In cloud computing environment resources are shared among various clients and it’s important for system provider to allocate the necessary resources for the clients. As the sizes of IT infrastructure continue to grow, cloud computing is a new way of virtualization technologies that enable management of virtual machines over a plethora of physically connected systems. Cloud computing enables highly scalable services to be easily consumed over the Internet on an as-needed basis a major feature of the cloud services is that users’ data are usually processed remotely in unknown machines that users do not own or operate. While enjoying the convenience brought by this new emerging technology, users’ fears of losing control of their own data (particularly, financial and health data) can become a significant barrier to the wide adoption of cloud services. Here the multi-layered architecture is proposed to address accountability of the data while sharing in the multi user, heterogeneous and distributed computing environment. The multi-layered architecture is evaluated and shows that the accountability of the data is ensured which increases the trust between the end user and the service provider.

The aim of this paper is to give a detailed description of the reforms that have taken place in the Insurance sector starting from a regime of deregulation in Insurance sector. LIC played a pivotal role in development of Insurance sector in India especially after Liberalisation. The nationalisation of life insurance business in 1956 and general insurance business in 1972. The entire reform takes place after when private and foreign players came into existence. The reform in one sector interlinked and reform in one sector call for simultaneously reform in other sectors so as to make the entire process most effective.

Creating a strong brand requires strategic thinking so that brand tools transfer perception of promised value to customers. Then they ensure that it become feasible. The purpose of present study is to examine the relationship between customers’ perception of brand properties and creating loyalty or their deciding to repurchase. Research method is descriptive-survey and data collection is done by field and library method. The statistical population is all main customers (in the company‘s view customers who have bought various brands of clocks and ornaments over one million dollars) of Fossil group Company which are 40 dealers across the country. Tools for data collection are: basic sources include gathering information from authorities, managers and experts of clock and jewelry union, some of activators and importers in this class. Also, secondary sources involve the related business and marketing books, papers and magazines related to the topic and publications associated with imports of luxury goods and marketing.

Greening the city is realized as universal appeal because the presence of green particularly trees act as lungs for the city environment. Due to the competition between different land uses within the city, green spaces in compact areas are being swallowed by residential and commercial areas. In such circumstances roadside amenity trees are in particular need to be protected against the most acute stress. The lanes of trees along the road not only produce soothing and cooling for the busy roads but also enhance their social and aesthetic significance. Bahawalpur City is situated on the margin of Cholistan desert, having hot and dry climate. To meet the needs of rapidly growing population new roads are being constructed and expansion of existing roads had taken place since last few years. This construction and expansion of roads has disturbed greenways, roadside trees and median belts. So proper management and planning is required to preserve and protect these roadside trees. Data has been collected through the field survey of roads; number of trees along the major regional roads were counted and mapped.

Microcredit is a widely acclaimed development intervention to extinguish social exclusion, crude poverty, unemployment, hunger and above all social deprivation. Unfortunately, it has un-succeeded to uphold its generic legacy under the contemporary microcredit mechanism being pursued in the third world countries including India. The approach adopted is lopsided and calls for replacement. Therefore, to innovate a viable Microcredit Management approach that could address the crux of the subject matter is a serious challenge. Accordingly, this paper makes a humble attempt to propose an elusive model for microcredit management using the tenets of Islamic Economics to arrest the unmanageable magnitude of economic poverty, unemployment and social deprivation in all situations and regions. The model brings about a comprehensive discourse for microcredit generation, disbursement, deployment, reimbursement, risk aversion, financial support, security and importantly phenomenal reduction of poverty, unemployment and income generation to the economic vulnerable sections of society.

The main aim of this research was to determine the diversity of microorganism on the deteriorated stone under pollution and cold climatic condition. Study is done in the month of January to mid February, in Govt. Kamala raja Post graduate autonomous college. Studies have been carried out on specimens of Main building, Art department, Hindi department, Urdu department aged from 75 years. The result showed that vegetative and reproductive (generative) forms of fungus could develop during the winter months when the day temperature was 18°C and night temperature was 2-3°C. Also the reproductive forms had developed and the whole stone surface was covered with a biofilm caused by microrganism. Various types of pollutants were present on the college building. 12 species of fungi were identified on the deteriorated stone surface even in the coldest month, and identified by staining and morphological appearance. During study it was seen that Aspergillus niger was dominant among all species.

Nature, as a theme of all popular forms of culture is somewhere down the line, inescapable. Sometimes nature has been glorified and cherished and also at times it has been neglected. Literature swarms with works dealing with representation of the natural environment, the mountains, the rivers, hills, meadows, landscape etc. Literature being the most popular form of culture has never remained unaffected by this indispensable theme of man and his physical environment, human and non- human relations. The settings of place, environment and overall ambience are represented meticulously by writers in their works of literature to bring different and desired effect. Ecocriticism originated as a theory with a predominant purpose of a microscopic view of a cultural text in context to its commerce with nature. Indian writing in English is an area on which ecocriticism has been applied only sporadically. Anita Desai’s Fire on The Mountain (1977) which won the Sahitya Academy Award in 1977 is a novel firmly established in the landscape of Kasauli. The novel depicts the gradual destruction of the ecosystem of the Kasauli hills and its eventual destruction by devastating forest fire. Interestingly the characterisation in the novel also echoes this gradual desiccation. The dryness of the hills of Kasauli is reflected in the character of Nanda Kaul. The violation and death of Ila Das is akin to the conflagration of the forest fire wilderness, withdrawal.

In a democratic country like India each and every citizen has equal rights. It is the duty of the state to ensure equal opportunities to all its citizens in social, political and educational spheres. The benefits of democratic system go to all the citizens of the country without discrimination based on caste, community, gender, religion and region. If any region, caste or community lags behind the average pace of the nation, the states have the right to take special measure to raise their status. The progress of a nation depends on its human resources. Every citizen of a country is a human resource for the nation. India as a country cannot imagine the progress without the development of 13.4% of its Muslim population. This paper examines the current position of Muslims in relation to their social, economic and educational status, and the pace of educational development among Muslims.

The Grammar Translation Method and the Communicative Approach have both played important roles in English grammar teaching. Which is better, the Grammar Translation Method or the Communicative Approach? This paper aims to compare the controllability and feasibility of these two approaches and find out which one is more suitable for English grammar and language teaching in India. Sixty primary English teachers were selected and a Questionnaire was given to them consisted of twenty three questions about the difficulties that are faced by them using the Grammar Translation Method and the Communicative Approach respectively. Their answers in the Questionnaire was collected and the data demonstrated that there is a distinction between the two methods. The result showed that teaching in the framework of the Communicative Approach is better than Grammar Translation Method in teaching English language in the Rural Primary Schools. Nevertheless, theCommunicative Approach emphasizes fluency and the Grammar Translation Method is concerned with accuracy. Fluency and accuracy are the target for English learning. So the best way to improve the situation is to combine both methods in teaching English Grammar.

Present study was based on secondary data in which multiple linear regression model was used to find out the impact of area and time on the production of rice, the results have indicated the coefficient of determination (R2) for area and time was calculated as 77.9% which is statistically significant. To prove the hypothesis T test was used to find out the impact of both the variables on the production of rice as both the variables were proved statistically significant at 95 % level of significance which gives the idea that production of rice dependent on time and area. Data used in the study has shown continuous fluctuation in the production and productivity which at many a times has hit export industry of rice in India.

The organizations are compelled to have a sound organizational culture and climate to meet the challenges of dynamic, complex and competitive environment. The organization climate influences the level of effectiveness in communication. To determine the influence of organizational climate on communication, it is necessary to assess the perception of organizational members with respect to various influencing factors like: value system, quality of leadership, the status of interpersonal relationships, level of internal motivation or satisfaction, status of clarity in assignment of responsibility and authority, and feedback system in the organization. Absolute changes are being taken place in various activities such as determining organizational goals, laying down organizational structure, pattern of communication and decision-making processes, shaping of organizational norms and values, enforcing the reward and punishment system, adoption of motivational practices etc. By proper communication and sharing of information, the management takes the employees into confidence and makes them more knowledgeable about problems and policies for the enterprise. The organizational values represent the fundamental beliefs amongst the organizational members which have a definite influence on communication process. Intensity of values and the extent, to which organizational members abide by them, influence the organizational communication.

A close reading of Tenessee Williams’ plays reveal a baring pattern of women characterisation in the different stages of his dramatic career. The paper attempts to study the real facets of Alma Wilnemiller in Summer and Smoke and Laura Wingfield in The Glass Menagerie as they are different from other women characters of Williams. Alma and Laura are frail and forlorn women whose natural endowments are unsuited to cope with tragic disparity within inner dreams and external reality. They are analysed as women who are in need for a warm and meaningful relationship.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India is a crucial factor for the economic growth. The pre economic liberalization period was challenge for the Indian economy to grow because there were many constraints to overcome. It has been more than twenty years since India embarked on a bold new policy on economic front. In these twenty three odd years there has been progress in both quantity and the way country attracted FDI. The purpose of this paper is to document the trends in FDI inflows to India for the years 2000-01 to 2013-14 by focusing on its flows and geographical distribution and to provide a comprehensive explanation of the underlying factors. However, to be specific the present study is based on the objectives like; 1) to analyze the year-wise FDI inflows in India; 2) to analyze the region-wise FDI inflows in India; 3) to analyze the sectoral distribution of FDI inflows and 4) to analyze the country-wise FDI inflows in India. After analyzing all the facts it may be concluded that maximum global foreign direct investment inflows have been attracted by Mumbai region (32 per cent). Further it has been found that Services sector has attracted highest FDI inflows (18.75 per cent) during the study period.

The motivation behind the study was to analyze the sleep habits between athletes and non-athletes at Government P.G. College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The inquiry is whether sleep habits contrasted between men vs. women, and athletes vs. non-athletes. The examination outline for this study was illustrative. The subjects (N=391) comprised of athletes and non-athletes from California University of Pennsylvania. No noteworthy contrasts were found for sleep habits between men vs. women, and athletes vs. non-athletes. The football and men's b-ball groups demonstrated altogether higher DST scores than the men's cross country group. Conclusion: Athletes don't require diverse sleep habits than non-athletes do. Thus, male and females don't require diverse sleep habits.

People spending night on streets, under open sky or some unowned covered public or commercial spaces in the night is a common feature of cities and fast growing towns of the poor countries in Africa. The demand for urban housing accelerates with the burgeoning urban population due to a very high increasing rate of ruralurban migration. Extreme poverty is a factor that leads to homelessness. These urban homeless spent their life in misery and also affect the urban environment badly. The present study is based on the empirical data obtained from a survey conducted in Bahir Dar town of Ethiopia. The field survey tools like questionnaire, focus group discussion and interview were employed to generate the primary data. Random sampling technique was employed for the questionnaire survey. Secondary data was also the obtained from various sources. The collected data was statistically analysed. The study assessed the demographic description, physical appearance, educational status, social life, their family background and the reson for homelessness, health, source of income, responsibility of the society towards them, their problems and their expectations from the goverment.

The current study was carried out in district Dir, Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, with sole objective to ascertain the Role of Income and Family Size in the Formation of Positive Attitude Towards Female Education. The study unit includes parents in the study area. A sample size of 204 was chosen for interview. Uni-variate and bi-variate analyses were drawn through percentage based presentations cross tabulation respectively. Chi-square was used to determine the level of association between independent variable and dependent variable. The findings reveals that majority 98% of the respondents favored the opinion that education improves the behavior of an individual and 98% respondents replied that education acts as a bridge between family and society. Education prepares children for adult role is approved by 99% of the respondents, education enables an individual to get high status and female plays an important role in the socialization of children is favored by 98% and 99% respondents respectively. Results showed that income and family size are very important for female education because 69.6% respondents agreed to the idea that people with more income allow their female to get education but 60.6% disagreed to the opinion that illiterate denies their female education because they can’t afford it.

The soils in India also classified in eight groups as, red, lateritic, alluvial, black, forest, desert, saline-sodic and peaty and marshy soils. Soil pollution is any chemical or biological alteration of soil that is harmful to living organisms. Virtually all soil pollution is the direct result of sources of pollution on the ground surface. The percolations of these surface pollutants through the soil cause soil degradation. One of the most harmful ecotoxicological effects is that of the eutrophication of water bodies. This occurs due to over use and bad management of phosphorous and nitrogen fertilizers and contaminated wastewater for irrigation. Bioaccumulation and biomagnifications of these poisons as they move along the food chain is also a major problem, which has influence on the whole ecosystem. In addition to the industrialization, the wrong practice of agriculture has also adversely affected the soil and surface as well as groundwater quality. Therefore, the present work was undertaken for the study of Impact of chemical industries on soil quality of Ahmednagar area. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical properties of soil in the study area such as Ph, Alkalinity, Sodium, Potassium, Sulphate, Phosphte, Nitrate ect.

Some education experts said that a learner should be mastered in four major language skills. Writing is one of those basic skills and learners often face difficulty to master in and commit errors in this skill, especially in the area of spelling. Spelling skills of words is very important factor in writing skill. It is fact that English language has complex system because it is not a syllabic language and has layers of sound, pattern, meaning of one word due to influence of other languages that’s why second language learners have trouble to master in this skill. Therefore, the researchers conducted to this study in order to find out the types and causes of errors which learners make in their written work. The purpose of this study also was to identify the best teaching strategy which may be useful in learning spellings of words. The sample in this study was 100 students of 8th grade and 20 teachers who were teaching them by using English as medium of instruction. Students’ writing samples were collected and analyzed and teacher’s information were taken by using questionnaire. The results gained from the analysis of students' writing samples and teachers' questionnaire have revealed four types of errors which were made by 8th grade students and three actual causes of committing spellingerrors. This result also suggests the three most important activities which may be useful in learning spelling skills.

Framing walls within the framework of the structure of a building aims at: (a) the receipt by them of a large part of the seismic loads and (b) a drastic reduction of seismic displacements of the 3D frame system. Both indirectly contribute to the effective protection of the existing supporting structure with the most economical way. In pursuit of a pre-estimation of the walls’ cross-sections, a strengthening methodology is proposed based on the displacements of existing spatial system. According to this methodology, using linear analysis and the spectral response method, seismic stresses (corresponding to the admissible performance) of the vertical components of the existing supporting structure are determined. Then based on these stresses andtheir corresponding strength using a certain procedure, loads and safety displacements of the supporting structure are determined.

This observational and quantitative study examined the efficacy of using the mass line approach to define and implement a meditation program within a support community for a population with serious mental illness. During 2013, 156 sessions of 40 minutes each were conducted within the MCHA/OASIS community, a not-for-profit mental health recovery2 support centre in Rhode Island. Participants were allowed to choose whether to attend all, part or none of the sessions throughout the duration of the program. Mass line analysis was used to change and refine the program according to the expressed needs of the community on a continuous basis while adhering to the centre’s guidelines promoting mental health recovery and wellness. Findings suggest that the common assumption promoted by the US government through its website on complementary practices and accepted by the mainstream psychiatric and social welfare systems that the practice of meditation presents a risk or would be ineffective with a population with psychiatric illness is unfounded.

The present preliminary study was undertaken to assess those causes affecting the academic performance of public schools in District Dir lower. A close ended questionnaire was developed and was distributed randomly among teachers of twenty five public primary schools. In this descriptive nature study data was collected, analyzed and interpreted through percentage method. The results showed that there is lack of facilities, old assessment system based on memorization, no punishment or rewards on students’ academic achievement and no rewards for teachers’ academic performance and achievement. Weak supervision, bizarre educational policies and lack of education department autocracy has been hurdle in bringing identified positive changes in academic achievements and students’ performance.

The present preliminary study was undertaken to assess those causes affecting the academic performance of public schools in District Dir lower. A close ended questionnaire was developed and was distributed randomly among teachers of twenty five public primary schools. In this descriptive nature study data was collected, analyzed and interpreted through percentage method. The results showed that there is lack of facilities, old assessment system based on memorization, no punishment or rewards on students’ academic achievement and no rewards for teachers’ academic performance and achievement. Weak supervision, bizarre educational policies and lack of education department autocracy has been hurdle in bringing identified positive changes in academic achievements and students’ performance.

The Growth of population in urban areas is known as Urbanization. The one day has seen the birth of thousands of towns and cities, many of which have largely expanded during the last 50 years. Towns and cities have taken shape as centre of administrative and cultural significance through the centuries. Urbanization depends on the socio-economic system of the society and the rate of its development. The urbanization as a social phenomenon seem to have percolated even in countries which were rural and the greater acceleration in growth rates have been observed for towns and cities which are old and new. It is closely associated with the spread of industry, commerce, manufacturing and the improvement of transport and industries. Nanded district urban population growth is considered for the period 1901 to 2011. It has increased from 33806 persons in 1901 to 913832 persons in 2011. The highest urban population growth in the all census was 1951 i. e. 81.5 per cent, and Lowest urban population growth in the census 1921 i.e. 6.1 per cent. In the year 2001 urban population was recorded 689064persons and the 36.1 per cent decadal growth rate.

The origin of Albanian Civil Service was found during the first Albanian principality of 1914, but as an authentic system, dates relatively late, in 1996. During nearly two decades of its life, are made different legal and political efforts to make it a professional and independent service. Albania is currently facing also the challenge of European Union membership. Reinforcement and depoliticization of public administration remain a key issue and precondition of EU. But despite of that the entire system, still remains fragile and with a big influence of the political parties, in processes of recruitment, promotion and layoffs. The public administration demonstrates a serious lack of professionalism and integrity, dependence from the government, frequent movement of staff and general instability of the system.

The daily wind speed data measured at 00:00 hours and 12:00 hours, respectively, over a period of 10 years (2002-2011) is obtained from Karachi Meteorological office. A detailed analysis of the measured data is presented and wind energy potential for Karachi is estimated. Measured data is fitted to a Weibull probability distribution function. Weibull shape and scale parameters are computed using six different statistical methods, i.e. Method of Least Squares (MLE), Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM), Modified Maximum Likelihood Method (MMLM), Method of Moments (MoM), Empirical Method (EM) and Energy Pattern Factor Method (EPFM). Various error analysis techniques are employed and it is concluded that the MLM, MMLM, MoM and EM performed better, whereas MLE and EPFM are comparatively lagging in performance. Weibull probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) are also determined. In order to consolidate the results Monte Carlo simulations are also performed.

The Orang Asli are one of the indigenous ethnics, with its majority living in suburban and remote areas of Peninsula Malaysia. Such settlement patterns result in their traditional economy being synonymous with hunting and gathering activities. The poverty rates among Heads of Households (HoH) are also high. Statistics in 2008 showed a total of 13,946 (50.92 %) Orang Asli HoH as being poor with 9,004 (32.34 %) belonging to the hardcore poor group (JAKOA, 2011). Various efforts have been undertaken by the government to solve the problem. Implementation of the commercial crops project comprising palm oil and rubber are among the efforts undertaken extensively, and a number of them can be considered successful in alleviating the poverty rate. A study had been carried out on the local Orang Asli community in Terengganu to identify how the projects have impacted the socio-economic status and lifestyle transformations of the local residents. Data were collected through the process of observation techniques, interviews and document review. Study results showed that the implementation of commercial crops have now become instruments in improving the socio-economic transformation of HoH and transformations of the overall lifestyle.

The aim of the present study was to explore endogenous indicators for performance of teacher education institutions. These endogenous indicators were developed through perception of the responders (students, staff and administrators) towards quality aspects of the teacher education institutions therefore 330 sample consisting of 200 students,100 staff and 30 administrators were selected through stratified sample method from AMU, central university, D.E.I (deemed university) and eight teacher education institutions from Dr. B. R. Ambedkar university, Agra. The investigator constructed a rating type scale to explore endogenous indicator. Item – total item correlation and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha reliability) was calculated and this protocol was followed for item analysis and refinement of the Endogenous IndicatorDevelopment Scale (EIDS).

Victims of motorcycle accident form a high proportion of those killed and injured in road traffic crashes in India. The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess the effect of “use helmet” communication campaign and to examine various factors related to bike helmet use in a sample of seventy five college students. Data was collected from a randomly selected sample of 75 college students at Govt. College Dharamshala. Overall, the study concluded that “Use Helmet” communication campaign was helpful to motivate the motorcyclists to use the helmet. But in majority, it was the law and police that stimulated motorcyclists to wear a helmet for every riding. The absence of police checking and irritation from the helmet were the most quoted reasons by the college students for not wearing a helmet. Only a small part of the sample used the helmet for every ride. Therefore, it is an urgent need to change the attitude and behavior of motorcyclists to use the helmet regularly so that the accident death rate could be minimized in India.

This research study focuses on assessing the relationship between company performance and innovation and validating the effects or impact of innovation on company performance based on the perspectives of Malaysian companies and business firms. The study’s comprehensive background was set within the Malaysian business environment, which as reflected in majority of the literature sources gathered, support the predominant assertion that innovation has the capacity to create positive effects and impact on the companies’ overall performance. This study also address the Malaysian business enterprises’ lack of application and integration of the concept of innovation within their own business processes. Two innovation theories were applied in this research which included Everett Rogers’ innovation diffusion theory and Joseph Schumpeter’s innovation theory. From the theoretical evidences gathered through various literatures and journal articles, it was discovered that innovation is being greatly valued by many companies, especially Malaysian firms because of its critical role in improving the business performance of most business organizations. This literature review result therefore validated the study hypotheses that innovation only leads to a positive overall performance of firms and that innovation has a significant positive effect on the firm’s financial and operational performances.

The objective of consumer protection is to provide for the better protection of the interests of consumers and for that purpose to make provisions for the establishment of consumer councils and authorities for the settlement of consumer disputes and for matters concerned here with. In order to protect the consumers from exploitation and to save them from adulterated and substandard goods and deficient services, the Consumer Protection Act came into force on 15th April, 1986 and it applies to the whole of India except the state of J&K. The special feature of this Act is to provide speedy and inexpensive redressal to grievances of the consumer and provide him relief of a specific nature and award compensation wherever it is appropriate .The aim of the Act is also to ensure the rights of the consumer, viz the right of choice, safety, information, redressal public hearing and consumer education. For the protection of these rights the consumer courts establish under the purview of Consumer Protection Act, the district consumer forum establish in Malappuram in1992. The present paper emphasised the functioning of district consumer forum in Malappuram since its inception 1992 to 2013.

Today is time of cut throat competition and survival of the fittest, where every institutions in order to cope with the challenges and competitiveness in the world, every institutions needs the services of trained persons for performing the activities in the systemic way. Even if the skills are present in employees, it can be sharpened and be made more effective through training. Thus, in present scenario the requirement of training programmes for organization, institutions, and banks has become usual. A training programme is an effort by the employer to provide opportunities for the employees to acquire job related skills, attitudes and knowledge. Therefore most of the banks either private or public adopt training and development programmes at the time of induction, promotion and other situation. In this research paper an attempt is made to learn that training and development exist in Regional Rural banks and theirimpact to generate efficiency of employees to cater to the need of the individual as well as their customers.

Landslides are the common sites in the hilly landscape of Himalayas. Landslide hazards are the one of the major natural calamities which has large influence and sturdy destroys leading to tremendous economic loss every year. Himalayan region faces landslide incidences every year of various scales, mainly in the post monsoon period. All the Himalayan divisions from outer to Higher Himalayas are vulnerable to landslide incidences and occur without any prior indication. However, the magnitude of the impact of the hazard can be minimized if its likelihood is recognized before land development activity. The present study aims at finding out landslide vulnerable zones and then ranking them in order of degree of hazard from landslides in the district Mandi of Himachal Pradesh. Present study seeks to delineate the study area into different categories with respect to its vulnerability and susceptibility to landslides with the help of GIS techniques. A GPS Survey was conducted for ground verification.

Being one of the leading playwrights of the post World War II America Tennesse Williams presents the socio-political conflicts of the contemporary society in The Glass Menagerie in the form of a ‘memory play’. The period which the play refers to is the Great Depression in America in 1930s. Middle class people suffer most from this, and the Wingfields are the representatives of this class of people. American dream is a way of escape from this suffering, but people are unable to reach it. This American dream is not always for material prosperity and this dream is like a myth.

Modelling of the quantum interaction properties of glycine radicals on the surface of the single walled magnesium oxide nanotubes (MgONTs) is investigated by MINDO/d calculations. It is found that the interaction potential of the N-centered glycine radical with the tubes results in stable complexes when it reacts with the nitrogen atom (N2-centered) and metastable conformations with C atoms. The effects of the diameter–length characteristics of the MgONT on binding of the amino acid have been studied. Our results suggested that the binding energy is higher as the MgONT diameter increases, while as the MgONT length increases, the binding energy initially decreases. The N2-centered glycine radicals prefer to bond within the region (in and near the middle) of the MgONT. There is ability of interaction of two radicals of glycine on the surface of the MgONT.

Women have been participatory stalwart of conservation for centuries without much recognition and appreciation in natural resources and environmental management. They are known to exist in close proximity with nature and possess inherent indigenous knowledge about the earth systems thereby contributing to the sustainable management of the resources, yet they continue to suffer the brunt of environment degradation at the expense of Gender disparity. Had they been given equal opportunity and control over the natural resources the world would have achieve greater if not, complete sustainable development. In this milieu, the present work seeks to explore the role and contribution of women in sustainable development within the patriarchal framework. Are women the key to Sustainable Development? What are the contributions of women in the environmental management? What are those Gender constraints that hamper the process of Sustainable Development? Or is Gender parity the “missing link” of Sustainable Development? An attempt is therefore made in the present work to unearth these queries based on the qualitative research study conducted among women engaged in Organic farming, Vermiculture/Vermicompost, and Indigenous based Knowledge Systems in Agriculture.

Birds have played a unique role in the growth, protection and restoration of natural environment and thus their importance and significance and in the maintenance of clean and healthy environment is of a high order. Birds are part of the natural habitat of the Indian Subcontinent, a region teeming with winged residents. India and its neighborhood countries now play host to migratory birds. The food of the birds varies and is different not only in respect of the different birds, but also in respect of different seasons. Some are vegetarians, feeding on the green parts of plants, and in these the intestine is usually long. Some are notoriously carnivorous, or feed upon fish, molluscs, insects, etc. The study is carried out to obtain some preliminary checklist of bird community in Jaikwadi reservoir at Paithan. Survey of birds conducted and checklist have been prepared (2011-2012) to ascertain the status of bird population in an area. The Jaikwadi dam is a freshwater dam with mudflats, open water, water edges, midstream rocks and islands, grass and scrubs, meadows and pastureland, woodland. Overall 64 residential and 24 nonresidential species were recorded. Most of the bird species were observed in winter due to more food availability and favorable climatic conditions for nesting and roosting. In the present study at Jaikwadi reservoir identification and monitoring the different ecological aspects of avian diversity particularly local and migratory birds has undertaken for future planning to protect.

Availability of energy sources (CNG, LPG and electricity) are among one of the indicator of socio-economic development in any country. In Pakistan, the scenario is quite unbelievable and shocking from last two decades due to continues shortage of primary energy sources like gas and electricity. This research mainly focused to answer the question that what kind of difficulties faced to prepare food and how they were managed by housewives of Rawalpindi. A sample of 150 house wives was randomly interviewed with the help of structured questionnaire from Tehsil Rawal town of District Rawalpindi. Among 150 respondents 90.7% reported that they were experience gas shortage in their daily lives, 94 (n=150) respondent argued that they faced lower pressure of gas in evening timings, 83.3% respondents were use LGP cylinders to fulfil kitchen requirements as an alternate fuel to cook their food, 53.34% respondent strongly believe that gas shortage disturbed their routine life, in 49.3% cases delay was recorded while serving the food to family or to guests, 86.67% argued that due to gas shortage their House Holds budget get higher and finally 83.3% house wives were of the view that there is no change in the amount of bills while there is crucial gas shortage is grounded.

This paper is almost an attempt to highlight the importance of literature teaching, particularly, different genres to our EFL learners, in an Algerian context. The purpose is to argue the effectiveness of instruction, in hope to assist teachers to develop their learners’ strategic knowledge to enhance their language skills and thus, asses their learners’ attitude, in terms of how our EFL students may have distorted views about English in general, and literature in particular.

There have been investigated ecological groups of Astracantha and Astragalus species in the article. It has the been studied that Astracantha and Astragalus species mezophit plants are 9(10,6%), mezocserophits 9 are (10,6%) and cseromezophits are 29 (34,1%), cserophits take greater place - 44,7 % (38 species) totally.

The purpose of this project is to design and develop Person health status information database systems and hospital management software which is suitable for health institutes and hospitals in Iraq, especially for the ones that use a paper based system for storing information rather than having it stored in a more efficient and safer environment like databases or programming software. Also describes an electronic medical record (EMR).The health care is experiencing an information explosion in the form of medical knowledge is increasing virtually on a daily basis. More complex data have to be tracked for person over the course of their lives. At the same time as the quantityand complexity of medical data are increasing, there is a greater demand for data to support activities other than direct person care. Medical record information needs every day to be accessed also for administrative, economic and legal purposes. This project was conceived to serve that purpose along with controlling and managing the Hospital’s administrative data.

The order of Lecanorales lichen biota of Azerbaijan has been analyzed on the basis of long-term research and compilation of published data according to the new nomenclature changes. A species composition numbering 441 to date has been found. Among them, there are 7 species firstly referred for the lichen flora of Azerbaijan, 1 species for the Caucasus.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the most promising technologies to achieve High data rate wireless communications that demands robustness, high spectral efficiency, frequency selective fading, and low computational complexity. The OFDM system effectively provides numerous parallel narrowband channels, can be used in conjunction with a Multiple-Input MultipleOutput (MIMO) trans receiver to increase the diversity gain and/or thesystem capacity by exploiting spatial domain. MIMO-OFDM is considered a key technology in emerging high-data rate systems such as 4G, IEEE 802.16, and IEEE 802.11n. OFDM signals suffer from high peak-to-average power ratios (PARs) which lead to power inefficiency in the RF portion of the transmitter. By now, for reducing PAPR, numerous techniques have been recommended. In this paper Hadamard Transform based Selective Level Mapping as method of PAPR reduction technique has been proposed and simulated. The whole simulation work has been tested on image and video signals and the results at both transmitter and receiver have been verified in terms of various graphs and plots.

Women’s work in India is invisible, unrecognized and unremunerated. 31% of Indian workers are women. 96% of women are in unorganized sector. 36% women workers are poor. Compared to male counterparts women have limited access to educational and employment opportunities. For women the extent or control enjoyed by women over their lives and the extent to which they have access to the decision making process are very important. Global Innovation Index (GII) 2013 has recognized Agartala (capital of Tripura) Bamboo Cluster as one of the selected Industry Innovation Clusters in India by National Innovation Council (NInC), Govt. of India. Tripura has good position in India for production of value added bamboo products. Also Ministry of Commerce has announced Agartala as the city of export excellence. More than 1.5 Lakh rural women are working in this sector to earn their livelihood. Female Work Participation in Tripura (21.1%) is less than the national level (24.6%) as per 2001 data. Though in Tripura tribal people are going through various stages of development, still they are bearing the brunt of inequalities poverty and injustice. Tribal people have been coming out of their traditional jhum economy to participate in a kind of work which they did not do before.

Darjeeling is a small tourist hill station located in the Mahabharata Range or Lesser Himalaya at an average elevation of 6,710 ft (2,050 m) with 27°02′N latitude and 88°10′E longitude. As it is closely associated with the international boundaries of Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan, it has attracted and still attracting lots of migrants in the form of tourist as well as labours (workers). As demand for cheap labour is so high, people are trafficked into domestic work, farm work, organized begging, and factory work. By holding trafficked victims under situations of slavery-like conditions, specifically forced labour or services, domestic servitude, or other types of debt bondage, traffickers benefit from what seems to be a continuous pool of cheap labour. Migration between Nepal and India has been easy due to an open- porous border and strong familiar links. International migration mainly based on economic purposes has become a serious topic of debate in the present scenario of the place. This paper emphasize mostly on the problems related with the migrants, their exploitation in various aspects and their socioeconomic struggle in Darjeeling region. The international migration is more male selective as the main motive of the majority migrants is determined by economic aspects. The Darjeeling & Kalimpong towns were being analyzed on the basis of migrants, especially labour migrants and their exploitation. Individuals who are forced to migrate in Darjeeling Hills from surrounding regions mainly include male labours, maid servants and even child labours.

The higher education scenario in India is yet to present an encouraging picture. The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) is still far below that of the western and progressive Asian nations. Many recommendations have been forwarded by various committees and government agencies regarding the upliftment of the higher education scenario in the country. The focus however remains on a few cardinal issues – making higher education more accessible, quality higher education, enhancing the spread of higher education and meeting global standards in higher education. Thus the onus is on proper planning leading to the upliftment of the standard of higher education in India. One major policy recommendation that has been implemented is the establishment of autonomous colleges in India. However, since the bestowal of autonomous status to colleges for the first time during the academic session 1978-79 only 441 colleges have achieved the status till date. There is an urgent necessity to look at the modalities of the system as its permeation rate is rather low and look for factors that have prevented many noted institutions of higher education from seeking autonomous colleges.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is most common form of dementia affecting elderly people, and sixth leading cause of death worldwide. The two abnormal structures formed in AD patient’s brain are betaamyloid plaques and neurofibrillary. The beta-amyloid plaque formation is accelerated due to acetylcholinestarases. Treatment of AD has majorly dependent on inhibition of acetylcholinestarase. In the present study, acetylcholinesterase receptor is docked with solanine and its derivatives and with a commercially available drug. The lead 3 compounds, are selected based on minimum binding energy and interaction with the active site of the receptor, are much better compared to commercially available drug. Molecular interactions of the receptor complexes with lead solanine compounds are also found to be higher in number. By this it can be hypothesize that solanine derivatives can inhibit acetylcholinesterase more effectively, which controls rapid breaking of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter to acetyl and choline and aid in Alzheimer’s treatment.

The characterization of genetic diversity of inbred lines is the basic prerequisite for the successful breeding programs of maize like other crops. In the present investigation 73 genotypes of maize from China, Japan and Pakistan were characterized for the total seed storage proteins using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The total protein bands were separated on 12% polyacrylamide gel using standard protocols. A total of 18 protein bands were recorded. Among these 7 (39%) were monomorphic and 11 (61%) polymorphic, with molecular weight varied from 10kDa to 122kDa.Coefficient of similarity matrix varied between .84 and 1. The dendrogram resulted by applying UPGMA clustering method separated the whole genotypes into two main groups; I and II. Cluster I comprised of 66 genotypes including Agaiti-2002 and Sadaf, while cluster II possessed 7 genotypes including Sahiwal-2002. This biochemical marker based analysis resulted in over all a low level of polymorphism both in indigenous and exotic accessions.

To estimate the genetic diversity and association among agromorphological traits data was recorded on 12 qualitative and 21 quantitative traits among 211 genotypes of Brassica napus L. The recorded data were analyzed through two complementary methods i.e. cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Among the genotypes studied valuable variability was observed for different agronomic and morphological parameters in which the trait of shattering percentage was found to have leading variations (395.4) followed by plant height (200.7), days to 50% flowering (115.2) and day to 100% flowering (93). The greatest and highly significant correlation (0.95**) among all the traits was observed between days to 100% maturity and days to 50% flowering among the genotypes followed by correlation (0.83**) between silique length and silique length and width ratio and correlation of 0.79** between main raceme length and siliquae main raceme-1. Through cluster analysis all the genotypes were divided into five main clusters.

Women’s work in India is invisible, unrecognized and unremunerated. 31% of Indian workers are women. 96% of women are in unorganized sector. 36% women workers are poor. Compared to male counterparts women have limited access to educational and employment opportunities. For women the extent or control enjoyed by women over their lives and the extent to which they have access to the decision making process are very important. Global Innovation Index (GII) 2013 has recognized Agartala (capital of Tripura) Bamboo Cluster as one of the selected Industry Innovation Clusters in India by National Innovation Council (NInC), Govt. of India. Tripura has good position in India for production of value added bamboo products. Also Ministry of Commerce has announced Agartala as the city of export excellence. More than 1.5 Lakh rural women are working in this sector to earn their livelihood. Female Work Participation in Tripura (21.1%) is less than the national level (24.6%) as per 2001 data. Though in Tripura tribal people are going through various stages of development, still they are bearing the brunt of inequalities poverty and injustice. Tribal people have been coming out of their traditional jhum economy to participate in a kind of work which they did not do before.

Patients with diabetes mellitus have a higher epidemic involving asymptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) as compared with those patients which do not have diabetes mellitus. A total of 60 samples were collected from 20th March 2013 to 20th June, 2013 from diabetic patients with asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) in Kohat, Kohat Development Authority (KDA) teaching Hospital and brought it to Microbiology Laboratory, Department of MicrobiologyKohat University of Science and Technology, for further process. For examination of E. coli, soon after overnight incubation, the colony forming unit (cfu) was done. All bacterial pathogens were identified on the basis of cultural characteristics, morphology, Gram reactions and biochemical characteristics. The disc diffusion technique was used for antibiotic sensitivity tests

As a teacher, this writer attests that many part-time students in business management, who are practicing managers, experience difficulties in managerial intellectual learning. Based on the literature review of the writer, the factors that are vital for driving effective managerial intellectual learning are identified and synthesized into a theoretical notion called the managerial intellectual learning capability-building mechanism (MILCBM). The writer asserts that the main managerial intellectual learning difficulties can be explained as a malfunctioning of this very MILCBM. To redress this malfunctioning, the writer recommends practicing managers to make use of this notion of intellectual learning capability-building mechanism as a diagnosis tool to tackle their own managerial intellectual learning problems. The notion also contributes to the theoretical development of the concept of managerial intellectual learning and the Multi-perspective, Systems-based (MPSB) Research, reflecting the academic value of MILCBM as a result.

Eco city Tirupati and its environs form a part of Swarnamukhi river, sub basin in Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is a famous Hindu pilgrim centre in India and attracting a floating population of about one lakh everyday into the city. The urban population has increased from less than 40,000 in 1947 to over half a million now. As the urban population and floating population is increasing rapidly, the solid waste generated by them is increasing many folds. Hence, the author has made an intensive surveys on garbage solid waste (pest and food contamination) from houses in Tirupati city. From 2,180 households samples were collected, analysed and interpreted in order to understand how the solid waste disposal is done in Tirupati and suggested suitable measures for effective disposal in order to maintain clean environment for the eco city Tirupati.

Different experiments conducted by eminent researchers using various techniques where brain sends signals and how this signals react to the stimuli. Research concluded on how games and new media affect brain in the way that it increases ability to multitasking but it loses the brain power to memorize a specific task. Brain consists of three types of memory. Our brain reacts to physical environment which ultimately behaves consciously and unconsciously with the changing atmosphere. In brain we also have hardware and software that builds interaction with the brain stimuli responding to different gadgets. Our brain is limited to only web media and its digital applications. it is as study of neuroscience and psychology where neurons make up the structure of the brain sending stimuli to various part of the body and we react accordingly. We get feedback that is the neurofeedback from the brain.

Governments in the recent years are increasingly realizing the importance of public expenditure as a tool for achieving their objectives, particularly in the area of poverty reduction. Most of the state governments in India have been experiencing severe budgetary pressures of varying magnitude, resulting in an explosive growth of public expenditure and the case is no different for the State of Assam. Assam is one of the largest and the most populous states in the northeastern region with an international boundary of 400 km and a geographical area of over 79,000 sq km, shelters a population of 2.66 crores as per census of 2001. For the past several years, Assam has been facing acute financial crisis caused by raising nonplan expenditure, inadequate resource mobilization and increasing budgetary deficits. Even after more than six decades of ‘planning and development’, Assam, which was all-India average in terms of percapita SDP at the beginning of the First Plan, is now one of the most backward states in the country judged by the indicators of development. The objective of the present study is to provide a skeleton on public expenditure of Assam emphasizing on the growth, pattern and determinants of public expenditures in Assam.

As a newly conceived subject, Housing Imagination (HI) needs to be examined and clarified in terms of its theoretical root, its scope and methods of study, its source of relevant literature and its overall intellectual landscape. Due to the recent involvement by the writer to teach this subject of HI, the writer makes an endeavor to do just that. Furthermore, this paper also develops a Multi-perspective, Systemsbased (MPSB) Framework, as informed by Critical Systems Thinking, to organize the ideas on HI and relate them to various strands of systems thinking.

Darjeeling is a small tourist hill station located in the Mahabharata Range or Lesser Himalaya at an average elevation of 6,710 ft (2,050 m) with 27°02′N latitude and 88°10′E longitude. As it is closely associated with the international boundaries of Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan, it has attracted and still attracting lots of migrants in the form of tourist as well as labours (workers). As demand for cheap labour is so high, people are trafficked into domestic work, farm work, organized begging, and factory work. By holding trafficked victims under situations of slavery-like conditions, specifically forced labour or services, domestic servitude, or other types of debt bondage, traffickers benefit from what seems to be a continuous pool of cheap labour. Migration between Nepal and India has been easy due to an open- porous border and strong familiar links. International migration mainly based on economic purposes has become a serious topic of debate in the present scenario of the place. This paper emphasize mostly on the problems related with the migrants, their exploitation in various aspects and their socioeconomic struggle in Darjeeling region. The international migration is more male selective as the main motive of the majority migrants is determined by economic aspects. The Darjeeling & Kalimpong towns were being analyzed on the basis of migrants, especially labour migrants and their exploitation. Individuals who are forced to migrate in Darjeeling Hills from surrounding regions mainly include male labours, maid servants and even child labours.

Drought and salinity have severely affected the growth and sucrose contents of Sugarcane. Advances in genetic engineering promise to recover these losses in sugarcane. The present study was conducted to develop transgenic sugarcane against drought andsalinity. Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of sugarcane variety CP77-400 with EHA105 strain; plasmid pgreen0029 containing AVP1 gene driven by CaMV35S promoter was employed. Important Factors for successful transformation through Agrobacterium tumefaciens were optimized including concentration of Agrobacterium, infection time, co-cultivation days, cefotaxime doses and kanamycin concentration.

Locating the suitable sites designing the perfect place for refugee settlement with adequate shelter and integration and infrastructure are crucial in keeping with their aspirations in the early stages of life and reducing aid to refugees. Natural disasters such as floods earthquakes, hurricanes, droughts, landslides and landslides etc. including those that threaten life in urban areas, seriously. Uremia City with a population of 667,499 people, nearly 30 percent, lives in the old texture areas and informal settlements threatening; a total of 27 case of natural disasters it. Accordingly, it is necessary to prepare for resettlement of refugees. This research was carried out, based on location and description of Uremia City and all data in GIS environment and under an integrated database and then was Locate the using ANP method. The results of Locate the, verification temporary accommodation. The locations prioritized and then determine the area (total area equal to 561 acres) including 30 square meters of housing per person per 187,000 persons accommodation was provided for all locations within the city limits are based on the MasterPlan 1391.

Background: Bioactive ingredients isolated from algal species are rapidly gaining appreciation and there is an overwhelmingly increasing trend of evaluation of methanolic extracts and bioactive ingredients on different cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxic activity of compounds was evaluated in 96-well flat-bottomed micro plates by using the standard MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2- yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay. For this purpose, H460 (Lung cancer) cells were used to evaluate anticancer activity of algal extract. Results: We were unable to detect significant cytotoxic effects exerted by methanolic extracts of Sargassum and Iyengaria sp on Lung cancer cell line.

In the present study, six fungal strains were isolated from different oil contaminated soil and fruits from the region of southern Punjab Pakistan. One of the high yielding strain (≥20 g/l of glycolipids) namely Aspergillus niger EH6o was selected for further study. The ability of Aspergillus niger EH6o to grow and yield biosurfactant was studied using different carbon sources (olive oil, almond oil, amla oil, canola oil, peanut oil, vegetable oil, soya+palm oil (1:1), rapeseed oil, coconut oil) at temperatures (20-60ºC), pH (2.5- 8.0) and incubation periods (24- 120 h). Aspergillus niger EH6o gave maximum biosurfactant productivity (25g/l) using a nutrient medium containing 0.1% olive oil supplemented with 0.5% NaNO3 (initial pH 5.5) when incubated at 27°C for 96h. In Conclusion, taking the economical aspect into account the biosurfactants produced by Aspergillus niger EH6o were found to have better as compared to the chemical surfactants like SDS and CTAB.

The present article is merely a review of scholarly contributions made by Indian academia and meaningfully showcased in the Multidisciplinary Research Journal of European Academic Research (EAR). Credit goes to the editor and editorial team members for their interest in promoting Indian writings and thoughts in variety of disciplines. The author was honoured to be a member of the International Advisory Board ( of the journal) and tried to determine the trend in professionalism among Indian scholars, due to which attempt has been made to review a total of 113 articles and research papers being published since April 2013 through March 2014. Drawn from more than two dozens of disciplines, quite striking number of scholars have employed multidisciplinary approaches while a large number of authors have formulated research objects either through one or two disciplines. With respect to frequencies on scholarly contributions, a linear trend is noticed from first issue through eleventh issue. The trend that emerged out from the review process is that frequencies on Sociological perspective and literature related articles are highest and both of these disciplines accounted for more than half of total reviewed articles. Education, Pedagogy and Psychology discipline related articles are covering up about 15 percent, while other disciplines contributed towards the rest.

order kinetic model. The free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), entropy (ΔS) and activation energy (Ea) of the adsorption were calculated. These parameters showed that the sorption of 137Cs onto RH was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The samples of RH remaining were segregate and try to utilization from it in synthesis of promoted type Yzeolite catalyst in process of nheptane catalytic cracking. The results show that the synthesis catalyst gives good conversion of n-heptane to liquefied natural gas (propane and butane) than normal type Y-zeolite catalyst.

The higher education scenario in India is yet to present an encouraging picture. The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) is still far below that of the western and progressive Asian nations. Many recommendations have been forwarded by various committees and government agencies regarding the upliftment of the higher education scenario in the country. The focus however remains on a few cardinal issues – making higher education more accessible, quality higher education, enhancing the spread of higher education and meeting global standards in higher education. Thus the onus is on proper planning leading to the upliftment of the standard of higher education in India. One major policy recommendation that has been implemented is the establishment of autonomous colleges in India. However, since the bestowal of autonomous status to colleges for the first time during the academic session 1978-79 only 441 colleges have achieved the status till date. There is an urgent necessity to look at the modalities of the system as its permeation rate is rather low and look for factors that have prevented many noted institutions of higher education from seeking autonomous colleges.

The paper is an attempt to explore the emerging nanobiotechnology development in India. Nanotechnology and biotechnology is one of the most important emerging fields of science in the 21st century and their merging offers opportunities for novel solutions to needs in biology. The development of these two research fields are proving beneficial for both diagnostic and novel therapies such as drug discovery, drug delivery, gene, vaccine delivery, and tissue engineering in India. The main thrust of this paper is to trace out the overview of research and development (R&D) activities among different players in Indian nanobiotechnology sector. It contributes to policy making by providing new information on the commercialisation of nanobiotechnology product in India. The paper is based on information and data gathered through from various websites, annual report, and R&D projects by the different agencies in the field of nanobiotechnology research in India.

The present study is a critical commentary on the most recent phenomena witnessed at the Indian literary marketplace: the remarkable response received by works of fiction that are founded on mythology - Amish Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy, Anand Neelkatan’s Asura and Ajaya, Krishna Udayashankar’s Aryavarta Chronicles , Rajiv G. Menonn’s The Ascendance of Indra, , Sharath Komarraju’s The Winds of Hastinapur, Kavita Kane’s Karna’s Wife, and Shamik Dasgupta’s Ramayan 3392 A.D. Series. The paper focuses on examining how these texts display an array of divergent attitudes towards the characters and incidents in the Indian Epics and Mythology, how these versions of ancient texts reinterpret the mythical past, and how the respective authors utilize myth creatively for coming to terms with the predicament of the present. The study of popular literature has gained importance since the advent of postmodernism and today the line between serious and popular literature is blurred. Popular literature has been accepted as a noteworthy expression of people’s reading interests as well as a distinctive field of literary creativity. It is no longer rejected as trash. In this scenario it becomes important to look critically at some of the most significant contemporary Indian English popular texts. The focus of the present discussion is mainly on myth as it has been used by contemporary Indian popular writers.

India is a multi-cultural, multi- religious and multi-linguistic country .This has been acknowledged by the constitution of free India. Each and every community has been given fair share for their development through education. The autonomy has been granted to the institutions run by the minorities to promote and adjust their interest with mainstream and save themselves from marginalization. Certain other safeguards have been granted them constitutionally and on the principles of democracy. In recent time many committees like Pathan committee have been constituted for bringing uniform system of administration of the central universities in the name of ensuring qualitative and meet the need of market economy.

Horticulture has gained commercial tone in the recent years as an important component of agriculture, have very significant share in the economy of the country. India has the advantage of diverse agroclimatic conditions which enables it to produce a wide variety of horticultural crops round the year. The horticulture crops also provide better alternative for diversification of Indian agriculture via higher returns. It plays an important role in country’s nutritional security as well, including poverty alleviation and employment generation. Jammu and Kashmir, northern most state of India have different topographical and environmental conditions, possesses comparative advantage in the production of various horticultural products. In some cases it enjoys monopoly in the production of (Saffron), Black Zeera and some fresh fruits and dry fruits (Delicious Apple, Almonds, etc). Economic growth, urbanization and globalization, etc. have fueled the higher demand for the horticulture commodities in the state which increases the economic benefits from horticulture sector along with export earnings and employment to the state.

In this study the quality of financial reporting, investment and quality of disclosure with emphasis on type of financing of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange have been investigated for a period 2006 to 2011. Research method of present study is multivariate regression method based on combined data. The results of the analysis of 133 companies for a period 2006 to 2011 showed in 95% confidence level that the contrasting relationship between financial reporting quality and sensitivity of corporate investment by bank financing and financing through shares issuing is reverse. These results also indicated an inverse relationship (negative) between quality of disclosure and bank financing. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between quality of disclosure with financing through shares issuing and bank financing, and quality of disclosure has positive effect on sensitivity of companies’ investment.

During the period of 2007-2012 in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and Babek, Culfa, Ordubad, Kengerliand Shahbuz cities including the villages in Nakhchivan province. In cows presence of 8 species of Еimеria is registered: Е. zuernii, Е. bovis, Е. elipsodalis, Е, суlindriса, Е. аuburnensis, Е. саnаdensis, Е. subsferica, Е. smithi, in buffaloes 4 species- Е.суlindriсa, Е, bovis,Е. zuernii, Е. subsferica. In sheep 7 species are registered: Е. аhsata, Е.bаkuеnsis, Е.grаnilosa, Е. сrandallis, Е.оvis, Е. faurei, Е. intricata, in goats: Е. аbsheronica, Е.аrloingiЕ.аfricensis, Е. уоlchiyevi, Е, ninakohlyakimovae, Е. tunisensis, in chickens5 species: Е. tenella, Е. nесatrix, Е. тиtis, Е. тахsima, Е. burnetti.

Human civilization has flourished on earth and has been able to navigate in space via various inventions and discoveries due to constant and consistent communication. The significant advances in related technologies of computers, telecommunications, data-access, storage devices, graphic equipment, internet and software have created a wide spectrum of new modes of communication. Out of all the available tools, email communication has remained preferred medium of e-communication, mostly, due to its flexibility, accuracy and powerful features such as attachment option, forwarding option, CC and BCC option; and its immediate reach at the click of a button. English language, on the other hand, has evolved over the course of time. It cannot be static and is ever-growing and evolving. The present paper focuses on the different effects it has had on English language.

The aim present research is to study the rearing styles among the children of pre-primary schools in age range: 5-6 years old, based on painting of Koch Tree in the county of Torbat-e-Jam in 2009. Statistical Society was the number of 488 children in pre-primary school that the same numbers of children were selected as samples of the research and tested by Koch Tree Painting. Then the children's paintings were evaluated with consideration to the test standards of Koch Tree. And data were analyzed using descriptive tools (frequency and percentage).The results showed children in painting of Koch Tree, had indicated lack of life force, disappointment and hopeless status, mutiny and ambition, being far away from truth, internal conflicts, doubt in selection of method and procedure of behavior against emotional status, pain and conflict, problem in making decision, important and great problems with parents that produce anxiety, angry and rage, vindictiveness, hiding of angry, dependence, vulnerability, lack of self-confidence, tendency to showing off, and conforming themselves against others, intense dependence to others, and at the same time, protesting with them through combative actions and being sensitive, feeling of default and guilty that more or maybe we can say all of these specifications indicate authoritative training style of the parents.

The initiation of a judicial process and procedures provided in the Constitution of the Republic of Albania in the European Convention of Human Rights and other international acts for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, are one of the evaluating elements for a state whether it is democratic or not, if it remains in the framework of the declaration of the rights and freedoms or goes further in their de facto protection. One of the fundamental rights and freedoms is 'the right to be tried within a reasonable timeline. "In this paper we will discuss the factors that affect the non- judicial process "within a reasonable time" and if it is part of the "reasonable period of time "procedure to be followed by executive offices on the execution of final judgments. To arrive at a fair understanding of the implications of the stage of execution of judicial decisions from executive offices, we will analyze the practice of European Court of Human Rights with the Albanian state as a party, where the object of the matter is related to the "reasonable timeline".

The aim of the present study was to assess the Quality of Life of the mothers of children with ADHD. The WHOQOL-BREF and the Conners Parent Rating Scale were used for this purpose. The sample was collected from 22 mothers of ADHD children. The Mothers’ Quality of Life was assessed on four domains – Physical health, Psychological, Social relationships, and Environmental. Majority of the mothers reported their overall quality of life as “good” and general health as “satisfied”. Among the domains of the Quality of Life Scale, the mothers had highest quality on social relationships and lowest quality on physical health, which is in line with the normative sample. It was hypothesized that the severity of ADHD would be negatively correlated with the quality of life. It was found that there was a mild to moderate negative correlation between the two variables. This implies that the greater the severity of ADHD in children, the lower would be the quality of life of the mothers. Another hypothesis was that Quality of life of mothers of Down Syndrome children (N=25) would be better than that of ADHD children (N=22). However, no significant difference was found between the quality of Life of mothers of ADHD and Down Syndrome children.

Temporal Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE)2 in combination with PCR and ‘GC-clamping’ has proven highly efficient as a method for detection of DNA sequence differences. Duplex DNA fragments differing by single base substitutions can be separated by electrophoresis in Temporal Temperature gradient gels. To increase the number of single-base changes that can be distingished by TTGE, we used the polymerase chain reaction to attach a 50-base-pair G+C-rich sequence, designated a GC-clamp, to one end of amplified DNA fragments that encompass regions of the human bFGF promoter region. The melting properties and electrophoretic behavior of a 215 base pair DNA fragment containing a bFGF promoter are changed by attaching a c1amp. We show that this GCclamp allows the detection of mutations within the bFGF gene that were previously indistinguishable by TTGE. With this approach, DNA fragments derived of human genomic DNA can be detected by silver staining of the gel, obviating the need for radioactive probes. These improvements extend the applicability of TTGE for the detection of polymorphisms and mutations in genomic DNA. We demonstrated that the use of GCclamp in TTGE as a rapid and efficient method for detection of substitutions in the promoter fragment of bFGF gene

The main aim of the present study is to analyse the magnitude and consequences of floods in the Puthimari River Basin of Assam, particularly from the second half of the 20th century to the 1st decade of the 21st century. An attempt has been made to study floods from 1958 to 2008. The hydrological data such as water level and water discharge have been collected from two different sources depending on its availability. The stage hydrographs have been prepared using maximum and minimum water level. The magnitude of floods has been identified by comparing the maximum stage hydrograph and danger level specified by Central Water Commission. The stage of 21 floods has been found to be more than 2m in height from DL and one flood has been reported with more than 3m in height within a span of 51years from 1958 to 2008. The flood damage data such as flood affected area, affected cropped area, number of affected villages and affected population have been collected for the same period as in the case of hydrological data. The same data set has been used as indices to find out flood magnitude and their overall socio-economicconsequences.

The interaction between physical and human geography is obvious as both are two sub disciplines of parent subject Geography. But it has been felt that the gap between the two sub disciplines has been increasing as time passed. It has been tried to seek answer of the question that why the gap between these two sister disciplines has been increasing day by day putting the Tobler’s first law of Geography, ‘Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things’ as the base statement in the growth of specialization also. If we follow the first law of Geography, physical and human geography place nearest of each other than the subject of sociology, political science, economics etc. as they bifurcated from the same discipline. But most probably it’s the geographers attitudes due to which the gap between physical and human geography has been increasing. The development of Geospatial Technology opens up new vistas to the geographers for the spatial or geographical analysis of the infinitely complex earth. It helps improve the data acquisition, analysis, interpretation and storing irrespective to physical or human geography. This paper will try to analyse the role of Geospatial Technology in dislocating or bridging the gap between physical and human geography as a holistic science for the people and place.

The objective of the research was to examine the service industry and basically highlight those elements or factors which impact on a consumer's decision. In this research two sectors banks and ISP's are selected to be tested. The factors effecting consumer decision were obtained through observation from a previous research. Factors such as: Market reputation, offerings, perception, value for money, consistency, Relationship management, and service promotion were identified and then tested to see whether they influence the consumer's decision. Multi linear regression was used to test for impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The sample size was 200. The results of the statistical test showed that for banks: Consistency, Market reputation, and offering were the insignificant variable which means they do not have any impact on consumer's decision, while value for money, relationship management, service promotion, and perception are the significant variables and they impact on the consumer's decision. For ISP's the factors that affect consumer decision are: offerings, perception, and value for money, and service promotion. This means that in the service industry the brand image of a brand is determined or influenced by these factors.

Handicraft activities are playing its important role in the upliftment of weaker sections of rural economy of the Jammu and Kashmir state since the time immemorial. But with the passage of time this inimitable gainful economic activity is not flourishing with the pace as the other sectors are showing. Due to its quality, art and design it fetches huge amount of money in domestic and international market. Keeping in view its domestic and international market demand it can provide employment to the rapidly growing unemployed youths of the state. It can also be adopted as subsidiary occupation to boost the living standard of rural people of the state. In this paper an attempt has been made to appraise the production, export and problems of the handicrafts, which facilitates better understanding the economic importance, employment potential and necessary steps for the sustainable growth of this famous traditional economic activity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate personality traits and mental health of people with gender identity disorder and healthy control subjects. Measures of this survey are General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and NEO’s Inventory of Personality Features. The sample included 80 individuals with gender identity disorder and 80 healthy individuals and 25 patients with gender identity disorder postoperative transsexuals in this study reached the conclusion between personality traits and mental health disorders there is no significant difference between gender identity and common people. Also there are significant differences between personality characteristics of patients with gender identity disorder except in Responsibility and Agreeableness and mental health of people with Gender Identity Disorder and Gender Identity Disorder scale of postoperative anxiety and sleep disturbance and depression, there are significant differences. There are significant differences between mental health of people with gender identity disorder postoperative in anxiety and sleep disorders and depression.

This study is an analysis of the theme of Brazilian Social Economy in the field of sociology of work. It presents the cooperativism like a solidarity model of social economy with emphasis to the work’s cooperatives. Discusses the ontology of the work as a source of social being in which the worker of today that creates and recreates them as construct in the context of survival strategy. It is a more extensive research carried out at the Federal University of Amazonas and presents a lot of results. The search’s field is was conducted in the Village called Nossa Senhora de Aparecida, localized in district of Coari, localized in Amazon State-Brazil, with workers of a rural cooperative that produces food to be purchased by public authorities ofthe District. Among the findings it is clear that the rural workers of the Amazon are capable of remake their way survival through the solidarity economy, even if under the nexus of capitalists relations. It Can say, finally, that the Social Economy presents itself as an economic activity promising and capable of responding to social development and environmentally sustainable.

The present study is an attempt to find out whether achievement in science contributes to prediction of scientific attitude in intent as well as action. The sample consisted of 480 ninth graders (240 boys and 240 girls) of Allahabad city, India. Scientific Attitude Questionnaire prepared by K. S. Misra and Science Achievement Test (Form A) prepared by researcher were used. It was found that knowledge, comprehension and application in science do not contribute to the scientific attitude in intent among male students. Male students with more ability to comprehend in science are not likely to have better scientific attitude in their action. So science educators should provide more personal autonomy to male students and increase their motivation in learning science. Among female students comprehension in science has been found to be a predictor of scientific attitude in intent and knowledge in science is found to be the best predictor of scientific attitude in their action. This implies that science teachers should emphasize these two aspects of achievement in science among female students.

t: Spleen is an important centre of blood cell production and destruction. Fishes, being the first vertebrates to have spleen, a well organized structure as is evident in higher forms is not expected. In fish spleen is externally covered by a capsule which is lined by a layer of cells. Spleen shows presence of reticulocytes cells below the capsule but no distinct trabeculae within. Interior of spleen is represented by red and white pulp, veins, sinusoids and arteries. The red and while pulp regions appear intermixed. Melanomacrophage centres (MMC) are physiological features found in fish spleen and may contain four types of pigments namely, melanin, lipofuscin, ceroid and haemosiderin. Not much work has been done to study the cellular details of the spleen at the electron microscopic level. The present work has been carried out to identify the different cells (endothelial cells, reticulocytes, megakaryocytes, macrophages and cells belonging to the erythrocytic and leucocytic series) found in the ultrastructure of spleen of Tilapia mossambica (Peters).

The purpose of the current investigation was to make a comparative study of the level of achievement motivation, psychological adjustment and emotional intelligence of school students across various Indian demographic groups. For the study, a sample of 450 urban tenth grade male students from Jaipur (Rajasthan) belonging to various Indian demographic groups (non-backward = 225, scheduled caste = 75, scheduled tribe = 75 and other backward class =75, M age = 15.20) were studied. Results revealed a significant difference in the social and educational areas of psychological adjustment of students belonging to different demographic groups. However, no significant difference was found in their level of achievement motivation, emotional adjustment and emotional intelligence.

The development of information technology is a process which takes place with a breathtaking speed , so an emerging country like Kosovo, should be prepared for this challenge. The most important sector of information technology is broadband, otherwise as known for the public three in one i.e. in an equipment three services are spread ( TV, sound and broadband Internet) , from which Kosovo's future economic development should be focused. This is especially true for rural areas which are most likely to benefit from this technology. Broadband technology is a term, which defines multiple methods of information distribution through internet at great speed. Concerning the broadband, it should be analyzed which technology should be used for its distribution, so the businesses that use it, don't have any obstacles. Therefore, for many reasons, it is estimated that broadband (which had an optic fiber as transmitter), is optimal from the perspective of efficiency in transmission, and price. Some of the broadband technologies are: optic fiber, coaxial cable, DSL, Wireless, mobile broadband, and satellite connection. The ultimate goal of any broadband service provider is being able to provide voice, data and the video through a single network, called triple play service. The future of world economy is strongly connected with broadband technology.

The present paper attempts to put comparative study between Shakespeare's and Miller's tragic heroes in the two plays Hamlet and Death of Salesman ,I try to focus on three aspects psychosocial , social and Linguistically aspects for tragic heroes through the presentation of characters Hamlet and Willy Lowman. Also it may be a resource for critical theory and analysis which be helpful for future research scholars and playwrights to shape new dimensions of writing. The reason of selected topic for the study is to understand Shakespeare's and Miller's view of tragic heroes thought the study of characteristic tragic heroes in their plays. The tragic hero figures in Shakespeare's and Miller's tragedies are believed to be prominent, vital and progressive following the writer's mental and spiritual change.

The port city is a place with dynamic characters because the physical, economical and environmental infrastructures are also developed parallel to the port project. There are some interactive relationships between the port and port city and abstracted to trend calculations of other infrastructure for the purpose of making predictions of the port city area. Having figured out the potential of Port project subject to the Location factors evaluation system, 30% possible figure have calculated and analyzed contribution to origin the city centre. Therefore port city expand parallel to the other project and there are interactive relationship among port and other projects.

This paper discusses issues of Rabbinic sermon scholarship in the context of sermons delivered in Australian Synagogues. The study arose from the author’s participation in the National Conference on Preaching at the Australian National Theological Seminary, in Canberra, in September 2013, and a subsequent author presentation on the paper’s methodology at the International Symposium on Social Sciences in Hong Kong, December 2013. The Conference sought to identify a body of scholarship underlying the construction of sermons. Beginning with a discussion of the contemporary context in Australian Synagogues, in order to state the problem, the paper argues that routinized sermons satisfy an audience desire for propriety, allowing the congregation to routinely transfer imagos from ancient institutions onto the person of the Rabbi. In order to deal with the problem, the paper analyses Rabbinic homiletics and tries to place them within a sophistical rhetorical context of the various progymnasmata. The paper will suggest that the more routinized a congregation, the lower on the progymnasmata scale of oratory should be its sermons, due to operative transference.

The purpose of present study was aimed at to explore the personality traits between facebook users and non facebook users. The sample was consisted on 100 individuals, 50 were facebook users (25 males and 25 females) and 50 were non facebook users (25 females and 25 males). Facebook users were selected from Sahiwal and okara and non facebook users were also selected from Sahiwal and Okara. Their age range was between 18 to 27 years old having at least F.A qualification. The purposive sampling was used to collect the data. Neo five factor inventory (NEO-FFI) was used to measure personality factors. Results were calculated by using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS). Results indicate that there is no significant difference of big five personality traits Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness & Conscientiousness among facebook users and non facebook users.

The issue of liability of legal persons for criminal offences constitutes an object of interest of the theory of criminal legal science. The authors of legal science have different opinions regarding to this issue. Some of them think that a legal person cannot be the subject of criminal offence because it lacks will and aim (mens rea), and some others think that even the legal person is a subject of criminal offence along with natural person. Most of the countries have issued special laws by which they have regulated the liability of legal persons for criminal offences, just like The Republic of Kosovo did. The aim of this scientific paper is to elaborate the liability of legal persons for committed criminal offences, in a context of Kosovo criminal legislation. For preparation of this scientific paper I have used historical, legal, analysis and comparative methods. From the legal liability for criminal offences institution research, it can be concluded that it is a current issue but also questionable in the theory and criminal legal practice.

77 sorts, 221 species within 11 plant families.Beens species take 51,58%,wheat species take 42,53% and different kinds of grass take 5,88% of total territory.There have been determined the fodder reserves of our republic and the quality of the fodder have been studied. At the result of investigations there have been determined 395 kinds of toxic and harmful sorts of plants included into 169 kinds and 46 plant families

Agricultural price policy an important role in achieving growth and inequity in Indian economy, in general and agriculture sector in particular. Variability of onion prices and monthly onion prices during the year 1991 to 2010 estimated by using different methods. A yearly prices variation, i.e. price change in given relative to the price in the annual average price, S.D. and Coefficient of variation. The present study is carried out into March-April 2010 determine the economic of onion cultivation, price spread, marketing channels and marketing efficiency of onion in Satara district. Satara district is leading in onion production it covers 12.38 per cent of total in the State. A study was conducted in western part of the Satara district. A sample of 180 onion growers was selected randomly from 20 villages in ten tahsils of Satara district of Maharashtra State. Onion cultivation is concentrated in the eastern part of the Satara district. The selected cultivators were classified into three categories i.e. small (below 2 ha.), medium (2-4 ha.) and large (above 4 ha.) based on land holding size of the farmers. The primary data were collected by survey method with the help of pre-tested schedule of questionnaire through personal interview. In view of this, an attempt in this study is made to study profitability and resource productivity in onion production in Satara district.