Histopathological examination is a routine examination process for each tissue in the anatomic pathology laboratory. The stages in making histology preparations are fixation stages. The type of solution that can be used as a fixative solution other than 10% NBF is Carnoys solution. Carnoys solution is a fixative solution with a relatively fast fixation process of about 1-4 hours. The advantages of Carnoys solution can lyse erythrocytes and dissolve lipids, have the ability to maintain cell nuclei, and retain glycogen. The purpose of this study was to determine the histology of the liver tissue preparations of mice (Mus Musculus) which were fixed using Carnoys solution with time variations of 4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours. This is an observational research with descriptive research design criteria. The results of the histology of the liver tissue preparations of mice (Mus Musculus) which were fixed using the 10% NBF solution group obtained 100% good preparations. In the Carnoy solution group with a time of 4 hours, it gave 2.2% results of poor preparations and 97.78% of good preparations. While the treatment group with Carnoys solution with a time of 8 hours obtained as many as 11.11% of preparations that were not good and 88.89% of good preparations. and in the Carnoy solution group with a time of 12 hours, there were 44.44% of the poor preparations and 55.56% of the good preparations.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the transmitted infection through blood transfusion. Chemiluminescence immunoassay for HIV testing is performed to ensure the safety and quality of blood product that released. Purpose of the study to identify the result of Chemiluminescence Immunoassay methode for HIV testing to blood donor’s characteristic based on gender, age, blood group, HIV titer, and donation location. The design of this research is descriptive retrospective. There is 11 (0,8%) reactive blood bag and 1.289 (99,2%) blood bag non reactive to HIV, reactive blood bag based of gender is 8 (72,7%) blood bag from male donors and 3 (27,3%) blood bag from female donors. Based on donors age, mostly reactive result are from 41-70 years old is 4 (36,4%) donors, and the fewest is from < (under) 19 years old is 1 (9,1%) donors. The majority based on blood group is B Rh+ is 4 (36,4%) donors. The majority based on HIV titer is low titer, 1,0-2,0 is 7 (63,6%) donors. Based on donation location, mostly from mobile unit (MU) is 8 (72,7%) donors over 11 donors with HIV reactive. Conclusion of this study is donors gender, donors age, and donation location had a significant influence on reactive result of HIV testing.

Infectious diseases are a problem for public health and can increase patient morbidity and mortality. Bacteria that cause infectious diseases include Streptococcus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis. Inappropriate use of antibiotics can cause resistance problems and the effects of undesirable drugs. Jamblang (Syzygium cumini) leaf extract can be used as a natural antibacterial drug. There is a study showing the content of active compounds in the leaves of Jamblang are Flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins are components of chemical compounds that are suspected as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Jamblang leaf extract against Streptococcus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis bacteria. The method used is the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration method using well diffusion. The study used Jamblang leaf extract with various concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, the test bacteria used were Streptococcus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis, using positive control of chloramphenicol, and negative control of 10% DMSO. The results showed that Jamblang leaf extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes and Proteus mirabilis bacteria in all concentrations. In the Kruskall Wallis Non-Parametric statistical test the two bacteria obtained P <0.05.In Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria the value of P = 0.031, and Proteus mirabilis bacteria the value of P = 0.015. These results indicate a real difference in this study.

Tuberculosis is an infectious infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anti Tuberculosis drug therapy given has side effects, one of which is hepatotoxicity.. The purpose of this study was to describe the levels of SGOT, SGPT, and total bilirubin in pulmonary tuberculosis patients based on the characteristics of gender and age. This type of research is descriptive observational with a case study approach. Data retrieval using purposive sampling of 120 patients was carried out by analyzing data on medical records. The results of the study in the intensive stage of treatment showed an increase in SGOT for 12 males and females an average of 71 U/L and 93 U/L. The SGPT of 12 men and 14 women averaged 86 U/L and 92 U/L. Total bilirubin in 10 men and 12 women averaged 1.58 mg/dl and 1.68 mg/dl, respectively. The increase in SGOT in 15 patients 26-45 years, 8 patients 46-65 years, and 2 patients >65 years averaged 79 U/L, 70 U/L, and 97 U/L. SGPT occurred in 15 patients 26-45 years, 8 patients 46-65 years, and 3 patients >65 years with mean levels of 82 U/L, 97 U/L, and 96 U/L. Total bilirubin occurred in 15 patients 26-45 years, 5 patients 46-65 years, and 2 patients >65 years with mean levels of 1.72 mg/dl, 1.38 mg/dl, and 1.57 mg/dl. , whereas in the advanced stage of treatment, all patients had normal levels of SGOT, SGPT, and total bilirubin with an average of 27 U/L, 29 U/L, and 0.41 mg/dl.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic hyperglycemia can cause a hypoxic environment in the renal interstitium and can cause kidney disorders (diabetic nephropathy), this can lead to decreased kidney function and the production of erythropoietin produced by peritubular fibroblasts is disrupted, and hemoglobin is not formed optimally and occurs anemia. Thei purposei ofi thisi studyi wasi toi determinei hemoglobini levelsi in patients withi typei 2i diabetesi mellitusi in RSUD. K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang. This is a descriptive quantitative study, the data comes from the medical records of patients with typei 2i diabetesi mellitusi withi complicationsi ofi diabetici nephropathyi at RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang as many as 40 samples with non-probability samplingi itechnique. The results showed that there were 20 men who had decreased hemoglobin levels and 1 person who had normal hemoglobin levels. Meanwhile, in women, 17 people had decreased hemoglobin levels and 2 people had normal hemoglobin levels. Based on the age category, the most were the early elderly as many as 15 people and the least in the late teens and early adults each as many as 2 people. Meanwhile, based on the average level of anemia, more experienced moderate levels of anemia. Hemoglobin levels in patients with type. 2i. diabetesi. mellitusi. withi. complicationsi. ofi. diabetici. nephropathyi. at RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang were 40 samples, on average they had low hemoglobin levels.

Heavy metal lead can cause poisoning or accumulate in human body. Truck drivers spend more a lot of time on the road due to the slow movement of trucks due to carrying heavy loads causing exposure to lead on the highway. Lead enters through the breath and is excreted in the hair. Truck drivers spend more a lot of time on the road, especially trucks that have more than 4 wheels because the load they carry is heavy so it takes time to travel and can be exposed lead on the road. It also allows researchers to easily collect hair samples. longer the work, they get higher lead levels in the human body. After conducting a survey, many truck drivers opened their windows. This happens, maybe some of the Air Cooler (AC) trucks are not working because maybe some of the trucks are too old. This allows truck drivers to be exposed to lead from the air. In addition, PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) is also important such as masks to reduce exposure to lead from the respiratory tract.

The metal smelting industry tends to have high air Pb levels exceeding the threshold determined by the CDC is 100 g/m3. The smelting dust particles are Pb and SO2 circulating in the air along with combustion fumes is very possible to be inhaled by metal smelters who do not wear proper personal protective equipment. High levels of Pb The air inhaled by metal smelters can affect the health level of workers, one of which is the disruption of the erythropoiesis process which can cause abnormal erythrocyte index levels. This study aims to determine the description of erythrocyte index levels in metal smelters based on literature studies. This research is an observational qualitative research through a literature review approach, with data collection methods that use secondary data from several related scientific journals. Secondary data analysis is descriptive and presented in tabular form. Based on the results of research from three related scientific journals, the average level of the erythrocyte index in metal smelting workers is normochromic normocytic with an average length of work of more than 3.89 years, workers who smoke as much as 78% and those who do not smoke as much as 22%, workers who using PPE as much as 56% and 44% who do not use PPE.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Determinants of pulmonary TB disease include gender, and age. The Rapid Molecular Test Method (TCM) is a breakthrough TB program for Drug Resistant TB patients. The TCM method takes two hours to get the patients diagnosis. TCM method for diagnosing TB and resistance to rifampin quickly and accurately. Tidar Magelang Hospital is one of the referral places for TCM examinations from various health facilities. The purpose of this study was to describe the results of the TCM method of pulmonary TB examination on pulmonary TB suspects at Tidar Magelang Hospital. This type of research is descriptive. The research data is secondary data obtained from Tidar Hospital Magelang. Based on age, namely early adolescence, late adolescence, early adulthood, late adulthood, early elderly, late elderly, and seniors, the results were sensitive rif 0.76%, 11.45%, 9, 54%, 7.25%, 5.73%, 8.78% and 3.82%. Negative results 1.15%, 1.91%, 6.87%, 7.25%, 7.63%, 14.89% and 12.98%. The rif results were sensitive to 27.1% males and 20.23% females. Negative results in 31.3% men and 21.37% women. The most sensitive rif results are in Magelang, followed by Magelang City, then East Jakarta Municipality, Banjarnegara and Purworejo. Negative results were found in Magelang, followed by Magelang City, then Wonosobo and East Waringin City.

Blood glucose level checks are generally carried out for people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) to establish the diagnosis and monitor therapy and the emergence of complications, thus the progress of the disease can be monitored. Examination of blood glucose levels during or ad random can measure blood glucose levels without measuring the time of the last meal. The puskesmas has a Chronic Disease Control Program (PROLANIS) which aims to encourage participants with chronic illness to achieve optimal quality of life. PROLANIS is held every month by giving drugs and blood glucose checks when, in trimester I prolanis patients high sugar levels should be decreased in trimester II. Objective to find out the description of blood glucose levels when in trimester I and trimester prolanis patients in Banyumas Wangon II Health Center in 2019. Research Methods this study was an observational study with descriptive research criteria with a sample of all PROLANIS patients who examined blood glucose levels. Results the study subjects were 45 PROLANIS patients who were examined for blood glucose levels at the time. The results showed that 6 patients were male (41.31%) and 39 patients were female (58.69%) Conclusion this study shows the results of glucose levels in PROLANIS patients the highest male sex in trimester I was 901 and trimester II was 657, the highest blood glucose level in I trimester I was 1372 and trimester II 841. Compliance with this treatment remained a decline main measure in the process of changing blood glucose levels.

Deparaffinization is a stage before the staining process to remove/dissolve paraffin so that the absorption of color in tissue preparations is maximized. Deparaffinization is usually carried out using xylol and toluol. Xylol has toxic effects including acute neurotoxicity, heart and kidney damage, hepatotoxicity, fatal blood dyscrasias, skin erythema, dry skin, peeling skin, and also has a carcinogenic effect. The toxicity effect of olive oil is lower than that of xylol. Oils that have non-polar properties can remove the remaining paraffin contained in the tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine the microscopic appearance of the kidney tissue preparations of mice deparaffinized with olive oil on hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The type of research used is experimental research which is analyzed with a descriptive approach. The results of the assessment of preparations deparaffinized with xylol in 80 visual fields obtained 100% good preparations and preparations deparaffinized with olive oil in 80 visual fields obtained 0% poor preparations, 11.3% poor preparations, and 88.7% good preparation. So it can be said that better results are found in the microscopic picture of the kidney preparations of mice (Mus musculus) deparaffinized with xylol.