The article analyzes scientific data concerning alimentary obesity based on genetic characteristics of patients. The research is focusing on the impact of gene polymorphisms Gly389Arg β1-adrenoceptor (RS 1801253) and T393C α-subunit of G-protein (RS 7121) on the development and clinical manifestations of alimentary obesity. We have pointed the principal scopes for further research regarding early diagnostics and prevention of alimentary obesity.

This article analyzes the recent literature on the age features of the structure and function of the intact heart muscle, as well as on the issue of heart remodeling in experimental animals of different ages under the influence of damaging factors. The myocardium undergoes morphological changes, with age, that occur as the restructuring of parenchymal and stromal components of the heart muscle. We point out the increase in mass of the heart and enlargement of its chambers with preferred hypertrophy and dilation of the left ventricular cavity during the aging process. The number of cardiomyocytes decreases throughout life. Quantitative changes of the cardiac cells are compensated by their hypertrophy. Reduction of the total volume of cardiomyocytes is accompanied by an increase of volume of connective tissue. The characteristic feature of aging is the accumulation of myocardial collagen in the interstitial space, exemia. The term "cardiac remodeling" includes the changes of both cellular and stromal components, volume of chambers of the heart cavities, which develop at pressure or volume overload, under the influence of various endogenous and exogenous factors. These lead to a structural reorganization of the heart muscle function. All chambers of the heart are remodeling. A significant number of clinical and experimental studies structural and functional reorganization of the heart under the influence of external and internal factors. However, the mechanisms of age-related changes in the myocardium at all levels of its organization structure are still questioned.

The aim of the investigation was to determine the changes in metabolism: daily changes in prooxidant and antioxidant systems, functioning of cell membranes and the state of endogenous intoxication in patients with psoriasis and healthy men of different age. I examined 28 men aged 45-64 years, who suffer from psoriasis, 40 healthy men aged 45-64 years, 35 healthy men aged 25-44 years. For the first time it was found that the dicrease of diurnal fluctuations in activity of peroxide oxidation of lipids, the growth of its overall activity, inadequate response of antioxidative system occured; violations of the functioning of cell membranes were marked and the growth of endotoxicosis occured in men with increasing age. The system of antioxidant protection almost did not respond on the diurnal activity of lipid peroxidation in men of older age groups, who suffered from psoriasis. I observed the decrease of resistancy of membranes and the increase in manifestations of endotoxicosis. Those were pathogenetic links of the disease. I proved the necessity to take measures aimed at improving metabolism in men of older age groups.

Nowadays it is impossible to treat the skin defects without certain medicines. These drugs are aimed to normalise the microenvironment, enhance the healing process and prevent further complications. The literature review analyzes the steps how wound therapy develops. It also informs about the widely applied materials in surgery and compares these materials due to their efficiency, side effects and pharmacological and economical features. The part of review is devoted to study chitosan-based materials – a derivative of chitin that is a biologically active polymer. Some commercial and experimental materials have been synthesized from chitin to be later applied in surgery. The references confirm that chitosan derivatives may be widely applied both to optimize and stimulate the healing process, and to prevent complications (infections, scars and the chronic process).

There are limited data that can explain how food transports through the intrathoracis stomach that is used for esophageal resection. Bilateral vagotomy and partial sympathectomy make the stomach transplant act as an inert tube; although, food moves there only by the gravitation force. Regarding to this, I have made the physical and mathematical model of intrathoracic stomach to determine required terms for transportation of food of various consistency. The model distinguishes roles of the size of stomach implant and performance of the pylor-draining operations; and their effects on the efficiency of food transportation. Using the basic model of stomach (with a diameter 60 mm), I observed water and glycerin transportation though the pyloric canal model/simulator with width of 3.5 mm, 7 mm and 14 mm. I have pointed out that the term of water transportation though the pyloric canal (with width 14 mm) was the shortest. This fact is statistically reliable comparing with the canal width of 7 mm and 3.5 mm. The term of glycerin transportation is significantly higher comparing to water transportation though the model; even despite the width of pyloric canal. The research results confirmed necessity of pylor-draining operations for esophagogastroplasty.

I conducted the experiment on 180 white outbred male rats from three age periods (pubertal, reproductive and of expressed age-related changes) with the use of histological and morphometric methods. It was followed by statistical analysis. I pointed out that experimentally simulated activation of the immune system caused the morphological remodeling in the animal spleen. The manifestations were: increasing the area occupied by the white pulp and the size of the lymphoid follicles, widening the marginal zone and forming secondary follicles containing germinal centers. The highest level of spleen reactivity in response to the imunofan was observed in pubertal animals. Changes in the spleen white pulp of rats with expressed age-related changes took place against the background of involutive processes.

We determined changes in activity of the prooxidant systems and indicators of inflammation in patients with chronic renocardiac syndrome. Thus, namely 33 patients with arterial hypertension and chronic kidney disease were examined for changes during chronic glomerulonephritis, as well as under the influence of antihypertensive therapy (fosinopril, diltiazem). Comparative evaluation of key indicators (pro-and antioxidant system) was associated with decrease of the prooxidant systems activity and reduction of its activity due to treating with antihypertensive drugs, which reduced the activity of rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

The purpose of research was to study the possible link among traditional risk factors (RF) and polymorphism of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT2R1) with the prevalence of atherosclerosis in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). We examined 120 patients with IHD (108 men, 12 women) with stable angina of II-III functional class and the presence of hemodynamically significant coronary arteries (CA) stenoses, according to selective coronary angiography. Examinations of the patient group, except conventional ones, included determination of ankle-brachial index and Doppler ultrasound of the lower extremities and carotid artery with a quantitative intima-media thickness assessment. According to test results, patients were divided into two groups: I group consisted of 55 patients with evidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in two and three basins, II group – 65 patients with only CA atherosclerotic lesions. T-786S eNOS gene promoter allelic polymorphism, insertion-deletion (I / D) polymorphism of the ACE gene and polymorphism A1166S of AT2R1 gene were examined with the help of polymerase chain reaction. We performed statistical analysis using statistical software package «Statistica 8.0» (StatSoft Inc, USA), Microsoft Office Exel-2003. For comparison of quantitative traits Student's t test was used, for qualitative traits – Pearson's χ2 test. We conduct stepwise multivariate regression analysis to identify causal relationships between the studied parameters. We found, that other vascular basins, along with CA, are involved into atherosclerotic process for 48.5 % of patients with IHD. It was established, that patients with IHD and multilokus atherosclerotic lesions significantly frequently are carriers of eNOS gene T-786S polymorphism and AT2R1gene A1166S polymorphism mutant alleles than patients with CA lesions only. We proved the independent correlation between the development of advanced atherosclerosis in patients with IHD and such indicators as smoking, type II diabetes, family history of cardiovascular disease early onset, multivessel CA lesions and the presence of eNOS gene T-786S polymorphism C allele.

Neurovisualization methods estimate the degeneration degree of the intervertebral disc regarding to its structure, differences in borders of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, signal intensity from the intervertebral disc in the T2-mode and its height. Assessment of neurovisualization methods refines the indications to use puncture treatment.

This work studied the effect of uric acid on lipid peroxidation in patients with hypertension combined with obesity. The reserch involved 45 patients with hypertension of I-II stage and 1-3 degree increase of blood pressure. All patients had 1-2 degree obesity. Hyperuricemia was defined when uric acid level > 420 μmol / l in men and > 360 μmol / l in women. I analyzed the state of lipid peroxidation, activity of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde and total antioxidant activity of the blood. Besides, a marker of systemic inflammation – C-reactive protein was determined. I have found that the balance of pro- and antioxidant systems deteriorates with the growth of uric acid from the normouricemia to hyperuricemia, and C-reactive protein increases.

The aim of the research was to define anamnestic and clinical and diagnostic factors leading to recurrent pyelonephritis. The research studied and analyzed the risk and predisposing factors for complicated infection, the clinical features, diagnostic testing, and causative organisms for recurrent pyelonephritis, concomitant gynecologic pathology and the number of kidney scars within 175 women with recurrent pyelonephritis. The patients were divided into two groups in accordance with the frequency of recurrences. The microbial urogenital system spectrum of 98 women with recurrent pyelonephritis (group 1) was compared with 77 women with sporadic pyelonephritis (up to 2 times per year) (group 2). The frequency of recurrent pyelonephritis is closely connected with predisposing factors and complicated infection (such as postmenopausal age, microlithiasis, and nephroptosis and so on) (R=0,18; p=0,02), frequency of sexual intercourse (χ2=5,05; р=0,03), maternal history of urinary tract infection (χ2=24,9; р<0,001) and genital inflammatory diseases (R=0,16; p=0,04). The risk factor for recurrent pyelonephritis doubles with frequency of sexual intercourse, number of complicating factors, maternal history of urinary tract infection and concurrent inflammatory diseases of genitals (R=0,16; p=0.04). The sensitivity of these features combination for predicting of relapsing course of the disease amounts to 61.8% [95% CI: 50.9; 71.9], specificity - to 50% [95% CI: 39.02; 61.0], which makes them impossible to use. The risk of recurrent pyelonephritis estimates increased with stronger family history indices, suggesting a genetic component for increased susceptibility to urinary tract infection, frequency of sexual intercourse (4-8 times a month) and concurrent inflammatory diseases of enitals. However, these risk factors cannot be considered predominant for recurrent pyelonephritis. Therefore,we should provide further research of recurrent predictors such as immunological and biochemical to predict the course of pyelonephritis.

The article analyzes issues of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnosis of acute viral respiratory infections in children. We have determined the main causes of acute viral respiratory infections, mechanisms of pathogenesis, clinical and diagnostic manifestations of the disease course from the literature.

The objective is to study the features of the intestinal microflora in children of teenage age with chronic tonsillitis and secondary cardiomyopathy. The article describes the principal features of the microbiota of the colon in children between 13 and 18 years, patients with chronic tonsillitis and secondary cardiomyopathy. We have found that the microbiocaenosis intestinal disorders had certain qualitative and quantitative changes of its microflora, for example: reduction of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and Escherichia coli with normal enzymatic activity; growth of fungi Candida; and a significant increase of staphylococci, streptococci and pathogenic microflora. These changes have happended during the acute disease period. At the same time, changes were more significant in the children with secondary cardiomyopathy with chronic tonsillitis and colon microbiota in contrast to the patients with chronic tonsillitis without cardiac pathology, which manifested as significantly smaller quantity of lactobacilli (p < 0.001) and greater quantity of fungi family Candida (p < 0.05).

The article presents the results of examination of pregnant women with polyhydramnios. We study the effects of amniotic fluid on fetus development, pregnancy and labor. We point out some risk factors of polyhydramnios due to the anamneses, clinical signs, functional and laboratory examinations. Besides, we have developed the algorithm to manage and treat this pathology.

We pointed out that microelementosis effected the body and led to changes of the salivary glands due to the result of histological examination of rats’ submandibular salivary glands. These effects were: decrease of functional activity, disruption of the compensatory-adaptive mechanisms and reactions, structural disorders. Besides, it had influence on the correlation between extension of experiment duration and significant structural changes against microcirculation disorders.