Management of Bemisia tabaci requires the use of multiple control techniques in addition to pesticides, and plant-derived essential oils and mineral oils are one of the control options. The evaluation of new chemistry synthetic insecticide (imidacloprid) mix with jojoba oil or KZ oil, to enhance its synergistic efficacy against whitefly (B. tabaci) in laboratory trails as well as evaluated in experimental field plots at Menia El-Kameh, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The influence of these compounds and their mixtures on natural predators and crop yield were simultaneously investigated. Based on laboratory tests, synergistic action was observed in the whitefly by a combination of imidacloprid with jojoba oil or KZ oil approximately 12 and 40 times more respectively than the imidacloprid alone, interestingly, the combination of the insecticide with the mineral oil was more toxic than the essential oil. Similar trend was also recorded for these mixtures at sublethal dose against biological aspects of whitefly, it has significantly reduced development and fecundity. Infield application, all tested compounds, and mixtures caused a significant decrease in the whitefly populations; the mixtures gave more than 75% control over the whitefly, and there were differences in treatment over the abundance of predators as more predators were recorded within the mixtures with significantly higher yields than those compounds alone or the untreated control. Mixtures treatment also resulted in the longest residual effect under field conditions.

This paper examines the membranes used in the separation of gases in industry. To date, more than 60% of the application of membrane technology in the separation of gaseous mixtures is related to the separation of nitrogen from air and the recovery of hydrogen from the gas streams of ammonia or synthesis units. These units contain clean gases free of any blocking gases and gases that affect the nature of the polymer. However, the dramatic growth of the use of membrane technology in the field of natural gas treatment, refineries and petrochemical units - which contain compressible compounds and vapors that affect the polymer network - has led to increasing attention to the stability and efficiency of polymer membranes. The flexibility of polymer chains during the manufacturing process of nanocomposite membranes is one of the most important manufacturing parameters. During the process of solvent evaporation from the film placed on the glass plate, due to the stresses caused by the shrinkage and irreversibility of the hard chains of the glass polymers, cracks are formed in the polymer-nanoparticles interface

Phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis of Moringa oleifera seeds were carried using standard laboratory procedures. The phytochemical content showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and steroids respectively as samples contained 5.85g alkaloid, 5.97g flavonoid, and 1.46g saponin. Anti-microbial screening with certain selected human pathogens and the zones of inhibition obtained showed that alkaloids were 3mm, 3mm, 2mm, 4mm, & 5mm, flavonoids were 6mm, 5mm, 4mm, 2mm and 7mm and saponins were 4mm, 3mm, 3mm, 6mm and 5mm for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptocuccus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 6.5mg/cm3, 12.5mg/cm3, 12.5mg/cm3, 6.5mg/cm3 and 12.5mg/cm3 for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptocuccus aureus respectively. This finding shows that the application of the seed extract of Moringa oleifera for potential therapeutic use and medicinal drugs in treatment of pneumonia, urinary tract infection and a host of other diseases in humans.

The study was carried out in reason of investigating the phytochemical constituents that could be present in the Ziziphus spina Christi Sudanese plant, by using two different analytical methods such as the Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrum (GC-MS) and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Z. spina Christi Fruit pulp oil was extracted with four solvents methanol, petroleum ether, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, using Soxhlet apparatus, The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) was carried out to analyze the methanolic fruit pulp oil extract, the results indicated to the presence of thirty-two phytochemical compounds. Ten of them are majors, namely9-Octadecenoic acid compounds, methyl ester, (E) - (17.07%), 7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane,1-methyl-4-(2-methyloxiranyl)- (16.43%), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) -, methyl ester (10.6%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (8.78%), methyl stearate (6.71%), Docosanoic acid, Methyl ester (4.22%), cis-13-Eicosenoic acid, methyl ester (3.43%)%), methyl 18-methylnonadecanoate (2.98%), squalene (2.38%), 9-tricosine, (Z) - (2.4%).While the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out for ( methanol, petroleum ether, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol ) fruit pulp oil extract the result showed the presence of many active functional groups such as alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkenes, carbonyls, and Carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds in the extracts with different peak types and correspondences. The GC-MS and FTIR analysis showed the availability of bioactive compounds in the Ziziphus spina fruits pulp oil extracts, and these ingredients may be responsible for pharmaceutical value and could lead to the discovery a novel drugs

Thermal simulation of the human eyeball has been considered in recent years to investigate the effect of external heat sources as well as to predict ocular abnormalities and vital vision disorders. Due to the advances in the field of computing technologies, the use of computer simulation methods such as the use of simulation software and also the use of that software in areas such as medical sciences have received much attention, so that the results have been very helpful in diagnosing various eye diseases and inflammations in the medical community. In the present study, a two-dimensional finite element model has been used to simulate the transfer of biothermal heat in the human eye at steady state. In this study, COMSOL Multiphysics 4.4 software was used to simulate heat transfer in the human eye at steady state. The results of this modeling were compared by examining the effective parameters such as the effect of ambient temperature, blood temperature, lens conduction coefficient, blood transfer heat transfer coefficient, corneal surface diffusion coefficient and the effect of tear evaporation rate. Ocular inflammation is the strongest factor and also the impossibility of ignoring the amount of eye radiation with the environment and the effect of this factor on a significant increase or decrease in corneal surface temperature.

New modified chitosan Schiff base (3E-2H-BCs) was prepared via a condensation reaction between 3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and chitosan. The title compound 3E-2H-BCs was characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, SEM and TG-DTA. The results show that the title compound 3E-2H-BCs was successfully prepared. In addition, the title compound 3E-2H-BCs applied as an efficient adsorbent for methyl green (MG) removal from aqueous solution and the effect of contact time and adsorbent dosage has been studied. The equilibrium of dye adsorption by 3E-2H-BCs was reached at 1 min contact time at the presence of MG. The dye adsorption results show that the title compound 3E-2H-BCs is as an efficient adsorbent for other dye removal from wastewater.

Groundnut shells (GSs) are abundant renewable by-products which have been underexploited for potential applications. Therefore, this paper reports the bioactive potential of groundnut shell extracts (GSEs) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The GSs were ground into powder form and subjected to extraction using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and a mixture of ethanol and ethyl acetate using an electrical shaker for 6 h and 12 h; and subsequently centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 20 min. The GSEs were then qualitatively screened for phenol, quinone, saponin tannins, and flavonoids using the standard procedures. More so, antibacterial activities of these GSEs against P. aeruginosa (ATCC 29953) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) were tested using Agar well diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA). Therefore, the preliminary phytochemical screening reviewed the presence of saponin, tannin, flavonoid, quinone, and phenol. And the investigation of the antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated that S. aeureus was more sensitive to attack by the EtOH derived GSEs; whereas, P. aeruginosa was readily affected by the EtOAc GSEs. Generally, P. aeruginosa was more inhibited by these GSEs even at the lower concentrations of 25 and 12.5 mg/ mL; especially with the EtOH + EtOAc and EtOAc derived GSEs. EtOH + EtOAc GSE has potential of enhancing these bacterial inhibitions

As field populations of black cutworms grow more resistant to conventional insecticides, the need for new and effective chemical means to control this insect is more important than ever. In this study, we examined the biochemical mechanisms underlying the toxicity of the sublethal effect of the new insecticides (emamectin benzoate, indoxicarb, chloranitraniliprole, and pyridalyl) against two strains of Agrotis ipsilon comprising the laboratory-susceptible (L-S) and the field-resistant (BK-R). Activity measurements of the main detoxification enzymes showed that new insecticides inhibited the activities of both glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamine pyruvic transaminase (GPT), whereas the significant activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) was observed, suggesting that the inhibition of detoxification contributes to the enhancement toxicity against A. ipsilon larvae. A significant decrease in the effect of sublethal dose was also observed between the control larvae in the content of protein, lipid, and glycogen, and treated larvae in two strains. According to these results, the treated larvae were negatively affected in both two tested strains compared with untreated larvae in control.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Teucrium Chamaedryswas historically used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of gout and sometimes as a component of Venice treacle.Aim of the study: Our aim was identification and extraction of components of Teucrium Chamaedrys using hydrodistillation as a usual method, microwave-assisted, and headspace solid-phase microextraction as two new methods and comparing their results. Chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to investigate the estimated compounds. Finally, we study their antibacterial effect.Results: 17 compounds were identified accounting for a total of 85.35% of the total essential oil obtained from the hydrodistillation method. In addition, 15 compounds were found accounting for 79.26% of the total essential oil, obtained from the solid phase microextraction. In the microwave method, the essential oil obtained did not have the required quantity and quality to identify.Conclusion: By comparing the above results, it is concluded that more compounds can be isolated and identified through hydrodistillation.The results showed that the main composition of this plant is caryophyllene in different ways and a total of different forms of this composition in both methods showed that a higher percentage of these compounds is obtained in the steam distillation process, and factors such as plant drying and extraction method will have a significant effect on the extraction percentage. The antibacterial effect against gram-positive bacteria of the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation and solid-phase microextraction methods was proved.