With the last 200 years of industrial and technological revolution, the human species’ innovations (such as production, transportation, communication, urbanization) has deteriorated the ecological balance of our planet. The fossil fuel contamination culture of living and consuming has caused the atmosphere to cross the carbon contamination borders. The unfavorable environment created by the pandemic conditions in 2020, together with the existing problems of the planet on the one hand, and the increase in economic and social inequalities on the other, gave direction to the search for a developed way out. In this context, the “Green New Deal-GND” policies, which have been discussed extensively in the USA, Britain and the EU and have an important place in the field of politics, have been transformed in the first quarter of the 21st century. This is why this work; It aims to examine the Green New Deal planned between 2030 and 2050 in the USA and the EU.

The dramatic higher education expansion in Turkey was largely associated with professionalization of higher education. The process of professionalization started in the 1980s and accelerated after 1990s. In the comprehensive university model, all study fields have been affected by professional education and narrow professional education has become the norm in Turkish higher education. Whether the perspective taken as the requirements of knowledge economy or mission of higher education, curriculum reform should be high agenda of Turkish higher education.

The necessity of addressing economics with morality and other social issues stems from the fact that economics is a result of people’s attitudes and behaviors. As a social entity, human beings make judgments about what is right and wrong in their economic decisions. It needs moral values to make judgments about whether a behavior is right or wrong. Our aim in this study is to explain how cooperation turns into objective morality peculiar to human beings, and then A. Smith and J.M. Keynes to reveal the relationship between economics and morality.

In the study, the relationship between indirect and direct taxes and growth in Turkey was investigated using data from 2006:1-2020: 3 quarters. In econometric analyses, the existence of a positive and significant relationship between tax components and growth in both the long and short term was determined. According to the findings, indirect taxes are more effective on growth without distinction of time. While growth is the cause of indirect and direct taxes, a bidirectional causal link between indirect taxes and growth has been determined. The error correction coefficient was statistically significant and showed that deviations that will occur in the short period will converge in less than a quarter over the long period.

In the study, during the period of systemic risks evolved into systematic risks, we discussed the monetary authorities’ “package crisis exit strategies” developed under the international monetary policy coordination without considering their country’s dynamics. We tackled the policy development and implication process in the context of Keynes’s (1936)’s liquidity trap, and Hicks (1937)’ assertion over the ineffectiveness of traditional monetary policy during this liquidity trap. In particular, while the governments and central banks of developing countries take comprehensive and innovative steps in formulating fiscal and monetary policy, and bring out a new view called “Developmental Central Banking” (which simultaneously cares about economic growth, employment, investment, financial stability and structural transformation), the habits of central banking in some countries that survived the crisis with relatively slight damage were reversed based on inflation targeting, which were customary from the Neoliberal period, but kept growth, employment and real economy in the secondary plan. Considering these developments and the effectiveness of the solution proposals developed by the Neoclassical and Monetarist paradigms for such chronic problems, the necessity of New Keynesian precautionary measures have been seemed inevitable.