Counselling in Malaysia has developed impressively since the last four decades. This paper briefly outlines the trends and development of counselling as a formal academic training programme and a recognised helping profession in Malaysia. It appears that the majority of the training programmes are based on Western approaches with limited attention given to the appli cation of counselling on the locals. This paper discusses the group counselling practice on Malays, as the major ethnic race. Six factors that may influence the practice are religion, general e motions, customary traits, help seeking behaviors , language, a nd family influences. It also provides suggestions to group leaders who deal with this particular race.

In this article we intend to analyze social solidarity in pension systems, the background and policy reforms on pensions in the EU, in terms of migrant workers and focuses on how social benefits are established for such social categories. In the analysis of the setting and p ayment of benefits, we found that necessary, creation of a single European payment of benefits for migrant workers.

This study conducts a thorough overview of the current literature on the models of supply chain management research in the major literature in management and decision science and classifi es them into three categories. Such categorization provides a clear and precise view of the supply chain models literature, based on which we can find the gaps in the current research. INTR

Business managers are always evaluating cash flows for their business. Traditionally cash flow measurements have focused on tho se items that people external to the business management think are important. Some of the measurements that will be discussed include: free cash flow; net cash flow; owners’ excess cash flow and the Statement of Cash Flows. This paper proposes a method tha t will show the effects on cash, of management decision making, through modifications of the Statement of Cash Flows designed for internal use in a business.

The Vietnamese tourism employment sector is lacking professional and generic skills. Tourism training programs are being questioned over their responses to the sector’s requirements. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data from a triad of stakeholders: (1) academics in VET and HE tourism training institutions, (2) human resource managers, and internship mentors in tourism companies, and (3) recent graduates and current final-year students in tourism training courses; this paper addresses educational issues concerning tourism graduate employability skills. The results show contradictions in the participant stakeholder perspectives. Tourism companies are not satisfied with graduate outcomes. However, the HE institutions counter this criticism and argue support for equipping graduates with essential skills through both curricular and extra-curricular activities. Yet the students attribute their skill acquisition mostly to external factors. The findings add empirical insights from a developing country on the current debate concerning stakeholder roles in equipping graduates with employability skills in tourism.

Information and communication technology such as CDs and the Internet is considered as recommended means in supporting education and making it more efficient. It is also recommended in managing teaching activities; especially teaching languages and making them easier. Studies which were done on an international level show that information and communication technology provides a distinct quality to develop students in a suitable environment which builds up knowledge through a great variety of technological programmes. This environment also provides students a rich content of encouragement and development. As a result of the great evolution of information and communication technology and the spread of digital technology in the recent years, teaching has witnessed a great transformation in the forms of spreading knowledge in universities. This has been carried out through creating new educational environment in content and methods of teaching. This will be shown through discussing the most important aspects of teaching, the role of teachers in teaching languages in a modern technological environment, media technology and communication, higher education, distance learning, educational programs, digital education channels, educational technology and teaching strategies. Information and communication technology is defined as a way of electronic means which is stored digitally unlike analogue. It also means the technical aspects of information storage and sending it such as CDs and computer programmes and the final product such as digital videos, boards, sound and art. Consequently, digital media has become the most common media that is used in expressing humankind because it deals with specific details as it uses the most modern and precise equipment, for example the Internet. This research applies the descriptive method and the researcher uses the questionnaire as a researching aid. The sample study will be 200 teachers from different public and private universities. The practical aspect of the research will be applied, if being accepted in the conference, during the summer course (1/7/2017-1/9/2017).T he researcher predicts the attitudes of foreign language teachers in Jordanian universities towards applying information and modern communication in teaching languages positive.

Following the US led invasion of the country in late 2001 and the fall of the Taliban regime, a new process of democratization starte d based on the Bonn Ag reement - a draft under the umbrella of United Nations which gave a road map to Afghans and the international communi ty for a transition to a successful democracy and stability in Afghanistan. The presidential, parliamentary and provincial councils’ elections were held. Another important achievement in the country is the standardization of the human rights, especially wo men rights through establishing an independent commission of human rights. Now there are dozens of female MPs and women candidates stood in the race to be the president of the country. Although efforts are underway for democracy to work in Afghanistan, the re are a number of challenges and obstacles. People’s expectations have not been met and the country still faces insecurity, intimidation, corruption, violation of rights, and warlordism. The paper outlines democratic achievement in the country in post - Tal iban Afghanistan and discusses challenges and factors that threaten the nascent democracy.