet, everyone must be equipped with basic knowledge in technology, as well as use it as a medium to reach a particular goal. Online library is a library in which collections are stored in digital formats (as opposed to print, microform, or other media) and accessible via computers. The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer networks. The study of teachers' attitude towards using online library is a significant one and for which the investigator has decided to develop and standardize a scale to measure it.

Banking is the need of our time. It should be a continuous effort that maximum people involve themselves in the banking system. In this process, Interest Free Islamic Banking can play an important role, and recently the Kerala High Court has given an important judgment regarding this issue and now we may hope that a large number of people interested in interest free banking in India will involve themselves in the process of Islamic Banking. The potential for Islamic Banking in India lies in these two points namely India could be a significant market for Islamic Banking Institutions due to its large Muslim population and however, it is still subject to a favorable change in regulatory environment and increased awareness among Muslims and India.

The lower educational status of SC is the issue of concern of government. Despite several policy implementation quantitative & qualitative achievement in SC education is not satisfactory. This paper discusses the factors influencing enrolment, dropout and achievement of SC students. Adverse socio-economic condition of the family, bad quality of schooling, discrimination in education, inadequate provisions and implementations of reservation policy, language problems, gender disparity and weak representation of SCs in curriculum are the factors which have influenced the present educational status of SCs.

The present is an attempt to know about the relationship between economic status and utilization of Affirmative Action by the Backward Classes in rural Haryana. Stratified Random sampling method was used and 305 respondents were selected. The study showed that there was no significant relationships between income of the respondents and their cordial and friendly relationship with upper castes; reservation policy creates a social gap, to obtain govt. jobs and avail age relaxations in getting jobs. But the study highlighted the facts that all respondents, except below Rs. 50000 annual income category, were significantly utilized all types of benefits affirmative action such as in admission, score (marks) relaxations, fee relaxations and scholarships in the field of education availed by themselves or their family members, than their counterparts. The data indicated that those respondents who had the annual income between Rs. 50001-100000 and above Rs. 100000, opinioned that personal efforts and reservation policy are the main determinant for improving their educational standard respectively. The study reveals that Backward Classes People can pursue their higher education without reservation but could not compete with higher castes without it in jobs.

"Child labour" is, generally speaking, work by children that harms them or exploits them in some way (physically, mentally, morally, or by blocking their access to education). Childhood is perhaps the most blessed stage in a human life. It is that phase of life where, children are not really aware of any form of worldly responsibilities, they are free from all the tensions and they can learn a whole lot of new things. No wonder, people keep having this wistful desire of going back to their childhood and relive all those beautiful memories. But there is other side to this phase and in that, many children are forced to work in inhumane conditions. This phase is also known by “child labor” where a child is full of tensions and burdens and he has to perform the tough job of being primary earning member of the family. Such children lose their innocence to satisfy the needs and wants of their family. The problem of child labor is huge and is faced by many countries in the world

Agricultural development in any area is a multidimensional process. Irrigation has been playing a vital role in the agricultural as well as the overall development of a region. The transformation of agriculture has become possible mostly because of the development of irrigation particularly in the command areas of irrigation projects. The present study attempts to analyze the agricultural development in the command area of Doodhganga Irrigation Project. The development of irrigation in the command area has been measured spatio-temporaly, before and after the irrigation project. The composite index method is used to measure the agricultural development in the area. The present study is based on the 97 benefitted villages in six tahasils in Kolhapur District. The study concludes that there are greater differences in the agricultural development before and after the irrigation dam project.

Community assessment is a part of community development and community survey tools has pivotal position in community assessment leading to community development. Without even doing any research, you could probably develop a list of qualities that define “community”—shared resources; geographical proximity; similar values, customs, and beliefs; a common history and tradition, as well as a common language to communicate stories of the past; and collective interests or aspirations, to name a few. These traits, however accurate, are still somewhat simplistic, that characterize daily social interactions amongst individuals.

It is very often that forensic investigator has to tell the time since death in case where unknown dead bodies are found indoor as well as outdoor and in some cases various types of container a wrapped in a variety of materials. These dead bodies provide favorable site to different types of insect and flies for their growth. The adult female flies began to lay egg within hour after the death of an individual, so it helps in determining probable time of death since it shows a definite cycle. However exact time depends on the species and the temperature humidity condition in the surrounding. So a sound knowledge about life history of insect of an area is required before this entomological information is put into practice for criminal investigation.

Most of the western Deccan region in South India had ruled by the W estern Chalukya Empire, between the 10th and 12th centuries. This dynasty also known as the Kalyani Chalukya after its real capital at BasavaKalyan. T oday's Basavakalyan in Karnataka and alternatively the Later Chalukya fr om its theor etical relationship to the 6th century Chalukya dynasty of Badami. This dynasty is related to Eastern Chalukyas of V engi, a separate dynasty . Prior to the rise of these Chalukyas, the Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta controlled most of Deccan and central India for over two centuries. In 973 A.D, seeing confusion in the Rashtrakuta Empire after a successful invasion of their capital by the ruler of the Paramara Dynasty of Malwa, T ailapa II was a feudatory of the Rashtrakuta dynasty ruling fr om Bijapur region defeated his overlords and made Manyakheta his capital. The dynasty quickly rose to power and grew into an empire under Somesvara I who shifted the capital to Kalyani.

This paper provides a brief introduction to needs assessment and its significance as a tool. Needs assessments are important tools for communities. They can have important impacts on policy making decisions, provided they are carried out well and results are disseminated effectively especially this is concern with developmental projects. There are many different methodologies that can be used to conduct an assessment.

In sugar industry workers health and comfort get affected due to adverse workplace environment. Industrial occupational hazards, stress, lack of safety measures, irregularity of work hours, badly designed work place, unhealthy working environment, and lack of welfare schemes which affects the safety and health of the industrial workers. In the present study priority has been given to study prevalence of symptoms related to discomfort and unergonomically designed workplace. It has been observed that workers complain about discomfort and many musculoskeletal problems.

The Brassica juncea seeds soaked in water for 24 hours were treated with cold temperature 20, 40, 60 and 80 minutes before sowing. The observation were made daily upto 10 days of sowing with adequate watering. There was no significant variation in control and cold treated seeds with respect to days for germination, germination % vigor %, plumule formation, average shoot length, average number of roots, root length and fresh weight of seedlings. The days for germination in control and cold treated seeds was about the same. The germination % and vigor % not affected by cold treatment. Plumule formation average shoot length in cold treated seeds was neither increased or decreased over control. The root number, root length and fresh weight of seedling neither stimulating nor suppressing due to cold treatment as compared to control .

Single crystals of a new nonlinear optical material Dimethyl Glyoxime (DMG) doped with DDP and ADP have been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique with a period of 3 weeks. The presence of DMG in the crystal lattices has been qualitatively determined by powder XRD, FTIR UV and analysis the surface morphology of the as grown specimens which is changed with the nature and concentration of dopants was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The presence of dopants was confirmed by Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS).

Safety, a term derived from a French term 'Sauf' that signify the state or condition of being protected from any damaging consequences that might include physical, social, political, financial, psychological etc., failure, accident, harm or any situation or condition which is considered to be undesirable.

Background of the study:The nursing handover is a communication that occurs between shifts of nurses. The specific purpose is to communicate information about patients under the care of nurses. The handover directly or indirectly improves patient care, increases safety, decreases patient questioning and increases the overall satisfaction of the patient. It attempts to reduce errors and decreases morbidity and mortality, with every staff caring for a patient, beginning from where the last staff left off and being adequately informed to do so. The written guidelines or pre-prepared handover sheets will help the nurses to handover the patient details in a structured and informative way. The structured communication SBAR helps the nurses to give handover in a clear and concise format. Statement of the problem:Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding situation, background, assessment and recommendation (SBAR) handover among staff nurses working in a selected hospital, Mangalore, Dakshina kannada.

The year 1919 is a watershed in the history of India. On 18th March 1919 the Rowlett Act, which gave the colonial administration unlimited powers of detention and repression was passed. This gave Mahatma Gandhi a chance to introduce the new weapon of hartal. 7th Aril 1919 was the day fixed for his hartal. It resulted in riots and repressions especially in Amritsar. On 13th April 1919 the massacre of Jallianwalla Bag took place.

Purpose: To design, implement.and to assess the effectiveness of pranayama on stress among adolescents of selected pre university college at Mangalore. Subjects: The setting was Vishwa Mangala Pre university college at Mangalore. A sample of 70 were included in the study(control group, n=35,experimental group,n=35). Design: Quasi experimental pre- test post-test design Methods: SQ stress scale was used to compare the post test stress level of experimental and control group Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the post test stress score of experimental group. As the calculated 't' value (t=17.016) was greater than the table value (t68=1.668) at 0.05 level of significance, there was a significant reduction in the level of stress in the experimental group after the practice of pranayama. But there was no significant reduction in the level of stress in the control group. Conclusion: Findings from this research support the current literature base suggesting that practice of pranayama is a relaxation technique to reduce stress

Purpose: To design, implement.and to assess the effectiveness of pranayama on stress among adolescents of selected pre university college at Mangalore. Subjects: The setting was Vishwa Mangala Pre university college at Mangalore. A sample of 70 were included in the study(control group, n=35,experimental group,n=35). Design: Quasi experimental pre- test post-test design Methods: SQ stress scale was used to compare the post test stress level of experimental and control group Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the post test stress score of experimental group. As the calculated 't' value (t=17.016) was greater than the table value (t68=1.668) at 0.05 level of significance, there was a significant reduction in the level of stress in the experimental group after the practice of pranayama. But there was no significant reduction in the level of stress in the control group. Conclusion: Findings from this research support the current literature base suggesting that practice of pranayama is a relaxation technique to reduce stress

T eaching is a noble profession. Every profession has some professional ethics and accountability . As like as other profession, teaching has also some professional ethics and accountability . Now we discussed about professional ethics and accountability of teaching. The code of ethics and professional conducts describes the expectations that we have of ourselves and our fellows. It articulates the ideals to which we aspire as well as the behaviors that are mandatory in our professional and volunteer roles. Now we have to know the reason of necessity of ethics in our profession. Day by day professional ethics and accountability of teaching is degraded due to several factor . From our observation in teacher/teaching society , we scientifically analyzed and interpr et the recent situation of professional ethics and accountability of teaching.

The main purpose of the study was to see the effect of aerobics exercises on physical fitness and body composition of school boys. The selected 40 student were equally divided into two equal groups consisting 20 subjects in each group assigned in experimental and control groups. The pre and post test were conducted on the physical fitness variables, abdominal strength, speed and cardiovascular endurance and body composition.

There are countless issues that divide the country, including socioeconomic factors such as caste and access to basic needs and education; regional variations like the dozens of official languages and various different cuisines; religious differences that divide communities and often create distinct neighborhoods; and the deep gender inequality that transcends even the division between urban and rural populations. And yet there are many factors uniting the country. Even in terms of language, English and Hindi are common to most of urbanized India, at least at a basic level. And although major urban areas have been joined by roads (no matter the quality of these roads), the democratizing power of the Indian rail system is not to be underestimated. A shared history of colonialism, active media, a sprawling government bureaucracy, and an engaged political body help create a cohesive Indian society. And, of course, there is the fact that Indian people are, by and large, incredibly warm and welcoming.

Social network sites as tools of educational technology are useful for teachinglearning process. They can encourage active learning, support innovative teaching, collaboration, participation, empowerment, and publish information as soon as possible. Their psychosocial benefits can increase student engagement, empower and excite students and teachers for teaching and learning, collaboration, time-efficiency, and differing viewpoints, students' learning outcomes, expressing their identity and becoming a part of everyday life for students

Representing structure, key properties, software systems and behavior needs a high level abstraction for the software architectures. There are so many languages present for describing the architectures that are under research, needs to get a maturity. But there are only fewer amounts of techniques present for converting architecture to a running system. It is not an easy way to convert the architecture's core element into a system implementation perfectly. A solution that can be done is we can create an architectural framework, which supports implementing, executing, evolving and deploying. This paper supports in creating a framework, where we have some hands on experience with the family of frameworks, which supports in implementation. These frameworks that we have used are with different hard ware platforms, which include the resources and the devices. Frameworks have the property of lightweight and also have the property of extensibility, which helps in monitoring and analyzing the system at runtime. The framework which we have used will resolve all the issues that are faced in software architect for its implementation.

Agricultural development in any area is a multidimensional process. Irrigation has been playing a vital role in the agricultural as well as the overall development of a region. The transformation of agriculture has become possible mostly because of the development of irrigation particularly in the command areas of irrigation projects. The present study attempts to analyze the agricultural development in the command area of Doodhganga Irrigation Project. The development of irrigation in the command area has been measured spatio-temporaly, before and after the irrigation project. The composite index method is used to measure the agricultural development in the area. The present study is based on the 97 benefitted villages in six tahasils in Kolhapur District. The study concludes that there are greater differences in the agricultural development before and after the irrigation dam project

Representing structure, key properties, software systems and behavior needs a high level abstraction for the software architectures. There are so many languages present for describing the architectures that are under research, needs to get a maturity. But there are only fewer amounts of techniques present for converting architecture to a running system. It is not an easy way to convert the architecture's core element into a system implementation perfectly. A solution that can be done is we can create an architectural framework, which supports implementing, executing, evolving and deploying. This paper supports in creating a framework, where we have some hands on experience with the family of frameworks, which supports in implementation. These frameworks that we have used are with different hard ware platforms, which include the resources and the devices. Frameworks have the property of lightweight and also have the property of extensibility, which helps in monitoring and analyzing the system at runtime. The framework which we have used will resolve all the issues that are faced in software architect for its implementation.

Representing structure, key properties, software systems and behavior needs a high level abstraction for the software architectures. There are so many languages present for describing the architectures that are under research, needs to get a maturity. But there are only fewer amounts of techniques present for converting architecture to a running system. It is not an easy way to convert the architecture's core element into a system implementation perfectly. A solution that can be done is we can create an architectural framework, which supports implementing, executing, evolving and deploying. This paper supports in creating a framework, where we have some hands on experience with the family of frameworks, which supports in implementation. These frameworks that we have used are with different hard ware platforms, which include the resources and the devices. Frameworks have the property of lightweight and also have the property of extensibility, which helps in monitoring and analyzing the system at runtime. The framework which we have used will resolve all the issues that are faced in software architect for its implementation.

Human Being have consistently tried to run faster, jump higher and exhibit greater strength endurance and skill. We are naturally competitive and ambitious for excellence in athletic performances. By exercising regularly the muscles of the vital organs functioning is also get effected. Muscular Strength could be developed by systematic exercises on explosive power. Training represents a long-term Endeavour's. Athletes are not developed over night and coach cannot create miracle by cutting corners through over looking scientific and methodical theories.