Dizziness is one of the most common symptoms that should be considered more frequently because it causes a decrease in labor force and impacts significantly on quality of life in the affected individuals. Symptomatological and hematological evaluations are very effective on the treatment approach as well as supporting the diagnosis.

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of evening primrose oil (EPO) on colonic anastomosis. Methods: Sixty rats with colonic anastomosis were randomly divided into six groups. EPO and 5Fluorouracil (5-FU) were administered at doses of 5 g/kg/day and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively. Group 1 served as sham control. The rats in Group 2 (EPO) received EPO (14 days preoperatively), in Group 3 (Extended EPO) received EPO (14 days preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively), in Group 4 (5FU) received intraperitoneally 5-FU (5 days preoperatively), in Group 5 (5-FU+EPO) received EPO (14 days preoperatively), and 5-FU (5 days preoperatively), in Group 6 (5-FU+ extended EPO) received EPO (14 days preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively) and 5-FU (5 days preoperatively). Histopathological examination, bursting pressure, and hydroxyproline content were used for evaluation. Results: Significant differences were found between the Groups 1, 2, and 3 and Groups 4, 5, and 6 in bursting pressures. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) and lymphocyte infiltration was significantly less in group 3, compared to the control and group 2. The least PMNL infiltration was in group 6 compared to groups 4 and 5. The hydroxyproline level was different in group 3 compared to the control and group 2. Furthermore, groups 5 and 6 were different compared to group 4. Conclusion: EPO had favorable effects on colonic anastomosis even in groups where 5-FU was used.

Aim: To evaluate the role of N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) in the evaluation of hypervolemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its relationship with CKD. Methods: Sixty compensated chronic kidney disease patients enrolled in this study. NT-pro BNP levels and other routine biochemical laboratory parameters are studied. The associations between results were analyzed. Results: NT-pro BNP levels were correlated with urea (r = 0.66, p <0.01), creatinine (r = 0.69, p <0.01) and phosphorus (r = 0.36, p <0.01) values and were negative correlated with hemoglobin (r = -0.32, p = 0.01), hematocrit (r = -0.36, p <0.01), albumin (r = -0.29, p = 0.02) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values (r = -0.35, p <0.01). Conclusion: The positive correlation between NT-pro BNP levels and urea and creatinine values in our study and the negative correlation with GFR support that the severity of hypervolemia increases as the CKD stage progresses. BNP and NT-pro BNP are strong predictors of all-cause cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic CKD patients. In the light of all these data, it is possible to suggest that NT-pro BNP is associated with hypervolemia and therefore increased cardiovascular mortality in subjects with CKD.

Aim: To compare the blood renalase and cerebellin-1 levels of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients with healthy subjects. Method: A total of 33 eyes with acute naïve CSC (less than 2 months duration) and 31 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Idiopathic CSC was diagnosed based on the presence of a serous detachment of the neurosensory retina involving the macula that was confirmed using optical coherence tomography and leakage at the retinal pigment epithelium level using fluorescein angiography. Blood samples were collected and centrifuged at 4000 g for 10 minutes. The serum samples were collected and stored at -80 °C until required for analysis. Serum renalase and cerebellin-1 levels were measured using an ELISA kit. Results: In CSC group 11 patients were female and 22 patients were male. In control group 10 participants were female and 20 were male. The sex was similar between groups. Mean age in CSC group was 41, 04±5, 94, in control group was 40, 67±6, 53. Mean ages were similar between groups. Mean renalase levels in CSC group was 27, 19±14, 01 ng/ml and in control group was 19, 12±15, 57 ng/mL. Mean renalase level was higher in CSC group. Mean cerebellin levels were 57, 76±29, 72 pg/mL and 52, 50±29, 25 pg/mL in CSC and in control groups, respectively. Mean cerebellin levels were similar in groups. Conclusion: Comparing with healthy subjects serum renalase levels were higher and cerebellin-1 levels were similar in CSC patients.

Aim: To examine whether the application of intra-articular lavage during arthroscopic joint fracture surgery can disturb fracture union and cartilage healing. Metods: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were then randomly divided into 3 groups; these groups consisted of 2 surgical groups including eight rabbits and a control group consisting of 4 rabbits. After both rear limbs exposed with a medial parapatellar incision, medial femoral condyle was fractured. Four groups were created by doing anatomic reduction or non-anatomic reduction and making irrigation or no irrigation. (Group 1: Fixed by creating a gap and no Irrigation; Group 2: Fixed by creating a gap and irrigation; Group 3: Fixed with complete reduction and no irrigation; Group 4: Fixed with complete reduction and irrigation) X-rays of both knees of all rabbits were taken at the end of the second week and at the end of the eighth week. The operated knees were collected for histopathological analysis. Results: Radiological data show a significant difference in the level of ossification between the groups in the 2nd week; however, this difference was lost in the 8th week. Histopathologically, at the end of week 8, it was observed that the subchondral bone tissue was incompletely renewed in all the groups. The cartilage tissue of the joint surface was not fully formed and renewed and that it did not completely coalesce with the old cartilage tissue in all of the groups. Compared with the other groups, the group that fracture was anatomically reducted with no irrigation (Group 1), the cartilaginous tissue layer formed was thicker while the surface of the tissue was flatter. Conclusion: There were no adverse effects of intra-articular lavage on fracture union and cartilage healing in an in vivo environment. Nonetheless, the findings of this study should be confirmed with a larger sample size.

Aim: To investigate the role of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values preoperatively. Methods: A total of 30 women between the ages of 14-75 years (mean, 47, 6 years) with 30 histopathologically verified breast lesions were investigated in this study. The patients were examined by a 1, 5 T MRI device using bilateral phased array breast coil. Spin echo planar diffusion imaging was used to scan patients. Images were obtained by b values 0 and 500 seconds/mm². Mean ADC values of the benign and malignant lesions were measured and calculated. The comparison between the histopathological diagnoses and the mean ADCs were performed by Mann Whitney U test. Results: The diagnosis of 30 patients with 30 breast lesions were as follows; malign lesions (n=13), benign lesions (n=17). The ADC values were as follows (in units of 10-3mm² /sec): benign breast lesions (range: 1, 09-1, 98, mean: 1, 45) and malignant breast lesions (range: 0, 59-1, 08, mean: 0, 76). The mean ADC obtained from malignant breast lesions was statistically different from that observed in benign solid lesions (p<0, 01). Conclusion: Diffusion imaging can be used in differentiation of malign and benign breast lesions.

Aim: To investigate the incidence of unexpected malignant and premalignant gynecological pathological findings among women who underwent hysterectomy due to pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical reports of women who underwent hysterectomy for POP between 2007 and 2019 were investigated to reveal unexpected malignant and premalignant lesions. The possible relationship between pathological results and other variables was evaluated statistically. Results: The hysterectomy was performed by abdominal (160, 30.53%), laparoscopic (62%, 11.83%) and vaginal approaches (302, 57.63%) in 524 patients with POP indication. Thirty five patients (6.67%) had unexpected premalignant or malignant pathological findings found on hysterectomy specimens. Simple hyperplasia was found in 18 patients (3.44%), complex hyperplasia in two patients (0.38%); CIN-1 (LSIL) low grade cervical intraepithelial dysplasia in nine patients (1.7%), CIN-II, moderate dysplasia in two patients (0.38%); CIN-III, severe dysplasia in one patient (0.19%); vaginal carcinoma in two patients (0.38%) and endometrial carcinoma in one patient (0.19%). In the vaginal hysterectomy group, the incidence of unsuspected gynecological malignancy was founded at the rate of 0.57% (3/524) and the percentage of the group was significantly higher than laparotomic and laparoscopic hysterectomy groups. Statistically significant difference was not found between the groups with respect to unexpected uterine malignancy. Conclusion: Women without abnormal vaginal bleeding do not have high risk of premalignant or malignant pathological reporting after uterovaginal prolapse surgery, however it should not be neglected.