Well-being is a broad term capturing the importance of both psychological and physical exploration and health in one’s life. The mental health and well-being of the adolescents requires proper attention. Emotionally disturbed adolescents exhibit their impairment in a variety of ways such as failing academically, having poor selfimages, having poor peer relationships and additionally, they may have little respect for the law of their society and adults (Hendren et al. 1994). Academic failure and social rejection have a lasting consequence, as a failure to learn in school limits a person’s chance to succeed in the future. Evidence suggests that social skills interventions can reduce many of these problems and can reduce the symptoms of depression and life-satisfaction. Social skills were also predicted to be associated with a reduction in the experience of stress and have a strong relationship with growth and development. Thus this study was designed to examine the role of social skills as a mediator between wellbeing. To test these two relationships, data were collected from 220 school going adolescents. The basic tools used for this study is Life Skills assessment tool developed by RGNIYD, which measures social skills, thinking skills and coping skills and, for measuring psychological well-being, the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB) scale was used. Analysis of the study indicates that social skills can predict psychological wellbeing. Implication for early school intervention to promote social skills and possible direction for further researches are discussed.

Every society in Africa is identified with a kind of traditional festival which exists in oral tradition. Olókogbè is a religious festival practiced among Pónyàn community in Yagba-West Local Government Area of Kogi State. Music is a central figure during the festival. The place of music during the festival informs this paper. It was revealed that Olókogbè music entertains, rebukes, satire enlivens the spirit and is used as a force for the community unity. This paper is anchored on Structural-functionalism theory as propounded by Kingsley Davis. The paper employed the interview of 5 key informants in its methodology; it also employed content and context analysis of the songs. It was discovered that the music discourages the degeneration of personal or corporate morals, promotes social equity and fights injustice and enforces rule of law. The researcher recommends that the governments, corporate bodies, Non-Government organizations should help salvage Olókogbè festival. Also musicologists and researchers should commit time to document the various segment of the festival for posterity.

This paper is an investigation into the evolution of library services for the blind people - library services for the blind and physically challenged in Nigerian universities with particular reference to the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), meeting the needs of persons with visually impaired through assistive technologies such as Screen reader, Braille translation software, Braille writing equipment, Closed –circuit television (CCTV), and Braille embosser and scanners. Challenges militating against service delivery for the visually impaired in Nigeria and workable strategies for improving library and information services to the visually impaired are suggested. The researchers recommend that special education teachers and the university authorities should attempt to provide facilities and employ teachers with solid Braille literacy skills to teach the visually impaired learners.

Past investigations conclude that L1 (first language) English learners acquire frequent, concrete, typical and basic level words faster and earlier than infrequent, abstract, atypical and super-ordinate level words. This study examines: (a) the natural order of vocabulary acquisition among 5 to 7 years old English as a Second Language (ESL) learners, and (b) whether the order of vocabulary presentation in the Grade-I English textbook, published by Punjab Textbook Board (PTB), Pakistan, coincides with the vocabulary acquisition habits of the learners. A vocabulary test was executed to gather data from one hundred and twenty ESL learners. A corpus analysis of the Grade-I English textbook was also carried out to compare the order of vocabulary presentation with the learners’ acquisition habits. The study revealed that Grade-I ESL learners acquire and memorize frequent, concrete, basic level and typical vocabulary of a category faster and earlier than infrequent, abstract, super-ordinate and atypical ones. Moreover, the order of vocabulary presentation in English textbooks does not match with the acquisition habits of the learners, which has implications for textbook writers.

This study explores the relationship of global and local elements of monsoon (pre detectors) such as Tibetan anticyclone over Himalayas, higher pressure over Indian ocean (IOHP), southern oscillation index (SOI), El Nino / southern oscillation (ESO), northward shifting of westerly sub-tropical Jet (STJ), tropical easterly jet (TEJ) etc. which significantly correlate with the Pakistan monsoon rainfall. The present paper will discuss the impact of monsoon from the normal or even slight deviations in the light of country economics, agricultural production, water availability, hydroelectric power generation, etc.

Sarojini Naidu (1879-1949) was the gifted artist, whose poetry is appreciated, for its bird like quality. The three volumes of her poems The Golden Threshold (1905), The Bird of Time (1912) and The Broken Wing (1917) occupy a place of eminence in the history of IndoAnglian poetry. The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India was published in 1937, which is a collection of the previous three volumes of Naidu’s poems. The Feather of the Dawn (1961) was published posthumously and contained poems written in 1927 by Naidu. The themes and background of her poetry were purely Indian and she sang in fullthroated ease of the festivals, occupations and life of her people as a true daughter of her motherland. Lyricism, symbolism, imagery, mysticism and native fervour, are the remarkable qualities of her poetry. The present paper focuses on the poems written by Sarojini Naidu which depict lives of humble folks of India and their traditions.

Housing is undoubtedly an essential element of life for most human beings. The modern concept of housing does not limit the idea of housing merely to the provision of shelter. Housing constitutes a physical matrix in which human interaction occurs. The house that people live in, touch upon every facet of their lives and the society as a whole. The Main focus of this study is the Spatiotemporal Analysis of Residential Houses and housing problem of the Tibetan Community in Srinagar City. This analysis can serve as a helpful resource in policy advocacy, with the aim of influencing changes to positively affect the current housing situation in J&K state, in a way which will ultimately lead to a better socio-economic development of society. This endemic problem has been growing persistently with the passage of time and consequently it has become a chronic, complex and a knotty problem. This study is based on both primary as well as secondary data sources and a primary household survey was conducted consisting of all 251 respondent Tibetan households from Hawal and Eidgah localities of Srinagar City. The study concluded that the Tibetan community of Srinagar city faces housing problems and there is need to improve their housing conditions for a balanced socio-economic development of society.

The synthetic ripening of fruits harmfully affects the quality of fruit. In order to recognize the effects of calcium carbide (CaC2) as an artificial ripening agent (ARA) on shelf life and health, related physical properties of peach fruit were evaluated. As revealed by the present research work, artificial ripped fruits (ARF’s) have less aroma, are less attractive, less weight per fruit, mild pleasant taste than natural ripped fruits (NRF’s), a less shelf life, total solids, un-dissolved solids, approximate equal value of dissolved solids and 0.64% less moisture. Total metal containment in ARF’s was found to be 0.0183 to 0.0442 mmol/g whereas in NRF’s it was found to be 0.0181 to 0.0493mmol/g. Qualitative analysis (based on Ksp values) of both types of fruits reveals the presence of copper, iron, chromium, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and manganese while aluminium was only detected in NRF’s. By spectroscopy (UV-Visible), low amount of total iron analyzed in ARF’s 7.6±1.08 mg/100 g to 30.10±1.34 mg/100g as compared to NRF’s 10.63±0.75 to 31.49±0.79mg/100g, Fe+2 were analyzed in ARF’s in low concentration 1.87±0.50 mg/100g to24.24±4.51 mg/100g as compared to NRF’s 7.41±0.30 to 25.84±0.38 mg/100g, while Fe+3 found to be high in ARF’s 1.94±0.42 to 8.26±0.37mg/100 g than NRF’s 1.43±0.2 to 4.08±0.52 mg/100g.

Rabbit responses to Pigeon pea (PP), Cowpea (CoP) and Soybean (SB) as sources of protein for growing rabbits were determined. Flemish Giant (FG), California Black (CB) and New Zealand White (NZW)) were fed Soybean (Glycine max), Pigeon pea (Cajunus cajan) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as protein sources in the ration. Eighteen rabbits weaned at six weeks of age were used for each breed (a total of 54 rabbits) out of which six of them were assigned to Ration 1 (containing 31.6 % sSoybean), six rabbits to ration 2 (containing 72 % Cowpea) and the last six to Ration 3 (containing 70.18 % Pigeon pea). The rabbits were randomly assigned to fifty four cages in a 3 x 3 factorial experiment. The three legume grains were roasted before rations were compounded. Raw Legume Grains (RaLG), Roasted Legume Grains(RoLG) and the three Rations (1, 2 and 3) were analyzed for tannin content (TC). TC was significantly (p<0.05) higher in CoP and Ration 3. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (p<0.05) higher for FG. Rabbits fed SB based ration had significantly (p<0.05) higher growth rate than rabbits fed either CoP or PP based rations. Rabbits offered PP based ration demonstrated a significantly (p<0.05) higher growth rate than rabbits consuming the CoP based ration. Dressing-out percentage was significantly (p<0.05) higher for the FG than for either NZW or CB. The study revealed that SB and FG were superior legume and breed, respectively in terms of carcass quality.

The study has focused on the development of a treatment technique and method for dye wastewater, such as an oxidation reduction process. The potentiochromic study of voltage sensitive methylene blue dye was performed in acidic medium at carbon electrodes. It was found that the carbon electrode shows sensitivity and durability for the retardation of dye. From the results it is revealed that the time of retardation decreases with increasing applied potential. The spectral study of methylene blue dye shows that as the applied potential increases the absorbance of dye content also decreases linearly and the color intensity faded out with due course of time and finally to a colorless solution. The effect of concentration of dye shows the direct relation of concentration and retardation time. The extent of retardation of the large decrease in absorbance was observed in 6.0×10- 6 M solution at different applied potentials. It was found that as the dilution of methylene blue was increasing the λmax was slightly shifted linearly with higher wavelength which shows a bathochromic shift. The kinetics of the retardation of basic blue dye were found to be first order with respect to concentration of dye at room temperature.

The present study was designed to explore the effects between students’ satisfaction with different e-learning instruction and their preferred learning styles. Data were collected through the Kolb’s learning Style Inventory (LSI), user interface satisfaction, and demographic questionnaires. Sample of this study was college students who enrolled in enrolled in liberal arts course between February 2013 - June 2013 at a central Taiwan college. The Web 3.0 instruction group (n= 50) received Web 3.0 instruction, and the traditional instruction group (n= 52) received e-campus Web system which the school have been used for years. Independent sample t-tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and a linear regression were conducted. Findings revealed that diverger learning style can predict user satisfaction with Web 3.0 instruction. However, the overall learning styles did not greatly influence on user satisfaction in both groups. In addition, the results showed that the students in the Web 3.0 instruction perceived higher user satisfaction than did students who received traditional instruction method. Findings of this study provide educators with insight into students’ learning styles and the user satisfaction with Web 3.0 instruction. It concludes that the usage of Web 3.0 acts as an important teaching and learning tool for design of the instruction methods to maximize students’ learning effectiveness in today’s education.

The purpose of the present work is to develop a plant-based method to minimize the toxicity caused by high levels of some essential trace elements in the body. The present work is related to investigating the complexation and antimicrobial activities of β-sitosterol with trace elements (Cu (II), Co (II), and Fe (III)). The β-sitosterol chelating with above metals to form a complex.The complex formation has been determined by Potentiometric titrations. The metals after the formation of complexes unable to absorb in the body and then excreted out from the body in the form of complex [9]. β-sitosterol is the most common plant sterol (phytosterol) and by eating vegetables toxic metal may be eliminated out from the body. Antimicrobial result indicates that all the complexes have potential to kill some of highly pathogenic bacterial and fungal species that has a critical role in number of cutaneous, pyogenic and urinary tract infection. The complex could be a good therapeutic candidate for the sake of treatment if fully explored from all parameters.

Teaching requires effectiveness as well as qualitative improvement for the betterment of the learners. At present it is felt that there is a decline in the quality of the teaching. For the teacher to be effective, certain amount of autonomy should be provided so that he is able to meet the diverse needs of children. As much as the learner requires space, freedom, flexibility and respect, the teacher also requires the same. The teachers and their heads must share a relationship based on equality and mutual respect to create a better and positive organizational climate. The present descriptive survey type study was aimed to study the impact of the organizational climate on teacher effectiveness. It also examined the type of organizational climate existing in different types of school. For the present study the researcher has selected a sample of 100 Elementary School Teachers from Koderma District of Jharkhand. The sample contained 50 from Government Schools and 50 from Private Schools. For this study the random sampling method was used. The tool used in this study was a School Organizational Climate Descriptive Questionnaire (SOCDQ) developed and standardized by Motilal Sharma. The questionnaire consisted of 64 items based on 8 different dimensions and on four point scale. Results reveal that there is a significant difference between the Teacher Effectiveness of Elementary School Teachers in relation to their Organizational Climate.

There have been serious efforts by some systems theorists to produce publications on systems thinking specifically for busy practicing managers. At the same time, the practical value for managers to learn systems thinking has long been recognized in the systems literature - to enable them to cope with the complexity very often exhibited in the problems facing them. There have been, however, barriers that hinder this managerial intellectual learning efforts. On top of that, the contemporary Internet environment, including the digital social media ecosystem, creates new learning barriers as well as new opportunities to support managerial intellectual learning. The paper examines some of these learning barriers and opportunities from the perspective of professional development, and offers some suggestions on intellectual learning to practicing managers that is immersed in the digital social media ecosystem. The vital roles of ementors, e-coaches, and e-counsellors are stressed in this paper

The present study documents seasonal variations with respect to concentrations of selected trace metals such as chromium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic at Hub Dam, Sindh, Pakistan, during 2012. We assessed dam water suitability for domestic and irrigation purpose and their impacts on water quality. The result demonstrates that concentration of trace metals is slightly higher than WHO standards and NEQS for drinking purpose except zinc. The obtained results were also compared with NEQS standards for irrigation. Among the metals analyzed Cr, Cu and Cd values were exceeding the defined limit. The Hub dam reservoir exhibited the average concentration of trace metal Cr = 0.09, Fe = 0.72, Ni = 0.07, Cu = 2.52, Zn = 1.11, Cd = 0.11, Pb = 0.17, Hg = 0.01 mg l-1 while the arsenic (As) concentration was below deductible limit during the study period. It is concluded that Hub Dam water is chemically unsafe and unfit to some extent for human consumption, irrigation and for the growth of aquatic flora until its proper treatment.

This manuscript considers a new approach to Simplifying Handwritten Characters Recognition based on simulation of the behavior of schools of fish and flocks of birds, called the Particle Swarm Optimization Approach (PSOA). We present an overview of the proposed approaches to be optimized and tested on a number of handwritten characters in the experiments. Our experimental results demonstrate the higher degree of performance of the proposed approaches. It is noted that the PSOA in general generates an optimized comparison between the input samples and database samples which improves the final recognition rate. Experimental results show that the PSOA is convergent and more accurate in solutions that minimize the error recognition rate.

The purpose of the present work is to develop a plant-based method to minimize the toxicity caused by high levels of some essential trace elements in the body. The present work is related to investigating the complexation and antimicrobial activities of β-sitosterol with trace elements (Cu (II), Co (II), and Fe (III)). The β-sitosterol chelating with above metals to form a complex.The complex formation has been determined by Potentiometric titrations. The metals after the formation of complexes unable to absorb in the body and then excreted out from the body in the form of complex [9]. β-sitosterol is the most common plant sterol (phytosterol) and by eating vegetables toxic metal may be eliminated out from the body. Antimicrobial result indicates that all the complexes have potential to kill some of highly pathogenic bacterial and fungal species that has a critical role in number of cutaneous, pyogenic and urinary tract infection. The complex could be a good therapeutic candidate for the sake of treatment if fully explored from all parameters.

The Principle of Normalization is instrumental in service reforms for children with Mental Retardation and other disabilities. Normalization calls for providing all the opportunities to all persons with disabilities which are available to a non-disabled person in society. Present paper focused on examining the principle of normalization from the view point of ‘equality in educational opportunities’ for persons with disabilities in Indian context. The paper critically analyses all the eight facet of normalization as described by Benjt Nirje. In the context of equal opportunities to persons with disabilities, Indian Policies also have similar connotations consistent with principle of normalization. The paper concludes with interpretation of the basic idea of Normalization Principle which is the base and guiding principle of special education services in India.

Theory regarding consciousness is a very debatable concept. In Western psychology, consciousness becomes similar with the mental side of consciousness, while in Indian psychology it seems equal to that of the soul. In sri aurobindian psychology I want to focus the entire discussion on whether consciousness is mental or spiritual in nature.

One of the major crises that people are encountered with is injustice. Many governments have as their most important slogan, social justice, and equal access to the people, all the facilities necessary for a healthy life and dignity. This paper considers the improvement of human development indicators in the provinces of Iran. The results obtained show that despite relatively good progress, the overall level of human development still needs to be worked on. The research methods used are descriptive – analytical; theoretical concepts of human development are applied to human development indicators and trends in Iran.

The paper presents a few unique paradoxes that marked the evolution of Romanian pop, rock and folk music alone in the Communist era. Many Romanian pop, rock and folk musicians found an easy way to circumvent censorship by using canonical poets’ texts as lyrics. This strategy created an unprecedented blend of experimental musical trends and textbook poems. And this strategy co-existed with the promotion of Western hippie anthems and the broadcast of highly successful Western artists such as the Beatles, Bob Dylan, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Bee Gees, and so on. The paper also makes it clear that self-censorship as a shaping factor of pop music was at least as strong as the official censorship exerted by the authorities, that being courageous or opportunistic ultimately depended on the moral fibre of each artist of those days.

Ideally, libraries should be accessible to all potential users without regard to any disabling condition. As depositories of information, libraries constitute a key institution of democratic societies, yet people with hearing impairments often discover that communication difficulties can be a serious barrier to their using the library to its full potential. This paper provides insights on deafness, deaf and hearing-impaired people, the varied means of communication they use, and basic communications skills useful in communicating with deaf patrons in the library. A summary of IFLA’s Guidelines for Library Services to deaf people is presented. It also examines library services available for group of users. Hearing enhancement systems are listed with a brief description of each of them. Recommendations are given on how to improve library and communication services to the deaf and hearing-impaired library patrons in Nigerian libraries.

The right to life is an unalienable right of the human being, treasured by the single person as much as by the State which provides the means for its protection. The interest of the State in providing healthcare to the citizens is two-dimensional: it implements the fundamental rights of the single person, consequently contributing to the general welfare of the community. However as stated in the Convention of Oviedo, the interests and welfare of the human being shall prevail over the sole interest of society or science. Medical procedures can harm the physical integrity of the person; therefore the physician fulfilling his duty of providing a service of public interest can be subject to criminal liability. The goal of this paper is to examine the characteristics of the legal justifications relevant to the relationship establishing between medical professionals and patients, more specifically those referring to consent, fulfilment of duty and defence of necessity. A comparative view with the Italian legal system is chosen in way to underline the specific features of the legal justifications applied to the medical field. The single dispositions of the special part of the criminal code relevant to this issue will not be addressed in this instance therefore the analysis is veered more towards a general criminal law viewpoint.