Firm ownership networks are important for both corporate governance and dynamic economic performances. There has been no study on this subject in Turkey. We fill this gap through a detailed network analysis of 1388 firms. We show that the network is largely dispersed. Within the core giant component, the small world network characteristics are observed. Moreover, the cohesive core of the network depends on institutional foreign investors.

This study aims to explain historical dynamics of changes of international monetary systems under the capitalist mode of production. In this context its focus on the relations between historical crisis of capitalist mode of production and international monetary systems. Main thesis of the study is causes of changes on international monetary systems based on historical crisis. This claim has been tried to be proved as an accumulation of capitalist capital, as the internal contradictions of accumulation, in the historical development of the crisis and societies, taking into account the interactions of the international monetary systems and the crisis. Historical analysis suggests that changes in international monetary systems are only possible with the emergence of a general paradigmal shift under capitalist mode of production. This paradigmal shift can only seen during the historical crisis periods. The law of the tendency of falling rate of profit constitutes the dynamic of the emergence of the crisis forms which are described as the historical crisis. There is a historical relationship between crises defined as historical crises in the study and the transformations of international monetary systems.

The international state system is in turmoil, due to pressures on its architecture that emanate from capitalist-economic globalization. Large states in particular seem to be losing the capacity to hold their societies together through economic redistribution from prospering to lagging sectors and regions. The results are centrifugal tendencies toward decentralization and secession, as well as toward exit from international organizations. To defend centralized rule, governments of large political units tend to turn authoritarian. Experimentation with small-scale units of governance seems attractive in many places, given the example of successful small countries that have preserved their national sovereignty, like Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland. Small states tend to be more homogeneous, more suitable for democratic self-government, and more capable of specializing on niches in the global economy where they are comparatively safe from head-on competition.

Marx is one of the major economists who analyze the concepts of capitalism and capital together. In this analysis, the concepts of capital and profit are reduced to the dimension of production and residual value by labor value theory. The values of labor in Marx’s analysis of value theory are not directly observable in real life, but in a monolithic world, the organic composition of the capital, the relative, the absolute residual value and the falling profit rate become problems. In a two-commodity, two-sector macro analysis, Marx conceptualized competition between capitalists, but he could not combine two-sided analysis with capital, investment, finance and profit concepts. Therefore, by turning Marx concepts into market concepts, we examine the relationship between profit and residual value from a macro perspective and show that profit is no longer the same thing as profit.

Given the current account and its impact on the economy, it is important to try to reduce energy consumption using more optimal methods, even at micro scale. In this study, a microgrid system -with integrated PV-Panels and retired batteries from electric vehicles used as a fixed storage system- is implemented specific to the hospital. For the energy storage system proposed, used Lithium-Ion batteries are selected, which are previously mounted in e-vehicles and left idle when their capacities fall below 80 percent. This way, it is aimed that the batteries whose 80 percent of capacity is still active, can be reused and thus, contribute to the economy as a stationary battery instead of being recycled (which is also costly). In the scheduling model, a mixed 0-1 linear programming model is used. In the hospital-specific model, it is aimed to meet hourly energy demand with the lowest cost while ensuring that critical hospital units are left without power. However, it is not possible to study the economic feasibility of the proposal since a waste battery market does not exist presently.

Foreign carriers have played a significant role during the early years of civil aviation in Turkey. After the foundation of a national airways system in 1933, Turkish State Airways has assumed the execution of civil aviation activities domestically. Civil aviation sector in Turkey has gone through a transformation period just after the Second World War. And during that time Turkish government has sought a foreign investor for becoming a partner of the Turkish flag carrier.

Despite a growing interest in financial issues in the late Ottoman period, there have been a limited number of adequate studies in the Turkish literature. Yanardag (2015) is one of them, and draw our attention mainly due to its inadequately referring the results of earlier researches such as Tokdemir (1999) and Texier (1339). This short paper is a critique on Yanardag (2015) and its inadequate use of the existing studies in the literature.