The banking sector is one of the most dynamic and innovative sectors regarding the economic development in the Balkan region during recent years. The attention of international banking groups accompanied by significant influx is also evident. The banking sector is regarded as the main pillar of the economy, so all indicators of growth and strengthening of this sector are the basic elements of modeling the expected economic growth. Recent Albanian statistics highlight that the profit level of all banking system during the last year was about 5.2 billion lek (about 50 million dollars), this level being two times higher than in 2009, but lending policies do not reflect the same positive situation. On the other hand, banks in our country, as representatives of the banking service, operate in an increasingly competitive environment and therefore they seek to pursue new development strategies. From this perspective, the function of banking marketing applied by the banks that operate in Albania constitutes the core of this paper. Our goal is to analyze banking marketing as manifested in the Albanian environment not merely as trading techniques, but as meeting the needs of clients. Furthermore we want to outline our observations about how the political and customer loyalty, CRM (Customer Relationship Management) is followed in the last decade (2002 - 2012) by banks that operate in Albania, issues and implementation strategies to ensure sustainable growth sector. More detailed, our analysis will focus on the customer perspective of facing CRM policies respectively in the Albanian banking system.

The handicraft activities carried out in Kashmir Valley are famous throughout the world because of their quality, art and design. This sector has great potential to generate gainful employment within and outside the state. It is a labour intensive sector, needs less capital and is eco-friendly. Therefore, the social cost of handicrafts is less compared to other small and medium scale industries. Being a labour intensive sector, handicrafts can be established both in rural and urban areas and can be taken off as a subsidiary occupation in the valley. In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the growth, performance and problems faced by the handicraft industries since 1990’s in Kashmir valley in general and District Budgam in particular.

Settlement is one of the main needs of human life and affects the individual and social life of human. Settlement is one of the main parts in the economy and so significant. Settlement is accounted as a shelter for households and is a main part of an economy which is in a close relation with services and industry departments and also affects the society occupation. In other words, this section is the engine of economy drive. The main aim of this study is to determine and classify the effective factors on the settlement’s cost in Tehran by using the HP approach. So far, most investigations in this field based on the statistical constraints study the physical and inherent variables of settlement. Since the present study provided the access to the urban planning information (extensive plan information), therefore, this paper by focusing on the urban planning approach studied the effective factors on the settlement price in Tehran. At the end, by using these models, “Ordinary Least Square, spatial regression – self regression and spatial errors’ model”, evaluations were done.

Higher education is considered as an asset for an individual for his maximum growth and meaningful affiliation. It is that capital and instrument which makes possible for a society and nation to deal with adversaries and complexities in an effective manner. Taking the instrumentality and capacity of higher education into confidence, nations across the world are trying to make it accessible to their considerable population. One of the consequences of that is, in the recent decades, higher education has been given importance in India’s developmental plans. India has been endeavouring to make it inclusive in terms of accessibility and quality. One of the very clear agendas of giving importance to higher education in this country during formulation of various developmental policies in the recent times is to ensure that the people of the lower ladder of society could participate in it and make them adapted in the competitive environment posed by knowledge society and forces of globalization. But the paradox is that due to certain existing discrepancies in those ambitious policies and their implementations these people are developing negative connotation of higher education. The negative understanding and underestimation of higher education by these people is not a positive sign for the society which is considered to be at the lower ladder in particular and for India in general, which aspires to establish a knowledge society in near future.

Presumed changes in patterns of crime by females are drawing the attention of the popular media as well as that of sociologists and criminologists. Increases in the rate of crime by women and shifts in the nature of women's criminal involvement are commonly attributed to the emergence of the women's liberation movement. The main intent of the study is explore the etiology of female offending as well as nature and extent and socio-demographic characteristics of female criminality. This study relies on incident based newspaper report. The data has been collected from four historically famous and renowned newspapers (The Daily Ittefaq, The Daily Prothom Alo, The Daily Jugantor, and The Daily Shamokal) by using checklist. The collected data has been analyzed by descriptive statistics (Percentage, proportion, average, standard deviation and cross-tabulation). From the data analysis we have seen that women commit more violent and victimless crime in contemporary Bangladesh than any other crime. Among them, many of the women participated in greater scale like murder and suicide as well as cheating/fraud, drug trafficking and illegal trespass crime. In Bangladesh, Women are engaged in property, organized and public order crime due to economic necessity for accelerating their lifestyles, whereas they commit violent and victimless crime because of having familial conflict, poverty, collision,dowry and failure in love. Among the theories of masculinization, opportunity, marginalization and chivalry, marginalization theory is the most relevant and significant for analyzing causes of female offending in Bangladesh.

The changing precipitation pattern and its impact on agricultural resources are important problems leading to social and economic issues. Studies have been carried out at regional and global scales to understand the changes that are taking place with reference to meteorological parameters. Agriculture is sensitive to both short and long term changes in weather, which in turn affect crop productivity and thereby the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the region. The present paper has examined the climate variability in East Godavari and Vishakapatnam districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. The main aim of this study is to identify the changes in annual, seasonal and monthly pattern of precipitation and their impacts on agricultural productivity. For this, land use patterns, climatic factors, agricultural productivity and GDP for the period 1980-2008 were used. Statistical methods including percent deviation of rainfall, multiple regression analysis, bio-economic and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) methods were used. The land use patterns for the region were derived and agro-climatic regions were identified for both the districts. The major findings include identification of the years in which excess rainfall has occurred in the two districts, 21% for East Godavari and 10% for Vishakapatnam. The monthly and seasonal analysis of rainfall has shown that the south west monsoon contributes maximum to the productivity of rain fed crops in the region. The bio-economic model and the OLS results have indicated that Visakhapatnam district is more sensitive to changes to the meteorological parameters and has higher impact on economic well being when compared to East Godavari.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a proposed model for predicting pro-environmental consumer behavior related to product purchase. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed model will examine consumers’ purchasing behavior of environmentally sustainable products using the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. It will investigate how the proposed relationship between and among variables determines the purchase intention for environmentally sustainable products leading to the purchase behavior for the same. Extensive literature review generates insight and organizes evidence of critical relationship among variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is justified and suggested method to analyze the proposed relationship among variables. Data would be collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey of Bangladeshi consumers, aged over 18. Five point likert scale items to measure the strength of six hypothesized relationship, would be presented to the respondents. Proposed scales would be properly validated at the time of pre-testing. Earned responses would be analyzed and interpreted using AMOS software. Findings – The outcome of extensive literature review in the area of environmentally friendly purchase behavior of consumers, from 1970s up to 2012, with widely-used theory of planned behavior, is to propose logical relationship of pro-environmental consumption behavior of Bangladeshi consumers. Originality/value – Environmental consumerism is a much-talked-about area in the global academic literature, but most of the time, researchers’ focus was on developed country consumers. Asians, especially South Asians, are almost absent from the mainstream literature and there are ample scope to explore the pro-environmental buyer behavior in this country on the distinct backdrop of socio-cultural and demographic context.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different learning environments between interactive Facebook instructional method and non-Facebook instructional method for undergraduate students. Study design used a pretest-posttest control group experimental design. Sample of this study was college students who enrolled in the Department of Applied Foreign Languages at the National Formosa University between September 2011-June 2012. The experimental group (n=134) received the interactive Facebook instructional method, and the control group students (n=57) received the non-Facebook instructional method. Independent samples t-tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and a linear regression were performed. Content analyses of samples of Facebook communication exchanges were also conducted. The statistical results showed that the participants in the experimental group increased their grades and engagement. The results were encouraging as the students perceived higher engagement in interactive Facebook instructional method than did participants who received non-Facebook instructional method. It concludes that the usage of Facebook acts as an important tool to assist students in achieving better grades, higher engagement, and greater satisfaction with the university learning experience.

The purpose of writing this research paper has been to highlight the problem of legal language nowadays, since the language that is used is archaic and inappropriate, similar to the language when laws were first drafted. No effort has been made to boost the evolution of the language in the law field, this, in many ways, creating problems amongst the law students in understanding the legal language. This problem could be dealt at school level when they are still being moulded at the graduate level. The idea that lawyers actually bent legal English, or cling to old habits, to keep the public in the dark and continue to protect their monopoly on legal services is an exaggerated perspective. Still, lawyers seem to trot out their most ancient, outmoded, and long-winded and complicated phrases when writing documents directly for clients, all too often, complexity of language masking simplicity of content.

Ethiopia is a country endowed with unique endemic fauna, flora and forest resources. Dry evergreen Afromontane forests are few patches of forests that now remain around farmlands and churches. The remaining parts have been occupied or converted into agricultural lands. Asebot is one among such patchy remnant forest located in Oromiya region under the administration of Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahado Church (EOTC). EOTC has more than 30,000 churches that are located around regions of once the nation’s dominant forests and it plays a significant role in conservation strategies. Asebot is a monastery established by an Ethiopian saint, Aba Samuel, and it has two churches, one belonging to the nuns and the other to the monks. It was during the 12th century that the Asebot monastery owned the Asebot escarpment that is mainly composed of indigenous tree species and animals. The church explains the significance of trees in providing shelter and food source for living beings and its significance in the global environment. They give an understanding about the role of biodiversity in preserving the natural resources and about the conservation of resources for future generations. This attitude developed by the church towards the community is an opportunity developed for the conservation of natural resources. The grace of the holy places is due to the surrounding biodiversity and surrounding communities which will give a healthy atmosphere. But the Asebot forests are now being degraded compared to other church forests in Ethiopia due to forest fire and continuous encroachment by the illegal wood loggers. Integrated mitigation measures should be adopted to restore the forests and flourish the church forests.

The study was conducted at the Department of Economics, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh between December 2010 and April 2011. Balance of payments plays the most important role in a country’s economy. As a developing country, Bangladesh cannot claim that its performances are satisfactory. The objective of this analysis is to develop some ideas about the balance of payments of Bangladesh. It is expected that trade liberalization would promote economic growth from the supply side by leading to a more efficient use of resources. Trade liberalization could lead to faster import growth than export growth and hence the supply side benefits may be offset by the unsustainable balance of payment position. This study uses 36 year observation of GDP, import, export and exchange rate of Bangladesh to estimate their effect on trade balance. Our conclusion is that Bangladesh should relax restrictions on imports more slowly than barriers to exports. Key words: trade balance

The study was conducted at the Department of Economics, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh between December 2010 and April 2011. Balance of payments plays the most important role in a country’s economy. As a developing country, Bangladesh cannot claim that its performances are satisfactory. The objective of this analysis is to develop some ideas about the balance of payments of Bangladesh. It is expected that trade liberalization would promote economic growth from the supply side by leading to a more efficient use of resources. Trade liberalization could lead to faster import growth than export growth and hence the supply side benefits may be offset by the unsustainable balance of payment position. This study uses 36 year observation of GDP, import, export and exchange rate of Bangladesh to estimate their effect on trade balance. Our conclusion is that Bangladesh should relax restrictions on imports more slowly than barriers to exports. Key words: trade balance

This study explored gender differences in self-efficacy and academic performance among Albanian students from two major universities in Tirana, Albania. The data was collected from 180 students (102 females and 78 males) selected from first, second and third level studies. Both universities and participants were selected randomly. A questionnaire was used to measure self-efficacy and the grade point average GPA of the first semester to measure the academic performance of the participants. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to see the relationship between self-efficacy and academic performance. T-test was used to compare male and female participants in self-efficacy and academic performance. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between males and females in self-efficacy. There was no difference between males and females in academic performance. Also, a significant relationship was found between the students’ self-efficacy and academic performance. From the findings, it was recommended that different authorities as lecturer or counseling services at the universities have to improve students’ self - efficacy and to support them to face academic requirements with high level of self-esteem.

Introduction: Anthropometry is the study of human body measurement which is used in anthropometrical classification and comparison. Anthropometry is widely recognized as one of the useful techniques to assess the growth and nutritional status of individual or population. Methods: The purpose of this study was to compare boys and girls on their anthropometric variables. For the purpose of this study 606 school going children aged 13 to 17 years were selected as subjects from Himachal Pradesh. The anthropometrical variables were taken as the height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences and hip circumferences. Weight was recorded to the nearest 0.5 kg by using a standard weighing machine. The anthropometer was used to measure height to the nearest 0.1 cm. The measurement of waist circumference (in cm) was taken midway between the subcostal margin and iliac crest while the hip circumference (in cm) was taken at the point of maximum circumference over the buttock. The BMI was calculated for each subject by using standard technique. The t test was used to draw the results by using the SPSS (v.16) software. Results and Discussions: The results of the study indicate that there are significant differences between boys and girls in their height, waist circumference, hip circumference and BMI, whereas no significant differences were found in their body weight. Conclusion: The boys and girls within the age group of 13 to 17 years were differing in their height, waist circumference, hip circumference and BMI, whereas they showed similarity in their body weight.