Aim: The causes of prostate cancer development and molecular mechanism underlying its development and progression are not clearly understood. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of G1733A (rs6152) polymorphism of the androgen receptor (AR) gene among patients with prostate cancer, and to examine the role of this polymorphism in the development of prostate cancer. Method: DNA samples isolated from 96 individuals (49 patients with prostate cancer and 47 controls) were analyzed with real time-polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR) in order to determine G1733A (rs6152) polymorphism genotypes and allele frequencies in the AR gene. The results were evaluated statistically. Results: Genotype frequency was determined as 91% GG and 9% AG among the controls, and 67% GG and 33% AG among the patients. G allele frequency was 95% in controls and 83% in patients, whereas A allele frequency was 5% in controls and 17% in patients. There was a statistically significant difference between patient and control groups regarding genotype frequency (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, we can infer that G1733A (rs6152) polymorphism of the AR gene plays a role in development of prostate cancer in the Turkish population.

Aim: Serum uric acid is a risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The role of uric acid as a renal and cardiac risk factor is more prominent in subjects with diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In present retrospective analyze, we aimed to compare serum uric acid levels of subjects with well and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy population. Methods: Patients with T2DM, who admitted to outpatient clinics of our institution between April 2017 and January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Diabetic subjects grouped into well or poorly regulated T2DM groups according to the HbA1c level (patients with an HbA1c lower than 7% were grouped as well regulated while others grouped as poorly regulated T2DM). Control subjects were healthy individuals whom asked for a routine check-up in our institution. Clinical and laboratory parameters of the study groups compared. Results: Serum uric acid levels of well-controlled T2DM, poorly controlled T2DM and control groups were 5.9±1, 6.7±1.8 and 4.3±1 mg/dL, respectively (p<0.001). Post Hoc analysis revealed that uric acid levels of well controlled diabetics were significantly lower than the uric acid levels of poorly controlled diabetics (p=0.04) and significantly higher than that of the control subjects (p<0.001). Conclusion: We suggest that elevated uric acid indicates a cellular level of damage and can be used as a prognostic indicator of pre-diabetes and T2DM.

Aim: Preterm infants encounter hyperoxia relatively early on as they leave the intrauterine environment earlier than expected, while also being exposed to a higher level of hyperoxic stress due to insufficiencies in their antioxidant defense mechanisms. With that in mind, we investigate whether running exercises performed during pregnancy can contribute to the development of tolerance to neonatal hyperoxic brain damage. Method: While two female rats maintained a sedentary pregnancy, one female rat performed the mandatory running exercise for 30 minutes for five days a week throughout the pregnancy. Following delivery, the sedentary rats and the exercised rat were kept together with their offspring for five days at oxygen concentrations above 80 percent in order to induce brain damage. The offspring were sacrificed on postnatal Day 7 and brain/body ratio measurements were obtained. Results: The brain/body ratios in the control, hyperoxia and exercise-hyperoxia groups were found to be median (IQR) 0.074(0.68-0.77), 0.065(0.06-0.067) and 0.064(0.060-0.068), respectively. The brain/body ratios of the offspring of the mothers in the hyperoxia group were found to be significantly lower than the control group (p=0.002), irrespective of exercise (p=0.007). No statistically significant difference was noted between the offspring of the sedentary and the exercised mothers in the hyperoxia group (p=0.94). Conclusion: Hyperoxia was found to result in lower brain mass relative to total body mass. This finding, which indicates the presence of microcephaly, reflects the negative effects of hyperoxia on brain development. Contrary to expectations, exercises performed during pregnancy had no significant effect on the brain/body weight ratio of the offspring

Aim: Research into the different treatment methods based on the intrauterine lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) model, as one of the main causes of morbidity in preterm infants still continues to be relevant. The present study investigates the effect on PVL of salidroside obtained from Rhodiola Rosea (golden root, orpin rose), which is a plant with known for its medicinal qualities. Method: To develop an induced PVL model, a 500 microgram/kg dose of LPS (Escherichia coli, serotype 055:B5, Sigma) was applied to two pregnant rats intraperitoneally on day 18, day 19 and day 20 of gestation. One of the LPS applied rats was given 25 mg/kg salidroside (250 mg Rhodiola root extract capsules, which include 3 mg salidroside) by oral gavage (LPS+Salidroside), and a physiological saline solution was given to the control group. After delivery, 10 offspring of the LPS-applied mother, nine offspring of the LPS+Salidrosideapplied mother and seven offspring of the control mother were sacrificed on postnatal day 7 with ether anesthesia. The caspase enzyme located in apoptosis pathways of 10 percent neutral-buffered formalin fixed brain tissue was stained immunohistochemically, and apoptotic cells were counted. Results: No statistically significant difference was noted between the LPS+Salidroside group and the control group, while a statistically significant difference was noted between the LPS and LPS+Salidroside groups. It was observed that salidroside reduced LPS induced apoptosis. Conclusion: The intended experimental neuroprotective effect of salidroside usage was provided through the inhibition of apoptosis in a PVL-damaged brain.

Aims: The prognostic value of blood pressure and the association between these parameters and cardiovascular conditions have been established in literature. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between peripheral blood pressure parameters with degree of coronary collateral development (CCD) in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) subjects with established critical artery stenosis. Methods: A total of 363 patients with stable angina pectoris undergoing coronary arteriography were enrolled and divided on the basis of the development of CCD into two groups: group with adequate CCD (n=120) and group with inadequate CCD (n=243). Peripheral blood pressure parameters were evaluated before coronary arteriography. Results: Peripheral diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels were significantly higher in the inadequate CCC group (81.5±10.7 vs 77.9±9.9, p=0.02 and 100.6±11.8 vs 96.6±9.3, p<0.001). In Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that, Peripheral DBP and MAP levels were significantly correlated with Rentrope Collateral Grading (r= 0.26, p<0.003 and r=0.29, p<0.001, respectively). ROC curve analysis of MAP and DBP for prediction of inadequate. At the cut-off value of > 99,8mmHG, sensitivity and specificity of MAP were 57% and 69%, respectively. At the cut-off value of >79,5 mmHg, sensitivity and specificity of DBP were 72% and 42%, respectively. Conclusion: The present study suggests that peripheral DBP and MAP levels may be associated with degree of collateral development in chronic stable CAD. Low peripheral DBP and MAP in the case of severe coronary stenosis in stable CAD may be an important stimulus for coronary collateral development.