Overtapping of pine resin in terms of quare size which is too wide and deep and the use of anorganic stimulant may cause tree damage and increase the risk of tree to fall. Modification of tapping technique may reduce the damage of trees and increase the production of pine resin. The modification should consider several aspects of economical, ecological, social, and technical. The objectives of the research were to determine the width and number of quare on each tree, the appropriate type of organic stimulant, and also cost of tapping technique The result showed that different type of tapping such as width and number of quare pertree significantly gave different resin production. However, different types of organic stimulant and its interaction with number and width of quare was not correlated significantly with resin production. Modification of tapping and the use of organic had direct s on techniques stimulant influence the cost and profit.

Overtapping of pine resin in terms of quare size which is too wide and deep and the use of anorganic stimulant may cause tree damage and increase the risk of tree to fall. Modification of tapping technique may reduce the damage of trees and increase the production of pine resin. The modification should consider several aspects of economical, ecological, social, and technical. The objectives of the research were to determine the width and number of quare on each tree, the appropriate type of organic stimulant, and also cost of tapping technique The result showed that different type of tapping such as width and number of quare pertree significantly gave different resin production. However, different types of organic stimulant and its interaction with number and width of quare was not correlated significantly with resin production. Modification of tapping and the use of organic had direct s on techniques stimulant influence the cost and profit.

Rattan is spiny climbing palms, which is mostly utilized for furniture. This paper determines the chemical composition of 12 rattan species from Papua and its resistance against powderpost beetle (Dinoderus minutus Fabr.) and subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren). Chemical composition tested includes cellulose, lignin and starch contents. Cellulose content was determined by Norman and Jenkins method, while lignin content was determined based on the Indonesian National Standards (SNI 14-0492-1989 and SII-70-1979). Rattan resistance against powder post beetles and subterranean termites according to Indonesian Standard SNI 01-7207-2006. Results show that the highest cellulose content was found in somi-1 rattan (Calamus pachypus WJ Baker & al) of 52.82%, while the lowest cellulose content was found in longipina rattan (Calamus zebrianus Becc) which constitutes 42.29% cellulose content. The highest lignin content was recorded in endow rattan (Calamus zebrianus Becc) which was 33.37%, and the lowest was recorded in itoko rattan (Calamus vitiensis Warburg) which was about 21.00%. Two rattans studied were classified into class I against powder post beetle, and three of them were c lassified as class II. Four rattan species falls into class III and one species classified as class IV, and the other two species were classified as class V against powder post beetle. Based on the test against subterranean termites, three rattan species were classified as class I, five species as class II, two species as class III, one species as class IV, and one species as class V. Rattan species which was classified into III, IV, and V classes need to be preserved to enhance its service life.

Natural durability of forty five wood species collected from several forest regions in Indonesia was tested against dry- wood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light.) and subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgreen). Natural durability tests against dry-wood termites and subterranean termites were conducted based on Indonesian standard SNI 7207:2014. Results show that six wood species are classified as very durable wood (class I), eleven wood species are durable (class II), and 28 species belong to the low durability classes (class III, IV and V) against dry wood termites (C. cynocephalus Light.). Similar tests against substeranean termites (C. curvignathus Holmgreen reveal that seven wood species are classified into highly resistant (durable class I), 14 wood species are resistant (durable class II), and the remaining 24 wood species belong to durability class of III, IV, and V. The testing results indicate that wood with high natural durability against dry wood termites is not necessarily resistant to subterranean termites and vice versa.

Timber harvesting in forest plantations of PT Korintiga Hutani was undertaken using lenght limitation of 4.10 m and minimum diameter of 10 cm. These limitations have created numerous trunk wastes in the field. Harvesting efficiency improvcement is being considered by converting the wastes into wood chips. However, the company has to pay a provision of forest resources to the goverment for each volumetric unit (m ) of the converting wood wastes. This examines conversion Paper factors for estimating conversion val es from staple meter (Sm) or weight (ton) into m3 of akasia (Acacia mangium) ekaliptus (Eucalyptus pellita ) and waru (Hibiscus similis). Result show that conversion value of 1 Sm A

Timber harvesting in forest plantations of PT Korintiga Hutani was undertaken using lenght limitation of 4.10 m and minimum diameter of 10 cm. These limitations have created numerous trunk wastes in the field. Harvesting efficiency improvcement is being considered by converting the wastes into wood chips. However, the company has to pay a provision of forest resources to the goverment for each volumetric unit (m ) of the converting wood wastes. This examines conversion Paper factors for estimating conversion val es from staple meter (Sm) or weight (ton) into m3 of akasia (Acacia mangium) ekaliptus (Eucalyptus pellita ) and waru (Hibiscus similis). Result show that conversion value of 1 Sm A mangium E wood waste is equal to 0 35 m 3 , or 1 ton of the same waste is equal 1 98 m conversion value of 1 Sm 3 . to Pellita H similis is equald to 0 48 m3 Pellita H similis is equald to 0 48 m , or 1 ton of the waste is equal to 1 41 m . Conversion value for 1 Sm is equal to , or 1 ton of the waste is equal to 1 41 m 3 . Conversion value for 1 Sm is equal to . 0 34 m 3 , or 1 ton of the waste is equal to 1 95 m 3 rocessing recovery of wood waste into chips is 94% for A mangium. and while recovery of H similis is 90%. He , conversion factor of wood chips in relation with the required E pelita waste is 1 Sm chips 0 38 m wood waste or 1 ton chips 2 09 m wood waste for . Conversion factor for = .A mangium E pellita H. imilis is 1 Sm chips = 0 38 wood waste or 1 ton chips 1 51 m wood waste conversion factor for is 1 Sm chips 0 39 m wood waste or 1 ton chips=2 16 m wood waste