This study examines Islamic finance and green finance. Islamic finance is a system based on Sharia law that prohibits interest, uncertainty, and investment in unlawful sectors defined by Islam. Green finance is the financing investments that promote renewable energy, sustainable developments, and environmental products or policies. This paper shows that although Islamic finance and green finance have been showing an increasing trend in the world in the last two decades, these trends are observed in different regions and countries. The portion of the Murabahah among the Islamic financial products is very high compared the other Islamic financial instruments. This phenomenon can be an explanation why Islamic finance and green finance have showed an increasing trend in different regions and countries.

The objective of this study is to investigate the casuality between corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance. The study employed two least square regression approaches. Fifty-two firms were selected using the scientific method. The findings revealed that corporate social responsibility and firm performance in manufacturing sector are mutually related at 5%. The study recommended that management of manufacturing companies in Nigeria should expend on CSR to boost profitability and corporate image.

The academic success of the university students greatly depends on the mastery of an academic reading skill. However, students as well as teachers, take the learning of this skill for granted, as they tend to presuppose that reading skill is acquired as a part of their secondary education. As a result, most first-year students employ non university strategies to read academic texts, which leads to a surface approach to reading and prevents students from a better understanding of the material. This paper will discuss the strategies that involve students in taking a deep approach to reading academic texts.

Teaching overseas has always been a great opprotunity for academic and social development. Teachers who have international experiences stand a better chance of not only developing their teaching skills, communication skills and classroom management but also learning new languages and about other cultures. Teaching abroad can help teachers promote their skills for efficiency and effectiveness. It is important to stress that teachers with international experience can teach effectively and contribute to the achievement of their students more. This paper focuses on the effects of working abroad as a teacher on the development of teaching skills.

This study investigated capacity planning and performance in the manufacturing sector in the Southeastern States of Nigeria based on selected Brewing industries. The population of the study was 740 staff of the brewing industry in South-Eastearn Nigeria. The sample size of 509 was obtained using a Taro Yamani’s statistical formula. The study used questionnaire and oral interview guide for data gathering. A test- retest stood completed using Spearman’s rank correlation, giving a coefficient of 0.9. Findings revealed that capacity planning significantly enriched economic performance of the industry studied. There existed a strong affirmative relationship among capacity necessities planning and resources requirements planning. The paper suggested use of capacity planning as a technique to improve all performance factors. Similarly, performance advantage subsist from the correlation of volume requirements plans and resources requirements planning. The paper summarily held the position that volume preparation improved the economic performance in the industry under review. This inferred that goals achievement is possible. Likewise, the finding of substantial constructive association between volume supplies planning and resources supplies planning inferred an affirmative communication between the variables. This meant that resources supplies planning which was a method of organizing the detailed production plans could lead to an improvement of capacity supplies planning. That is to say, they are taking future decisions on the substances required for production capability of the brewing facility.

Green economy is an overarching purpose for sustainable growth and friendly environment. Renewable energy focuses on clean energy and sustainable development targets a continuous growth. Green economy includes both of them. Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) struggles serious problems in terms of economics after showing a remarkable economic growth until mid-2014. The increasing gap between demand and supply is seen another serious problem for KRI. Green energy is one of the essential stage towards to the green economy and it is one of the vital issue to succeed on the way of green economy. Solar energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy source around the world and KRI has a great potential for solar energy. This study aims to stimulate KRI to invest green energy and encourage it to establish green economy to make its economy robust for the shocks and enable to show a sustainable development.

People for different reasons need to travel abroad. They even travel to another country to work. However, people might experience culture schock due to new values and opinions they encounter in the new culture. It is not always easy to adapt a new environment for some people. Teachers, similarly might have the same problems once they enter in a new culture. Although teachers work abroad to develop their teaching experiences, different cultural values and a new education system they are exposed to in the new country might cause them some social problems. This paper focuses on what kind of problems those teachers who would like to work abroad encounter.

Education is considered to be a powerful method which aids to change the behaviour of the students based on their needs and expectation of the society. Student anxiety and attitude are considered an essential part of learning; consequently it becomes an important element of second language learning. The main purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing students’ anxiety in language learning in private universities in Erbil. A quantitative research method was applied to measure students anxiety which consisted of fear of negative evaluation, communication apprehension and test anxiety. The researcher adopted and modified a survey from previous academic scholars and was able to gather necessary information. The researcher was able to gather 92 questionnaires being filled properly. Multiple regression analysis was applied to test each research hypotheses. The findings of this study revealed that students’ fear of negative anxiety had the higher level of anxiety towards learning language, on the other hand students test anxiety had lower value among other variables.

In learning mathematics, students are naturally motivated to protect their self-worth by maintaining a belief that they are competent in this area. However, there is an important question which educators have to answer: “Why do students often confuse ability with worth?” The most important reason is that in our society students are widely considered to be worthy according to their ability to achieve in the given tasks in mathematics. Irrespective the contributions of the Multiple Intelligence Theory of intelligence in education, unfortunately mathematics is still regarded as predicting students’ overall ability to learn. Educators should realize that the need in order to protect self-worth arises primarily from fear of failure. Therefore, if this fear of failure is strong, some students will not try and gradually they will produce failure-avoiding strategies to avoid certain tasks in order not to look bad or receive negative assessments from others to protect his/her self-worth. It is important to make sure that the performance goals do not promote failure-avoidance (performance-avoidance-oriented) behavior, such as avoiding unfavorable judgments of capabilities and looking incompetent when the student encounters greater challenges. The main purpose of this qualitative study, therefore, is to explore students’ achievement goal motivation, their self-worth and how these motivational factors impact their learning goals in mathematics. This study hypothesizes that self-worth protection in math has also been considered from a performance-avoidance goal viewpoint. This study emphasizes that educators, who consider true self-worth as the student’s inherent value, should avoid comparing their students’ ability, capability relative to others as well as students’ academic performance and outcomes with others in class context.

Effective management is one of the determining factors that play a critical role in teacher motivation. It is also the main factor behind a successful educational institution. Moreover, effective management is necessary to motivate people into action and propel an institution to reach its established objectives. In an educational institution, where managerial structure fails to function well, teachers obviously lose their motivation to teach as well as their commitment to the organization. Therefore, administrators’ leadership styles can affect teacher motivation which will eventually affect learners’ performance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the administrators’ leadership styles, their awareness of teacher motivation peculiarities and strategies they use to motivate the teaching staff at Ronaki Educational Institutions in Erbil, Iraq. It further aims to investigate what makes an effective administrator. To achieve the research goal, the study firstly uses the theoretical analysis of the scientific and methodological literature on the research problem and makes use of a semi-structured interview with Ronaki Hawler Educational Institutions’ administrators. In the interview with 24 administrators, the information on organizational practices and their frequencies, employed by administrators, was obtained. It included elements such as; whether/how often advancement opportunities, promotion, autonomy, bonuses were granted to the teaching staff, what sort of responsibility they possessed, how their recognition as teachers was expressed, and how secure they felt their jobs were. The findings were analyzed and discussed in the discussion part of this research study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using students’ presentations on improving English language skills of adult learners and assess its potency to reach the expected learning outcomes. The research was conducted in the Continuing Education Center, Ishik University, Erbil, KRG, Iraq. The target population consisted of 23 English language learners (university graduates, and currently working in the sphere of Education). This study consisted of three major phases: first, explanation, preparation, presentation of the students’ works on the topic of interest and observation of students’ performance, second, teacher-student and student-student discussion of the video-recorded presentations. The last step was the application of the survey, which was designed to measure the participants’ attitude toward the mini-projects they presented in the class. The data were analyzed by means of frequency and percentage, as well as a summarization of the discussions. The main findings show that students’ attitude toward oral presentations, prepared on the topic of their own interest, have a positive attitude on students’ motivation toward learning English and help the adult learners to improve their language in general, and the productive skills in particular.

In many recent studies teachers and other professional educators in EFL circles highlight the importance of teaching pragmatic competence as a vital part of language teaching curriculum. This probably was the result of generations of learners of English language who completed their studies in the foreign language with a relatively good general language proficiency but weaker skills to interpret the messages and intentions that are conveyed in conversations, correctly. This particular competence is referred to as pragmatic competence. This paper aims to overview most widely used techniques to teach pragmatic competence in an EFL classroom as well as provide theoretical background for the concept and closely related notions such as speech acts and politeness strategies.

The study uses an instrumental variable estimator to econometrically re-estimate effects of fiscal deficit financing on output growth rate plus the threshold value of such deficit financing that is consistent with growth rate of national output in Nigeria based on a system specification and theThreshold Autoregressive (TAR) specification. Estimations were done with quarterly data from 2010:Q1 to 2017: Q2. Results of likelihood ratio test validated existence of threshold effect and this implies that link between fiscal deficit financing and long-run output growth is non-linear in Nigeria while empirics of threshold autoregressive results evidently upholds that changes in fiscal deficit negatively impact output growth exclusively if such deficit financing exceeds 3% of GDP. By implication, fiscal deficit financing that exceeds 3% of GDP injures output growth in Nigeria. In effect, 3% is the threshold at which the sign of existing link between fiscal deficit financing and output growth switches. At threshold of 4% and above, the link becomes negative. Henceforward, the Nigerian monetary authority (CBN) can be so advised to target not more than 3% fiscal deficit financing for determination of output growth while simultaneously reduce lending rate to boost domestic investment that links local production required to boost exportation and so generate the requisite foreign exchange desirable to steer economic growth.

The aim of this study was to present the types of register and the reasons why those types of register are spoken in Indonesian nurses in Community Health Center (CHC) Pakisaji, East Java, Indonesia. This was a descriptive qualitative research and the data were taken from the recording of the Indonesian nurses’ conversation, observation, and interview technique. The participants of this study were Indonesian nurses and a head of nurses in CHC. The analytical approach was based on the types of formal and reporting registers. The findings showed that the CHC nurses’ reasons of using such registers were (1) to show professional identity, (2) to provide the effectiveness of communication, (3) to proof the strength of data, (4) to provide the security of data, (5) to show prestige, and (6) to show integrity.

Rural development is not a new phenomenon as it has been written about by many scholars due to the importance of these areas to the nation. It is believed by many that the development of societies is the sole responsibility of the government as it is saddled with the responsibility of taking care of the citizens’ welfare. However, the government cannot do it alone as other stakeholders like companies that carry out businesses in rural areas have the responsibility of taking care of their environment. Corporate Social Responsibility is a phenomenon that needs to be given attention to for the betterment of the society and the company as well. It is for this reason that the study seeks to find out whether companies in rural Asa LGA of Kwara state carry out CSR and also to know whether CSR has led to rural development. This was done by using a purposive sampling technique to select 255 respondents from Asa LGA of Kwara state, Nigeria. The study found out that organizations do not carry out CSR adequately in the area of study. Also, it was discovered that if companies start to pay attention to CSR, rural areas will benefit in terms of development. The study finally concludes that there should be stringent laws on the implementation of CSR.

The present study meant to shed light on Azerbaijani undergraduate students’ readiness to use contemporary electronic devices in EFL classes. To get the required data, the researcher applied to the questionnaire. The survey took place at Qafqaz University (Current Baku Engineering University). By and large, 442 learners participated in this questionnaire with different English levels and class profile. The result of this investigation has revealed that modern technologies have become an integral part of the overwhelming majority of Azerbaijani undergraduate students. The findings also indicate that undergraduate students in Azerbaijan have a high potential to learn English through Web 2.0 technologies.

It is without doubt, that most contemporary methods of language teaching are based on the Communicative language Teaching (CLT) model. The principle that these methods share is that language can only be considered meaningful when it is not taught separately from its context, which is the context of the target language speakers. In other words, second and foreign language teachers are encouraged to pursue methods of instruction that seek to simultaneously improve not only the linguistic knowledge of the L2/foreign language learners (such as vocabulary and grammar) but also their learning of the “appropriate” contextual meaning of this knowledge. To mention a few, these methods include the integrated content and language learning instruction (ICLI), theme based language instruction (TBI), Task based instruction (TBI) and the integrated language and culture Instruction (ILCI). The last method of instruction which is the central subject of discussion in this study is not commonly addressed by most researchers despite its growing popularity in most foreign language teaching classrooms. It is mainly related to the theme based language instruction since it advocates for the teaching of language in tandem with topics in culture and civilisation and realises the importance of both culture (as content) and language (as a medium of communication). This study unpacks this method, looking at its benefits and limitations when it comes to its application to the foreign language classroom. The major concern of this study therefore, is pedagogical implications of this method in actual foreign language teaching. To illustrate this, the study gives insights into learning of German in Zimbabwe, with the University of Zimbabwe as a close example. The underlying position in this study is that, while the integrated language and culture Instruction (ILCI) method is a very attractive method on paper, there are a number of obstacles that can censor its practical application. These include (among others), complications arising from language learning material (mainly textbooks) and institutional course structure that maintains language and culture as two parallel structures.

The wide use of interactive whiteboard in the classroom has been a significant source of motivation in teaching and learning process, and consequently leads to better achievement. Likewise, interactive whiteboard has enormously contributed to geometry teaching in that it has created a relaxing learning environment for learners where learners can study geometry in a stress-free atmosphere. This paper aims to investigate the facilitating role of interactive whiteboard in geometry teaching. Furthermore, the study explores how interactive whiteboard motivates learners to achieve better in geometry.

Teaching overseas has always been a great opprotunity for academic and social development. Teachers who have international experiences stand a better chance of not only developing their teaching skills, communication skills and classroom management but also learning new languages and about other cultures. Teaching abroad can help teachers promote their skills for efficiency and effectiveness. It is important to stress that teachers with international experience can teach effectively and can contribute to the achievement of their students more. This paper focuses on five reasons why teachers prefer teaching overseas.

Compulsive Buying Behavior seemed to be increasing, especially among college students. The aim of this study was to explain some factors that influence compulsive buying behavior. This study involved 189 undergraduate students and data collected by distributing questionnaires. The result showed that allowance, personal budgeting, were related to compulsive buying behavior. The other results indicated that self-control was able to weaken the influence of allowance on compulsive buying behavior. Also, the outcome empirically showed that college students are knowledgeable with some alternative methods for overcoming compulsive buying behavior.