The extraction of copper (II) from 0.33 M Na2SO4 aqueous solutions with decanoic acid (HL) in chloroform at 25°C has been studied. The extracted species, when the decanoic acid compound was used alone, is CuL2.2(HL).2H2O. The complex of copper was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser particle size analysis, and molar conductance measurements.

A novel series of heterocyclic systems linked with quinolin-2-one was efficiently synthesized from reaction of ethyl 4-(1-ethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxoquinolin-3-yl) -2,4-dioxobutanoate (1) with a variety of nitrogen and/or carbon nucleophiles. A variety of heterocyclic systems such as pyrazoles, pyrimidines, pyrazines, oxazines and triazines containing quinoline moiety were synthesized. Structures of the new synthesized products were deduced on basis of their analytical and spectral data.

In the present study, a new theoretical model for the calculation of molecular electrophilicity and molecular nucleophilicity based on group electronegativity and molecular hardness equations derived by us in recent years is presented. Furthermore, a validity test of the present model is performed with 33 molecules by comparing the computed electrophilicity and nucleophilicity data with the electrophilicity and nucleophilicity data computed using some well-known theoretical methods and their experimental counterparts. The comparative study reveals excellent correlation between theory and experiment. Thus the new theoretical model presented in this work for the calculation of molecular reactivity indices like electrophilicity and nucleophilicity is logical and reliable.

Abstract: In this study, microwave-assisted and conventional syntheses of Ru(III) and Cu(II) complexes with 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (L1), 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (L2), and 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid (L3) have been studied. A comparative study of microwave and conventional methods was performed to determine their differences in terms of reaction time, the amount of solvent, and reaction yield. The reaction time was reduced significantly from several hours to a few minutes, and high yields were obtained by microwave method while using considerably less amount of solvent. The synthesized complexes were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, AAS, 1H-NMR, elemental analyses, and magnetic susceptibility. These studies showed that copper and ruthenium complexes have square planar and octahedral geometries, respectively. The metal complexes of Cu(II) and Ru(III) were easily synthesized upon exposure to microwave irradiation.

Iron (III) complex with a mixture of hydrolysable tannins from the fruits of Valonia Oak (Quercus ithaburensis sp. macrolepsis) known as Valex was synthesized and characterized using various techniques. Stoichiometry of the complex was determined to be M2L at pH 4.4 with the stability constant (K) of 1.5 ´ 108 L2mol-2. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the Fe(III)-Valex complex was studied. The Fe(III)-Valex complex was found to have antioxidant activity but did not show any antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the tested microorganisms.

This research employs multiple linear regression technique in the modelling of some potent anti-leukemic compounds using paDEL molecular descriptor software calculator, to identify the best relationship between the chemical structure and toxicities of the anticancer datasets against some leukemic cell lines (HL-60). Statistical parameters such as Q2 and R2pred (test set) were computed to validate the strength of the model, while Williams plot was used to assess its applicability domain. The mean effects of the molecular descriptors in the models were calculated to illuminate the principal properties of the molecules responsible for their cytotoxicity.

Refluxing ?-formyl-2-hydroxyacetophenones 1 in ethanol containing triethylamine as a basic catalyst produced the dimerized product identified as 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)-4H,5H-pyrano[2,3-b]chromen-5-ones 2. Meanwhile, heating ?-formyl-2-hydroxyacetophenones 1 in 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution afforded another type of dimeric product identified as 3-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-substituted benzoyl)vinyl]-6-substituted-4H-chromen-4-ones 3. The proposed mechanisms were discussed. The mode of dimerization of ?-formyl-2-hydroxyacetophenones 1 depends on the type of catalyst used and the reaction conditions. Structures of the synthesized compounds were deduced on the basis of their analytical and spectral data.

Cross-linked cyclomatrix polyphosphazene microspheres have been successfully synthesized via self-assembly polycondensation reaction between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 4,4¢-diaminodiphenylmethane (DADPM) in acetonitrile. The absence of any stabilizing agent or surfactant and usage of only an ultrasonic bath have been the advantages for this reaction. HCCP and DADPM ratios have been attempted to obtain the best morphology by SEM-EDX. The size of microspheres were ranging from 4.46 to 4.74 µm. The inorganic-organic hybrid microspheres were characterized by FTIR, TGA, UV, Fluorescence and XRD.

n this study, the preparation of polyetherimide (PEI-Ultem1000)/ZIF-11 mixed matrix membranes was studied in various ZIF-11 nanoparticles loadings (0, 10, 15, 20, and 30 wt.%). The newly synthesized ZIF-11 nanoparticles with an average particle size of ~280 nm were integrated in PEI membranes as novel mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The effect of ZIF-11 loading was scrutinised for H2, CO2, and CH4 gas separation performance at 35 °C and 4 bar. The incorporation of ZIF-11 nanoparticles improved the gas permeation properties of the MMMs with an increase in ZIF-11 loading. As the ZIF-11 loading increased up to 20 wt.%, the permeability of H2 and CO2 increased to four times higher than that of the pure polymer. Moderate increase of CH4 permeability was also recorded. At higher loadings above 20 wt.%, the permeability decreased for all gases and the CO2/CH4, and H2/CH4 selectivities increased consistent with the ZIF-11 loading.

Leaves of Citrus meyerii harvested fresh and dried for four consecutive days were separately hydro-distilled and yielded 0.11 – 0.24 %(w/w) of essential oils. Characterisation of the oils using Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the predominance of hydrocarbon monoterpenoids 51.1 – 68.3%. Oxygenated monoterpenoids, hydrocarbon sesquiterpenoids and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids constituted (17.4 - 24.9%), (12.2 - 19.8%) and (0.0 – 2.5%) of the oils respectively. Principal constituents of the oils were; 3-carene (10.1-30.7%), a-pinene (1.0%-18.7%), d-limonene (5.2-6.4%), cis-ß-ocimene (5.8-14.2%), citronellal (5.4-6.8%), and ß-elemene (3.0-5.8%). The oils were of 3-carene and a-pinene chemotypes. Oils that were of 3-carene chemotype were those from fresh and the leaves dried for one and four days while the oils from leaves dried for two and three days were of a-pinene chemotype. Insecticidal activities of the oils were determined using contact toxicity test on Callosobruchus maculatus. Regardless of whether the leaves were fresh or dried, the oils were active against the insect. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the activities of the oils against the insect.