With the aim to determine the differences between intervarsity and intercollegiate male volleyball players in their arm swing of spike jump performance the present study was undertaken. Fourteen (8 Intervarsity and 6 Intercollegiate level) male volleyball players were selected from Aligarh, India, as subjects for this study. All subjects in this study were right-handed. For acquiring two-dimensional biomechanical data, each subject was asked to warm-up for at least 15 minutes by stretching all major muscle groups for jump performance and practicing several normal spike jumps. After the warm-up each subjects was asked to perform volleyball spike jump. A setter was used to set the ball for volleyball spikers. Each player spikes 3 times and each repetition was recorded. There were breaks of 2-3 minutes between each spike movement. Two-dimensional coordinate data from one side of the body were obtained with a high speed Canon Legria HF S10 camcorder operating at 1/2000 with a frame rate of 60 frames per second. Data were collected from the movement onset until the peak of the spike jump. The camcorder was placed on a tripod at the height of 5 feet on the right angle i.e. perpendicular to the centre-line at a distance of 10 meters away to the side-line. Coordinate data were digitized with the help of Silicon Coach Pro7 motion analysis software. The kinematic variables for this were taken as the jump height (JH), range of motion (RoM), angular velocity (AV), hyperextension joint angle at shoulder joint (HJASJ) and duration of arm swing (DAS). The one tailed t-test was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results of study indicated that there is a significant difference between intervarsity and intercollegiate level male volleyball players in their volleyball spike jump performance.

A Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a collection of nodes with dynamically changing topology, It uses wireless links without existing infrastructure, Randomly changing and Elastic data applications which are used in networks to communicate with each other. The MANET characteristics have to ensure the QoS performance and improve the communication between nodes. The quality of service can be measured by means of reduced delay and increasing throughput in multicasting network. In this Novel approach, AODV routing protocol is used to improve the performance of MANET and to optimize the QOS parameters, i.e. Average end to end delay, available bandwidth and packet delivery ratio requirements used to enhance the MANET performance level. By using MAC protocol we are maintaining the routing table to enhance the existing AODV and also it can perform the multicast routing performance between nodes as well as minimizing the control overhead. The Enhanced Routing protocol called as NQoS-MAODV(Multicast Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing protocol) is used to maintain and optimize the QoS information in MANET. The proposed NQoS AODV routing protocol performs better than traditional AODV during high mobility and high network load. As NQoS ADOV always maintains a routing table,most often it can provide so me routes quickly. So the average delay is reduced significantly. Packet delivery ratio is improved as it maintains the QoS information and looks for a path satisfying the QoS requirements of the applicants. Moreover it sends smaller number of control packet to handle route discovery and route failure. As a result, the control overhead is reduced. The trade-off is that each node requires more memory to store the neighbor information and comparatively larger routing table. The nodes also need more processing power to manipulate the neighborhood information and calculate the routes based on QoS information.

Human Resource is an area that is growing in importance. As the industry continues to recover, it needs to focus on its employees and their roles as service providers. Increasing demand requires increased staffing levels at a time when the labor pool is shrinking. By the very nature tourism is a service industry its efficient management and successful operation depends upon the quality of manpower. In India the shortage of skilled manpower poses a major threat to overall development of tourism and hospitality industry. Like the all other industries Tourism and Hospitality industry also facing the problem of talent crunch and high attrition rate. This paper discuss the reasons behind the high attrition rate in tourism industry on the basis of survey among the employees of travel agencies and tour operators and offers some suggestions for employee retention to overcome by the problem.

Scientists have always had interest in peculiarities of the human mind. However, the role of the language in organizing and storing information in our mind is still unclear. A lot of disciplines are aimed at studying perception, reflection of the reality and principles of information transforming. The peculiarities of perception and reflection of information may be analyzed by means of the characteristics of lexical categorization. Lexical categorization is a process of referring an object or a phenomenon to a certain class or a subject group. That is why studying the process of categorization on the example of different subject groups, including the sphere «clothes» may help to understand the peculiarities of perception and reflection of information, specific to English culture. Nowadays cognitive science cannot explain which types of knowledge define lexical units of the same semantic sphere and define similarities and differences of these units. However, the answer to these questions may be found through the research of different subject groups including the group «clothes». The principles of nomination of human ideas and conceptions have not been fundamentally researched yet. In order to understand perception of native speakers of a certain fragment of the world it is necessary to study the principles of nomination of units of different subject groups, including the group «clothes». The research is aimed at identifying the main principles of categorization by means of studying morphological, structural, semantic and syntactic peculiarities of lexical units of the group «clothes» in the English language. The research has been done using the comparative, word-formative and quantitative methods. The main ways of word formation, which are described in this research, are considered to be group classification indicators, which define lexical subject classes with different characteristics. The main ways of word formation, analyzed in the research, confirm current tendencies of word formation of the English language.

Alzheimer's disease is the costliest disease to society, and is rapidly increasing in prevalence, especially given the increasing number of ageing people. With only a few weak hypotheses, the cause is not understood, and all proposed medicines have either failed clinical trials or have proven largely ineffective. Dopamine's mononconditional and Norepi's multiconditional quantum neuropsychology was derived. Dopamine's characterization as foreign in the Upper Brain was derived. It becomes clear that higher electric signal density in brains with more grey matter -- i.e., brains with more dendrites/Dopamine and less Axons/Norepi in the PFC, hippocampus etc. -- is associated with higher electrical loss through over-heating -- which can be described as a Neuropyrosis method of disease progression; that is the cause of Alzheimer's dementia. As more grey matter corresponds to (mutable) psyches having the traits shown in Column 1, Table 1 (shown at the end) -- we now have a sure method for preventing Alzheimer's disease -- by training the person at risk, so that his psyche becomes more Norepic (like Column 2 of Table 1).

"Sudoku" is the Japanese abbreviation of a longer phrase, "Suuji wa dokushin ni kagiru", meaning "the digits must remain single". It is a challenging numeric puzzle that trains our logical mind. Solving a Sudoku puzzle requires no math, not even arithmetic. Even so, the game poses a number of intriguing mathematical problems. The problem of solving a given Sudoku puzzle finds numerous applications in practice. All the existing Sudoku solving techniques are primarily guess based heuristic or computation intensive soft computing methodology. In case of solving 9x9 Sudoku Puzzle, in each of these algorithms, we have to separately go through 81 cells and perform backtracking for the individual cells. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an algorithm which is minigrid based, i.e., we have to individually go through nine minigrids (instead of 81 cells) and perform backtracking only on them, which is less time consuming. Moreover, no guessing is involved in the whole computation.

For those who suffer for the sake of righteousness, the name of Shelley’s Prometheus is one which comes to our minds. To Shelley, who was always up in arms against any sort of tyranny, ‘Prometheus is, as it were, the type of highest perfection of normal and intellectual nature impelled by the purest and the truest motives to the best noblest end’. Satan is the only imaginary being who resembles Prometheus in many aspects. However, according to Shelley, Prometheus is a more poetical character than Satan, because, in addition to courage, grandeur, determination and patient opposition to the force of the omnipotence, he is susceptible to being described in Shelley’s words as ‘exempt from the taints of ambition, envy, revenge, and a desire for personal aggrandisement, which, in the Hero of Paradise Lost, interfere with the interest’. Both Milton's Satan and Shelley’s Prometheus embody a spirit of rebellion. Satan is like Prometheus in his struggle against the universe, but Satan loses his heroic aspect after being turned into a serpent that desires only revenge and becomes an enemy to mankind. Prometheus, as modified by Shelley, has lost the ferocity and pride but he has learnt wisdom and unlike Milton’s Satan, he no longer hates the omnipotent force gloating over his impending downfall; but pities him. Though Prometheus of Prometheus Unbound and Satan of Paradise Lost resemble one another in courage, fortitude and rebellious nature, yet a close scrutiny, which I intend to do in this paper, will show how Shelley’s poetic portrayal of Prometheus differs from his prosaic assertions about kinship between these two characters.

The solvatochromic effect in methylene blue dye was studied with the effect of solvent polarity on the absorption spectra in Water, Methanol, Ethanol and Isobutanol by spectrophotometer. The absorption of methylene dye was recorded in solvents of different polarity. The results indicate that the value of λmax decreased with the increase in polarity of solvents. The shifting of bands towards shorter wavelength causing hypsochromic shift. A hypsochromic shift due to an increase in polarity solvent confirmed the presence of π-π* transition in the visible region. The effect on spectra resulting from electronic transition is primarily dependent on chromospheres and the nature of transition and charge transfer absorption . The shifting of the band occurred due to difference in the stabilization of ground and excited states, and thus, a change in energy gap was observed between these electronic states. The observed hypsochromic shift to increased in transition energy was concluded that the ground state is polar while excited state is nonpolar. The kinetic study of the reduction of methylene blue with potassium iodide at acidic pH 6.0 maintained by citrate buffer. It was observed that the rate of reaction is independent of dye concentration and increased with the increase of iodide concentration at room temperature in acidic medium. The reaction is found to be first order with respect to iodide and zero order with respect to methylene blue concentration.

Hindi movies are made with male gaze in view, the images of women are discussed sociologically or semiotically or as subservience. In such circumstances when Muslim women are projected, she is doubly marginalized. First as a woman, second as a representative of minority community. But this stereotype images were broken by Hindi movies like Nikaah (marriage) in 1982, Bazaar (market) in 1982, Bombay in 1994 and Fiza (atmosphere) in 2003. In these movies female protagonists enjoy key positions and try to break out of social environmental forces which are controlled by men. It also poses question to the audience of gender issues especially belonging to middle classes and the process of questioning is carried out at multiple levels through characterization and narrative modes. Here, the characters of Muslim women are not treated in abstract manner; in fact the basic projection centers around the need to be accepted and respected individually with Muslim woman’s journey towards self-definition. The paper is an enquiry of the representation of Muslim women in Hindi movies where a woman has to face social prejudices, orthodoxies and beliefs which are articulated and challenged, formulating a counter – hegemonic feminist discourse.

‘Women today are more practical and rational than earlier' From being a superior subordinate in the family who preferred being a home-maker to having a career and who largely went by her husband's diktats to one who considers herself equal to her husband and plays an important role in important financial decisions, the Indian women has never been as expressive and independent as she is today. Today modern women are more sensible when it comes to marriage. She does not hang of her hopes as dreams on finding prince charming but she does put a lot of focus on making solid choices and taking care of herself. Over the past decades, there have been many changes in the attitudes towards marriage among women in the world. These attitudes are caused by today's society and women being more focused on their career than getting married. Many women are investing a lot of time in higher education and pursuing careers, and in the process they're deferring marriage. Today women are also obtaining advanced degrees and becoming more successful in work place. They are giving much more importance to the education and career as they want to become self dependent. Education for single women is much more important because it is only after achieving education that they can get a job. It is necessary for their survival to be economically independent. However, not much research has been done on single women .Yet, because of their special status, and they deserve a critical outlook analysis. The present study is a small attempt to throw light on the status and problems of unmarried working women, which so far have received little scholarly attention in India.

Dominance of English as has invariably been buttressed by imperial ideologies glorifies on the Internet, which seemingly perpetuates renaissance of linguistic imperialism in ComputerMediated-Communication (CMC). This study presupposes that Urdu is subject to English hegemony perhaps more profound than ever before. This predates colonial expansion in the sub-continent; however dominance of English over Urdu in CMC flags up variation in the theme of linguistic hegemony. On an attempt to account dominance of English, the data was sampled from 200 Bachelor of Science students (who had both the Urdu and English as national languages) of five universities situated in Lahore, Pakistan. The study reveals a deeper degree of penetration, apparently more profound than the colonial onslaught, of English basic and non-basic words into the Urdu language. Moreover, the study suggests setting out language policy to safeguard the Urdu language, which seems an easy prey to its English predator.

Satyajit‟s Ray’s documentary film „Rabindranath‟ was a saga of creative excellence. Its wide range of conception is simply amazing. It is something more profound than a mere documentary. Ray was conscious that he was making an official portrait of India's celebrated poet and hence the film does not include any controversial aspects of Tagore's life. However, it is far from being a propaganda film. In his poem Matthew Arnold once paid his tribute to Shakespeare in the ever inimitable words: “Others abide our question. Thou art free. /We ask and ask: Thou smilest and art still,/Out-topping knowledge.” This is equally true of Satyajit Ray‟s Tagore. We ask and go on asking and Tagore smiles and is „stillout-topping knowledge‟. In 1623 the great Shakespearean editors did their fantastic job of publishing in the Folio edition posthumously the 36 out of the 37 plays. Almost comparable to this outstanding editing venture is the task undertaken by Satyajit Ray FASC (Film and Study Center) to develop its most comprehensive archive on the worksof Satyajit Ray. The total number of Ray films like Shakespeare‟s dramas is 37. „Rabindranath‟, the 54 min B/W documentary film directed by Satyajit Ray was a saga of creative excellence for its wide range of conception .Tagore is revered by the world‟s 250 million Bengali speakers in India and neighbouring Bangladesh. Celebrations had begun all over the world to mark the 150th anniversary of the birth of iconic poet and playwright Rabindranath Tagore, the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize for literature in 1913. The year 2011 is special since it marks the 150th anniversary of Tagore‟s birth. The documentary was made to celebrate Tagore‟s birth centenary in May 1961. In that sense, the documentary on Tagore also has its golden jubilee to celebrates it has passed fifty years after its production. Ray was conscious that he was making an official portrait of India‟s ever -celebrated poet and hence the film does not include any controversial aspects of Tagore‟s life. In making the film, he pries into every aspect of his production. Ray's eye for detail and the old magic of his genius does not let go of the documentary, a tour-de-force. The camera is wielded like a conductor's baton as it strikes chords deep in the mind. In a serene, classical style the documentary progresses and we can still hear in its message the voice of a great artist who had been again and again applauded by Kurosawa or James Ivory or Huston.

It narrates the importance of Asia and influence of its culture and religion upon Tibet. Tibet is the spirit of India and famous for its friendship among world. Though, in Asia there are various races, religion, culture, languages, still ‘Unity in Diversity’ exists. It describes that India’s contact with Tibet is affected from the advent of Buddhism. Buddhism went to Tibet directly from India. Tibet’s religion, philosophy, art and poetry all show a deep Indian influence. Buddhism was spread all over Asia. Asia is divided in 6 parts – East Asia (China, Korea, Japan, and Pacific Ocean), SouthEast-Asia (Burma, Vietnam, Malaysia, Kambodia, Laos, Siam, Indonesia, Phillipines), North Asia (North States among USSR), Middle Asia (Tibet, Singkiyang, outer Mongolia), Indian Part (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan), South-West (Turkey, Arabian States, Persia). It also explains that system of reincarnation is originally Indian and familiar to Tibetan. Tibet imbibed its monastic tradition, too, from India. Scenes from the life of the Buddha taken from the Jataks painted in frescoes are reminiscent of Ajanta paintings of India. It describes that Sanskrit and Pali works from India have been translated into Tibetan, too. It is probably true that Mahayan literature from India was properly catalogued and presented for the first time in the Tibetan language. It depicts culture of Tibet which is a glowing example of how the stream of Indian consciousness crossed the Himalayan frontiers and flowed into far-off lands. But today, there is a too much grudges and dissatisfaction about the problems related with cultural, pollution and security. Indians are terrified by Chinese militarization which is a great challenge for India’s security.

Education is one of the most effective tools which Children with Special Needs could achive the social and economic empowerment. Education holds much importance for Children with Special needs as they have been a subject of discrimination for a long period of time. Even after the enactment of the different laws, like the 17 years of PWD Act 1995, 12 years of SSA and 3 years of RtE Act, the situation of education for Children with Special Needs (CWSN) are on margin. All the Govt., the organization like DPOs and the organization working under CSR in this field are just fulfilling the quorum. This paper deals with the current situation of education of the CWSN in Chhattisgarh State of India. The paper analyses the interpretation and implementation of inclusive education in Chhattisgarh under SSA. The greatest challenge for the State Government is the achievement of the accessibility, inclusion and empowerment of Children with Special Needs. The Goverment alone cannot accomplish this task of making the “Right Real”.

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of oral mucosal surfaces and might have an association with H. pylori infection. This study findings indicated that 62 (77.5%) were found positive with H. pylori by detecting of IgG by ELISA kit and 18 (22.5%) were found negative. H. pylori positive patients with Oral Lichen planus (LP) belonged to 31-40 years age group (38.70%).As far as the age wise distribution is concerned, 39 (62.90%) were female with H. pylori positive and LP individuals and 23 (37.09%) were male. In the control study group, a small portion of subjects i.e 37 (46.25%) were found positive with H. pylori and 43 (53.75%) were found negative. As far as the age wise distribution is concerned, 21 (56.75%) were female with H. pylori positive individuals and 16 (43.24%) were male. Results very clearly indicate that there is certain relationship between OLP and H. pylori and more n female than male.

Recurrent floods and droughts in the country are the challenges that India is facing. These are indicators that India is heading towards a turbulent water future. The most significant primary drivers of India’s water future in the short to medium term. Many river basins will have relentless water stress conditions under business as usual water-supply and use patterns. To cater the growing demand in the coming decades, India strongly requires substantial additional water supply provisions. India should have to think seriously on important policy options for meeting the increasing demand like- recharging groundwater to increase the groundwater stocks. This, along with a reliable water supply for diversifying high value cropping patt1erns, may involve large surface water transfers. The interbasin water transfers could raise the recharge groundwater in much overexploited area. While artificial groundwater recharge, rainwater harvesting, and interbasin water transfers are answers for meeting the water requirement in the near-term, they are also solutions for rising the latent serviceable water supply in many water scarce river basins.

The purpose of the present study was to study the effects of perceived social support on the life satisfaction of university students. Gender differences of perceived social support and life satisfaction, among the participants were also investigated. The sample for the present study consisted of total of 100 male and female postgraduate students from four different departments of University of Delhi. The Perceived Social Support scales by Procidano & Heller and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin (1985) were administered to the participants. Results indicated no gender differences in perceived social support from family but a significant difference was found out for the perceived social support from friends. Also, it was found that female university students have a higher satisfaction with life as compared to male university students. Finally, the findings revealed that higher the levels of perceived social support from family and friends, the higher the life satisfaction. These findings will be useful in assisting educators, counselors, psychologist, and researchers to develop strategies to increase perceived social support in the students thereby enhancing their satisfaction with life.

The present text is at best a brush up to refresh the account of modern art during the most crucial phase when India was approaching Independence from the colonial rule. Tracing back to Mughal period the article tries to re-locate the story of modern art pregnant with discontinuities, conflicts and high points. Beginnings, be it art or science, have often been a matter of contestation. There is no brief history still that could establish the beginning of time. Same is the case with the beginnings of modernism in art whether it is East or the West. In India we can notice how Rajput painting deviates from Mughal realistic/naturalism and assumes a more idealized and mannered outlook. At a certain point it may also seem a matter of discontinuity to see Rajput painting closer to Safavid (which was the main point of departure for Mughal painting) in its love for pure lines and color. The shifting positions of revivalist and anti-revivalist stands shared by the artists of Bengal School further enhanced the complexity of the evolution of art. In its early phase the urgency of finding an indigenous alternative to the Victorian academic realism assumed a nationalist ‘revivalist’ tempo, which was subject to serious criticism. And later the students of Abanindranath Tagore (1871- 1951), the founder of Bengal School, in Santinekatan preferred the immediate and empirical over the historicist oriental sense of Indian modern. The story of art as a non-linear and considerably conflicting historical discourse becomes more complex in the failures or myths of modernism deliberated in the postmodern theories

In 21th century, in Romania, we live in a decadent patriarchal system, haunted by medieval beliefs and superstitions as well as by the demons of a rough capitalism: the consumerism and the harsh and often dishonest competitive confrontations. The uncertain status that the laicism has in this country - with a fragile and young democracy - makes possible the occurrence of a series of discriminations and abuses towards different categories of people: women, non believers, atheists, homosexuals etc. By this article I discuss various types of pressures, abuses and discriminations that certain people are submitted to in a cultural environment deeply influenced by traditional and religious views and also predisposed to certainties and totalitarian convictions. The Romanian society hasn’t come to achieve a culture of diversity and it doesn’t seem to be open in this respect either. Unfortunately, the type of problems I discuss in this paper, cannot be solved but in a context wherein the public consciousness accepts the laicism as rational encounter-space between everyone and everyone, as quintessence of democracy and of the ethics of the human rights. The first question that worth to be arisen is: might a country, with a strong cultural sense of tradition and with prevalent conservatory values, turn into a laic society, ever? It’s obvious that most laic societies descend from powerful multinational and multiethnic cultures (excepting the case of the Scandinavian cultures). The diversity of references, customs and values is the one that generated the laic spirit and not the laic spirit was the generator of diversity. All those societies (most of them postcolonial) have been supposed to assimilate a plurality of religions, faiths, beliefs, customs and cultural models. This is a serious problem in the case of Romania, because we didn’t come across this type of plurality. It’s not a hazard that the nations the most predisposed to dictatorships and the most prone to produce (even on a democratic path and by democratic means) totalitarian systems *(of all kind) are, usually, nations with a unitary population that embraces a single religious cult and a small variance of values and moral views. Most contemporary dictatorships exist in such countries and cultures

The present text is at best a brush up to refresh the account of modern art during the most crucial phase when India was approaching Independence from the colonial rule. Tracing back to Mughal period the article tries to re-locate the story of modern art pregnant with discontinuities, conflicts and high points. Beginnings, be it art or science, have often been a matter of contestation. There is no brief history still that could establish the beginning of time. Same is the case with the beginnings of modernism in art whether it is East or the West. In India we can notice how Rajput painting deviates from Mughal realistic/naturalism and assumes a more idealized and mannered outlook. At a certain point it may also seem a matter of discontinuity to see Rajput painting closer to Safavid (which was the main point of departure for Mughal painting) in its love for pure lines and color. The shifting positions of revivalist and anti-revivalist stands shared by the artists of Bengal School further enhanced the complexity of the evolution of art. In its early phase the urgency of finding an indigenous alternative to the Victorian academic realism assumed a nationalist ‘revivalist’ tempo, which was subject to serious criticism. And later the students of Abanindranath Tagore (1871- 1951), the founder of Bengal School, in Santinekatan preferred the immediate and empirical over the historicist oriental sense of Indian modern. The story of art as a non-linear and considerably conflicting historical discourse becomes more complex in the failures or myths of modernism deliberated in the postmodern theories

This paper is an investigative survey into the status and challenges of education and health of sub-Saharan Africa’s youth with special needs. It presents statistical data and information on the two issues; challenges that militate against achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as it affects the youth are highlighted. The result of this survey reveals that about 420 million (half of the entire population of the countries in this region are younger than 18. Young women here face a dual threat of unplanned pregnancy and risk of HIV unequalled in the rest of the world. Young men also face myriad challenges, including coping with the environmental degradation occurring in many of their countries. The realization of personal goals for these young women and men, and the economic and social development of their countries; depend to a great extent on the ability of youth to avoid unintended outcomes. This paper aims to provide policymakers, programme managers, and the interested public in sub-Saharan Africa and around the world with a better understanding of the needs and experiences of youth with special needs in the region.

Glyoxalase 1 detoxifies α-oxoaldehydes, particularly methylglyoxal (MG) via different enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions, a cytotoxic compound increased rapidly under stress conditions. The physiological significance of the glyoxalase system has not been clearly defined in plants. We used bioinformatics tools in this study; we performed sequence analysis; major part of Avicennia marina glyoxalase I proteins polypeptide consists of hydrophobic residues; comparison of salt tolerant glyoxalase I from Avicennia marina with that of salt sensitive plants multiple sequence alignment has shown that the catalytic residues Glu168, His122, Gln28 and Glu102 are highly conserved. Prediction of secondary structures have shown that glyoxalase I salt stress plant family consists of higher percentage of α-helix structure as compared to salt sensitive plant glyoxalase family. Prediction of Avicennia marina glyoxalase I secondary structures, consists of α-helix is 67.4%, β-sheet is 54.9%.

Drought is a natural disaster that gives a lot of damage every year. This phenomenon occurs as a consequence of high and repeated temporal and spatial anomalies in the atmospheric circulation patterns. Therefore, it is inevitable to study and identify synoptic patterns of the mentioned phenomenon. In this study we have considered the standard time of the annual rainfall of the selected stations of Urumiyeh Lake watershed. 1999 has been established as the pre-determined threshold of the time - spatial precipitation, as being the year of the worst drought at regional level. Then the elevation data, the level of 500 hPa located at the limit between 0 to 70 degrees North latitude and 10 to 70 degrees Eastern longitude is set as a matrix mode S-mode for days of without precipitation. In order to identify and classify the synoptic patterns of drought there were used the Statistical Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis of Advanced Materials, while the Synoptic Analysis was used to prepare composite maps for each cluster. The results show that the event of a most severe drought in the watershed area has had an impact on all four synoptic patterns.

Integration and alienation, identity and rupture, belonging to an original model and the continuous tendency of surpassing it, are some of the determinant peculiarities of Cioran’s ideation, which is legitimized by assuming an identity both originating and intentional uprooting, by transgression of ethnic boundaries.

In organizations which operate in our market, management is faced with problems of economic and non-economic nature, which are a result of the long transition period. As a result of changes, economic elements were defined and clarified even more as to the role and importance of human resources in the new organizational mentality. From that time and until now human resources have been and are the focus of many researchers. The economic development is not satisfactory, but that influenced in the creation of new jobs and this influenced in the changing role and perspectives of the human resources in organizations. These changes are driven by the challenges facing managers today in modern organizations. In order to maximize revenue managers should pay great attention to the professional management of human resources, seeking and exploring the factors that influence motivation and de-motivation to work in human resources. In this paper, we have done the research in the field of human resource management, performance evaluation system application of human resources, the effect of performance and motivation in the development of the organization. Relying on specification of this research there have been utilized quantitative research methods, which has helped to collect different types of data in public organizations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the application of evaluation system of the performance of human resources, the role of material and in material motivational factors and to make recommendations on the challenges employees face. So, the purpose of the study is the research and analysis of data for evaluation of performance and motivation in the organization, presenting and comparing research results and identifying a new perspective of human resources in organizations.

his present study was conducted to investigate the effect of mathematical beliefs and self-regulated learning strategies on mathematics achievement of university undergraduate students using binary logistic regression model. Sample was consisted of eighty-six undergraduate students who completed a self-reported questionnaire related to students’ beliefs on three dimensions viz-a-viz beliefs about mathematics, beliefs about importance mathematics and beliefs one’s ability in mathematics. This study indicated positive relationships among students' mathematical beliefs, self-regulated learning and mathematics low and high ability outcomes. In addition, overall binary logistic regression equation which assessed the joint contribution of one aspect of beliefs and self-regulated learning variables was significant. In addition 8.1% of the variance in mathematics ability can be explained by beliefs and self-regulated learning variables. The findings of current study indicate that further research should be initiated to examine the influence of beliefs on the mathematics ability, although achievement in academic performance can be attributed to a complex and dynamic interaction between cognitive and motivational variables.

The question of race is one of the many points of contention in Shakespeare’s oeuvre. In Elizabethan England the word ‘race’ did not carry the overwhelming connotation of colour. Rather, issues of religion, commerce, gender and complexion were all interlinked. In Titus Andronicus, Shakespeare reinforces racial stereotypes. Aaron’s blackness is associated with evil, maliciousness and barbarity. The emerging anxiety in the Renaissance imagination about power structures outside Europe is seen in the figure of Tamora- queen of the Goths. Othello, the title character of Shakespeare’s celebrated play, reverses the trend to some extent. He is a black-skinned moor; yet his military skill takes him to the helm of Venetian society. Though he kills Desdemona at the end of the play, the moor manages to retain our sympathy to a large extent. The ‘triple turn’d whore’ of popular imagination, Cleopatra, in Shakespeare’s play, overturns some of the lasciviousness associated with her character. The queen of Egypt is a strongly individualised character, who does not conform to stereotypes of race, but commands her own feelings and emotions. The economic concerns of The Merchant of Venice colour the portrait of the Jew, Shylock. The play, often seen as anti-Semitic, also asserts that the difference between the Jew and the Christian is merely superficial. Thus, Shakespeare’s idea of race presents an interesting development: it moves from the prejudiced picture of Aaron to a more sympathetic portrayal of the racial ‘other’ in the figures of Othello, Cleopatra and Shylock. The paper intends to trace this development, and thus understand how the finer nuances of race serve to animate the world of Shakespearean drama.

The concept of Enlightening Management Education (EME) in Multi-perspective, Systems-based (MPSB) Research, first proposed in the mid-90s, has been underdeveloped. This paper makes an exploratory discussion on EME and offers an impressionistic image of EME. It elaborates on the 3 main modes of EME and draws out the implications of EME on management education. By doing so, the paper contributes to the theoretical development of MPSB and informs Management Education practices by Management Educators as well as management students who aspire to be scholar-practitioners via MPSB Research or similar research activities with Systems Thinking.

Sudan dyes are a family of lipophilic azo dyes, extensively used in industrial and scientific applications but banned for use as food colorants due to their carcinogenicity. During recent years, due to the continuing illicit use of Sudan dyes as food colorants their determination in different chili powder and related products has achieved great attention all over the world. In the present study twelve grinded chili powder samples are collected from various localities of Karachi city and analyzed. There are a number of methods available for the estimation of Sudan I-IV dyes but we used a simple, convenient, analytical and expeditious spectrophotometric method. A simple extraction procedure using ethyl acetate has been applied for the extraction of these dyes from samples of chili powder. The determination of Sudan I-IV dyes is obtained from chili powder samples by single point standard addition method and multiple point standard addition method.

In this study; relationship between total credit volume of the banking sector and unemployment in fourteen selected European Union countries was analyzed for the 1980-2012 period by means of panel data analysis method that takes into consideration structural breaks and cross-section dependence. In the result of the analysis it has been determined that credit increases has been reducing effect on the unemployment rate in these countries.

Although social relations are often cited as important in improving maternal health, in Uganda, little attention has been directed at understanding how couple relations influence maternal health decision-making. The article presents results on the influence of men’s superior role in the allocation of family resources on maternal health care decision-making. Through a survey both men and women responded to questions on who makes and influences the decisions that affect women’s maternal health care. There were significant gender differences in decision making for purchase and sale of land, purchase of household items and gardening. Gender biased decision-making significantly affected the choice for number of children, skilled care at childbirth and women’s movement to visit family and friends. The study concludes that for postive maternal health behaviours, women need good relations with their spouses not only to gain support but as well access the resources which are controlled by men.

In this study, the simulation of simple bending problem is performed using an example of cantilever beam which is an important structural member. The author executed numerical simulations for simple and cracked cantilever beams using finite element stiffness method, analytical beam theory, finite element package (ANSYS) and then verified results with code generated in C++ language. In conclusions, the comparison of results is tabulated and the graphs suggested that the finite element method give less deflection as compared with the results obtained using beam theory for any specific location along span length. MD-Solid software is used to draw bending moment and shear force diagram.

The relationship between education expenditures and economic growth is among the practical studies attracting high interest in Economics literature. The analysis was carried out with the bounds testing approach developed by Pesaran et al. (2001) and besides the constant model, constant and trend model was also used unlike the literature. In this study, a positive relationship between education expenditures and economic growth was found in the Turkish economy for the quarterly period 1980:Q1-2012:Q4. Thus it appeared that education expenditures in Turkey had a positive effect on economic growth positively. A greater allocation of resources on education expenditures could make the Turkish economy more dynamic. Furthermore, in short term analysis coefficient of error correction terms were negative and statistically significant. So the deviations occurring between the variables converge to the long term balance level. In Granger causality analysis, a two-way relationship was determined between the education expenditures and economic growth.

Diaspora is the movement of people from any nation or group away from their own country (OAL dictionary). Indian Diaspora is a geographically diversified Diaspora, which is spread in as many as 110 countries. The Government of India estimated that there are 30 million Indian Diaspora spread across the world. The nature of settlement of Indian Diaspora can broadly divided into two parts, namely ‘old Diaspora’ and ‘new Diaspora’. The prominent countries that figure in the old Indian Diaspora are Malaysia, Mauritius, Trinidad and Tobago, Fiji, Guyana, and Suriname and the important countries with the new Diaspora are all the developed countries like – USA, UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Apart from these two, a good number of Indians also live in the Gulf region. Science and technology brought valuable changes in human life. Internet emerged as a tool to interlink the diversified Indian Diaspora and it is a powerful medium in maintaining the sense of identity among the Indian diasporic community. It provides a feeling of belongingness with their ‘mother land’. Usage of internet across the world made a landmark of 360,985,492 to 2,095,006,005 from December 31, 2000 to March 31, 2011. The statistics clearly indicates that the growing number of internet users across the world. Various ETools provides an opportunity to meet the diversified Diaspora virtually. Internet acts as an intermediate to disseminate the motherlands social, political, cultural, educational and environmental issues to the diversified Indian Diaspora. People of Indian origin can be in touch with their home land using web and it also made the communication much faster than earlier days. In terms of cost internet is much more beneficial than any other means of communication

In vitro aqueous and ethanol extracts of Withania somnifera (leaves and fruits) and Curcuma Longa were evaluated for antibacterial activities against Basillus subtillis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and S.epidermitis. The inorganic extract of W. somnifera leaves showed more antibacterial activity as compared to the organic fraction. While both the organic and inorganic phases of fruit extract of W. somnifera showed antibacterial activity against all the tested microorganisms. S.epidermitis and B.subtillis were inhibited by inorganic fraction of fruit extract. Organic fraction of Curcuma Longa showed antibacterial activity, while there was no activity of inorganic fraction of this medicinal plant. Gentamicin showed lesser activity as compared to inorganic fraction of fruit extract of W.somnifera against all the tested microorganisms. Therefore, these plants may be used to investigate the active components of the different fractions as an important future prospective.

Food is a part and parcel of every body’s life. But if food is contaminated while cooking by hands so may spread food borne infection and thus a serious public health concern. In the current study, the practices of hand washing by chefs in their restaurants/hotels were investigated. The survey was exclusively conducted on 180 male participants belonged to 20% big and well developed hotels and found most of them 32% work for 1st quarter of a day . The survey results also point out that 67% participants knew the importance of hand washing and 45% of respondents suffered from stomach diseases as only 27% of chefs wash hands with plain water. A healthy majority around 91% workers wash hands before cooking meal and for hand washing timing 86% of them spend less than 1 min. This report illustrates that 4% thought that hand washing cannot transmit diseases and 47% workers wash hand after attending toilet however. This report shows that 25% workers know the proper procedure of hand washing

Plant material of Origanum syriacum from Palestine extracted in methanol was fractionated in ethyl acetate n-hexane. n-hexane was oily fraction was tested for in vitro fungicidal and Nematicidal activity n-hexane soluble oily fraction of Origanum syriacum. n-hexane fraction of Origanum syriacum showed anti fungal activity opposed to extremely damaging two plant pathogens Fusarium Solani and Fusarium Oxysporum and formed a zone of inhibition 22mm and 10mm correspondingly. n-hexane fraction also showed Nematicidal activity not in favor of the plant parasitic Nematode, Meloidogyne Javanica and showed 83% mortality at 1mg/ml.

The objective of the present research is to develop a herbal method to reduce the toxicities caused by high levels of some essential trace elements in the human body. Nigella sativa (NS) seeds are well known for their numerous biological and pharmacological properties, which are mainly due to its active constituents. According to several research studies thymol is one of the principal active component of NS. In present research work complexation of thymol with some essential trace metals i.e; Fe (III), Cr (VI), Cu (II), V (IV) and Co (II) has been studied using pH-metry. It was observed from pH plots of ligand and complexes that thymol formed complexes with all metals successfully. Hence it could be used as chelating agent in case of toxicity caused by above mentioned metals. Thymol could perform this function either by forming complexes with the metals or by converting them into their reduced form due to its antioxidant ability. In either case toxic forms of metals will be converted into non toxic forms. Species distribution curves showed the maximum formation of ML (1:1) complex species of thymol with Fe (III), Cr (VI), Cu (II), V (IV) and Co (II) within pH 3.00-5.00. Whereas maximum ML2 (1:2) complex specie formation seems to occur within pH 6.50-11.00. pKa of the thymol was found to be 9.00±1.