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Anemia is one of public health problems that are endemic in Turkey and the world and affect children. The cause of anemia that is common in childhood is iron deficiency. While anemia prevalence in childhood period is 4-20% in developed countries, this rate differs between 70-80% in develop in countries. As well as anemia is a global problem it is quite prevalent. Anemia of iron deficiency that is vital forallage groups is seen generally in fifty percent of 0-5 ages children. One of thereasons of half of the deaths are seen under 5 years children groups is anemia and this lay semphasis on this topic. Ministry of Health has started ‘Turkey Like Iron Project’ in 2009 for this important public health problem on the purpose of raising awareness of public about iron deficiency, providing free prophylactic iron support for each baby that is between 4-12 months, suggesting iron deficiency treatment for 13-24 months babies that have anemia. Important datas about type of anemia, causing symptoms and how these syptoms affecet life are acquired by making physical evaluation and detailed health history in 0-5 ages children. Anemia evaluation one of the important responsibility of midwives who make child following. Children must take enough midwifery care about anemia for growing healthy generation. Finally that midwivies have responsibility for evaluating, preventing and treatment of anemia can contribute to preventing and improving of 0-5 years children health.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of phthalate on the early larval development of Alburnus tarichi. Methods: The larva (2 days after hatching) of Alburnus tarichi were exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/L phthalate for 6 days (during yolk sac nutrition), and the levels of estrogen receptor alfa, beta-1 and beta-2, and aromatase B and A mRNA levels were measured. Results: No difference was found in the estrogen receptor alpha, beta-1, beta-2, and aromatase-B mRNA levels with all 3 concentrations of phthalate. However, the aromatase-A mRNA level was significantly increased with 0.1 µg/L of phthalate, while no changes were observed with 1 and 10 µg/L of phthalate. Conclusion: These results suggest that short-time expose to environmentally relative concentrations of phthalate do not significantly affect genes in steroid synthesis during the early larval development of Alburnus tarichi. However, long-term applied studies including external nutrition are need to determination the effect of phthalate on steroid gene expression.

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the effect of newborn umbilical cord properties on cord separation time. Methods: The analytical study was conducted in a western university hospital with 90 mothers and newborns between September 1, 2015 and September 1, 2016. The research has two stages. At the first stage, maternal and newborn characteristics were evaluated at postpartum period day 0. At the second stage of the research, the mother was called at least 15 days after the first interview and the cord separation time form was filled. Number and percentage distributions were determined, and t test, Mann Whitney U analysis are utilized. Results: 63.3% of newborns are born between 38-41th gestational week. 86.7% of them were born with caesarean section and they were found to have a mean weight of 3099 ± 48 gr and a length of 49.85 ± 2.42 cm. The umbilical cord clamp median distance was 2 cm, and the cord periphery median was 1.5 cm. The cord separation time was 8.5 days on average. 82.2% of the newborns were found to have no umbilical care and were left dry, and 14 (15.6%) developed umbilical cord infections. Statistical significance was determined between the birth type of the newborns, the Rh disagreement status and the umbilical cord separation time (p <0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between the umbilical cord clamp distance, the cord periphery and the cord separation time (p> 0.05). Conclusion: No relation was found between the umbilical cord characteristics (clamp distance and cord circumference length) of the newborns and the cord separation time. But in newborns born with caesarean section, the cord separation time is longer, and in newborns with RH dispute problems, it is shorter.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of reflexology on alleviating perimenstrual distress. Methods: This is a randomized controlled experimental study. The research population was 585 young women. Two groups of 47 were randomly selected from 94 participants with high perimenstrual distress scores. There were those who left the study for different reasons. The reflexology group of the study was completed with 31 people and the routine treatment group (NSAID Treatment) was completed with 33 people. Both groups were given nursing training to alleviate perimenstrual distress by the researcher. Participants were followed by six cycles, two cycles before reflexology, two cycles during reflexology and two cycles after reflexology. During the two cycles (eight sessions), reflexology was applied to the ears, hands and feet once a week for half an hour. As data collection tool; “The Personal Introduction Form”, “The Personal Pursuit Form” and “The Menstrual Distress Questionaire (MDQ)” were used. Results: Reflexology decreased 46.54% of menstrual period symptoms and 44.99% of premenstrual symptoms. In the first cycle applied reflexology; There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of reflexology group and routine treatment group in menstrual and premenstrual periods (p = 0.33, 0.35). In the second cycle, the reflexology group scores were lower in menstrual and premenstrual periods than in the routine treatment group, which was statistically significant (p = 0.02, 0.01). Significant difference persisted after reflexology was discontinued.Conclusion: For young women with perimenstrual complaints, reflexology may be recommended as a complementary treatment to reduce the severity of symptoms

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Objective: It was planned to determine the problems experienced by nurses working in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The study is a qualitative, phenomenological study and the study was conducted between January and October 2019.17 NICU nurses working in different hospitals participated. In the data collection form created by the researchers; the first part of social demographic data consists of eight questions and the second part of the study consists of 12 open ended questions. The data were coded by the researchers and thematic analysis was performed. Results: The mean age of the nurses participating in the study was 29.13. The average working time in the NICU is 5.73 years. Educational conditions; 15 of them are university graduates, 2 of them are high school graduates and 7 nurses are married. Four themes were identified as a result of the study: health problems, psychosocial problems, occupational problems and ethicalspiritual problems. Conclusion: Nurses experience health problems such as varicose veins due to working in the NICU. Psychologically, socially and economically negatively affected. They carry risks in terms of occupational diseases. There are problems affecting the patient care, such as insufficiencies in the number and quality of healthcare workers, shortage of equipment and materials, exceeding the number of patients per nurse and decreasing the quality of care. It was determined that they had communication problems with their teammates, families and superiors. Ethically; disturbances in violation of the principle of usefulness, autonomy, justice and equality

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