Dental plaque is a major etiologicalagent forgingivitis and periodontists. A hypothesis on the dental plaque was first given by Miller. In his “Nonspecific plaque hypothesis”, he hypothesized that the severity of the diseasedepends uponthe amountof plaque accumulation. Even though it is an old concept, most of our periodontal treatmentstrategies stilldepend on it. By the 1960s with improvementin microscopicimaging techniques, microbial patterns were found tobe highly varying between healthy and diseased individuals, giving rise to “Specific plaque hypothesis”.

Oral diseases are considered public health problems, cavities and periodontal diseases appear among the first ten causes of morbidity, affecting a large percentage of the population. An important tool to know the progression of these pathologies to be able to apply for for preventive measures and promotion, as well as to be able to develop public policies that strengthen the activity of the operational personnel and the health system. This paper aims to recognize the usefulness of developing a system of information exclusive to oral pathologies, as well as to recognize the advances that have been made to reduce the prevalence of oral diseases and the slopes of oral health.

Traditionally, the term pulpotomy has implied the removal of pulp tissue to the cervical line. However, the depth to which tissue is re-moved is determined by clinical judgment. A primary goal of all restorative treatment is to maintain pulp vitality so that normal root development or paedogenesis can occur. If pulpal exposure occurs, then a pulpotomy procedure aims to preserve pulp vitality to allow for normal root development. Historically, calcium hydroxide has been the material of choice for pulpotomy procedures. Recently, an alternative material called mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has demonstrated the ability to induce hard-tissue formation in pulpal tissue. This review describes the different materials used in pulpotomy and their advantages, disadvantages and success in pulpotomy.

This cross-sectional type of descriptive study was conducted among the students of a Dental College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh with a view to estimating the proportion of dental plaque associated with oral hygiene. A total of 300 students were interviewed and examined which were selected purposively. The respondents were selected purposively. Data were collected from the respondents by face to face interviews according to a partially structured questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 20.97 (SD ± 1.76) years. The majority of the respondents (96.7%) were under graduate students. The average monthly income of the family was BDT 24293.33 (SD ± 6809.44)

Sterilization in Orthodontics and particularly in the entire dental practice is an important topic that requires special attention be-cause both the patients and the practitioners have a substantial risk of spreading infections like hepatitis B, pneumonia, tuberculosis and HIV. Control of infection that spreads through various instruments and armamentarium used in the field of orthodontics and also in the dental practice is of utmost importance to prevent cross-infection. The present article reviews various recent methods of sterilization for an effective and efficient infection-free orthodontic practice.

This case report highlights an esthetic replacement of defective metal-ceramic bridge by a ceramic zirconia one after performing the necessary changes in preparations to ensure esthetic and function.

The full dental arch rehabilitation procedures, with extraction, Immediate Implant positioning, and Immediate loading, are some-times the right solutions for patients in terms of perennity, speed of implementation, esthetic and functional requirements. This article aims to establish a non-exhaustive but yet essentiel, list of parameters, supported by unanimously accepted scientific evidence, in order to secure and repeat successfully this kind of quite heavy and delicate procedures.

Oral pills for contraception are a harmless and successful methods of preventing pregnancy used by women in the world. These drugs were first used around the 1960s with different doses of progesterone and estrogen were recorded to produce unnecessary adverse effects like localized osteitis, gingival inflammation, gingival melanosis, changes in salivary components, alterations in salivary flow rate orally. This review article briefs the special effects of contraceptive pills on oral health especially by including many English written reports to evaluate these unwonted effects on the oral cavity and its possible mechanism of action in producing these effects.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shaping ability of the S5 rotary system in relation to the Pro Taper Universal system in preparation for moderately curved root canal their effect on the canal transportation, centering ability and canal curvature change.Collected thirty mesiobuccally root canals of extracted human mandibular first molar were divided into two equal groups; Pro Taper and S5. The samples were mounted in two moulds of acrylic resin for pre-instrumentation imaging us-ing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Porcelain veneers are a common aesthetic treatment strategy, particularly for anterior teeth rehabilitation. Many studieshave been conducted to show the important survival rate of those prosthetic pieces, which is comparable to that of metal ceramic restora-tions. Different dental ceramic systems are available to provide aesthetic solutions. The choice would be based on several parameters such as the shade of the final restoration, but also the prepared teeth, the functional loading: whether it’s on the anterior or the posterior region, the occlusal context...and other technical considerations related to the veneers preparation, manufacturing and bonding

Cyanoacrylates have been used for more than 50 years in surgery. They were initially used as surgical glue. Cyanoacrylates are bio adhesives that were first used for surgery by Coover., et al.in 1959. The use of cyanoacrylate has been extended recently to include maxillofacial procedures like the repair of sinus membrane perforation, dressing for alveolopalatal wounds after alveolar bone grafting, all with a high success rate

Among the most significant events in the evolution of modern prosthodontics is the introduction of lasers. A laser (an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) is a device that produces radiation which is spatially and temporally coherent. In fixed prostheses, lasers find their indications in the management of soft and hard tissues, they are characterized by their precision, their speed as well as the positive response of the tissues treated by this technique in comparison with other surgical techniques.This work will describe the different types of lasers, their uses in fixed prosthodontics, their indications and their interactions with the tissues concerned.

The key factors in achieving successful outcomes after implant placement immediately after a tooth extraction is a correct diagnosis and treatment planning. The efficacy of immediate implant placement has been established and shown to be predictable if reason-able guidelines are followed. The reasons for tooth extraction may include but not limited to the insufficient crown to root ratios, remain-ing root length, periodontal attachment levels, periodontal health of teeth adjacent to the proposed implant sites, unrestorable caries, root fractures with large endodontic posts and questionable teeth in need of endodontic retreatment.

Gingival and periodontal disease has affected humans since the dawn of civilisation. Tooth loss and loss of function are the common sequelae of periodontal disease. The primary reason for maintaining oral health and undergoing regular oral prophylaxis by a profes-sional is reduction and elimination of etiological and contributing factors in periodontal treatment. This review article deals with the various methods of mechanical plaque control as well as the latest advances in the field.

The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the materials and methods in the clinical scenario used for the rehabilitation of individually mutilated teeth using post and core. A PubMed search was carried out systematically to find randomized controlled clinical trials, case reports until December 2018 from January 2008, and issued in single language i.e English associated with the rehabilitation of mutilated teeth. Evidence-based tables were developed by assessing the quality, inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Dental Amalgam is being used in the field of Dental Sciences for more than 150 years. It is the most versatile and excellent filling material and it is still being used due to its low cost, its durability, its resistance to further decay and its strength. It is produced by mixing of mercury with particles such as copper, tin, silver, indium, palladium etc. to produce a workable mass of Amalgam Alloy.

In the dental implant scenario, success rates are higher than 90.0% after five years of implantation, and about 85.0% after 10 years. The introduction of bone-integrated implants (IOS) was with Branemark in 1981. In this sense, there are platforms with HE and the internal hexagon (HI).

A Disabled child is a child that suffers from a mental, physical, medical, or social condition that prevents them from reaching their full potential as human beings due to their condition. Let us think of their suffering and learn how to love them and encourage them to reach their full potential as decent human beings andrespect them with dignity.

This study compared the efficacy of 0.2% chitosancitrate, 1%peracetic acid, 10% glycolic acid, 17% EDTA and saline in endodontic smear layer removal.

A significant question arises in the mind of individuals that are oral health really important for the maintenance of overall systemic health. Well, I can say yes because many studies have supported the relationship of gum diseases (periodontitis) with systemic conditions like high blood sugar (diabetes) and blood pressure (Hypertension). This is really interesting to appreciate that there is two-way relationship between the two conditions which means one is responsible for others.

According to high water and hydroxyapatite absorption by Erbium lasers, it becomes a powerful tool for selective caries removal and soft tissue applications, in this case report we used erbium chromium laser device Er, Cr: YSGG (2780nm), for enamel and dental preparation(class v) for right lower premolars, then did laser bond prep by creating rough surface and gingival contouring, Patient agreed to start cavity preparation without a local anesthetic.

The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the Push-out bond strength of AH Plus root canal sealer after application of calcium hydroxide and double antibiotic paste as intracanal medications in single-rooted extracted human teeth.

An extracted dental piece is no longer an organic waste product, it is crushed and conditioned in such a way that it is used as an autologous graft. To present some cases of alveolar preservation in cases of surgical extraction of third molars as graft material for a vertical increase of the alveolar process to receive oral implants.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the variation of mathematical proportions between widths of maxillary anterior teeth from the golden proportion in patients with narrow, average and wide smiles.Standardised frontal smiling photographs of 30 patients with aesthetically pleasing smile were taken. The buccal corridor widths and inter-commissure distance were measured.

Researchers in the field of dentistry has been conducting research into modelling and defining dental arches equations. Nowadays, when 3D digital modelling is commonly utilized in dentistry, the approach to modelling, analysis and synthesis has changed. Clinical researches are related to aesthetic and functional analysis. The aim of this study was to increase repeatability and accuracy of defining and determining the coordinate system of the jaw as well as defining mathematical criteria for monitoring and evaluating orthodontic treatment.

Advances in digital technology have greatly transformed our everyday lives bringing everything within the reach of our fingertips. Over the years newer technologies have developed based on principles that try to simulate the functioning of the human brain. The vast search in this field has given rise to what is known as artificial intelligence (AI). AI-based diagnosis is gaining importance due to its ability to detect and diagnose lesions that may go unnoticed to the human eye, thereby paving the way for a holistic practice. Artificial intelligence can be a useful modality in the diagnosis and treatment of lesions of the oral cavity and can be employed in screening and clas-sifying suspicious altered mucosa undergoing premalignant and malignant changes. Its various applications in different areas of dentistry has been explained thoroughly in this paper.

To compare the stability of hard and soft tissue around immediate implant with three different treatment modalities, bone grafting in the jumping distance, collagen sponge, and put nothing.

Compare the area occupied by the formation of blood vessels and the area of other cells involved in the osteogenesis process. Similarly, analyze the histological characteristics of the group of cells related to ossification mechanisms.

The prominence of the zygomatic region predisposes it to bear the brunt of facial injuries. Due to the architectural pattern of the mid-face, the zygoma generally fractures at four of its articulations (tetrapod fracture) making displacement possible in multiple planes and directions. Ocular injuries, occlusal disharmony, and cosmetic deformities are sequelae of zygomatic complex fractures.

The presence of sinus septa may cause complications in sinus augmentation surgery for dental implant therapy. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence, location, and morphology of maxillary sinus septa. Eight hundred and twenty-one cone-beam computed tomography scans were retrospectively evaluated for the prevalence, location, and morphology of sinus septa. Age, gender, ethnicity, and dentition status were also evaluated to determine potential relationship of the presence of septa