Background: To compare effectiveness of modified constrained induced movement therapy versus mirror therapy in improving hand dexterity in patients with sub-acute stroke. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of modified constraint induced movement therapy (MCIMT) and Mirror therapy in improving hand dexterity to patients with sub-acute stroke. Methods: 20 patients with sub-acute stroke were enrolled and divided into two groups: Modified constraint induced movement therapy (MCIMT) and mirror therapy (MT). Training for MCIMT will be for 2 hrs per day, 5 days per week for 5 weeks and training for mirror therapy will be 2 hrs per day, 5 days per week for 5 weeks with the help of assessment scales Fugl-meyer scale and Nine hole peg scale.

Diet has been an issue of various scientific debates and controversies. Various scientific studies have been conducted to prove the effectiveness of a specific recommended diet, but, later, it resulted to various controversies, with time passing, due to various factors; such as counting the numbers of calorie consumed versus to that the body can expand daily; the low-carbohydrate diet, the GAPs Diet, the Paleo Diet, the Atkins Diet, or following a specific nutritional diet; etc.

Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by weakness and wasting (atrophy) in muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). It is caused by a loss of specialized nerve cells, called motor neurons that control muscle movements. Mutations in the SMN1 gene cause all types of spinal muscular atrophy. Here we report a 61-year old patient from the Republic of North Mace-donia, who was diagnosed with Spinal muscular atrophy type 4. He was admitted to University Clinic in Skopje because of muscle weakness in both legs, without a clear beginning and with slow progression. Muscle weakness was the reason for difficulties in per-forming basic activities, such as going down the stairs. The finding of EMG was an indicator of a chronic, partial, neurogenic lesion with primary axonal suffering. The magnetic resonance of the spine detected easy-degree, degenerative changes in the lumbosacral part with the initial formation of spondylophytes. Last, but not least, molecular genetic analysis showed the absence of the SMN1 gene in a homozygous state (0 copies SMN1) and the presence of increased copy number of SMN2 pseudogene (> 5 copies SMN2). This finding confirmed the acute form of adult spinal muscular atrophy (type 4). By presenting this case, we have tried to get you more closely to the importance of this rare neuromuscular disease.

Phenols type antioxidants are an essential part of our daily diet. Their function as antioxidants protects our body from any unwanted diseases like cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. Many fruits and vegetables are the naturals source of the essential com-pounds. In this review, we focus on a few sorts of phenolic antioxidants and mainly appreciate the contribution of forest growing berries like blueberries for the maintenance of our brain health.

Antidepressant induced manic episode is a well-established phenomenon in psychiatric literature. Induction of mania after the use of antipsychotic medications is little known entity. We report a case of lurasidone induced mania in a case of treatment-resistant schizophrenia which resolved within two weeks of lurasidone discontinuation.

Antidepressant induced manic episode is well-established phenomenon in psychiatric literature. Induction of mania after use of antipsychotic medications is little known entity. We report a case of lurasidone induced mania in a case of treatment resistant schizo-phrenia which resolved within two weeks of lurasidone discontinuation.

This scientific work proposes a new interdisciplinary approach in understanding the issue of the mechanisms of formation of small copies of society – the «inner world» of a person. The scientific basis for this was the new knowledge and achievements of mod-ern neurogenetics and neurophysiology. The mechanisms of human sensory-motor activity for the formation of the human psyche and, as a consequence, the formation of society are presented. The value of research in its multidisciplinary approach to solving and correctly understanding the issue. Knowledge of the mechanisms of formation of society is very necessary and useful in a targeted and controlled formation of human society.

In the July 2019 issue of eLife, Chia and colleagues harness a powerful zebrafish brain tumor model to address fundamental questions regarding the immune microenvironment supporting early brain tumorigenesis [1]. The zebrafish has emerged as an intriguing, and perhaps unexpected, model system to study a nu-mber of developmental, behavioral, toxicologic and even oncologic processes relevant to human disease [2]. The small size and optical transparency at the larval stage, combined with the growing arma-mentarium of genetic editing tools, make the zebrafish a powerful system for studying the normal and diseased brain.

Intracranial chondroma is a rare slow-growing benign tumour typically developed from cartilaginous rests of skull base synchondroses. The clinical symptoms are variable depending on the location and the size of the lesion. We report here a case of an 18 -year-old male who presented with headaches and worsening confusion. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a giant extraaxial mass in parietooccipital region, with heterogeneous coarse calcification and chondroid matrix, resulting in significant mass effect, displacement of adjacent structures, and associated obstructive hydrocephalus. Chondroid tumor was evoked and differential diagnosis such as meningioma was considered less likely due to hypo vascular appearance on cerebral angiogram. Adjacent bone remodelling and development of collateral venous outflow suggested a slow-growing tumor. A gross total resection was achieved and the pathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of chondroma. We describe here the different steps and imaging features which could be helpful to evoke the diagnosis of this rare entity, and also discuss the relevant differential diagnosis.

Dyke Davidoff Mason syndrome is characterized by facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiplegia, mental retardation and seizures due to atrophy or hypoplasia of cerebral hemispheres resulting from insult to developing brain. Here we report a-2yrs-male pre-sented with hemiparesis, global delay and refractory status epilepticus and later diagnosed as Dyke Davidoff Mason syndrome.

In the July 2019 issue of eLife, Chia and colleagues harness a powerful zebrafish brain tumor model to address fundamental questions regarding the immune microenvironment supporting early brain tumorigenesis. The zebrafish has emerged as an intriguing, and perhaps unexpected, a model system to study a number of developmental, behavioral, toxicologic and even oncologic processes relevant to human disease. The small size and optical transparency at the larval stage, combined with the growing armamentarium of genetic editing tools, make the zebrafish a powerful system for studying the normal and diseased brain.

Dyke Davidoff Mason syndrome is characterized by facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiplegia, mental retardation and seizures due to atrophy or hypoplasia of cerebral hemispheres resulting from insultto developingthe brain. Here we report a-2yrs-male presented with hemiparesis, global delay, and refractory status epilepticus and later diagnosed as Dyke Davidoff Mason syndrome.

The aim of this article is to investigate the relationship between anxiety and depression. The two states are affective disorders, and It is hypnotized that the temperament is the fundamental of this relationship between these states. The findings indicate, for good understanding, predicting and controlling anxious and depressive behavior require of using multi-methodologies from a developmental perspective.

Intracranial chondroma is a rare slow-growing benign tumor typically developed from cartilaginous rests of skull base synchondrosis. The clinical symptoms are variable depending on the location and the size of the lesion. We report here a case of an 18 -year-old male who presented with headaches and worsening confusion. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a giant extra-axial mass in parieto-occipital region, with heterogeneous coarse calcification and chondroid matrix, resulting in significant mass effect, displacement of adjacent structures, and associated obstructive hydrocephalus. The chondroid tumor was evoked and differential diagnosis such as meningioma was considered less likely due to hypovascular appearance on cerebral angiogram. Adjacent bone remodelling and development of collateral venous outflow suggested a slow-growing tumor. A gross total resection was achieved and the pathologic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of chondroma. We describe here the different steps and imaging features which could be helpful to evoke the diagnosis of this rare entity, and also discuss the relevant differential diag-nosis.

This scientific work proposes a new interdisciplinary approach in understanding the issue of the mechanisms of formation of small copies of society – the «inner world» of a person. The scientific basis for this was the new knowledge and achievements of modern neurogenetics and neurophysiology. The mechanisms of human sensory-motor activity for the formation of the human psyche and, as a consequence, the formation of society are presented. The value of research in its multidisciplinary approach to solving and correctly understanding the issue. Knowledge of the mechanisms of the formation of society is very necessary and useful in a targeted and controlled formation of human society.

“Contemporary American Stupidity” covers exactly what it purports to cover–the idiocy of modern American political and cultural life. Stupidity is defined as the learned inability to learn: That is–a normal, dysfunctional learning process which occurs when a schema formed by linguistic biases and social norms acts via the neurotic paradox to establish a positive feedback system which becomes first self-sustaining and then renders behavior irrelevant to the environment by carrying detached actions to maladaptive excesses. The topics dealt with in this well researched and docu-mented article include injustice, the economy, society, foreign po-licy, defense, the environment, education and identity and lead to a depressing if not distressing conclusion.

Dural metastasis from non-neurologic cancer is rare (8 to 9% of cases) and carcinoma prostate is the most common malignancy (19.5% of cases) associated withcarcinomatous involvementof dura. Here wereport acase of prostatic dural metastasis which closely mimicked chronic subdural hematoma both clinically and radiologically and underwent initial treatment according to the guidelines for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma. The patient is a known case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate which was diag-nosed 3 years back now presented with two days history of slurring of speech and weakness left side of the body. The patient also had a history of falls. In contrast CT brain showed iso-hypodense extra-axial collectionand suspectedchronic subdural hematoma and underwent initial twist drill and later burr hole craniotomy. Intraoperatively dural en plaque lesion was noted and histopathology examination was suggestive of metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma. Hence authors conclude that dural metastasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in all patients of carcinoma prostate if the patient comes with clinical or radiological features of chronic subdural hematoma.