A stem cell is essentially a ‘blank’ cell, capable of becoming another more differential cell type in the body, such as a skin cell, a muscle cell, or a nerve cell. Microscopic in size, stem cells are big news in medical science circle because they can be used to replace or even heal damaged tissues and cells in the body. It can play a leading role as it bears a unique property of differentiating into a required cell. Thus it can be a bank of cells which can be stimulated or triggered to get differentiated into any morphologically developed cell and function as so.

We always need to calculate the wire play degrees (inclination, angulation, and rotation) to know what reduction we have & what clearance in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd order we will get and compared by what we need.

You’re about to have a serious operation (hysterectomy, cardiovascular surgery, joint replacement, etc.) and the day before you go into the hospital, you get a toothache. The surgeon has cleared you for the operation but the toothache makes everything else stop and you must go to a dentist immediately.

Just as much as information is available today, it can be often misleading and confusing as well.Your smile is the only curve that sets everything straight. From simple to complex cases which may have a time frame ranging from a few months to a couple of years, the benefits of investing on your smile is worth it. We offer flexible payment plans to ensure you have a hassle free journey towards achieving that beautiful smile.

Putting aside the most creative feat we know – the creation of the universe; if you believe in that – we come to lesser feats of creative prowess.

We describe the use of a piezoelectric scalpel to perform split crest procedures with an aim to optimize outcomes and acceptability by patients. The survival and success rates of implants placed in expanded ridges are similar to those of implants placed in native bone.This technique is a predictable approach for split crest procedures and has high acceptability by patients and is techni-cally simple for surgeons.

The restoration that was carried out for a discolored UR3 tooth which was eventually crowned with an aesthetic 3M Lava crown.

The body requires many different vitamins and minerals that are crucial for the physical and mental development of children and also helps in preventing various nutritional deficiency diseases in children. The study was conducted in Anganwadi of Ambala, Barara and nariangarh tehsils of Haryana. A total of 1268 children visiting various Anganwadi were analyzed for nutritional status by using WHO anthro version 3.0.1.

The first computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) machine were created in the 1960s for building parts of an automobile. In dentistry, CAD-CAM milling has been in use since 20 years.

Papillary lesions are those that tumefactive with a cauliflower surface. Some are pedunculated and some are sessile. Some are single, others are multiple or diffusely involve the broad area of the oral mucosa. Papillary lesions of the oral mucosa are characterized by focal, multifocal or diffuse exophytic growth with cauliflower or verrucous surface irregularity.

The restoration of the class II cavity is very challenged for clinicians. Several treatment modalities have been used. For many years, the composite resin was the preferred treatment with either direct or indirect technique, since it was considered as a conservative clinical solution, which provides predictable esthetic outcomes. Recently, with the progress in adhesive technologies and ceramic material porcelain partial veneer restoration was proposed in some case report studies as a therapeutic option for fractured and decayed teeth, it showed a high survival rate compared with indirect resin restoration and it maintains its esthetic and gloss appearance for a long time.

Tooth replacement in the esthetic zone demands both hard and soft tissue considerations. In cases where Implant is not desirable by the patient, the post-extraction sequelae of alveolar collapse could be avoided by alveolar funding. In this process, the fractured/carious root piece is submerged/saucered at or 1 mm below the alveolar crest. This helps in funding or rather preserving of tooth-supporting apparatus that maintains the equilibrium of the stomatognathic system and prevents alveolar collapse. The current case report is of a case of middle-aged, systematically healthy male patient with fractured left central incisor at the subgingival level. Following surgical cauterization, endodontic treatment and prosthetic replacement, desirable esthetic results were achieved. One year follow-up showed acceptable emergence profile with plaque-free pontic. The findings of the present case are conclusive of predictable alveolar funding of pontic with root present.

Early childhood caries is a significant public health problem that needs to be recognized by the health care professionals and the public, as in this condition the children’s teeth is susceptible to decay as soon as they erupt. Early childhood caries is a multifactorial infectious disease. There are many aspects of early childhood caries; tooth decay associated with feeding is recognized as one of the more severe manifestations of this syndrome. Unfortunately, this condition has a variable impact on children’s lives involving difficulty in chewing leading to weight loss, impairment of the orofacial growth, difficulty in speech and aesthetics which hampers complete physiological and psychological wellbeing. The following is a case report of a 4 and a half-year-old child with severe pain in most of the teeth and was diagnosed as a patient with early childhood caries, treatment was planned and full mouth rehabilitation was performed under general anaesthesia.

Dermatoglyphics is the study of dermal ridge configurations on palms, fingers, soles, and toes of an individual. Dermal ridges and craniofacial structures are both developed during the 6 to 7th week of intra-uterine life. These patterns are individually unique, permanent and remain unchanged throughout life. Dermatoglyphics has been an important and useful tool for foretelling the future and in criminal investigations. These patterns help in understanding basic questions in medicine, genetics, and evolution. Malocclusion is one of the most commonly reported oral conditions and is widely prevalent. There are sparse reports of dermatoglyphic findings in children with malocclusion and some studies have been reported regarding the same. This review focuses briefly on the spectrum of dermatoglyphic history, types of pattern and its relation with dental malocclusion.

The aim of this study was to determine the constitution of two pozzolan-based bioactive endodontic cement using x-ray dif-fraction analysis.The materials analyzed were Endocem MTA and Endocem Zr (Maruchi, Wonju-si, Korea). XRD sample hold-ers with internal dimensions of 0.1 mm high and a 20.0 mm diameter were used. Samples were presented in powder form on a single crystal sample holder to avoid unwanted diffraction peaks. X-ray diffractometer (XRD, Bruker D2 Phaser, Karlsruhe, Germany) used Ni-filtered CuKa radiation at 30 Kv and 10 mA Cu tube with 1,54184 Å wavelength

The thesis objective is to evaluate ICON as a restorative material to treat white spot lesions, incipient carious lesions or primary carious lesions. To understand the efficiency of ICON in minimally invasive dentistry took the help of NCBI PUBMED. The search terms were mainly primary carious lesions, incipient carious lesions, white spot lesions, and resin infiltration. A total of 2732 articles found. After de-duplication the shortlisted articles were 44. Apart from the NCBI source, the DMG website for ICON was taken as reference and an article published in BMJ regarding aesthetic longevity of treated WSL was taken into consideration.

This study aimed to compare and evaluate the amount of remaining dentin thickness in cervical, middle and apical third after instrumentation with stainless steel k -file [Hand instrumentation] and Neo Endo flex rotary file system by using Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Ten freshly extracted human mandibular single-rooted teeth were selected. IOPA of all the teeth were taken to know the internal morphology. Teeth with simple morphology and single straight root canal were selected. Teeth were randomly assigned to two groups of five samples each. group1: k-file (stainless steel hand instrumentation) group 2: Neo Endo flex (rotary file system).

As a consequence of root canal preparation, dentinal chips, irrigants, and pulp remnants are extruded into preradicular space. This phenomenon may lead to post endodontic flare-ups.Of this study was to compare the amount of extruded debris with three endodontic NiTi engine driven systems.A total number of 63 freshly extracted human molars were selected. Teeth were divided randomly into three equal groups (21 teeth each group) according to type of Ni-Ti rotary file system; (A) Protaper Next, (B) Hyflex CM and (C) Neolix. Standard Access cavity prepared and checked for patency using K file #10 and #15.

There are various methods for managing skeletal discrepancy in Class II division 1 type of malocclusion. The treat-ment results for such malocclusions depend on age, growth status and patient cooperation. There are various appliances for growth modification. This article describes a new appliance, a modified Quad block appliance for correcting the sagittal discrepancy to make optimal use of pubertal growth spurt with maximum patient cooperation. This appliance would also achieve leveling and alignment at the same time.

Restoration of carious teeth is generally done with various restorative materials. Which include Metallic and Non-Metallic materials like Silver Amalgam, Light cured Composite resin, Glass ionomer cement etc. which partially fulfill the objectives of restoration. This in-vitro study was conducted to evaluate the fracture resistance of Silver Amalgam, Light cured Composite resin (Solare sculpt), and an Alkasite restorative material (Centurion N). A total of 30 specimens, with 10 specimens in each of 3 groups were fabricated using Teflon coated stainless steel die with 8.5 mm diameter and 3 mm depth mold space. Group1 – Silver Amalgam, Group 2 – Light cured Composite resin, Group 3- Alkasite Restorative Material (Centurion N). All Samples were tested for fracture resistance by a universal testing machine. The results obtained after fracture were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. The results show a significant difference between the 3 groups with Group 3 Alkasite restorative material exhibits the highest fracture resistance compared to the remaining groups.

This research’s purpose was to build a dental database of a Portuguese military population, to know the frequency and distribu-tion of different medical conditions or pathologies found in each dental piece. In order to meet the goals, this study was based on a sample of 1636 professional military people of the Portuguese Armed Forces. Dental data was collected using the Forensic Dental Symbols® and Dental Encoder® database, Microsoft Excel, and SPSS v.23. Teeth were named following the FDI notation system. The analyzed sample population was composed of 83.4% of men and 16.6% of women. The age group with most individuals was 23 - 27 years with a frequency of 32%. The most frequent code in the 32 teeth was “unrestored”. The younger group (=32 years) had healthier teeth and less missing teeth. Although inconclusive, the dental condition allows individuals classification based on age. The short variability of dental conditions found in the sample, which reflects the population under study, restricts the analysis and, hence, the number of inferences that could be drawn. Studying more heterogenic populations could provide more conclusive results and extraction of additional knowledge from the sample.

Metastasis is the leading cause of fatality in 90% of cancers, and approximately 60% of all cancer cases will have either regional or distant metastasis at initial diagnosis. Global data shows that survival rates drop significantly with the advance of disease stage and metastatic activity; therefore, patients with localized disease have a far better prognosis than those with disseminated tumors. In this aspect, oral squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) is locally invasive neoplasms. Both cancers are considered the worst prognosis cancers with an overall survival rate of 50% or slightly higher. In this review, we summarise the latest data in the literature about the impact of metastasis on oral cancer prognosis and the choice of treatment, emphasizing the urgent need for reliable markers for the early detection and prevention of oral neoplasms to improve the patient outcome.

Maxillary midline diastema is a common esthetic problem that may affect a patient’s self-esteem. Many treatment modalities are available for diastema closure from surgery, orthodontics to composite build-up, veneers and crowns. The choice depends on the extent of the diastema and the malposition associated.A 28-year-old male patient presented with diastema in his upper front teeth associated with important malposition. A preoperative study performed on diagnostic casts led to the choice of partially veneered full coverage zirconia crowns to ensure achieving adequate teeth proportions and gingival levels.

JWS is a syndrome which is characterized by synkinesis:that is when two or more than two muscles which have independent nerve supply, having simultaneous or coordinated movements. In 1883, Marcus Gunn had described a 15-year-old girl with a rare condition of a type of congenital ptosis that showed an associated motion of winking of the affected eyelid on the movement of the jaw. Hence this syndrome also termed as Marcus Gunn phenomenon or Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome.

The purpose of this study is to compare the pain-reducing efficacy of Spilanthes acmella extract and ketorolac Tromethamine when used as an intracanal medication, and oral ibuprofen when administered orally. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with symp-tomatic irreversible pulpitis as determined by patient history and with electric pulp tester (Analytic Technology, Redmond WA) and thermal testing, were included in this study. Patients were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups of Oral ibuprofen, ketorolac trometh-amine and Spilanthes acmella.

Malignant melanoma (MM) of oral cavity is a rare tumor. Primary oral MM represents about 0.2-8% of all melanomas [1]. Intra orally, hard palate and maxillary gingiva are the most common involved sites. Here, we are reporting a case of malignant melanoma of hard palate, due to its rarity, aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis.

Successful dental treatment of children, in regards to relieving their fear, anxiety and discomfort during restorative and surgical procedures, is promoted by profound local anesthesia. Precooling the injection site has been found to be an effective and safe method to alleviate the anxiety in such young children. Numerous methods have been used to minimize pain during injection of local anesthetics (L.A), such as the application of topical anesthetics, warming the local anesthetic agents, adjusting the rate of the infiltration or buffering the local anesthetic.

We all are concerned with oral health maintenance but no one thinks that despite brushing regularly and flossing alone is not sufficient for retaining healthy teeth. Most individuals consume fast foods which are responsible for decreasing the masticatory efficiency of teeth, thereby decreasing oral health maintenance.

The present study aimed to investigate the adverse consequences of inhaled anti-asthmatic medications on dentition and the mechanism by which it can progress to dental caries.

Endodontic treatment has become faster and safer with the development of technologies, allowing effective procedures and greater comfort for both the professional and the patient. The use of Cone Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT) has brought benefits for the pre, trans and post-operatory phases, making it a great tool to evaluate treatment evolution. This study emphasized the follow-up of an extensive periapical radiolucency case, through periapical radiographs and tomographic examinations in 30 days, 150 days and one-year time lapse.

Operating theatres consume a substantial proportion of hospital resource in terms of capital, equipment, drugs and staffing. Whilst there is variation between hospitals as a result of specialty, case-mix and internal financial arrangements, Ideally, hospitals should aim to use 90% of planned theatre time

The purpose of the present In vitro study was to evaluate the amount of touched canal walls of the XPShaper single file system as compared to One Shape single file system.In this study, 16 human permanent mandibular first molars with single oval canaled distal roots were selected, then randomly and equally divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (XPS) and Group 2 (OS). The molars distal halves were separated, then mounted into epoxy resin blocks which were sectioned using ISOMET sectioning saw

Bisphosphonates are synthetic substances of inorganic pyrophosphate that have been based on the treatment of patients with osteolytic diseases, such as multiple myeloma, malignant hypercalcemia Paget disease or patients with bone metastases. Its main pharmacological effect is the inhibition of bone resorption caused by osteoclasts, which have their function diminished. Its adverse effects are infrequent, but include pyrexia, kidney function problems, hypocalcemia and more recently, Maxillomandibular ostenecrosis induced by bofosphonates.

Vertical regeneration of resorbed alveolar ridges in aesthetic areas is a challenging procedure with several anatomic limitations. To allow immediate implant placement with less interference in tissue aesthetics, detailed planning is needed. A few methods of bone reconstruction have been suggested to be performed simultaneous with implant placement, for example given in fresh extraction sockets, guided bone regeneration ensures bone formation in the peri-implant spaces and function as a framework for tissue remodeling.

This study aimed to identify the current state of the art and trends of research using mobile applications in Dentistry through a literature review. Scielo, PubMed databases, using the terms "mobile application", "Dentistry" and "informatics", and in Google Scholar, to cover the gray literature, with the same terms in the english language, without time limitation were searched. The titles and abstracts of all articles found were read independently by two researchers.

Various treatment modalities have been reported for keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KOTs), with different recurrence rates. Enucleation is the complete removal of the cystic lining, but due to the thin and friable lining, the complete removal of KOT become difficult

To determine the prevalence and diameter of the maxillary end osseous canal which carries the anastomosis of the infra alveo-lar artery (a branch of the posterior superior alveolar artery) and the infra- orbital artery

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two electronic apex locators (Root ZX II and Mini Apex Locator) at initial, preflaring, after instrumentation and retreatment stages of root canal therapy.

Dental floss is used commonly in the dental practice to remove plaque(soft tenacious bacterial material deposited over the tooth surfaces),which, if not removed, might eventually lead to the development of gingivitis, gingival pockets and dental caries. Dental floss as an adjunct in oral self care has seen a steady rise in usage over the years. Benefits of using a dental floss is well documented. However little has been written about the effect it sets on the soft tissue wall when pressed against the gingival tissues. In this cross sectional study we aimed to highlight the effect of using dental floss on the periodontal tissues

These are natural and synthetic materials that are used to restore or replace the damaged dental tissue such as enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp, bone and other intrsoral tissue. these include resin based restorative materials, ceramics, titanium implant, matrices, scaffolds, etc.,.

The control of anchorage is increasingly relevant as orthodontic treatment in adult patients, particularly using aesthetic aligners, becomes more common. The application of miniscrews as anchorage has allowed the resolution of complex clinical cases in a short period of time, eliminating some of the complications that present during standard orthodontic treatment, while preserving the patient’s aesthetics.

Anterior crossbite in mixed dentition is commonly encountered malocclusion during occlusion development in children. Pediatric dentist plays crucial role in early diagnosis and providing early orthodontic intervention.

Bilateral pleomorphic adenomas of parotid gland are extremely rare and are reported in 37 cases till date. Its rarity contributes to its poorly understood etiology, pathogenesis and behaviour. Diagnosis based on imaging and microscopic examination helps in early diagnosis.

The knowledge of the epidemiology of odontogenic cysts and tumors is limited in India owing to inadequate data management at primary healthcare level. Therefore, this retrospective study was designed to determine the prevalence of orofacial cysts and tumors in south Indian population according to age and gender.

This study attempted to evaluate the efficacy of Sodium hypochlorite activation using two types of laser; Diode laser and Er: YAG laser utilizing PIPS tip as compared to conventional Sodium hypochlorite syringe irrigation on biofilm eradication, smear layer removal and topographic surface changes.

Oral health is a decisive indicator of the quality of life in children. The cranio-orofacial complex allows the child to spell, talk, read, smile, laugh, kiss, touch, smell, taste, chew... to cry and guarantees protection against microbial infections and environmental threats too.

This study was conducted to evaluate accuracy of CBCT derived digital models in terms of linear measurements compared to direct measurements on dental plaster models for orthodontic space analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the incidence and etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD).Study was conducted from January 2014 to September 2014 at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences.Specifically designed questionnaire proforma was used to collect information about the symptoms and etiology of TMD. The data was statistically analyzed using SPSS Version 17.0.

Anatomical variation in primary molars are rare with prevalence of <0.1% but negligence of such variation will lead to consequence of dental problems in pedodontic clinical practice. The purpose of this article is to discuss about Red ix Entomolaris (RE) in primary first mandibular molar and to describe its clinical significance; a very rare anomalies that are difficult to identify and remain diagnosed.

Crouzon syndrome is the most common syndrome among the craniosynostosis group. Crouzon syndrome accounts for about 4.8% of all of them. It commonly has autosomal dominant inheritance with complete penetrance and variable expressivity from subtle to severe forms and characterized by craniosynostosis, exophthalmos, and hypoplastic maxilla with relative mandibular prognathism. Mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) gene is responsible for the occurrence of this rare genetic disorder

To compare the efficacy of titanium 2-D miniplates and titanium lag screws in treatment of anterior mandibular fracture.A total of 14 patients were treated in our institution with open reduction and internal fixation applying miniplates and lag screws for the anterior mandibular fracture. They were divided equally and randomly into two groups: Group 1 patients were treated with 2-D Titanium miniplates and Group 2 patients with Titanium lag screws. Duration of the surgery was measured from the time of incision placement to the suture placement.

Residual ridge resorption is an inevitable and natural physiologic process which creates a challenging clinical scenario for the prosthodontist in fabrication of complete denture. It significantly affects the retention and stability of the complete denture.

Oral lichen planus has been a mucosal disease of many enigmas in the speciality of oral medicine and pathology due to it’s intertwined pathophysiology, unidentifiable etiologic factors and absence of suitable management regimen to maintain its remission. Unfolding of pathologic progression in order to identify and further ameliorate the key process or etiology causing it’s manifestation. In the present study, we used MMP-9 to get an insight of the histopathological feature of both symptomatic and asymptomatic variants of OLP and compare their expression.

Study via randomized controlled trial design, the effect of irrigation activation via either diode laser or ultrasonic on the post-operative pain, in single visit Endodontic treatment of necrotic single canal teeth. Forty four single canal anterior and premolar teeth with necrotic pulps were equally and randomly allocated to two different final NaOCl irrigation activation protocols