Knee brace consists of a bending frame and a knee member which is connected to the beams and columns in the form of diagonal. The lateral intensity of the frame depends on the plasticity of joints and knee member. In this paper the effect of knee brace geometrical parameters in the lateral intensity of the structure were studied by ABAQUS software. As a result of roofs lateral displacement were observed that lateral displacements of all studying models are studied in the regulations. The amount of lateral displacement of systems by TKBF cross and knee bracing has been in the amount of lateral displacements of EBF2, CBF1 (2.6Mp/Vp)models. In models by TKBF cross and knee bracing with increasing the ratio of b/B and h/H; the lateral displacement of system increases.

During the recent years, increased traffic load, axis load and tire pressure have influenced asphalt mixtures functions and has decreased transportation and shortened their lifetime. Although asphalt mixture function depends up on its material properties, precise design and manufacturing quality, using Nano materials and crumb rubber in asphalt mixture is improving for asphalt function enhancements. The study purpose is to investigate the impact of using Nano clay and crumb rubber together on mechanical properties of binder layer asphalt mixtures by Marshall and conventional bitumen tests by modifying the bitumen properties by the crumb rubber and substitution of usual fillers by Nano clay. In this study the crumb rubber (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 weight percent of bitumen) was mixed with the pure bitumen 60-70 in wet method and the Nano clay was used with 5 different weight percent (from 1 to 5 weight percent of the aggregates). The study results showed that Marshall strength increased by increasing Nano clay and crumb rubber composition in the mix, and the highest strength obtained with 10% crumb rubber and 5% Nano clay portions. In addition, by increasing Nano clay-crumb rubber portion in the asphalt mixture, compared to the control sample, the aggregate pore volume increased, the total pore volume of the whole mixture was relatively increased and the mixture special gravity was slightly decreased. Also, by doing the bitumen tests it was observed that the modified bitumen thermal sensitivity decreased and its viscosity and penetration degree increased by increasing the crumb rubber portion.

Knee brace consists of a bending frame and a knee member which is connected to the beams and columns in the form of diagonal. The lateral intensity of the frame depends on the plasticity of joints and knee member. In this paper the effect of knee brace geometrical parameters in the lateral intensity of the structure were studied by ABAQUS software. As a result of roofs lateral displacement were observed that lateral displacements of all studying models are studied in the regulations. The amount of lateral displacement of systems by TKBF cross and knee bracing has been in the amount of lateral displacements of EBF2, CBF1 (2.6Mp/Vp)models. In models by TKBF cross and knee bracing with increasing the ratio of b/B and h/H; the lateral displacement of system increases.