Among infectious diseases on the surface of the globe Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The present study describes the distribution of TB in the district Dir (L). The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence of TB in district Dir (L), based on gender wise and age wise distribution. This descriptive study covers the period October 2009 to December

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) has different definitions by different countries. According to the European Union (EU), businesses are divided in micro businesses (1-9 workers), small businesses (10-49 workers), and medium businesses (50-249). SME has direct impact on technology changes, it brings a healthy competition, opening new jobs and a rich offer of products in local markets. SMEs are characterised by flexibility, direct relationship at work, job/employment opportunities, managing by person, limited capital, innovations. Economic grow is related to SME growth in which there are stimulating competition, new product and service and other advanced services necessary for market survival.

Effect of multipurpose legume plants (MPTs); Leucaena Leucocephala (Ll), Caliandra calothyrsus (Cc), Gliricidia sepium (Gs) and Sesbania sesban (Ss) on Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Body Weight(BW) and Growth Rate(GR) of growing rabbits was evaluated. Six female (6) and two(2) male crossbred rabbits with an average weight of 2.12kg were fed wilted leaves of Ll, Cs, Gs and Ss in a 2, 4 x 4 Latin Square Design(LSD) with four feeding periods lasting fifteen(15) days. Each rabbit was offered 50g of broiler starter between 06.00 and 12.00hours daily and 100g of wilted leaves of the test feed between 12.00 and 06.00hours the following morning in each of the four feeding periods.

Benzimidazoles are an important class of compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activity. The five membered heterocyclic moieties also confer for various biological activities. Hence a series of 2- (2´-pyridyl) benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized and investigated their antibacterial and antifungal properties. The synthetic analogs were characterized by UV, IR and 1H NMR spectral data.

Disparities in levels of development are akin to agriculture sector of the developing economies across the world. India too has exhibited it for long now. However scant literature is available for the state of Jammu and Kashmir with respect to this phenomenon. In this paper we make an attempt to study the phenomenon of determinants of inter – district disparities in the levels of agriculture development for the vale of Kashmir. Using the Z-Score technique we rank the district as according to their levels of development as indicated by variables used for the same elsewhere. An account for the actual determinants of the disparities has also been made.

A systematic investigation of hydro chemical characteristics was carried out for six different lakes of Kolhapur city. The release of untreated domestic sewage and other anthropogenic activities are leading to gross lake water pollution of major lakes in the city. The present study aims to ascertain the drinking water quality and various physico-chemical parameters like pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Phosphate, Nitrate, Hardness, Total Dissolved Solids, Calcium and Magnesium. There were variations in pH (7.0-8.2 mg/lit), Total Dissolved Solids (204.1-264.7 mg/lit), Dissolved Oxygen (2.6-6.0 mg/lit), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (8.04-26.0 mg/lit), Chemical Oxygen Demand (14.0-50.83 mg/lit), Phosphate (0.1-1.96 mg/lit), Nitrate (0.72-4.05 mg/lit), Hardness (143.0-338.0 mg/lit), Calcium (69.66-333.0 mg/lit) and Magnesium (4.2-71.66 mg/lit). The results of the study showed that water quality of lakes near densely populated area is highly depleted as compared to the lakes that are away from the city.

The production of potato per hectare in Pakistan is very low as compared to the developed countries of the world. The main reasons behind this are the unavailability of proper seeds and the use of conventional production system. One solution to these problems is the use of botanical seeds or true seeds instead of conventional propagation from seed tubers. True potato seed technology has a great potential in supplementing the availability of healthy propagules for potato production and high yielding homogenous population. With this point of view research activities on TPS were carried out to identify TPS families giving desirable yield and tube characteristics under Chitral conditions.

Girish Karnad’s Naga Mandala (play with a Cobra) incorporates a mythical structure. The artist takes on the role of the creator to retrieve, recycle and re-establish myths for the contemporary audience and, by applying his creative genius, he throws a lurid light on the social concerns prevailing in the society. Girish Karnad has facilitated the projection of his vision with the aid of historical myths and legends. He wants to empower the female gender and strives for the recognition of their individualistic identity; he feels it is mandatory to reinstate coherent order to the word beyond the self - that is the world of human relationships, of nature, of society as a totality

This paper is a discourse analysis of Hum TV’s soap opera (Bilquees Kaur) and a document: an opinion-based email by the playwright, which examines the representation of Pakistani women in the public and private spheres. This particular series was chosen because of its focus on middle-class women, most notably on the representation of a woman working outside the confines of her family home and the issues surrounding changes within the family structure as a result of her circumstances. It is a chronicle of her struggle for empowerment in a constricting society. The present study is primarily carried out with the objective of exploring the notion of women empowerment being portrayed in the dramatized entertainment of Pakistan Television.

This paper proposes to re-read Doris Lessing’s 1999 novel Mara and Dann: An Adventure from as a successful quest narrative that involves a heroine’s journey. It makes use of Auden’s famous essay “The Quest Hero” written on Tolkien’s fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings to discuss how the novel successfully fits the genre of the Quest narrative and that the faults in the novel pointed out by critics are due to the limitations of the genre itself. It uses the model of a heroine’s quest as discussed by Maureen Murdock in her book The Heroine’s Journey: Women’s Quest for Wholeness and shows how the novel follows the pattern of the journey described by Murdock closely and how it is similar and, at the same time, different from the traditional quest narrative of a hero.

Aggression is a very common feature in the present day world, yet not a sufficient number of studies have been conducted regarding positive aggression. The present study tried to prove that aggression cannot always be regarded as negative; positive aggression exhibits an aggressive spirited exterior, with a confident and composed performance that leads to some excellent deeding figures. However, a shallow aggressive exterior, without any star material on the interior that amounts to nothing but average performance makes us criticise aggressiveness.

This paper revisits the popular notion of personal space and places it in a sociological context by looking at the construction of personal space in reflexivity, along with applying ideas of dramaturgy and socialisation. It looks at personal space as not only socially constructed but also seeks to tease out a more nuanced understanding of how socialisation would work as a mental process by taking the axiom of a cognitive linguistic theory and applying it to discourse studies. This paper ultimately seeks to sensitise one to the hierarchical hangover, along with the gendered and normalised construct, which is perpetuated through the construction of one’s personal space.

The current paper examines the issues and the impact of India’s National Health Insurance Scheme-Rashtriya Swastya Bima Yojna (RSBY) from equity and efficiency perspectives. The paper gives a brief background of India’s poverty situation and health care financing. It provides a detailed review of relevant literatures and evaluation papers on RSBY to highlight issues related to its design, coordination between different agencies and issues related to enrolment and utilisation of health care under the program. It also examines NSSO- Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) of the years 2007-08 and 2009-10 of Government of India to see whether the scheme has really helped to increase the health care utilisation by the resource poor families. The result of NSSO-CES analysis shows no such indication and in fact it shows that per capita medical expenditure has reduced for the lower decile groups in the year 2009-10 compared to the year 2007-08 implying that there has been no increase in health care utilisation

Recent increase on negative issues related to global warming, greenhouse gases and other environmental concerns, the awareness in promoting alternative energy sources have increased significantly. Renewable energy is the most promising and sustainable energy source that will sustain and maintain environment; in particular, wind energy is considered as the clean and perfect solution to present environmental worries as well as to counter the limited hydrocarbon reserves that last for (30-40) years

For the great success of any organization/institution top management, decision making and leadership quality are very important. Without better leadership we cannot imagine a great institution. Leadership quality can make any institution the best one. Implementing TQM requires a team effort headed by the organization's leadership team. Each person involved in change management has their responsibilities, and it is important for the entire organization to understand the role of leadership in TQM to make delegating responsibility more effective. This paper is a review of the role of leadership in implementing Total Quality Management in Higher education

Gender relations have been widely discussed throughout the history of human society. Sometimes, it is found as an egalitarian relation and sometimes it is a repressive one. Despite the biological equity of men and women, debate of authority of a sex continues. Men claim to be granted authority as they are the bread winners and protectors for the family. The supremacy of a male is often considered functional for society as one of the both sexes has to assume the authoritarian role ultimately.

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether there are any significant differences between dichotomous thinking and self esteem considering gender, age, sibling position and educational level difference in different University students. It was hypothesized that there is a difference in the Dichotomous thinking and self esteem in terms of gender, age, sibling position and education level. In order to achieve this, the study was conducted on a sample of 200 students (boys 100 and girls 100) of various university students from Dhaka city. The samples of the study were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The experiment was conducted from 11 November to 30 December, 2011 in the area of Dhaka city.

A total of hundred bacterial cultures were isolated from soils collected from oil contaminated sites. They were screened for lipolytic activity and some of these lipolytic bacteria were tested for antibiotic susceptibility, heavy metal tolerance and plasmid curring. Among the total heterotrophs 70 to 80%bacteria were lipolytic. The selected lipolytic bacteria exhibited different resistance pattern for various antibiotics and heay metals. It was found that among these isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa LB-2 was the most efficient isolate. In the next part of the investigation linseed and mustard oil cakes were evaluated as fermentation substrate for lipase production using Pseudomonas aeruginosa LB-2.

For over a decade the local government units in Albania are facing a series of complex issues related to the functions they have to carry and their financial capacities versus needs. Over the past 20 years, Albania has made significant progress on decentralization. There were adopted several important documents and legislation. Yet challenges to advancing the decentralization process and strengthening local governance remain

Thatta District is one of three districts along the coast of Sindh Province of Pakistan. Total population of the district is around 1.4 million of which 89% lives in rural settlements. There are three distinct areas of the district viz. hilly, canal area, and coastal delta. Out of 9 nine Talukas (administrative units), 6 Talukas are coastal and 3 are not coastal. In comparison of non-coastal areas, coastal areas are not so thickly populated, but incidence of poverty is much higher. This study attempted to measure the poverty and distribution of income, and to explore the factor enhancing poverty level

The main challenge faced by the sector is to fulfill the demand of Jewellery Desginers in Jewellery Industry. Expert Committee was of the opinion that Jewellery Industry is grappling with shortage of skilled artisans and there is a lack of good courses in Jewellery Designing. Keeping these considerations in mind, the Certificate in Jewellery Designing programme was developed for 10+2 pass out through Open and Distance Learning (ODL) mode so that this sector may provide better service.

The aim of the present study was to investigate fear of failure in the sport domain among young all India hockey players and to explore their perceptions of the consequences of failure. The study examined fear of failure among 28 male North Zone Hockey players (age 17–26 years). The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) designed by Conroy, Willow & Metzler (2002) was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics was used to statistical treatment and interpretation of the data.

Islamic banks, being Sharia compliant, differ from conventional banks from many points of view. But since they work parallel to conventional banks in the same industry, some sort of similarity is not out of question. Hence, many researches have designed their studies to draw out these similarities and differences. One way to distinguish them is to check the accounting ratios, while the decision upon these ratios is inferred by employing linear classification techniques. This study, after calculating the accounting ratios, opts for linear and nonlinear classification techniques. Results state that accounting ratios of Islamic and conventional banks can be significantly and sharply contrasted

Retention and entry grades are closely linked with each other and with the widening participation agenda. Until now some stakeholders have been focused on increasing student numbers and diversity. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between non-continuation and entry grades in the context of the UK higher education.

Alice Munro’s stories were nearly all composed with a clarity and economy that made novel-writing look downright superfluous and indulgent. In spite of the charge of dullness in the presentation of characters and uneventful plot in many of her stories, the stories are quite engaging. She uses the fictional device to underscore both the subjective nature of storytelling and people's compulsion to use the art of storytelling to make sense of their lives and to make narrative order out of confusion. As this collection demonstrates, it's an art that she has mastered herself with virtuosic skill.

Fairy tales and Video games are perceived as agencies of emotional and moral cleansing, especially, of young adults. The unprecedented popularity of Harry Potter series is a testimony to the fact the world of magic has an affective and cathartic function in the modern society. Salman Rushdie is probably aware of this pulse of the young adult readers and his novel, Luka and the Fire of Life, written with Milan, his teenage son as the ideal reader, is a delightful blend of fairytale, magic realism and video game. This paper will examine the way in which Rushdie uses the paradigm of game theory in the novel to create an alternate reality of the World of Magic to facilitate a console-like use of a print-in narrative. The paper will also see how ‘gaming,’ by extension, the fabulous use of lexical units provides Luka, the protagonist and Rushdie, the fabulator, an affective axis that affords a postmodern psycho-moral cleansing of violence.

The FM transmitter bug is a very sensitive miniature FM microphone transmitter that can be constructed from basic electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes. Basically, it serves as a detective device to covertly monitor conversations and can be considered as a surveillance device since it is hidden from sight to avoid easy identification. The FM bug receives sound waves preferably human voice through a microphone. The sound waves are then converted into electrical energy and then back to audio signal (sound energy) at the output end. Next, the sound waves are amplified to a level that can be modulated over RF waves.

Common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an allohexaploid species (2n = 6x = 42, having AABBDD genome). Globally, wheat is a staple food for human population due to its bread making quality. The bread making quality of wheat is controlled by seed storage proteins. In the present study water soluble seed storage proteins were extracted from ditelosomic and deletion lines of group 5 homoeologous chromosomes. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was carried out using 12.5% resolving gel (3.0M Tris pH 9, 0.4% SDS and 4.5% stacking gel (0.4M Tris pH 7.0, 0.4% SDS). Each individual protein band was considered as a locus / allele. Alleles were scored as present (1), absent (0) and a bivariate (1-0) data matrix was generated

This study aims to compare interest rate pass-through in Albania with that in countries of Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe. The methodology employed across countries consists in time series cointegrating methods, which allow studying the long- and short-run dynamics of such pass-through. The comparison is based on results obtained by Balázs et al (2006) for countries of Central and Eastern Europe, and those obtained by Pertrevksi and Bogoev (2012) for countries of South Eastern Europe.

Technology can increase our productivity and independence by facilitating the performance, simplifying tasks, allowing greater speed and less physical energy. It can also enhance our knowledge, understanding and participation by expanding our access to information, places and people. Assistive technologies are used by individuals with disabilities in order to perform functions that might otherwise be difficult or impossible. It improves the quality of life in them. Therefore, it is imperative that the training of assistive technology should be integrated with education of children with visual impairment for better adaptability and greater independence in the society. These training needs create an obvious call for competency in special educators for children with visual impairment towards knowledge and skills in assistive technologies.

The present study is an attempt to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement among student-teachers. The Test of Emotional Intelligence of K.S. Misra was used to assess the emotional intelligence of student-teachers and the marks obtained by the student-teachers in theory and practical examination served as an index of academic achievement. The findings of the study revealed that emotional intelligence is positively related to academic achievement (theory & practice) and student-teachers with high emotional intelligence scored better in theory and practical examination than the student-teachers with low emotional intelligence.

While on the one hand, John Donne needs no introduction as a metaphysical poet, on the other hand, due recognition was not given to him for a long time. It was only with the endeavours of T. S. Eliot that he got his due recognition some two centuries after his time. Eliot understood and appreciated the various metaphysical elements Donne used in his poetry. Eliot not only described Donne’s concept of metaphysical poetry to the literary world but he also used many of these metaphysical elements in his poems. This paper is an attempt to relate Eliot with the metaphysical elements of Donne. It also tries to identify what Eliot perceived in the metaphysical poetry of Donne and how he made a tremendous contribution in reviving and further extending the tradition of the seventeenth century metaphysical poetry.

We have established a fixed point theorem in 2-metric space for four maps. Our result generalizes the result of Lal and Singh.

The study examines the Constraints in Rural Libraries Development in India with special reference to M. P. to find the hurdles in development of Libraries in M. P. by using survey method. The study also highlights the uses of Libraries, problems and some suggestions for solutions.

Interbank markets play a crucial role in the financial system. They make possible to transfer liquidity in a timely manner by banks with surplus liquidity to those that face shortage. In the recent years many Central Banks in the world have implemented a monetary policy led by open market operations in order to control the interest rate in the interbank market for overnight loans. These interventions have a significant impact on the overall economy. Despite their importance, interbank markets are not adequately addressed in the economic literature. This lack of theoretical framework made that when banks faced liquidity shortages during the global economic crisis in August 2007, central banks were uncertain how to act concretely.

In this research, an evaluation has been done according to the Psychology Teachers’ views about Psychology Lesson Teaching curriculum which has been prepared for the purpose of implementing it, beginning from academic year 2011-2012, in the secondary education institutions, decision numbered 20, having date 25 December 2011 of Turkey Ministry of National Education, Council of Education and Morality. In the research, screening model has been used. Target population of the study has formed with Psychology Teachers who have carried out a duty in Şanlıurfa and Gaziantep Provinces

The article attempts to look at how hunger can be treated as a traumatic experience (trauma) and how this trauma is represented in fiction. The analysis focuses on Herta Müller’s The Hunger Angel (2012, originally published in Germany in 2009) in which the discussion of various excerpts from the novel shows that hunger trauma is represented as having effect on both the body and the mind although the psychological effect seems to be emphasised more than the bodily one. The effect on the body is expressed only through some references to diseases that the deportees in the sick barrack are down with and short descriptions of human beings as genderless objects or shells (skin and bones) that are left after continuous starvation.

Common bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an allohexaploid species (2n = 6x = 42, having AABBDD genome). Globally, wheat is a staple food for human population due to its bread making quality. The bread making quality of wheat is controlled by seed storage proteins. In the present study water soluble seed storage proteins were extracted from ditelosomic and deletion lines of group 5 homoeologous chromosomes. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was carried out using 12.5% resolving gel (3.0M Tris pH 9, 0.4% SDS and 4.5% stacking gel (0.4M Tris pH 7.0, 0.4% SDS). Each individual protein band was considered as a locus / allele. Alleles were scored as present (1), absent (0) and a bivariate (1-0) data matrix was generated

Physical inactivity acts as a threat to human life, which has increased the burden of diseases, due to demographic transition, change in life style, and change in various aspects of personal and social life [3]. Developed countries are equipped for the promotion of physical activity whereas developing countries are struggling to stabilize their basic public health parameters. As a result of lack of concern from the governments they face huge risk of Non Communicable Diseases [NCD]. The study proposed the vigor of this risk in the “coal capital” Dhanbad district, situated in Jharkhand, India.

Kincaid understands clearly that the colonial legacy of Antigua has handicapped a community forever. She grew up within the structure of British educational system that was imposed upon Antiguans. She grew to detest everything about England except the literature. Her protagonists detest neocolonial practices which are found in Antigua.