The production of Portland cement, resulting in the release of CO2 gas, excessive energy and natural resource consumption, has led to search for alternative materials with similar physical and mechanical properties to the Portland cement of the scientific community. Geopolymers as alternative to conventional cement have a great potential for use in terms of their mechanical and durability properties. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the usability of a new material alternative to cement, to reduce the environmental impact and for the disposal of Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS), which is produced in large quantities in the primary target world and in Turkey and which causes storage space bottleneck. For this purpose, the mechanical and microstructure of the activated EAFS exposed to different curing conditions at three different sodium concentrations with a silicate module was investigated. When the results are examined, it is obvious that the strength increases with the increase of the sodium concentration. In addition, the literature on which alkali activation of EAFS has been added for the first time.

Contamination on cotton fibers is one of the most important problems that shows itself on yarn and fabric. Contamination usually consists of plant leafs, parts, etc. on the cotton and this situation occurs during the harvesting and transporting. Also contamination occurs by bale pieces such as burlap, nylon and polypropylene residues. Developed technologies are using for selection of the foreign material in blowroom and bobbin processes, but it is not possible to completely remove the foreign material from the yarn. In general, the amount of foreign material in the local cotton is more than the US cotton. In this study, yarn production is made in the same specifications with local and US cotton, then yarn foreign material cuttings on bobbin machine and yarn quality values are compared. According to the results, it is seen that yarns produced by US cotton have less contamination than the yarns produced by local cotton. With this situation it is determined that, despite less contamination, yarn technical values of US cotton is worse than local cotton.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) were synthesized via a biosynthesis method using marine algae Enteromorpha spp. extract as a biological reductant agent in this study. Moreover, the total phenolic content of Enteromorpha spp. was found as 9.81± 4.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry algae. The biosynthesized IO-NPs were characterized by zeta potential, DLS, SEM/EDX, and FTIR analysis methods and also the formation of IO-NPs was approved with the UV-vis spectrum. The characteristic surface plasmon resonance (?SPR, nm) value showing the formation of IO-NPs was observed at nearly 410 nm in terms of UV–vis analysis. According to DLS analysis results, the mean hydrodynamic diameter of IO-NPs was determined as 78.83 nm. According to SEM results, spherical nanoparticles are formed, and EDX analysis showed that the signals in the Fe and O elements confirmed the formation IO-NPs. According to FT-IR analysis results, the formation of IO-NPs was approved by the absorption bands at 599.83, and 475 cm-1, which corresponded to the Fe-O stretches of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3. Subsequently, the synthesized IO-NPs were utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the optimum adsorption environmental conditions and the equilibrium, kinetics, and mass transfer modeling was also evaluated. The optimum adsorption conditions were found as initial pH 5.0; temperature 35°C, initial Cu2+ concentration 275 mg/L, and adsorbent concentration 0.5 g/L. The experimental equilibrium data were in the best agreement with Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum monolayer coverage capacity of IO-NPs for Cu2+ adsorption found to be 188.68 mg/g at optimum temperature value of 35°C. The adsorption kinetic data were consistent with the pseudo second order kinetic model, and Weber Morris model showed that both the film (boundary layer) and intraparticle diffusion affected the adsorption process.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate nutritional strategies that will increase the concentration of the conjugated linoleic acid in milk to produce functional milk with regard to health benefits in dairy cow. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers are naturel fatty acids in foods obtained from ruminants.The main substrates for biohydrogenation are linoleic acid and linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid. It has been identified 54 different conjugated linoleic acid isomers that have beneficial biological activity. cis-9, trans-11 18:2 and trans-10, cis-12 18: are most bioactive isomers of CLA. In milk fat, the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is found in major amounts more than trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid. Conjugated linoleic acid is first produced as an intermediate product during the biohydrogention in the rumen of dietary linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Another major pathway of conjugated linoleic acid synthesis in dairy cows is endogenous synthesis in the mammary gland. Dietary cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is of great interest due to its health benefits known to a cancer chemopreventive and antiatherogenic. Therefore, many researchers have looked for ways of increasing the amount of conjugated linoleic acid in cow milk. For this pupurpose, researchers have adopted two approaches. The first approach is to make dietary changes to increased the natural conjugated linoleic acid production of cow. The second approach is to feed with mixtures of conjugated linoleic acid isomers protected against microbial biological hydrogenation in the rumen. As a result, as consumers continue to be aware of the relationship between diet and health, increased conjugated linoleic acid level of milk may provide new market opportunities for milk and milk products as functional food.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate nutritional strategies that will increase the concentration of the conjugated linoleic acid in milk to produce functional milk with regard to health benefits in dairy cow. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers are naturel fatty acids in foods obtained from ruminants.The main substrates for biohydrogenation are linoleic acid and linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid. It has been identified 54 different conjugated linoleic acid isomers that have beneficial biological activity. cis-9, trans-11 18:2 and trans-10, cis-12 18: are most bioactive isomers of CLA. In milk fat, the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is found in major amounts more than trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid. Conjugated linoleic acid is first produced as an intermediate product during the biohydrogention in the rumen of dietary linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Another major pathway of conjugated linoleic acid synthesis in dairy cows is endogenous synthesis in the mammary gland. Dietary cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is of great interest due to its health benefits known to a cancer chemopreventive and antiatherogenic. Therefore, many researchers have looked for ways of increasing the amount of conjugated linoleic acid in cow milk. For this pupurpose, researchers have adopted two approaches. The first approach is to make dietary changes to increased the natural conjugated linoleic acid production of cow. The second approach is to feed with mixtures of conjugated linoleic acid isomers protected against microbial biological hydrogenation in the rumen. As a result, as consumers continue to be aware of the relationship between diet and health, increased conjugated linoleic acid level of milk may provide new market opportunities for milk and milk products as functional food.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate nutritional strategies that will increase the concentration of the conjugated linoleic acid in milk to produce functional milk with regard to health benefits in dairy cow. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers are naturel fatty acids in foods obtained from ruminants.The main substrates for biohydrogenation are linoleic acid and linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid. It has been identified 54 different conjugated linoleic acid isomers that have beneficial biological activity. cis-9, trans-11 18:2 and trans-10, cis-12 18: are most bioactive isomers of CLA. In milk fat, the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is found in major amounts more than trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid. Conjugated linoleic acid is first produced as an intermediate product during the biohydrogention in the rumen of dietary linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Another major pathway of conjugated linoleic acid synthesis in dairy cows is endogenous synthesis in the mammary gland. Dietary cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid is of great interest due to its health benefits known to a cancer chemopreventive and antiatherogenic. Therefore, many researchers have looked for ways of increasing the amount of conjugated linoleic acid in cow milk. For this pupurpose, researchers have adopted two approaches. The first approach is to make dietary changes to increased the natural conjugated linoleic acid production of cow. The second approach is to feed with mixtures of conjugated linoleic acid isomers protected against microbial biological hydrogenation in the rumen. As a result, as consumers continue to be aware of the relationship between diet and health, increased conjugated linoleic acid level of milk may provide new market opportunities for milk and milk products as functional food.

The objectives of the present work were to investigate and to model the convective hot air-drying characteristics of carrot, zucchini and eggplant at different drying air temperatures (60, 70 and 80 oC). Drying characteristics were determined by the plot of moisture loss of samples versus drying time in 10 min intervals for each drying air temperatures. The experimental moisture data were then fitted to selected thin layer drying models available in the literature, namely Henderson and Pabis, Newton and the two-term models and good agreements between experimental and predicted values of moisture contents were observed (R2>0.98). Results showed that all drying took place in falling rate period for all samples at all drying air temperatures studied. Increase in drying air temperature from 60 oC to 80 oC resulted in a decrease of total drying time 35%, 45% and 50% for carrot, zucchini and eggplant respectively. Drying rate constants (a, b, k, k0 and k1) increased with the increasing drying air temperature. Comparison between experimental and predicted values of moisture content versus drying air temperature indicated that the most suitable models for carrot, zucchini and eggplant drying were two-term, Henderson and Pabis and Newton respectively at 60 oC, two-term, Henderson and Pabis and Newton model at 70 oC and two-term, Henderson and Pabis and Newton model at 80 oC drying air temperature respectively.

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is grown as a spice crop all over the World. Its essential oil is used as a flavor ingredient, but it also has a long history as a traditional medicine. Coriander essential oil and extracts possess promising antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidative activities as various chemical components in different parts of the plant, which thus play a great role in maintaining the shelf-life of foods by preventing their spoilage. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different humic acid doses on some agronomical characteristics and essential oil ratio of coriander in Yozgat ecological condition at Research and Application Area of Gedikhasanli, Faculty of Agriculture, Yozgat Bozok University during 2015-2016. Two coriander cultivars (Arslan and Gurbuz) and different humic acid doses (Dose-1: Control, Dose-2:100 L ha-1, Dose-3:200 L ha-1, and Dose-4: 300 L ha-1) were used in the study. Spring and winter sowings were made on April 17, 2015 and on October 29, 2015, respectively. According the results of this study; the main values in plant height, number of branches per plant, number of umbel per plant, number of seed per umbel, first branch height, a thousand seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, stalk yield, harvest index, essential oil ratio, and yield were recorded as 39-77 cm, 3-5 number, 5-17 number, 21-52 number, 15-23 cm, 8-16 g, 1000-5900 kg ha-1, 300-2300 kg ha-1, 600-3700 kg ha-1, 30-75%, 0.2-0.5%, and 60-800 L ha-1, respectively. While values obtained from winter sowing are higher than sipring sowing. The best results were obtained from cv. Arslan and 100-200 L ha-1 humic acid doses.

New and improved genetic engineered variants of fluorescent proteins (FPs) have become useful tools for bioimaging in biomedical researches. Red fluorescent proteins (RFPs) first derived from the sea anemone Discosoma show high performance in vivo labeling and imaging. mCherry is a member of RFPs which has very high photostability, resistant to photo bleaching and rapid maturation. These advantages ensure that mCherry can be successfully fused to many proteins and widely used for quantitative imaging techniques. In this study, the constructed recombinant plasmid pBADCherry was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(AI) then culture conditions, inducer concentration and induction time were optimized. Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis demonstrated that 5 hours induction at 0.04% of arabinose concentration was optimal for the highest mCherry yield. The expression of hexa histidine-tagged (6xHis) recombinant mCherry was induced by arabinose and purification performed using nickel (Ni2+) affinity chromatography. High throughput expression of 81 mg fluorescent protein from a liter of E. coli culture carried out in bioreactor.

In this study, it was aimed to develop alternative prediction models for estimating the compressive strengths of concrete with different concrete classes and different slump values. An experimental study based on repetitive vibration application was performed in the laboratory environment and prediction models were developed on the basis of fuzzy logic with reference to this experimental study. In the experimental study, the concretes which are in C20 and C35 and have K3, K5 settlement values were produced and determined compressive strengths of the concretes which hides in suitable conditions after 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes, 7 and 28 days, respectively. Other results are evaluated with considering the 28 day concrete strength of concretes which once-vibrated. The concrete pressure endurance of the vibration time and its repeated applications are predicted by the graphical representation of fuzzy logic methods. The compressive strength values obtained from the prediction models and the compressive strength values of the experimental data were compared and evaluated. As a result, it is seen that the prediction of the concrete pressure endurance with the fuzzy model is possible and the fuzzy model is predicted more accurately to the concrete pressure endurance.

It has been known for many years that microorganisms can grow and proliferate on textile material. Other than clothes, the objects that humans mostly contact with are their mattresses. In this study, it was aimed to produce an antibacterial film in order to prevent growth and proliferation of various bacteria which are dangerous for human health in mattresses and to make mattresses hygienic since they cannot be changed in a short time. In the study, extracts were first obtained from Saponaria officinalis L., Oxalis acetosella L., Althaea officinalis L., Lavandula officinalis L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Thymus vulgaris L., Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr at Perry plants. The extracts were used individually and combined to form experimental groups. The antibacterial effects of the extracts were examined by disc-diffusion method applied on Gram-positive rods, Gram-negative rods, Gram-positive cocci and Bacilli colonies obtained from mattresses. In addition, the colony counts were also carried out in total MAB culture. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that S. aromaticum and L. officinalis + all extracts had the highest inhibitory effect. By using S. aromaticum extract, xanthan gum, propylene glycol, tween-20 and distilled water, an antibacterial film, which may provide long-term hygiene in mattresses, was produced. The obtained gel was lyophilized and made available for use. As a result of this study, it was foreseen that with the development of the obtained product, 4-5 million people (e.g., dorm, hospital, hotel) could be protected from the diseases transmitted from mattresses, the money spent on the chemicals used for hygiene and the damages caused by these chemicals on human and environmental health could be reduced, mattresses used for long periods of time could be made healthy, and mattresses can be made hygienic in a cost-effective, practical and natural manner.

In this paper it is aimed to determine which of the protein features or attributes is the most significant for classification of proteins according to their folds. Proteins in the database used in this study are represented by six feature groups called attributes and by a 125-dimensional feature vector. The representation of proteins with very high dimensional vectors such as 125 causes increasing computational load of the classification process and extending the process time. In this study “dimension reduction” solution is offered for this negative situation. Hence, with two different approaches, the features and attributes having high classification performance are determined. In the first approach, which attribute gives higher performance is determined by testing separately each of the six attributes. In the second approach, the most significant of the 125 features are determined using Divergence Analysis method. In this study, a classic classifier KNN (K-nearest neighbor) and artificial neural network models GAL (Grow and Learn) and SOM (Self-Organizing Map) networks are used as classifier and classification performance is analyzed for reduced dimension datasets.

The competitive environment observed in the international construction sector has reflected in the Turkish construction sector through joint projects. In order to achieve competitive advantage in joint construction projects and to achieve success against national competitors, it is necessary to review resource selection strategies. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to look at the resource selection criteria of the construction companies in terms of International Resource-Based Theory. The 77 resources of the construction firms reviewed during this study were evaluated by taking into consideration their ability to be strategic resource and their competitive advantages. In this study, the Building Information Modelling (BIM) tools and technique, which has been spoken as a resource that will benefit competition in Turkey in recent years, was discussed as an objective and the research problem was whether BIM is a strategic resource or not. In the resource evaluation process, resources should be listed and evaluated by firm employees and managers. In the survey conducted for this purpose, construction firms were asked to select the resources they already had from the resource pool of the research and to score only 9 important resources. To establish vertical hierarchy and horizontal relationships, the obtained results of the evaluation were analyzed by using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) method. In the established hierarch, the objective was BIM and the selection criteria were VRIO criteria including Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Organization, which are the resource selection criteria of the Resource-Based Theory. The scores obtained as a result of the survey study applied to the Turkish construction firms were reflected to the ANP technique. While the data processed with the Super Decisions software provides numerical and quantitative comparisons of resources in the construction sector, it also points to a selected set of resources that can work with BIM.

The use of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment has gained importance. Nano-structured adsorbents have good adsorption potential due to their properties such as large surface area. In this study, removal of AO74 (Acid Orange 74) from the waters with TiO2nanoparticles were investigated. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) spectrometer techniques were used to characterize the synthesized products. Stability analysis was performed by zeta potential analysis. The anatase phase of the TiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD analysis. The SEM micrographs revealed the spherical-like morphology with average diameter of about 32 nm which agrees with XRD results. FTIR spectra show the vibrational mode of TiO2 around 600 cm-1. Absorption peak in the UV region at 320 nm are observed. This peak is characteristics of nano-sized TiO2nanoparticles. If the measured zeta potential absolute value is greater than 35 mV, it can be said that the produced nanofluid is stable. The zeta potential value greater than 35 mV in all measurements in this study, so that the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticle is stable in the fluid medium. pH (2-5), contact time (10-120 min) and initial dye concentration (20-100 mg / L) were investigated to determine the adsorption potential of TiO2 nanoparticles. The optimum parameters for adsorption of AO74 were determined as pH and contact time, respectively: 5 and 75 minutes. The adsorption system is compatible with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. As a result, TiO2 nanoparticles were identified as suitable adsorbent for removal of AO74.