The present study aims to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of gunshot injuries or stab entering the University Central Hospital "Antonio Maria Pineda", Barquisimeto, Lara state. A study was conducted descriptive, transversal. The population consisted of 269 injured patients admitted to the emergency room of Hospital in the period September-October 2012. The data were collected in a structured form in parts III, among the findings, we found a higher percentage of injuries among males (94.1%) in the age group of 20 and 35 years (60.2%), in workers workers (53.2%) and in IV (69.1%). Sunday was the day with the highest number of injuries (23.4%), the time of day with the highest occurrence was the night (44.6%). The 97.4% occurred in Lara state of which 64.5% were in the municipality Iribarren, being the Juan de Villegas parish which has the highest percentage of injuries (25.4%). The most common place of occurrence was in the street (72.9%) ¸ moreover, theft (48.7%) was the main reason for aggression, predominantly used a firearm (85.5%) mostly short (60.9%) injuries were complicated in 83.6% of cases, compromising the neurovascular system with 73.8% in the degree of contamination was demonstrated 39.4% of contaminated and clean-contaminated, the most affected anatomical region corresponded to multiple body regions (20.4%). This research provides data for the development of protocols for the immediate care of the injured patient gunshot or stabl

This work aims to determine the frequency and distribution of malignant solid tumors in children aged 0-15 years, according to histological type, age and sex. Review of 17 years in the Department of Pathology, " Dr. Hans R. Döehnert” Central Hospital" Antonio Maria Pineda " during the years 1986-2003. Transverse retrospective descriptive non-experimental study was performed 247 biopsies from patients with diagnosis is a malignant solid tumor in the pathology department, " Dr. Hans R. Döehnert” university central hospital “Antonio Maria Pineda” from 1986 to 2003. Lymphomas ranked first with 76 cases (30,76 %) non-Hodgkin lymphomas , 46 cases (18,62 %) , Hodgkin's disease 30 cases (12,14 %) , second tumors are Central Nervous System (CNS ) : 33 cases ( 13,36 %), then the neuroblastomas : 30 cases (12,14 %) , Nephroblastoma ( Wilms tumor ) : 22 cases ( 8,90 %), osteosarcomas 18 cases ( 7,28% ) , Rhabdomyosarcomas : 17 cases ( 6,88 %) , germ cell tumors 10 cases ( 4,84 %) , Retinoblastoma 9 cases ( 3,64 %) , and round cell tumors 7 cases ( 2,83 ) , Ewing sarcoma 5 cases ( 2,02 %) , non-gonadal teratomas (immature ) 4 cases ( 1,60 %) , hepatoblastoma 4 patients ( 1,60 %) , Stromal cell tumors and Sex Cord 3 cases ( 1,21 %) , thyroid carcinoma 2 cases (0,80 % ) , colon adenocarcinoma 2 cases (0,80 % ), melanoma 1 case ( 0,40 %) , histiocytosis one case ( 0,40 % ) , clear cell sarcoma of kidney a case ( 0,40 % ) , hemangiopericytoma one case ( 0,40 % ) , malignant schwannoma one case ( 0,40 %). In children aged 2-6 years were more frequent lymphomas and nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma. In children aged 10-12 years were Rhabdomyosarcomas and osteosarcomas , with a predominance in males (59,6%). The most frequent solid tumors are malignant lymphomas , followed by CNS tumors , the most affected age group is between 2 and 6 years, with a predominance in males.

El papel de la Salud Publica es cada vez más importante en las Ciencias Médicas. Su campo de acción se extiende de manera rápida y amplia ya que, tiene que estudiar y dar explicaciones del comportamiento causal de un creciente y diverso grupo de patologías en grupos poblacionales. La relevancia de su aporte también, se explica por su contribución en políticas públicas de Salud pues, se promueven numerosos estudios de investigación generándose información relevante para la toma de decisiones en Salud colectiva. En ese sentido, la Revista Venezolana de Salud Pública sigue sumándose a este aporte científico y divulgando de trabajos de investigación en áreas, de sumo interés y de gran actualidad. En este segundo número del año 2014, se publican artículos referidos a problemas de Salud Pública como la violencia producto de heridas por arma blanca, enfermedades y problemas crónicos como cáncer y obesidad, patologías infecciosas no resueltas aun como neumonías en la comunidad. Así mismo, se presentan dos sistematizaciones de experiencias en el ámbito educativo, la práctica de campo en una asignatura muy necesaria en Salud Publica como es la Ecología Humana, y la otra, el cambio curricular de la asignatura Antropología Médica, ambas perteneciente al eje curricular del Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Social, del pensum de estudio del Programa de Medicina de nuestro Decanato de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado. Agradecemos una vez más a nuestros suscriptores y lectores, en general, por consultarnos como referencia en el área, así como, a nuestros articulistas nacionales e internacionales, por la confianza puesta en nosotros al enviarnos sus contribuciones. Igualmente queremos reconocer el apoyo prestado por el Consejo de Desarrollo Científico Humanístico y Tecnológico (CDCHT) de la UCLA, al colaborar financieramente para la publicación de nuestros números. Igualmente queremos agradecer a los índices DIALNET (Universidad de La Rioja) y WZB por su confianza al incluirnos o indizarnos en sus plataformas tecnológicas.

Ecology course Medicine Program Dean of Health Sciences of Lisandro Alvarado University, teachers and students of this course have been developing a targeted experience to obtain an approximate diagnoses of environmental reality of some educational institutions in the Northern, south, east and west of the cities of Barquisimeto and Cabudare in Iribarren and Palavecino Municipalities with the intention that in the context of interactions of students with educational communities institutions can develop operational proposals for the control and abatement of environmental issues from existing reality, based on the concept of Social Ecology, which poses a redefinition of relations between the interacting systems with a view to improve environmental conditions and therefore their health, such as those affected subjects and the surrounding environment, under that order 14 schools that had problems that directly affect health were studied and found to be an enriching experience that allowed students to establish one joint proposals aimed at improving the same, for the realization of this study methodology was used to systematize experiences

The objective was to determine the prevalence of global and central obesity in school adolescents of Iribarren Municipality and some risk factors. A cross-association and prevalence study was conducted. 800 adolescents between 15 and 19 years old (405 men) were studied. The two-stage sampling was performed: a) random stratified selecction of 31 institutions according to their educational level; b) accidental non-probabilistic selection of adolescents. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHR) were measured. Questionnaires on eating habits and physical activity were applied. Socioeconomic status (SES), birth weight of young and parental BMI were obtained with questionnaires administered to parents. The prevalence of global and central obesity were 8.5% and 37.3%, respectively. The independent risk factors for central obesity were being female, 18 or 19 years old and overweight both parents. This risk is increased in women of SES IV and V. The independent risk factors for global obesity were 18 or 19 years old, SES I, II and III and overweight both parents. Male gender and low birth weight were risk factors for global obesity dependent on other factors. It can conclude that the WHR identified more obeses than BMI, so it is important to know the prevalence of global and central obesity, as well as the risk factors, in order to implement effective prevention and control against the severe pandemic of obesity.

The present work reconstructs the experience of the educational process happened during the reform of the program of Medical Anthropology, subject of the ninth semester of the career of medicine of the Deanery of Sciences of the Health of the University Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado. For it there was realized a documentary review of the programs of the subject between 1998 and 2010, them establishing points of coincidence and the innovations, which used as input for the reformulation of the program. The intention of these changes approved in May, 2014 was orientated towards the revaluation of the social sciences in the study of the career of medicine, under the premise of which the study of the process health - disease involves a series of sociocultural aspects, product of the relation of the individual with the political, social and economic context that surrounds it. The work describes the experience of the educational process that gave origin to the in force program in the frame of the process of reform curricular that is carried out in the university, in order to extract lessons and important experiences that enrich the exercise of the teaching.

In this paper is outlined the work of research and development of the Pasteur Institute of Caracas and its subsequent impact on national scientific activity, which translated, after its disappearance, in the creation of other institutions in which were carried out important studies in the field of health sciences. It is concluded that today, given the evident decline in the country of the activity of knowledge production and innovation, is particularly relevant to reflect on the efforts that were made in the past to promote a scientific endeavor to respond to the needs of the country, such as happened with the Pasteur Institute of Caracas, which is a good example of social transformations and changes in attitudes that can be achieved, with a profound long-term impact, if working in an organized way and proactively to improve the own living conditions. Keywords: of , ,

The community-acquired pneumonia are those infections developed lung parenchyma within the general population. In the World is one of the most frequent causes of medical care, a current estimated incidence in the adult population of 2-10 year 1,000 population cases. That is why this research, which aims to characterize clinically and epidemiologically to community-acquired pneumonia arises. "Dr. Israel Ranuarez Balza "State Guárico. 2009-2010. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study where 138 stories, of which he took only included in the study 77 was used in the investigation, which had discharge diagnosis of pneumonia acquired in the community who had the inclusion criteria . The data were processed using the statistical package SPSS version 13.0. Obtained as important findings that is more common community-acquired pneumonia in males (63.64%) and in the age group of 25-44 years (40.26%), the most relevant findings are respiratory rate ≥ 20 rpm (78%), leukocytes ≥ 11,000 mm3 (60%), creatinine ≥ 1,2mgs / dl (44%), the most common radiologic localization are infiltrates in the lower lobes (48%) and multiple foci (26%)

Los autores del trabajo publicado en la Revista Venezolana de Salud Pública (RVSP) y titulado “Enteroparásitos en Lechugas. Comparación de dos técnicas diagnósticas. Estado Carabobo, Venezuela” (1) hemos leído con atención el artículo titulado “Importancia del diseño metodológico en estudios de comparación de pruebas diagnósticas” de nuestros colegas de Honduras y Colombia y que hace referencia a nuestra investigación. Con respecto al mismo, los autores tenemos a bien responder a las observaciones allí planteadas de la siguiente manera:En lo que respecta al título, creemos que el mismo expone de una manera concisa y puntual el principal objetivo del estudio: comparar dos técnicas ampliamente empleadas en el diagnóstico de enteroparásitos en alimentos, y muy especialmente en hortalizas del tipo de las lechugas. No consideramos necesario que el título exponga en detalle la concepción y delimitación del estudio; para ello, basta con leer el artículo in extenso, el cual si debería detallar los aspectos esbozados en el título.

A más de un año de haber iniciado esta laboriosa pero satisfactoria función de divulgación científica, podemos decir que el balance ha sido positivo. Las solicitudes de suscripción tanto nacionales como internacionales han ido aumentando progresivamente, al igual que las solicitudes para publicación, pasando de ser en su mayoría trabajos de la región hasta recibirse trabajos nacionales e incluso internacionales en la actualidad. Parte de la acogida de esta revista creemos se deba a la importancia del tema central de su línea editorial, como es la Salud Pública, elemento estratégico en políticas públicas para el desarrollo y progreso de las naciones.

In February 2013 a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in residents from "La Canoa" rural community, located in the south of Anzoátegui state. Voluntary and non-probability sampling was used. Stool samples obtained by spontaneous evacuation were analyzed by direct examination techniques, Kato, spontaneous sedimentation and Kinyoun staining. For statistical data analysis Chi-square test was used (c2) with a safety margin of 95% to demonstrate the independence between the variables studied. Of the 158 people evaluated, 95 were parasitized for a prevalence of intestinal parasites of 60.1%. According to age, all groups were affected without statistically significant difference (χ2 = 8.13 df: 5 p > 0.05). Both genders were equally parasitized (p> 0.05). 46.3 % had polyparasitism and 53.7 % was infected by one only parasite. Eight species of enteroparasites were diagnosed being protozoa (98.9%) more prevalent than helminths (1.1%). Between the protozoa, Blastocystis spp. was the most prevalent parasite with 51.3 %. Attention ws directed to the finding of one case (0.6%) of Entamoeba histolytica /E. dispar/E. moshkovskii complex. Equally noteworthy was the diagnosis of two cases (1.3%) of Cryptosporidium spp. Hymenolepis nana was the only helminth found (0.6%). The most common associations were Blastocystis spp.-Endolimax nana with 13 cases (29.5%) and Blastocystis spp.-Entamoeba coli with 12 cases (25%). To conclude, a high prevalence of intestinal parasites (60.1%) in the "La Canoa" rural community from Anzoátegui state was determined.

In order to determine coverage, vaccination compliance, reason for non-vaccination and susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases in children up to 5 years, from “ Las Cuibas” sector, a cross-sectional study was conducted, using rapid coverage monitoring, where the population was equal to the sample, 948 households, those inhabited by children up to 5 years old were considered as effective. Finding the following results for coverage: BCG 96%, Anti-hepatitis 88% for NB, Anti rotavirus 54%, poliovirus 40%, Pentavalent 40%, antiinfluenza 45%, viral Trivalent 82% and Yellow Fever 72% being these coverages below the ones reported for Lara state in 2012 but higher than the reported in the study conducted in "La Puerta" community. Of all children 34% comply the national immunization schedule. The higher susceptibility to vaccine preventable diseases was for Influenza 64%. For the non-compliant users the most reported reason was inherent to health care facility “there weren’t any vaccines the day scheduled” 78.02%. The need to achieve high vaccination coverage to prevent the transmission of infectious agents in the population, to make possible the elimination and eradication of preventable diseases through vaccination, makes clear the importance of this research because when it releases its results to the entities responsible, they will adapt or create strategies to improve the local health. Allowing to reduce the susceptible population and morbidity - mortality by vaccine-preventable diseases.

Los autores del trabajo publicado en la Revista Venezolana de Salud Pública (RVSP) y titulado “Enteroparásitos en Lechugas. Comparación de dos técnicas diagnósticas. Estado Carabobo, Venezuela” (1) hemos leído con atención el artículo titulado “Importancia del diseño metodológico en estudios de comparación de pruebas diagnósticas” de nuestros colegas de Honduras y Colombia y que hace referencia a nuestra investigación. Con respecto al mismo, los autores tenemos a bien responder a las observaciones allí planteadas de la siguiente manera: En lo que respecta al título, creemos que el mismo expone de una manera concisa y puntual el principal objetivo del estudio: comparar dos técnicas ampliamente empleadas en el diagnóstico de enteroparásitos en alimentos, y muy especialmente en hortalizas del tipo de las lechugas. No consideramos necesario que el título exponga en detalle la concepción y delimitación del estudio; para ello, basta con leer el artículo in extenso, el cual si debería detallar los aspectos esbozados en el título.

In tropical countries like Panama, parasitism levels reach values intimidating, especially in indigenous areas. This is mainly due to the lack of adequate sanitary facilities to prevent the acquisition of Enteroparasites. Detection of parasites in feces was performed in 74 individuals (aged between two months and 76 years) by two methods, direct stool examination in triplicate and the concentration method and Willis Ritchie Molloy. The prevalence was 89,2 % with no significant association between women and men (47,3 % vs. 41,9 %). Children 5 to 9 years showed the highest percentage of parasitism (22,1%). Protozoa predominated (90,3%) of helminths (9,7%). To detect the presence of parasites in 10 samples of 100g ground floor in each community, which was applied The Ritchie and Willy- Molloy, to identify the parasitic forms were taken microscopically. The 90% of the samples were positive for some parasitic form. As for the presence of parasites in 10L water 10 water samples were taken from each community to which was applied The Ritchie and Willy- Molloy, to identify microscopic parasitic forms. The 100% of samples were positive for some parasitic form. This research also determined through surveys that applied in the community enteroparasites Chagres result from multiple socioeconomic and environmental factors. Key word

Los autores del trabajo publicado en la Revista Venezolana de Salud Pública (RVSP) y titulado “Enteroparásitos en Lechugas. Comparación de dos técnicas diagnósticas. Estado Carabobo, Venezuela” (1) hemos leído con atención el artículo titulado “Importancia del diseño metodológico en estudios de comparación de pruebas diagnósticas” de nuestros colegas de Honduras y Colombia y que hace referencia a nuestra investigación. Con respecto al mismo, los autores tenemos a bien responder a las observaciones allí planteadas de la siguiente manera: En lo que respecta al título, creemos que el mismo expone de una manera concisa y puntual el principal objetivo del estudio: comparar dos técnicas ampliamente empleadas en el diagnóstico de enteroparásitos en alimentos, y muy especialmente en hortalizas del tipo de las lechugas. No consideramos necesario que el título exponga en detalle la concepción y delimitación del estudio; para ello, basta con leer el artículo in extenso, el cual si debería detallar los aspectos esbozados en el título.

Recientemente hemos leído con interés el trabajo de María Triolo y cols (1), en el cual se dice hacer una comparación de la sensibilidad de dos técnicas, ampliamente empleadas en la detección de enteroparásitos en lechugas (1). Conociendo la importancia de su diagnóstico en frutas y vegetales frescos, lo cual constituye un motivo de preocupación con respecto a la seguridad alimentaria (2), nos llaman la atención algunos aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos empleados en el estudio, que consideramos no son adecuados y por lo cual no se puede afirmar con certeza la veracidad y aplicabilidad de los resultados obtenidos, mismos que quisiéramos exponer.

La isosporiasis o isosporosis es una enfermedad que en el humano es producida por Isospora belli, su habitad es el intestino delgado y la forma evolutiva infectante es el Ooquiste, el cual sale a través de las heces de la persona infectada, madurando en el medio ambiente, para luego contaminar alimentos, que al ser consumidos, infectarán a nuevas personas. Su sintomatología en inmunocompetentes generalmente es autolimitada, pudiendo presentarse dolor abdominal, nauseas, vómito, meteorismo, diarrea, anorexia, pérdida de peso y en algunos casos fiebre (en los primeros días). En inmunosuprimidos, los síntomas son más intensos y duraderos, tales como diarrea intensa (prolongada) y dolor abdominal severo

In this paper is outlined the work of research and development of the Pasteur Institute of Caracas and its subsequent impact on national scientific activity, which translated, after its disappearance, in the creation of other institutions in which were carried out important studies in the field of health sciences. It is concluded that today, given the evident decline in the country of the activity of knowledge production and innovation, is particularly relevant to reflect on the efforts that were made in the past to promote a scientific endeavor to respond to the needs of the country, such as happened with the Pasteur Institute of Caracas, which is a good example of social transformations and changes in attitudes that can be achieved, with a profound long-term impact, if working in an organized way and proactively to improve the own living conditions.

Lots of pathologies of musculoskeletal origin in the industrial area have been caused by disergonomics conditions and companies have tried to solve this problem with large investments in acquiring last generation technologies. But is certainly the health issue that motivates such investments? Are certainly appropriate technologies that have been imported from other communities and not taking into account the local idiosyncrasies and phenotype? Investments in companies must be directed to the benefit of the worker and not only with the goal of profit. If not taken into account the worker in the process of purchasing new equipment or working methods, investments can be reversed in huge losses for companies not able to resolve the problem directly affects the health of the worker

Salmonella spp., is a Gram negative bacillus widely distributed at World which is a major public health problem with major economic and health implications. Salmonella species are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in various countries. The present work corresponded to a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study, for which the prevalence of Salmonella spp., was determined, In 80 children aged 2 to 6 years in kindergartens of the Marruecos section of the resort Rafael Uribe Uribe (Bogota) in the period comprised between November 2010 and February 2011. ELISA method was used to establish the diagnosis of microorganism prevalence of 18,8%. According to the estimates of relative risk, socio-demographic characteristics such as gender are associated with the likelihood that the disease is more prevalent in males exposed to the Salmonella organism

Lots of pathologies of musculoskeletal origin in the industrial area have been caused by disergonomics conditions and companies have tried to solve this problem with large investments in acquiring last generation technologies. But is certainly the health issue that motivates such investments? Are certainly appropriate technologies that have been imported from other communities and not taking into account the local idiosyncrasies and phenotype? Investments in companies must be directed to the benefit of the worker and not only with the goal of profit. If not taken into account the worker in the process of purchasing new equipment or working methods, investments can be reversed in huge losses for companies not able to resolve the problem directly affects the health of the worker.

Recientemente hemos leído con interés el trabajo de María Triolo y cols (1), en el cual se dice hacer una comparación de la sensibilidad de dos técnicas, ampliamente empleadas en la detección de enteroparásitos en lechugas (1). Conociendo la importancia de su diagnóstico en frutas y vegetales frescos, lo cual constituye un motivo de preocupación con respecto a la seguridad alimentaria (2), nos llaman la atención algunos aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos empleados en el estudio, que consideramos no son adecuados y por lo cual no se puede afirmar con certeza la veracidad y aplicabilidad de los resultados obtenidos, mismos que quisiéramos exponer.

En 1905 se describe el primer caso de esquistosomiasis o bilharzia en Venezuela, por Víctor Raúl Soto, quien estudiando quinto año de Medicina en la Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV) y tutelado por el barquisimetano Pablo Acosta Ortiz y el trujillano Rafael Rangel, publica su tesis intitulada “Naturaleza de la disentería en Caracas”, con la cual obtiene el título de Doctor en Ciencias Médicas en la UCV 1.

La isosporiasis o isosporosis es una enfermedad que en el humano es producida por Isospora belli, su habitad es el intestino delgado y la forma evolutiva infectante es el Ooquiste, el cual sale a través de las heces de la persona infectada, madurando en el medio ambiente, para luego contaminar alimentos, que al ser consumidos, infectarán a nuevas personas. Su sintomatología en inmunocompetentes generalmente es autolimitada, pudiendo presentarse dolor abdominal, nauseas, vómito, meteorismo, diarrea, anorexia, pérdida de peso y en algunos casos fiebre (en los primeros días). En inmunosuprimidos, los síntomas son más intensos y duraderos, tales como diarrea intensa (prolongada) y dolor abdominal severo1,2

Hemos leído con atención el artículo del Prof. Luis Traviezo(1), en donde expone una serie de imágenes tomadas con microscopía fotónica de ooquistes de “Isospora belli”, como parte de una serie de coproanálisis hechos en humanos. A pesar de que de una manera general concordamos con el contenido del artículo, no obstante, deseamos hacer comentarios, y ampliar y complementar las ideas abordadas, especialmente acerca del estatus taxonómico y sistemático de las especies del género “Isospora” mencionadas en su trabajo, y la correspondiente nomenclatura de las enfermedades parasitarias que ocasionan.