Human Rights are inherent, inalienable, basic natural rights without which no human can live as human. It’s a universal concept, derived from natural law and not conferred by any society or State. All rights that essential for the maintenance of human dignity may be called as human rights. The main aim behind it is to create suitable environment for development. It is a live concept covering new areas day by day. On 10th Dec.1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights was made, and it is a unique landmark in the human rights development. The Constitution of Independent India came into force on 26th January, 1950. Human rights in the Indian Constitution are divided into two separate parts. Part III of the constitution houses the ‘Fundamental Rights’, while Part IV of the onstitution contains the Directive Principles of State Policy. Article 14 of the Constitution of India recognizes the principle of equality. Right to life with dignity is recognised by Art.21. Constitution upholds the human rights of women but still women have been socially, economically, psychologically and sexually exploited from ancient times. Constitution also recognizes freedom of expression, movement, freedom of religion, minority rights, free legal aid etc. As per Article 32 of the Constitution, the Indian Judiciary has given important decisions upholding the human rights guaranteed under the Constitution of India like, Right to education, right of arrestee, right to compensation, food, clothing and shelter etc.

Responses of Japanese Quails (Corturnix corturnix japonica) to Winged Termites (Omitermes meridionalis), as sole source of protein were determined. Growing Japanese Quails (GJQ) were fed Winged Termites (WT) as protein sources in the ration. Eighteen GJQ were first fed conventional quail feed for two (2) weeks and then divided into two homogeneous groups with nine(9) experimental units and three(3) replications for each treatment in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). The nine (9) GJQ from each of the two(2) groups were randomly assigned to three (3) cages each containing three (3) experimental units. Similarly, the two(2) rations were randomly assigned to the six (6) cages. The cages were labelled by the number of diet and replica as C1-D1 for cage 1 assigned to diet 1, C2-D1 for cage 2 assigned to diet 1, C3-D1 for cage 3 assigned to diet 1, C1-D2 for cage 1 assigned to diet 2, C2-D2 for cage 2 assigned diet 2 and C3-D2 for cage 3 assigned to diet 2. The two(2) groups were fed conventional quail feed and winged termites formulated feed for twenty eight(28) days. Each group was given an adaptive period of two (2) weeks to the treatment before commencement of data collection. Each bird was offered fifty(50g) of feed daily for the entire feeding period.

Noise pollution and allied health problems are seen in all ages worldwide. This is due to an increase in mechanization in industries and transportation as well as home appliances which produce high levels of noise. Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a common health complaint found in industrial workers. The present research work describes NIHL in bore well personnel in India. Noise levels were measured at bore well digging sites in different locations in India and the standard noise level value calculated at respective locations. Presence of NIHL among workers was ascertained by audiometric findings. Eighty-seven workers from 20 locations participated in the study. Standard noise level (Leq) in the above locations was 111dB. NIHL prevalence was 57% among bore well personnel. NIHL is a permanent and disabling condition. Hearing conservation programs are necessary to reverse the trend of NIHL in India. These include the provision of ear plugs to prevent hearing problems in industrial workers.

This paper is an attempt to explore the historical factors responsible for the alienation or the trust deficit that does obtain between the Union government of India and Jammu and Kashmir or Indian administered Kashmir with primary focus on the 1947-1963 period. This paper will not delve into the international contours of the Kashmir issue reflected from a series of United Nations resolutions on it but will primarily attempt at exploring the erosion of special status of Kashmir (political autonomy) enshrined in article 370 of the Indian constitution that took place during the regimes of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah and Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad’s at the behest of New Delhi especially between 1952-1963. Steps aimed at bringing Kashmir at par with other states of the Indian union have eroded the faith of a politically conscious Kashmiri in the democratic credentials of India. Political machinations have been the hallmark of the political landscape of Kashmir and even Jawaharlal Nehnru, a moralist and the standard bearer of democratic ideals and principles , could not prove the litmus test when it came to Kashmir. The elections in Kashmir have always remained controversial thus telling upon the efforts of India to effect a stable and emotional integration of Kashmir with the Indian union.

The advances in the informatics and communication technologies of today ensured the development of visual environment and possibilities. Several researches indicate that we live in a visual age that re-shapes social processes, communication, perception and interpretation ways. The fact that perceiving and interpreting the world through visuals rather than words have direct effect on cultural structure and processes. In our age, “visuals” are the carriers of cultures throughout the world. Each culture has unique properties in the contexts of “values”. Cultural values contain invisible moral elements and therefore they are not clearly and obviously a visible and tangible structure. However, the reflections of the moral side of culture can be observed in artefacts that is the visible culture lements. The fact that visible culture elements include cultural values indicates that globalization can affect visual language only in a certain dimension. In our visual age, there are differences in intercultural visual language despite the rule of dominant cultures. In this context, this paper explains the concept and elements of culture and draws attention on the effect of globalization on the visual elements of culture. Later, the differences of intercultural visual language and visual communication over the concept of visual grammar.

With the rapid development of Internet, safe covert communications in the network environment become an essential research direction. Steganography is a significant means that secret information is embedded into cover data imperceptibly for transmission, so that information cannot be easily aware by others. Text Steganography is low in redundancy and related to natural language rules these lead to limit manipulation of text, so they are both great challenges to conceal message in text properly and to detect such concealment.

This paper presents the thesis that a theoretical analysis of the concept of “virtuality” should start, above all, by a study of the links between the structures of language and what through them is named and described as virtual. Make intelligible such relations favors not only an analytical development of the concept in question, but also brings into play the forms in which language itself constitutes and expresses the reality. One of those forms is the metaphor, which here allows to trace a “mythological bond” between virtuality and discourse.

Identity and its construction is a very problematic issue today. Descartes? autonomous thinking self (cogito), whose existence is independent of everything outside it, is problematized today. Though different philosophers like David Hume, Emile Durkheim, George Herbert Mead have questioned the liberal humanistic view of the unproblematic autonomous self on different grounds earlier, today Poststructuralism and its associated theories argue that the existence of the self always rests upon the existence of the other. Marxist Poststructuralist Louise Althusser argues that self is the product of pre-existing ideology. For French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, our subjectivity is constituted by language. Michel Foucault says that self is constructed through its positioning within discourses. What Althusser, Lacan and Foucault have said in their respective fields lead us to the conclusion that identity is not a fixed, enclosed and monolithic entity. On the other hand, it is in a state of flux and subject to continuous shaping and reshaping thereby opening up a space for identity politics. That the identity of a woman is culturally constructed was first clearly shown by Simone De Beauvoir who in her The Second sex commented, “One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman” (Beauvoir 1956, 273). The process of becoming woman involves the acquisition of predefined roles.

Today carbon dioxide CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere are increasing as a direct results of human activities such as deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels. Over the past 150 years, CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere have increased by as much as 30 percent (from 280 to 370ppm). The effect of CO2 on the PH chemistry of seawater and aquatic organisms and ecosystems. The pH drops as a result of absorbing excess CO2 from the atmosphere. As fact that the oceans are becoming more acidic.

This study was conducted to investigate the diet composition, length-weight relationship and condition factor of Mugil cephalus from the Cross River estuary, Nigeria, between May 2009 and July 2009. A total of 210 freshly caught specimens of Mugil cephalus were collected from the catches of the artisanal fisheries from the Cross River Estuary, Nigeria. Results obtained showed an allometric growth pattern for this fish species with a significant linear relationship given by the equation: TW= 0.0586SL2.5631 and Log TW = 2.5631LogSL - 1.2318 (r2 = 0.5136, t = 3.768, n = 210, P< 0.05, d.f 208). Variability was observed in the condition factor between months. Mean condition factor highest in May (1.96 ± 0.04) followed by 1.88 ± 0.04 (June) and 1.75 ± 0.05 (July)

Studies were conducted on the distribution and occurrence of microcrustaceans in Uwanse Stream Calabar, Nigeria between October 2009 and February, 2010. The objectives of this study was to determine the abundance and diversity of microcrustaceans in the Stream. A total of 523 individuals of microcrustaceans belonging to three (3) taxonomic groups (copepoda, cladocera and decapoda) were recorded during the three months sampling period as follows: October 2009, 214 individuals (40.91 %), December 2009, 188 (35.95%) and February 2010, 121 individuals (23.14%). Ecological indices of Microcrustaceans from Uwanse stream showed species were more diverse and richer in a rainy monty (October) than dry season months (December and February)

The objective of this study was investigating the job atisfaction, awareness and knowledge sharing (KS) methods of Debre Markos and Assosa Universities libraries employees’ in Ethiopia. Thesubjects of the study were all Debre Markos University Library (DMUL) and Assosa University Library (ASUL) mployees including the library directors. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the DMUL and ASUL employees and interviews were also used to collect data from the library directors. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were used to analyze quantitative data.

The paper is about demonstrating the method of content analysis by using story as the subject of research. It is about story of a nearly forty year old lady abused in his marital relation. She narrates her whole story which author divided in to segments of significance and reflections are drawn from the corresponding to it. The reflections are then analyzed and generalizations are drawn in section analysis. It was concluded that abuse is a strategy rather than isolated incidents; it starts in the couples having mismatch dominance urge of husband and submissive extent of wife. Abuser uses all possible tools to establish his authority and power in the relation. Abuse happens to be due to absence of institutional support, economic dependence, forced isolation, male psyche of dominance and female psyche of connectionism & psychological homelessness. Finally, author suggests some measures as way out for resolving the issue. Abusing relation is a crime against humanity, as all are born independent and no one is slave to any other. Marriage is only the institution created by the society for social way of living.

An experiment was carried out in laboratory of soil department, college of agriculture, university of diyala during the year 2013-2014 to evaluate tolerance of bio-agents fungi such as Trichoderma harzanium, Trichoderma viride and Paecilomyces lilacinus and plant pathogenic fungi such as Rizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina to poisons of fungicides such as Goldazim , Premise ,Raxil and Dividend. Trichoderma harzanium was significantly superior in tolerance of toxicity of Goldazim 5.3 cm to all concentrations as compared with other bio-agents and plant pathogenic fungi whereas the radial growth of Rizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina was 1.5 cm, Rizoctonia solani and Trichoderma harzanium were more olerance to toxicity of Premise 5.6 and 5.5 cm respectively followed by Macrophomina phaseolina 3.9 cm, Trichoderma harzanium was significantly superior in tolerance to toxicity of Raxil 3.7 cm to all concentrations followed by Rizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina 2.9 and 1.6 cm respectively, Paecilomyces lilacinus was superior in tolerance to toxicity of Dividend fungicide 4.3 cm to all concentrations followed by Rizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina 4.1 and 2.9 cm respectively.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found in 3’UTRs that disrupt normal miRNA binding or introduce new binding sites and some of these have been associated with disease pathogenesis. This raises the importance of detecting miRNA targets and predicting the possible effects of SNPs on binding sites. Where non-synonymoussingle nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in coding regions can lead to amino acid changes, may cause alteration protein function alteration, lead to variations in susceptibility to disease and altered drug response. Identification of deleterious nsSNPs is important for characterizing the genetic basis of human disease. Many insilico methods (SIFT, PolyPhen, I-mutant, CPH, Chimera) were used to identify functional from total pool SNPs, and that to explore the possibility relationships between genetic mutation and phenotypic variation. Through these methods, within exons regions, 14 damaging nsSNPs were found within Scl22A12 and SclA9 genes (seven SNPs in each gene). By the same token in 3-untranslated region (3'UTR), eight functional SNPs found within Scl22A12 and five in Slc2A9 genes. In conclude these previous functional identified SNPs, have a pathogenesis basis for -SclA9, Scl22A12- genes alteration, and could lead to gout disease. This prediction analysis of SNPs in human would be useful for further genotype-phenotype studies on individuals.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited autosomal recessive human genetic disorder, many previous studies proved the association of PKU disease and PAH gene. Mutations within PAH gene could resulting to deficiency in activity of the hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme (PAH), which also could leads to irreversible severe physical, neurological and cognitive abnormalities. Most human genetic variation is represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and many human SNPs are believed to cause phenotypic differences between individuals. These variations are considered as being the cause of diseases, differences in response to treatment, susceptibility to diseases or being neutral having no impact at all. In this study for the nsSNPs of PAH gene, comprehensive analysis were done to filtrate deleterious from benign nsSNPs at both functional and structural level, used SIFT and PolyPhen servers. Furthermore, analyzed the SNPs in 3UTR (microRNAs binding and there target sites) used PolymiRTS database. A major findings in this study were 30 damaging SNPs detection by SIFT and Polyphen-2 servers, and six functional SNPs disturbed or create a new miRNA binding sits. Based on this study investigation, shown the potential predicted of nsSNPs and mirSNPs used insilico methods.

The article studies the degree of infection of the bees with nosema in various beekeeping massifs. It is clear that the infection degree depends upon the height of the area where the beekeeping farms are located. It is shown that fruitfulness of the bees will be high thanks to the herbal-composition remedies.

This study was designed to find the comparative effects of teaching Physics through inquiry method and traditional lecture method. The objective of the study was find the effect of teaching Physics through Inquiry Teaching Method (ITM) on academic achievement of male students Five null hypotheses were tested in order to achieve the objective. One twenty (120) science students of Grade 9, from two schools were taken as sample of the study. Students of each school were divided into two equivalent groups i.e. control and experimental group on the basis of Pre-test of academic achievement. Experimental groups were taught through inquiry method and control groups by traditional lecture method for ten weeks. Post-test of academic achievements was administered after treatment to assess the difference in performance of all groups. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed by computing mean, standard deviation and tvalue. The data collected by Pre-test of academic achievement, Post-test academic achievement were analyzed by applying t-test. The performance of the experimental group on Post-test of academic achievement was significantly better than pre-test of academic achievement. The conclusion of study were the Inquiry teaching method (I.T.M) is more effective as compared to traditional teaching lecture method (T.T.L.M) for teaching Physics and inquiry method improves different learning domains such as knowledge ability, comprehension ability, application ability and skill development ability of students.

Background: Vitamin D start codon polymorphism has been suggested to be associated with the increase risk of developing different hematological malignancies including AML. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between VDR start codon F/f polymorphism and the risk of AML among Sudanese. Study Design: Hospital-based case-control study. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 Sudanese patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were enrolled in this study. In addition 37 age and sex matched healthy volunteers were included as a control group. Five milliliters (ml) of venues blood were collected and pour into K3 ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and genomic DNA was extracted from all samples using salting out method. A 260 bp fragment of VDR gene was amplified by PCR and digested by restriction enzyme (FokI) to detect the polymorphism.

Children learn to collaborate with and attract children of their own age, to observe others rights, to live a team life and to develop many more social processes through play. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of a period of individual and team plays on the social development of educable mentally retarded children. In this quasi-experimental study, two experimental and one control group were used with the pretest-posttest design. The statistical population consisted of mentally retarded students (aged between 8 and 11) in Tehran province. Two schools were selected from special schools of Tehran province by cluster sampling method. Then, 45 male students were randomly selected from the students of these schools and assigned to three groups (each group 15 subjects) of experimental (10.7+0.3) and control (10.5+0.4). After the parents consent, experimental subjects performed the school plays for a month, 12 sessions, and 3 sessions per week.

The conventional idea of a strong link between material capital and economic development is exchanged with the thought of the strong relationship between human capital and economic prosperity. This research is accepted to decide the causative and dynamic nexus in the short run and long run of economic strength with intangibles like education and health in the case of Pakistan. This paper will highlight the hidden economic drivers for GDP. Unit root tests, ADF, Phillip Perron test and ARDL tools are applied to model on time series data from 1972 to 2014 of 43 years. Secondary data composed from certified websites of WDI, WBG, IMF, MOF and SBP primarily. Entire independent variables showed positive association with GDP per capita, but primary enrollment showed a negative impact on GDP per capita in the short run. The share of intangibles in economic advancement is less than 5% in the case of Pakistan. On the bases of findings, it is strongly recommended that government should increase expenditures on education sector to more than 5% of GNP instead of just 2%. Government should allot more than 5% of GDP instead of just 0.4% to increase the health level of the population particularly of females. Government must link the economy with the health and education sectors.

The research on “Analysis of male attitude towards selection of their spouse” was carried by the researchers with the bjectives: 1) To check the Male attitude towards the selection of their spouses. 2) To find the intensity of male participation / interest and their behavior towards the selection of their spouses. 3) To find out the intensity of the demand of dowry from the male Families. 4) To check the impact of dowry demand on bridal families. In Methodology the quantitative research design was used to see the relationship between different variables and the data was collected from, Stratified random Sampling. The target population for present study was male student with age group from 19 to 35 of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan with 150 sample size. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the relationship and to streamline the opinion of respondents. The study concluded that in the spouse selection the parents play an important role. In cultural marriages the mostly parents are showing their interest in land and other costly things for the safety of their daughter.

Child labour is defined as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development. The activities performed by persons of less than 18 years of age that contribute to the production of a marketable product, good, or service, whether that activity is done for pay or not. This includes household work performed, bn m in the parents’ home, in situations where such work can be assimilated to an economic activity as, for example, when a child must devote his or her entire time to that work so that his or her parents can be employed outside home and is therefore deprived of the possibility of going to school.

During the last decade, Oral communications skills have got great significance during academics and practical life in Pakistan. Extempore which proved to be a very helpful technique for students of undergraduate (Department of English), disclosed the more successful road for better future jobs. This paper basically deals with the use of extempore technique in English class. Firstly, students were introduced to what this technique is and then they were given topics and time to arrange their main points. At last, questionnaires were given to students to check their responses on the extempore technique. The strength of the class was 63. The class was of co-education and combination of arts and science background education. The findings showed that extempore is learned once and practiced again and again, helped learners throughout their life. The findings also showed that this technique can train the mental faculties of students and make their thinking ability more sharp. This all would be useful for the oral skills of learners.

In the article was given deep information about biomorphological, ecological characteristics and geographical features, areal types and usage perspectives of kinds included into Stachys L. species of nonstringings (Lamiaceae Lindl.) family widely spread in flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. At the same time it deals with mainly spread areas of existing kinds in the world and on the territory of Nakhchivan, time of blossoming and fruit of herbal plants, their chemical content, pharmacological influence and treatment direction.

The aim of the present study was designed to find out the differences in occupational stress among hospital nurses in relation to type of hospitals and gender. The sample comprised of 160 hospital nurses selected by stratified randomization from various hospitals in Meerut city. A scale measure of occupational stress index (OSI) developed by Dr. A. K. Srivastava and Dr. A. P. Singh (Varanasi), was used 46 items was administered with the help of research assistants and the unit matrons. 2 x 2 factorial design was used in this study. The results show that the effect of type of hospitals and gender has a significant effect on nurses occupational stress level at P. < 0.05 while interaction of type of hospitals and gender has non- significant effect.

Emerged in the early 1970s, Islamic finance has seen its rise on the world stage after the last financial crisis. This crisis has seen the rise of several channels claiming the importance of Islamic finance as preventive weapon against the outbreak of any crisis while others reject this idea and see in Islamic finance as a complement to conventional finance in terms of collecting savings and improvement of banking services. The update of this debate is the goal of this article. Through the experience of Iran and the Maghreb countries in the Islamization of the banking sector we will try to reveal whether Islamic finance could be a substitute for conventional finance and how this would be possible?

This research detects the kind of relationship between income inequality and economic growth in the emerging countries. It is interested in different theoretical studies which have treated the relationship itself. In this way, we will deal with the current economic growth whether it is accompanied by a rise or a decline in inequality.

Bharati Mukherjee is one of the feminist immigrant writers. She has received considerable critical attention from almost all over the globe for her effective writing. This paper deals with one of the old question that is deep down in every woman’s heart: Is woman, an object of prestige? Is this the only identity she has in the patriarchal society? Why is she always passed on from one person to another as one’s property? And above all why people set their respect and reputation on a woman when everybody is individual in this society? Why she is always forced to be a “Gendered Subaltern”? This research paper will try to find answers to these entire questions in context of Bharati Mukherjee’s novel “Desirable Daughters”.

The present study is aimed to evaluate the impact of climate change on milk production in Nyagatare District, Eastern Province, Rwanda. Nyagatare District has experienced small quantity of rains and hot temperature. It is characterized by two main seasons: One long dry season that varies between three and five months with an annual average temperature varying between 25.30 C and 27.7 0C. The monthly distribution of the rains varies from year to another. The annual rain falls are both very weak (827mm/an) and very unpredictable to satisfy the needs in Agriculture and livestock. It is having little number of rivers, this constitutes a serious problem, where government should respond and provide safe water for people and animals. Climate change may affect milk production because of the sensitivity of dairy cows to excessive temperature and humidity. Milk production is decreasing in dry season which can vary from three to five months.

Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) was developed by Tschannen-Moran and Anita Woolfolk Hoy (2001), an attempt to provide an instrument with strong reliability and validity. The purpose of the present study was to explore the validity and reliability of the Albanian version, of the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale applied to student teachers. Data in this study were collected from a total number of 92 students enrolled in the third year of the Bachelor study program: "Elementary Teacher" and "Preschool Teacher". Measurements were made at two stages of development Pedagogical Practice. Descriptive statistics, Principal-axis factoring with varimax rotation, and Scree Test were used to explore the data analyses. Results revealed that the Albanian version of the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale had high reliability coefficient which was a = .94 (before practice) and a= .96 (after practice), as estimated by Cronbach alpha coefficient. Factorial analysis found that, items of the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale yielded a single factor with an eigenvalue of 7.10, which explains and the unifactor solution accounted for 59% of the total variance.

One of the most important factors in improving students academic is motivation and job satisfaction of teachers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between personality traits and job satisfaction. In this study, five feature of personality (neuroticism, extroversion, compliance, compatibility, conscientiousness) with dimensions of job satisfaction in a sample of male and female teachers in elementary school, junior high school, high school were investigated. Research method was descriptive and qualitative and population included all of teachers in 3 school years in Kouhdasht. Stratified random sampling was to select 150. Measures were NEO personality test and Job satisfaction test. The findings showed that conscientiousness, extroversion and acceptance had significant relationship with job satisfaction. And neuroticism and openness variables had a significant relationship with job satisfaction .

Background: Dental caries is a public health problem in developing countries like Bangladesh. The unique characteristic of dental diseases is that they are universally prevalent and do not undergo remission or termination if untreated and require technically demanding expertise and time consuming professional treatment. Objective: To assess prevalence of dental caries among slum school children was aim of this study. Methodology: This was a cross sectional observational study conducted among 100 school going slum children. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. The teeth showing discoloration, chalky appearance of enamel, softened enamel or broken surface by visual examination or probing has been defined as caries tooth. Prior interview verbal consent was taken from every espondent. Result: Mean±SD age was 10.47±1.65 year. About 76% were male & 24% were female students.

Fast and accurate analysis for identification and separation of nitro-glycerine (NG) and nitrocellulose (NC) in gunpowder residues, with one and two bases after firing weapons, remains a challenge that forensic experts have to develop and prove in international forums and in low concentrations (nanograms or fentogram). Therefore, this scientific research intends to do this by developing a thin layer chromatography technique, as a simple, efficient and fairly accurate method.

Many companies do not suffer only the consequences of internal disruptions, but also the consequences of their direct and indirect supplier’s disruptions. Managing intentional disruptions is more difficult, as you do not have the full control of the situation. The aim of this research is to understand why the severity of the same disruption is different for companies in the same industry. The research focuses only on inbound disruptions. The methodology used to achieve the research objectives is comparative case studies, respectively Dell and Nokia case study. Nokia and Dell faced an inbound disruption and they were able to handle successfully the disruption while their competitors could not manage to do so. The two case studies refer to past events, as their aim is to prepare managers to handle the future inbound supply chain disruptions, by learning from the experience of past disruptions. Managers should be aware that the best strategy for handling inbound supply chain disruption is a combination of resilience, company’s culture, and organization structure. The findings of this research will outline the importance of company’s culture and organization structure in handling inbound supply chain disruptions.

Various forms of organized crime are present in almost all contemporary states. Within various forms of crime, phenomenon of smuggling with narcotics has evolved greatly all around the world. Smuggling with narcotics as one of the most spread form of crime brings major consequences for the humanity. This form of crime mainly is manifested with illegal smuggling of inebriation drugs, which cause addiction to drugs at millions of people all around the world.

The fundamental assignment of statistical astrophysics is to study macroscopic phenomena that result from microscopic interaction among many entity components. This problem is similar to many investigations undertaken in space plasma. In particular, open system under nonlinear regulation, such as unperturbed electron concentration is a good candidate for such an approach, Therefore, it seems reasonable to consider the possibility that dynamical systems under concentration may exhibit temporal structures which are similar, under certain conditions, to those found in physical systems. Indeed, concepts and techniques originating in statistical astrophysics are showing promise as useful tools for quantitative analysis of complicated nonlinear systems.

This paper seeks to determine the strategies used by interpreters to render collocations in simultaneous interpreting. The interpretive theory of translation (ITT) is adopted in this paper as a theoretical framework. Derived from the ITT, two main parameters, i.e. comprehensibility and transferability are underscored and treated to test the participants’ strategies to render collocations in their interpretations. Drawing on the ITT, two types of data (qualitative and quantitative) are analyzed: transcribe data from a practical experiment carried out with 12 interpreting students and data from 33 interpreters of questionnaire conducted to reach the aim of this study. Both results show that interpreters manage collocation easily, as the retrieval of these readymade chunks is usually not difficult. In addition, interpreters try to use the equivalence strategy in simultaneous interpreting while rendering collocations. Partial omission through the merging of words is a strategy used by interpreters to keep the sense of collocations, especially when these collocations have semantic repetition. Paraphrasing is another strategy used by interpreters when rendering collocations. Finally, combination of strategies is utilized to render some collocations as these strings of words are above word level.

European Union (EU) is second largest trade partners of Ethiopia accounting for 14.5% of Ethiopia’s total trade just after China in 2013. EU exports to and imports from Ethiopia are slowly gaining momentum. Ethiopia is looked upon as important development assistance partners of EU in Africa. Still this holds true or there is any improvement in commercial trading relationship between Ethiopia and EU. Further, what will be the future of the bilateral and multilateral trade between Ethiopia and EU? In order to know the answer, we attempted to analyze the trend of trade between the two trade partners and then projected the potential of the future trade between them. Here we have applied projected growth rate formula to guess the volume of future trade between two trade partners. Further, what are the important factors responsible for the trade flows between them? To know this, we further attempted to correlate certain selected variables with total trade position of the Ethiopia with EU.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) equity inflow is important country’s economic development. Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) brings 11% of FDI equity flows to India. This by volume is considerably significant. This share is continuously increasing. There are several factors that determine the FDI equity inflows to a country. Empirical evidence proves the importance of gross capital formation, trade position of the country with partners, import and export trade openness, debt position, gross savings and inflation as potential determinants of FDI equity inflows from ASEAN to India. The objective of this paper is to analyses some of the potential determinants of FDI equity inflows from ASEAN to India during the period 2000 to 2012. An econometric model is used to find out the determinants of FDI equity inflows. The time frame for this analysis is 12-year period from January 2000 to January 2012, based on data availability. Majority of the explanatory variables specified in the econometric model found to be significant in attracting FDI while some variables are found to be non-significant in this case.

Present study attempts to highlight Job satisfaction which is a set of favourable or unfavourable feelings and emotions with which employees view their works. It refers to a collection of attitudes that workers have about their job. The present study was conducted to investigate the level of satisfaction of secondary school teachers along with responsible potential sources and demographic variables. Study was descriptive in nature. The data were collected from different secondary sources like books, journals, published and unpublished thesis and from the government documents to test the research questions. Generally teachers were less satisfied with advancement, compensation, supervision human-relation, and working conditions. Many demographic variables and potential sources are responsible for the dissatisfaction of teacher’s levels of teaching.

Background: Clubfoot may occur as part of a greater syndrome or as an isolated malformation. A combination of genetic and environmental factors appears to be associated with the congenital clubfoot deformity and incidence varies with genetic background, gender and race.

The crisis in the Balkans, was the collapse of communist regimes, and the dissolution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, would find Italy, in the role of protagonist to face, stabilization of the crisis, and then to restore normal living conditions. Due to geographical proximity, which makes Italy a point of attraction for the Balkans, natural doors admissions, merchandise and Western Europe, the Balkans and the south of the Mediterranean, stability, peace, and development of those regions, represent a special national interest for the State. There are historical links that come as a result of a rule of practice since centuries from Italy. These links explain the reasons, why the Italian state, they introduce the work commitment to help rebuild the Kosovo society suffered from Serbian repression, as well as humanitarian aid. Although Italy, at the time of the Kosovo war, was preparing to experiencing deep political crisis.

In the early nineties, in the face of deep and violent crisis intestine that crossed Yugoslavia Because of irreconcilable conflict between the various national components, Within the Italian ruling class returned to manifest Fluctuations and changing attitudes that had characterized Governments policy of Rome against the Yugoslav Been since the formation of the composite team Balkans in December 1918. In the Italy of the postwar period, the creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was greeted with open hostility and authentic discomfort by a large sector of public opinion and the political world. The union of the South Slavs was not only an obstacle to the political and economic penetration into the Danube-Balkan, but a constant threat all along the eastern border to the national conflicts between English and the Slavic element in Istria and Dalmatia, and for That Yugoslavia fear could become an instrument of pressure in the hands of rival powers of Rome in the Mediterranean and in the Balkan Peninsula. For Those Who disliked the unification of the peoples of Yugoslavia, as Sidney Sonnino, protagonist of Italian foreign policy from 1914 to 1919, and as many members of the Italian nationalism, would be functional blackberries and more useful to the Objectives Italians favor the formation of entities were minor, blackberries compact and homogeneous in terms of national, forced to gravitate towards Italy for strategic and economic Reasons, and absolutely Not able to threaten Leadership in the Adriatic and the Balkans.

Constructing an automatic thesaurus for Arabic is a very challenging and difficult task due to several reasons. In this paper we proposed new method to constructing an automatic system thesaurus for Arabic language words. In order to achieve this objective, we have selected and tested a new approach for building an automatic system to construct a thesaurus for Arabic language words. We have applied the suggested approach on Al Wasit database (Al Wasit dictionary), where the most frequent words and the meaningless ones are cancelled.

This paper highlights the matters on various issues relating to the Tribal’s struggle and their forest rights in Orissa; Problems & Prospects, Forest Policies & Social Protest against it, Forest Based Livelihoods, Forest Acts & Management Strategies, Area under forest, Wildlife & Biodiversity Conservation, Diversion of Forests Land, Livelihood Development, Forest Resources, Rehabilitation and displacement, Tribal & Forest interface and Development of Alternate Livelihood in Orissa after independence. The Scheduled Tribes communities in India as well as in Orissa are characterized by economic and social marginalization, primitive existence, geographical isolation and educational backwardness. Tribal population is the aboriginal inhabitants of India who have been living a life based on the natural environment and have cultural patterns congenial to their physical and social environment. They have been neglected in different sectors of the society and to protect that they started resistance movement over the years. The major tribes of Orissa, in terms of their numerical strength, are the Kondh, Gond, Santhal, Saora, Bhuiyan, Paraja, Koya, Oraon, Gadaba, Juanga and Munda. There are also several smaller tribal communities living in the state. They are the Chenchus, Mankiridia Kharia, Baiga, Birhor and Ghara. Tribal communities such as the Santhal, Gond, Munda, Ho, Birhor, Koya, Lodha, Kondha, Bhumija, Kharia and Oraons cut across state boundaries and are found in the neighbouring states of Jharkhand.

Male sterility and flower drooping are the main drawback for production of true potato seed under prevailing climatic ondition of Bangladesh. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) may show the positive effect on true potato seed in potato mother plant. From this point of view, the experiment was carried to investigate the response of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on hybrid true potato seed production. Experiment was conducted with 3 growth regulators viz., Gibberellic Acid (GA3), Benzyl Adenine (BA) and Planofix (NAA) with 3 replications. The experiment revealed that, all growth regulators used in this experiment had marked effect on plant height, flower production, yield component and yield of TPS. The application of GA3 @ 100 ppm in flower buds and inflorescences of female parent (MF II) resulted higher retention of flowers. Result also showed that, application of 200 ppm GA3 on flowers buds and inflorescences of female was best for the reduction of flower shedding and to get a higher yield of hybrid TPS(118.0 kg ha-1).

Treasury embodies the results of operations and how to achieve financial balance of compliance. Not always an entity that ends year with benefits, has a positive cash (cash at bank and in availability). And this, because the gap between the recording and accounting of revenue and expenditure receipts and payments as they fall due, that gap can be decisive for the fate of the enterprise. This is a major requirement of the accrual. Therefore, an efficient management of the economic entity comprises both the asset management flows (revenues / expenses) and cash management, i.e. the flows of receipts and payments. The statistical evidence shows that most of the failures are due to weaknesses in treasury management.

Bonding between organization and employees provides a useful opportunity for enhanced growth and proficiency of organization. Biggest concern for organizations nowadays is how to retain the best manpower for effective output. This study, justice perceptions and turnover intentions with moderating role of locus of control, aims to examine locus of control as a moderator on the effects of distributive justice, psychological contract and job satisfaction on turnover intentions. This study also explored the relationship of the aforementioned variables with turnover intentions. Participants for the study were lecturers both from public and private sector universities, selected through convenient sampling technique. Cross-sectional data was collected. Regression Analysis was conducted to analyze data. Analysis revealed interesting insights and guidelines for practical and academic implications.

Nadine Gordimer was a pre-eminent white South African writer who challenged apartheid through her writings both fiction and nonfiction and her activities in the second half of the twentieth century. The major chunk of Gordimer?s writing career coincided with the era in which the South African Government imposed apartheid on the indigenous people through rigorous legislation and rapid state control after the Nationalist government came to power in 1948. Her large body of work embodies in essence and spirit, the very ethos of the South African experience. She was awarded the Noble Prize for Literature in 1991 being the first South African and the third African and the first women in twenty five years to have won this coveted prize. In the judgment of the Swedish Academy of letters, Gordimer won the prize for her outstanding literary works focussing on the effects of race relations in her society “of very great benefit to humanity”.

India is a microcosm or miniscule cross-section of the world as it represents a plurality of cultures and languages. In an age of globalization, people export not only commodities but ideas as well. This is not new to a country that has upheld the concept of vasudaivakudumbakam. Nevertheless, social stratification informed by casteism has resulted in linguistic hierarchies in which languages like Sanskrit have been privileged. This privileging of languages have access to their literatures restricted to a select-few which it why it has backfired against the language, and consequently fallen out of currency and not acquired the status of a vernacular language. The condition of marginal languages remained pathetic as their literatures did not cross readership beyond a fixed geographical domain. Comparative literature in India has a major role to play as it addresses all the languages in this hierarchy, and places them side-by-side for comparison. Further, these languages and literatures enter into a dialogue subverting linguistic boundaries and the question of grand narratives.

The evolutionary concept of microfinance came into being in 20th century as an alternate to traditional financial services offered by banks. The objective of microfinance was to help vulnerable section of society who remained outside the formal banking sector. The system proved to be beneficial for downtrodden and neglected section which was formally considered non-bankable by banks and financial institutions. Various studies show different forms of microfinance institutions, their legal structures, its working and also highlight how this new programme (microfinance) bridges the gap by helping the poor and needy section of society. Through this paper researcher try to review the existing literature and explore the drivers of microfinance in India. The microfinance as an instrument of socio-economic change is also helpful in achieving long sought goal of financial inclusion and has to go a long way. Government, policymakers and institutions should come forward for a sound and robust system where more and more people are included in financial ambit through microfinance and social mission they have initiated can be achieved for creating positive externalities.

This study was planned to assess the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens, spent mushroom compost and carbendazim with and without soil solarization against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici that cause wilt of tomato in pots condition in the green house . A total of seven treatments, were taken up in randomized block design. Sick soil of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici was made @ cfu 3× 105/ g before solarization. After solarization FYM was applied@ 100 g / pot of each treatment. P .fluorescens @2g, spent mushroom compost @ 20 g and carbendazim @ 2g / kg soil were applied in the pots.The susceptible tomato cultivar Co-3 were sown to each pot, seven days after germination 4 seedlings per pots were maintained. Results shows that the treatment of P .fluorescens with solarized soil and carbendazim increased plant vigour and significantly reduced Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersic disease intensity as compared to other treatments. Maximum root length was noticed in T4 (solarized soil+ Spent mushroom compost+ P .fluorescens) followed by T3(solarized soil+ P .fluorescens) and T2(solarized soil+ Spent mushroom compost). Maximum fresh and dry shoot weight also recorded in P .fluorescens + Spent mushroom compost plants as compared to P .fluorescens and Spent mushroom compost alone treated plants. Among the treatments, the reduction% of disease was recorded in P .fluorescens incombination with spent mushroom compost shows maximum reduction as compared with other treatments.

Financial inclusion has gained a great importance these days, to provide with basic banking services government of India has taken a giant leap towards financial Inclusion by launching the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana on 28th August 2014, so as to elevate poverty and for the economic growth of the country. This yogna will mitigate the exploitation of vulnerable sections by usurious money lenders by facilitating easy access of to formal credit. The basic objective of this scheme is to insure universal access to banking services with at least one basic Bank Account for every household.

Seven candidate varieties of coarse rice along with one check variety KSK-133 were evaluated at seven locations throughout Pakistan in National Uniform Yield Trials (NUYT) during 2013 to determine genetic variation among these varieties for paddy yield and to find out better high yielding varieties to release for general cultivation in the country. Significant differences for paddy yield were exhibited among entries in pooled analysis. Maximum mean paddy yield (6046.6 kg/ha) of seven locations was observed in entry DR-59, followed by entry NARC-13-1 that produced mean paddy yield of 5464.1 kg/ha . On the basis of mean paddy yield, entries DR-59 and NARC-13-1may be recommended for general cultivation in Pakistan.

Phraseology is an inseparable part of the lexical structure of the Arbëresh speech. In it there are elements of the spiritual world incorporated such as social family religion the fight for survival in a bilingual environment etc.

Phraseology is an inseparable part of the lexical structure of the Arbëresh speech. In it there are elements of the spiritual world incorporated such as social family, religion, the fight for survival in a bilingual environment etc.

The Republic of Kosovo has issued several legal acts which are in place to prevent and combat the phenomenon of money laundering. These acts determine the issue of state response and other institutional mechanisms which have competence in the field of law enforcement to strike this criminal phenomenon.

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the impacts of the security threats on the social and academic activities of the students. The present study has been conducted in the Punjab University, Lahore Pakistan. The paper deals with the social domains of the security threats in particular social settings. This paper emphasis on that how peace is important in the academic institutes to regulate the academic and social activities of the students that has ultimate relation with the social and psychological personality grooming of the students. The security threats have not just limited the social and academic actives of the students in the institute but it has created some uncertainty regarding to their future. The data presented in this paper has been collected by using qualitative anthropological research techniques.

Hannah More’s conservatism is the principal trait that characterizes her work. Her writing is embedded with didactic elements that appear to serve the function of enlightening the audience and instructing them into the path of virtue. In her Juvenilia work A Search After Happiness, a moral tone is clearly present and the reader encounters four women who need to readjust their urges if they wish to turn these into traits that their society will accept. However, in spite of such a traditional configuration, More’s play is embedded with ambiguity and paradoxes that seem to go beyond the prototypical expectations with respect to female desire. In the play, the degree of female agency that is found is considerable, and we observe that the text constitutes a first step towards a wish to expand the limits of female experience in order to make it much more inclusive. This paper offers a close reading of Hannah More’s pastoral drama in order to show that the four protagonists of the play are allowed a considerable amount of self-determination. I will argue that the four womens’ acknowledgment of their unruly desires reflects a need to redirect those urges and turn them into traits that, while conforming to societal demands, still allow a significant amount of self-determination.

Human race is same even if colors and tongues differ. Redeeming the gaps between cultures will give a chance to the human to know each other and deepen their understanding of each other. What creates enmity and wars between people because they are away from each other. English as an international language provides in the context of interlingual and intercultural transfer of meaning and promotes a greater awareness of the world around you and keeps us informed about the happening that helps us in shaping the society we live and to the society we move. Language plays a crucial role in understanding humanity and can illuminate on human nature and existence in its fullness and overcome the complexity of communicating cross cultures; nations and linguistic border. Lack of cultural sensitivity has hampered business relationship and has caused lot of embarrassment. The main challenge is to overcome the cross cultural barrier. Globalisation has led to multicultural environment/workplace as well. There is an urgent need to appreciate and understand one’s countries cultural rule to overcome mutual abhorrence and develop brotherhood among nations. Cultural sensitivity is the awareness of the difference in a culturally competent atmosphere. In order to ive a peaceful life one must understand one other’s culture to form a multicultural society or a globalised society that would help us to appreciate the complexity of cultures.

Mangrove vegetation was observed along the sheltered places of Andhra Pradesh coastline, coastal backwater formations and the estuarine complex of the Guntur Delta has been studied in detail. The importance and utility of mangrove ecosystems which provide adequate nutritional values, energy supply and provide the raw materials needed for building houses, producing wood material for making boats, fishing, significantly to social and economic benefit to the people living along the coastline are well-known.Vegetation analysis methods include systemic classification of the plant species, status of mangrove plant species which is based on relative frequency, species dominance which is based on Important Value Index(IVI), species-wise distribution pattern, Maturity Index Value (MIV) .There are 43 species belonging to four major vertebrate (mammals, aves, amphibians and reptiles) with significant wildlife importance in the study area .

In this study, culture conditions were adapted to produce intact plants of Ruta graveolens L. via in vitro propagation from hypocotyl explants cultures. The results show that the direct formation of shoots from hypocotyl in agar-solidified MS medium containing 6- benzyladenine (BA) 0.25 mg L-1 and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) 0.25 mg L-1. They were kept in light or dark conditions, and did not enhance callus induction. While hypocotyl explants were grown on MS medium containing 0.25 mg L-1 of BA and 0.50 mg L-1 of 2,4-D induced callus, at ends segments, and shoots induction accursed from intermediate the tissue kept the induction medium. In liht and dark, region, hypocotyl explant lost and converted to shape callus on MS containing 0.25 mg L-1 BA and 0.75 mg L-1 2,4-D. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted easily on half- strength free growth-regulators MS medium. Plantlets with well-developed root and shoot systems were successfully acclimatized and transferred in pots containing garden soil.

The subject of usability and usability engineering has long been an influential one in the computer science field, notably in the subject of Human-computer interaction. Meanwhile, the importance of developing usable new software products has been widely recognized in the business community. Nevertheless, the theoretical and methodological strengths and weaknesses of usability engineering methodologies have not been seriously examined in the usability field. The writer draws on the experience on this topic of evaluation of various strands of systems thinking in the systems thinking field to inform this topic in the usability subject. It argues for the theoretical justification to adopt the theoretically enriched view on usability and usability engineering (TEVUAUE), which is essentially grounded on multi-perspective, systems-based research thinking (Ho, 2013) and creative holism (Jackson, 2003). As a vaguely conceived notion, the paper encourages further research effort to develop the notion of the theoretically enriched view on usability and usability engineering (TEVUAUE).

Experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field of Sher-eBangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from December, 2012 to May, 2013 to investigate the response of different levels of nitrogen and methods of weeding on the yield of hybrid boro rice (Heera 4). The treatments consisted of four nitrogen levels viz., N= 0 kg N ha-1, N1 = Urea super granules (2.7 g) @ 75 kg N ha-1, N2 = 140 kg N ha-1, N3 = 180 kg N ha-1 and five different weed control methods viz., W0 =No weeding (Control), W1= One weeding (30 days after transplanting), W2= Two weeding (30 DAT & 50 DAT), W3= Sunrice 50WG at recommended dose (100g ha-1), W4=Topstar 80WG at the recommended dose (@80g ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications having nitrogen doses in the main plots, weed control in the sub plots. Nitrogen and weed control had significant response on yield and yield components of hybrid rice viz., effective tillers hill-1 (No.), panicle length (cm), number of filled grains panicle-1, number of unfilled grains panicle-1, total grain panicle-1, weight of 1000-grain, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index (%). From the economic point of view, significant highest (9.48 t ha-1) grain yield was found from the combination of USG with Sunrice 150.

We studied the relation between monthly average count rate of cosmic ray intensity (CRI) observed at Kiel super neutron monitor during the period of solar cycle 22 and 23 with monthly average values of Geomagnetic Activity (GA) parameter Ap index and Kp index .It is seen that monthly average count rate of cosmic ray intensity is well correlated with monthly average values of Ap index and Kp index. We have found negative correlation with correlation coefficient -0.58 between monthly average values of cosmic ray intensity (CRI) and monthly average values of geomagnetic activity parameter Ap index for the period of 1986-1996. Large negative correlation with correlation coefficient -0.63 has been found between monthly average values of cosmic ray intensity (CRI) and monthly average values of geomagnetic activity parameter Ap index for the period of 1997-2007.Negative correlation with correlation coefficient -0.58 has been found between monthly average values of cosmic ray intensity (CRI) and monthly average values of geomagnetic activity parameter Ap index for the period of 1986-2007. Inverse correlation has been found between monthly average values of cosmic ray intensity (CRI) and monthly average values of Kp index. Negative correlation with correlation coefficient -0.56 has been found between monthly average values of cosmic ray intensity (CRI) and monthly average values of geomagnetic activity parameter Kp index for the period of 1986-1996.

The nutritional value (DM, Fat, CP, CF, Ash, NFE, ME, NDF, ADF, LDF and OM) of two Acacia species; A. nilotica subsp. tomentosa and A. mellifera was approximated. The nutritive value and the In vitro digestibility were improved using Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and animal feces ash. The main objective of this study is to increase the potentiality of using these non-conventional feed resources as supplementary feeds for livestock especially during the dry season when deficient feed supply prevails. This study revealed that A. mellifera leaves have the advantage over A. nilotica leaves in terms of nutritive value, that is, DM%, Fat%, CP%, CF%, Ash% and ME% for A. mellifera leaves were 99.06, 4.00, 7.36, 15.7, 8.36 and 4.61 respectively, while for A. nilotica leaves they were 99.06, 3.32, 5.5, 10.78, 8.31 and 4.24 respectively. A. nilotica leaves have the advantage over A. mellifera leaves in NDF and ADF content; that is 58% and 30.5% for A. nilotica while, 55.5 and 29.5 for A. mellifera .

In A Literature of Their Own, Elaine Showalter shows how womens literature has evolved, starting from the Victorian period to modern writing. She breaks down the movement into three stages the Feminine, a period beginning with the use of the male pseudonym in the 1840s until 1880 with George Eliot s death; the Feminist, from 1880 till the winning of the vote in 1920; and the Female, from 1920 till the present-day, including a new stage of self-awareness about 1960. (Showalter: 13).

Betterment in life has always been the point of priordiscussion. But how to proceed towards betterment is also a matter of concern. Today man is beset with different problems in his life. Most of the problems are so critical and serious that he feels it impossible to get out of them. As a result of this, he develops a negative self-image and can never come out of it. Here through these columns, we are trying to highlight the reality that he can frame his life according to his desire by giving a new shape to himself as well as his personality and develop a Residual Self-Image. Self-image designing is becoming very popular in the modern world especially in the corporate field. It is the way by which an individual can reshape and redesign his overall personality and overcome almost every problem in his life as well as in others’. His intelligence, his morality, attitude, decision making ability, culture, religion his conceptual skills about life, his background are responsible behind his image design and thereby his personality. By following the principles of SWOT analysis he can design his image according to his desire and the requirement of the modern world and necessities and proceed towards the betterment in life.

The paper focuses on the higher education sector in India, which occupies a prominent place in the human resource development of the nation. The existing literature indicates that, the higher education institutions in India are facing major problems of talent crunch and faculty retention. Lack of faculty talent and increasing rate of faculty attrition is hampering the quality of higher education. Therefore, acquiring and retaining good faculty talent has become a major challenge for institutions today.

Present study deals with seasonal changes in primary productivity of water reservoirs from Ajara tahsil of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra. During the study period Gavase, Dhangarmola, Yarandol, Khanapur and Ningudage water reservoirs were explored so as to study the seasonal variation in Gross Primary Productivity, Net Primary Productivity and Community respiration. The study revealed that GPP, NPP and CR were higher during summer season while lower during monsoon season. During study period it has also been observed that the GPP, NPP and CR values varied from site to site but the fluctuation is negligible.

After the Second World War (1939-1945) with the declined of empire, frustrated Europe began searching for an identity through dramas of all sorts of levels like “kitchen- sink drama”, “absurd drama”, “comedy of menace” and so on. The aims of these dramatists were to sensationalize, surprise, shock, to make fantasy or to accentuate the antagonism of the old and the young. The post- colonial authors in India, who were in search of both identity and artistic energy, took interest either in the ethnic and the folk or in the direct and explicit political conscious. Mahasweta Devi?s twelve-act play Mother of 1084, originally titled “Hajar Churashir Maa,” is a political analysis that lays behind the brutal massacre of Brati Chatterjee and his comrades. The killing of Brati Chatterjee and his comrades is a part of the organized brutality of the Naxalities in 1970-71, committed by the police, the party in power, hired goons , and even parties of the Left Establishment acting in unholy collusion.

The field of service quality continues to be marked by several important research questions including an evaluation of student satisfaction from a service quality perspective. To address such questions, we have conducted a pilot study to assess the relationships between service quality model postulated by Lehtinen and Lehtinen (1991) using a sample of 100 postgraduate students studying at a local private university in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The results suggested that all service quality dimensions are moderately to highly-related to student satisfaction. Future research directions are discussed.

Globalisation has become extremely difficult for tigers, leopards, lions, jaguars and all other wild cats that used to be masters of their environment. The tiger is the top consumer of a terrestrial ecosystem. While tiger population decrease day by day in globalisation era. Therefore the great cat is facing danger of becoming extinct in the Tiger-land. This is paper showing what is current situation going on Tiger population, Tiger habitat (2006 to 2010) and last three year (2011, 2012 and 2013) tiger mortality rate due various causes. Meanwhile main emphasis is on tiger landscape complex in all over India. In India there are six tiger landscape complexes. Every tiger landscape complexes have a different characteristic. But main focus on tiger population and Tiger habitat in all tiger landscape complexes. In the all landscape drastically change through anthropogenic activates and natural activate in Tiger population and Tiger hotspots. In this research paper presenting through Arc-GIs, Arc-Info, Erdass Software’s and also some statistical tools used for graphical. So in this paper focus on tiger population, is it flourishing or shrinking? And tiger habitat, is it Increasing or decreasing in Indian landscape? But result came out healthy for tiger conservation.

“Rich in details, extremely well documented and argued, Women in Dictionary makes a challenging and pleasant reading, as well as an engaging travel through the universe of patriarchy, where language betrays the imposition of male supremacy”- Professor Elisabetta Marino very rightly comments in her foreword to Prof. Karabi Hazarika?s book which is going to be one of the literary milestones of Assamese –English literature and as well as of women literature.

The general subject of this research was suggesting/devising measures and schemes in order to increase the service load at Competent Motors authorized service station and preparing an ideal delivery process for the competent show room. The research has been successful in determining the areas of delivery and service which causes dissatisfaction to the customers and suggesting measures in order to rectify the reason for customer dissatisfaction. Moreover an ideal delivery process has been prepared as a part of the research objective. Primary research was conducted for the above mentioned objective and Personal interview as observation were the tools. For the purpose structure and undersigned scheduled were prepared. A total of 100 schedules were administered at Competent Motors and Unauthorized service station lying at the radius of 5 kms from Competent motors. A total of 70 schedules were administered at Competent motors and 30 at the unauthorized service stations. The final conclusions were that the customers with the customer care parameters ranged between dissatisfied to somewhat satisfied, and the customer satisfaction with the general services parameters was exactly somewhat satisfied. The ultimate customer satisfaction at Competent Motors is just near about being somewhat satisfied.

This paper describes all possible aspects and approaches of sexuality and sex education for persons with intellectual disabilities analyzing existing problems, issues, myths, perception, current conditions and focuses on major suggestions related to this for parents and all. This conceptual framework suggests unique guidelines which may be a future guideline for single national strategy for sexuality and sex education towards persons with intellectual disabilities to be implemented. It is based on the concept of fundamental rights which ensure that each and every individual have equal rights and they should be treated equally before law. No discrimination can be made on the basis of mental, physical and psychological limitations. As the legal arena is presently revising laws and policies towards rights of sexual consent among the persons with intellectual disabilities, it is necessary that determinations of physical, psychological and mental competency follow national standards in order to delineate clearly any unwanted incidence or instance of sexual abuse.

The transactions with payment based on shares represent a payment condition more and more used in the new economy. The transaction may mean either the effective transfer of the capital instruments or the cash settlement – depending on the value of some capital instruments. The basis of these transactions is the information delivered by the annual financial positions with a view to meeting the requirements of the end-users of information (shareholders, creditors, employees, etc.). At the beginning there was the payment in kind, followed by the payment with equivalent in kind, then the payment in money. From the point of view of the payment conditions, at the beginning there was the payment by the cash desk, then by card. All the forms were implemented with difficulty. The share-based payment represents, for sure, a challenge for the business world in Romania and will certaintly gain ground.

The Indian English novel in general does not deal with lives of street-urchins or beggars. Roman Basu deals with the lives of this neglected section in his novel Breach of Faith. But, the narrative adopts normative attitude while narrativising lives of urchins or street-children like Munni and Mithu in the novel. The present research article argues that the representation of urchins is normative and so inappropriate. The narrative is firmly situated outside the world of the represented i.e. urchins. The narrative is traditional and conservative and it denies a meaningful escape to the protagonistsMithu and Munni from their miserable and degraded lives. Their identity is represented stereotypically and negatively as Mithu’s emerges as a fraud, cheater, incorrigible pimp, traitor and betrayal; and Munni’s portrayal is degraded also. They are represented as villains and can never be reformed, and are incapable enough to live a meaningful and happy life. Though the narrative adopts sympathetic attitude towards the marginalised world, but actually it misrepresents their identity. The narrative firmly believes in typical Hindu notion of karmas, and denies a meaningful way out for the protagonists and thus maintains status quo about their lives. It believes and makes the protagonists also to believe in their fate and karma as they have to suffer in their present birth because of their sins in the previous birth. Therefore the narrative seems to be unconvincing and inappropriate. In this way the narrative misrepresents their lives and personality.

This paper attempts to deal with Students’ opinion regarding the usage of electronic journals by the users of engineering colleges. This study attempts to find out the familiarity, preference and utility of e-journals by the users of engineering colleges. Analysis and interpretation are mainly from the information collected through questionnaire method. This paper provides few suggestions for the effective use of e-journals among engineering college libraries.

Fast and accurate analysis for identification and separation of nitro-glycerine (NG) and nitrocellulose (NC) in gunpowder residues, with one and two bases after firing weapons, remains a challenge that forensic experts have to develop and prove in international forums and in low concentrations (nanograms or fentogram). Therefore, this scientific research intends to do this by developing a thin layer chromatography technique, as a simple, efficient and fairly accurate method.

This literature review strives to assess the higher educational institutions’ leaders and their positive core self-evaluations [CSEs] adherence to and personification of transformational leadership [TFL] and ethical leadership [EL] behaviors that transcend self-interest that may in turn be emulated and reciprocated by their followers. By doing so, the latter accomplishes their duties and responsibilities beyond the minimum level of expectations set to them through organizational commitment. To understand the leader’s CSEs as a possible antecedent of specified outcome variable of the followers’ OC with the mediating roles of TFL and EL, it is necessary to examine previous relevant studies. Thus, this literature review evaluates the theories of leadership constructs in the framework of the leader’s CSEs, TFL, EL, and the followers’ OC.

Subalpine and alpine zones cover the high mountainous areas. These areas are mainly flat fields where sometimes one can meet harsh rocky mountain valleys. Highland- meadow soils are covered with subalpine high grass, different grassy –grainy field plants. Sometimes subalpine meadows cover rocky areas and in high steep slopes the meadows are partitioned.

Water pollution by heavy metals is directly or indirectly altered by human activities. Large drinking water sources namely rivers, dams and lakes are contaminated with heavy metals pollutant from various sources, more than 2000 chemical contaminants have been identified in drinking water, many of which are pharmacologically active, and several of them are either carcinogenic or mutagenic.

Pollution of the aquatic environment is a serious and growing problem. Increasing number and amount of industrial, agricultural and commercial chemicals discharged into the aquatic environment having led to various deleterious effects on the aquatic organisms including fish. In the present study, freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to two pesticides i.e., Endosulfan(35% EC) an organchlorine and Fenvalerate(20% EC) a synthetic pyrethroid. The LC50 values determined for endosulfan and fenvalerate at 24 h were 0.6876, 0.4749 µgL-1 respectively. The 1/10th of 24 h LC50 of both the pesticides was selected as sublethal concentrations. LDH is a key enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism and occurs virtually in all tissues. It is indicative of variation in tissue functioning as a consequence of presence, increase or decrease in the concentration of the toxicant. The fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations for 8 days and expression of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in different tissues were determined by using native gel electrophoresis.

This article attempts to propound the significance of the parent’s role how they contribute and make the leaning of English a successful experience for their child. In developing countries like Pakistan, English has acquired the status of second language and “Second language refers to language which is required by a person in addition to his mother tongue (Cook 2001). Parental involvement in learning English of their child creates possibilities to enhance the proficiency and on the other hand, obstructs the constraint of lack of proficiency in second language among the parents as their own level of education is identified low in these countries. They are unable to help the child directly in their second language acquisition.

The work is focused on impact of eighth amendment in constitution of 1973. The constitutionalism has deep impact on state stability. The constitution is actually state structure for institutional functioning. It reflects the public aspiration of governance. Sometime dictators come in power and gripes state institutions for personal image formation. Pakistan has to face such issues and challenges in earlier period. Zia-ul-Haq suspended law during martial law and constitutional amendments to hold power in his hand after election in 1985. The objective of paper to evaluate findings related impacts of Eighth Amendment on political stability and democratic process. It will be discussed the historical background of constitutional amendment in Zia-ul-Haq era. There will be debate on its impact on political stability in Pakistan.

An essential strategy in the control of diabetes mellitus and its consequences, especially in diabetes type 2, is the efficient management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Inhibitors of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, a-amylase and a-glucosidase are useful in the treatment of diabetes and most medicinal plants also serve as active principal ingredients in averting this menace. Anisophyllea laurinaR.Br.ex Sabine leaves and stem bark are considered useful for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in sub-tropical countries in Africa. In this in vitro enzyme inhibition assays, all tested concentrations of 80 % ethanol (v/v) extracts of the leaves and stem bark showed significant inhibitory activity against a-amylase and a-glucosidase. At a concentration of 4.0 mg/ml, the leaves extract exhibited a-amylase and a- glucosidase inhibitory activity of 78.5 % and 58.2 % respectively, with IC50 values of 2.40 mg/ml and 3.11mg/ml respectively. The stem extracts showed a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 69.5 % and 63.6 % respectively, with IC50 values of 2.6 mg/ml and 3.5 mg/ml respectively. Acarbose, a drug clinically used for treatment of diabetes had an inhibition of 84 % to both of these enzymes. Digalloyl-HHDP-

This study examines the overall technical efficiency and productivity level of 12 Universal and 3 Commercial banks in the Philippines. The selected banks’ technical efficiency and productivity level were measured by (Stochastic Frontier Analysis - SFA) and (Data Envelopment Analysis -DEA). This paper analyzes the technical efficiency and productivity of each bank for a period of 9 years (2004 to 2012). Cross-sectional and serial analyses showed that efficiency change (effch) or cost efficiency and technical change (techch) caused the improvement in productivity of selected banks from 2004 to 2012. Scale efficiency change (sech) or advantageous conditions in the operation of the banks and pure efficiency change (pech) or managerial efficiency caused the banks to be cost efficient (effch). A 100% increase in inputs usage (operating expense, total deposit and interest expense) affect total loans by 7.8%, 55.5% and 16.5%, respectively. The combine effects of the inputs (79.8%) implied decreasing returns to scale (drs) operation. Older and larger asset size banks were more efficient in their operation than younger and smaller asset size banks