Maharashtra state comes into existence on 1st May 1960. It lies intropical belt. A British company establishes the factoprovidinsugar directlyfrom sugarcane in 1919 at Haregaon inAhmednagar district. In 1930 Walchand‘group erected a sugar factory’ in Walchandnagar in Pune district. In 1932Government of India granted fiscal protection to sugar industry. The very next isyear is that in 1933 the sugar factories at Phaltan, Kolhapur andRawalgaon comeinto existence. In 1934 three more sugar factory were established at Belwandi,Malinagar and Tilaknagar. In 1939 two factories at Sakharwadi and Shripur werecreated and 1941 two more at Changdeonagar and Laxmiwadi came up, making the total number of sugar factories 12 in the region. They all were in the Private sector.Sugar industry is an important organized industry in Maharashtra,dependent in a major way on unorganized sector. Since the industry has been organized on the principles of co-operation, its responsibility is to transform therural life. The socio-economic life of agriculturists has undergone a complete change since the installation of sugar co-operative in rural areas. Pandit JawaharlalNehru, Dr. D. R. Gadgil, Vaikunthbhai Mehta, Yashvantrao Chavan, Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil, Dr.Yashwant Dada Patil were the pioneer in bringing the ideology ofAgro industrial co-operative commonwealth into practice. The rural employment both in agriculture in the industrial sector has risen phenomenally since the inception of sugar factories in Maharashtra.

Efficient performance is the primary condition for development of any industry, which can boost up the industrial growth in an economy. Performance appraisal is an essential for every industry to evaluate its performance in all aspects like production, sales and finance. The strength and weakness of the industry with regard to the various aspects can be identified in this process. The financial performance can be appraised with the help of ratio analysis, which is a powerful tool for appraising the financial performance of an industry. It indicates the effectiveness of long term as well as short-term financial policies of the industry. In this paper, an endeavor has been made to analyze the financial performance of Indian Oil Corporation Limited and its financial position can be well judged by EPS Ratio, Financial Leverage, Operating Leverage, Solvency Ratio, Reserve to Capital Ratio and Proprietary Ratio.

child marriage was out lowed in 1929. Under Indian low however in the British colonial times the legal minimum age of marriage was set as 15 for girls and 18 for boys under protects from Muslim organization in undivided British India a personal low shariot act was passed in 1937 that also wed child marriage with consent from girls guardian.

In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. The value or stability of any currency is very important for that country. Large fluctuations in any currency make huge impact on all the sectors. All imports get costlier once the currency is depreciated. While exporter have losses when currency is appreciated against the other currencies. The fall in the value of Indian currency has several consequences which could have mixed effects on Indian economy and its residents. The Foreign Exchange Market in India has too undergone substantial changes over last decade. It is imperative by the excessive volatility of Indian Rupee causing its depreciation against major dominating currencies in international market. This research has been carried out in order to investigate various macroeconomic variables leading to acute variations in the exchange rate of a currency. An attempt has been made to review the probable reasons for the depreciation of the Rupee and analyse different macroeconomic determinants that have impact on the volatility of exchange rate and their extent of correlation with the same. The exchange rate between the Indian Rupee and the US Dollar has gone over the roof. In 2009 – 2010 the exchange rate was hovering around the 43 – 45 rupees per US Dollar level. Over the past one year, the rupee has consistently depreciated against the dollar of 2013 being one of the worst in terms of Rupee Value Depreciation. The rupee has lost more than 10 percent of its value making it one of the worst performing currencies in Asia.

The Characteristics of Marketing can be sub-categorized and explained as an Integrated Process, Customer Oriented, a System, a Part of Total Environment, Creative, Goal -Oriented and Pervasive. So these are the important Characteristics of Marketing without which marketing can’t be successful. The traditional marketing concept has lost its value and the Characteristics of Marketing revolves around the modern approach to marketing.

-Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is currently being used in agriculture to know about the weather, soil condition, market rates of crops, seeds and pesticides. Filling the stomachs of about 9 billion population by 2050 is the main challenge before the agriculture sector and this target can be achieved with the help of mechanized agriculture which is possible with the intensive use of Information and Communication Technology in agriculture. Improved agriculture also has a direct impact on hunger and malnutrition, decreasing the occurrences of famine, child stunting and maternal infirmity. Increasing size of population and decreasing size of cultivable area due to increased use of cultivable land for urbanization and for industries make it necessary for mechanization of agriculture equipments with artificial intelligence. The major bottlenecks in use of ICT are poor bandwidth, slow speed of internet connections, lack of knowledge about the use of ICT among the farmers, small size of farms etc. Some of the above mentioned problems can be sort out by providing proper training to farmers about the use of ICTand initiatives of government to provide fast internet connections and proper bandwidth in rural areas while other can be solved by awareness for pooling of land with other farmers to increase the size of farms. The use of ICT not only empowers individual users rather it enriches their lifestyle & livelihood and boost the economy as a whole.

Human resource management basically is a process of dealing with people. A manager has to deal with various types of people under different circumstance, very often dealing with problem employees. The instrument with which the manager can achieve a balance & develop to maintain a congenial interpersonal relationship with the employee is performance counseling. In the current competitive environment all organizations are focusing on retaining the talent & knowledge held by the workforce. Organizations’ are focusing on lowering & preserving knowledge of good employees whose performance matters a lot to new comers may not be able to replace fast to the person who was working in that post or position before. Performance counseling comes into picture at workplace when it is found that the personal problems of the employee are interfering with his/her performance at work. This paper analyze the concepts of performance counseling process which will help the organizations to improve its employees work performance by overcoming their poor performance due to personal or professional reasons.

Receipts of university finance have significant implication on the administration of universities. The nature, pattern of financing, the sources of receipts, the pattern of allocation of finances and the methods of balancing have their impact on the organizational effectiveness of universities in quantitative as well as qualitative term. The present study is mainly based on secondary data. The total five receipts have been identified such as Block Grant, University Receipts, Debt head, Development Grant, UGC grant. The analysis of there was conducted using percentage, and average growth of finance for the study. Finally findings and suggestions were offered.

In the Indian banking sector banks has adopted new technologies. Banks provides various types of facilities to the customers to reduce paper cost that why banking has adopted paperless banking system and provide fast services to the customers using online baking.Onlinebanking is an outgrowth of PC banking. Internet banking uses the Internet as the delivery channel by which to conduct banking activity, for example, transferring funds, paying bills, viewing checking and savings account balances, paying mortgages, and purchasing financial instruments and certificates of deposit. Online Banking gives a large of advantages to the customers i.e. satisfaction, less time, fast transaction, transactions anywhere and anytime. This research papers discussed the online banking systems in India, process of online banking, advantages and disadvantages of online banking.