This paper investigates the degree of association between major four crimes in Sudan, including illegal drug trafficking, murder, theft, and prostitution, with indicators of institutional weakness that include surge in other four crimes: duty & customs, forgery, passport related, and firearms & ammunition crimes. These later four crimes has been considered indicators of institutional weakness because upswing in these crimes is a reflection of corruption or negligence, or incompetence of institutional performance in the country. The canonical correlation test result indicates there is a very high and significant association between the major four crimes and the indicators of institutional weakness. This finding implies institutional weakness can nurture crime surge in the country. Cluster analysis indicates the type of crimes in conflict states of Darfor region are featured in the rest of the country except in the capital state, Khartoum which represent a separate cluster on its own. Cluster analysis also indicate murder crime is connected with prostitution; and theft crime is associated with firearms & ammunition crimes; custom & duty crimes connected with passport -related and illegal drugs crimes. However, illegal drugs crime is connected with murder, theft, and prostitution crimes.

A good environment they say predetermines good health. If good health is to be measured at all the people and the environment will play a significant role. Illness and disease however, do not exist in isolation of the environment in particular. Waste is an object for which we have no further use and which has to be disposed off because of the danger it poses to the environment. Solid waste refers to garbage, refuse, rubbish, trash or litter generated through the domestic, commercial and industrial activities of man. As the population increased efforts were made to transport waste out of the cities. This study therefore examined the problems of solid waste disposal in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo state. Two hundred respondents were sampled from the study area. The major instruments of data collection were questionnaire administration, personal observation and oral interview Data were analyzed using cross tabulation and simple percentage The findings shows that the respondents were aware of effects that improper solid waste to have in their environment and health but still indulge in insanitary wasted disposal. Also the role of Government in waste disposal was below normal standard. It was recommended that the people should change their unsanitary system of waste disposal and government should improve on waste disposal policy.

Corruption is pandemic in Nigeria. From high-profile cases to individual selfish mentality, the syndrome has been very pervasive and currently, corruption seems to be fighting back in the country. This paper highlights some definition of corruption and explores the psychological and ethical bases for corrupt mentality in Nigeria. The paper therefore posits that there is the need to institutionalize regulations with ethical reorientation of the young ones against greed and nepotism with appropriate civic value system. As charity begins at home, it is recommended that the home as an informal sector for civic learning should form a synergy with school civic education for promoting corrupt-free mentality.

This study was carried out in Anambra State. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether any significant relationship exists between principals’ instruction supervision practices and teachers’ job performance in secondary schools in Anambra State. One research question and one null hypothesis guided the study. It adopted the co-relational research design. The population of the study was made up of 6,342 public secondary school teachers in six education zones of the state. The sample for the study was 634 public secondary school teachers in Anambra state. Researchers-developed instrument titled: ‘Questionnaire on principals instructional supervision practices and teachers job performance Questionnaire’ (QPISPTJP) was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was established through a trial- test in public secondary schools in Enugu State. The reliability index of the instrument using cronbach alpha method was 0.92 and was deemed high for the study. The researchers administered the instrument directly on the respondents with the help of five research assistants and the Pearson’s Product Moment correlation coefficient was used in the data analysis. Findings indicated that a moderate positive relationship exists between principals instructional supervision practices and teachers job performance. Among others, it was recommended that principals should use instructional supervision as an opportunity to equip their teachers with professional skills and knowledge.

This article deals about the relationship between rural women’s enterprising work and microcredit in two villages of south-western Bangladesh, named Char Khankhanapur and Decree Charchandpur. It tries to understand the local women’s perception of entrepreneurial work and examine whether it fits the microcredit lenders’ concept of entrepreneurship. Focusing on the case of Grameen bank, as one of the main microfinance institutions of the villages, I aim to see whether microcredit facilities universally promotes rural women’s enterprising work or only certain group of women can develop their entrepreneurship capacity through microcredit’s support. I also enquire whether the promise of Women in Development (WID) paradigm, which boldly claims that women’s participation in paid work will empower them, is valid in my study villages. Drawing multiple cases of rural women’s work (around 40 women were interviewed), this article attempts to reveal the politics of microcredit and development in rural Bangladesh. It finds that not all women in rural areas of Bangladesh possess entrepreneurship capacities, and microcredit has varied effect on women depending on their individual standpoints.