Since the dawn of history many scientists, philosophers, and religious people have been obsessed with the question about the nature of man and the origin universe. There are many speculations, theories and myths put forward in order to answer this eternal question. This article attempts to compare different theories regarding the creation of the universe posited by various religious traditions and scientific theories.

The situation of woman is that she-a free and autonomous being like all human creatures–nevertheless finds herself living in a world where men compel her to assume the status of the Other. – SimoneDe Beauvoir.

Learning process is an emotional process. It is affected by different emotional factors. The teacher and his students engage in various emotional activities in it and varied fruits of emotions are yield. Attitude can help the learners to express whether they like or dislike the objects or surrounding situations. It is agreed that the inner feelings and emotions of learners influence their perspectives and their attitudes towards the target subject.

Community is a social group of anywise those whose members resides in a specific locality, share a common culture and historical heritage. Community is a Homogeneous group, thus Havyak community is one of important community in Uttarkannada district and the purpose of the present enquiry is to study the Havyak community social and occupational aspects which would help the research to understand their background. In this research, researcher tried to bring sociological view on the occupational changes of Havyak Brahmins.

According to the country’s National Development Plan currently there are around 300 million poor people in India and more importantly large populations of poor people live in rural areas. Hence, the poverty remains a chronic condition for almost more than 35 per cent of India’s rural population. In India more rural poverty prevails majority among in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh andKarnataka States. A major cause of poverty among India’s rural people, both individuals and communities, is lack of access to productive assets and financial resources.

A pesquisa apresentada refere-se ao Regime Próprio de Previdência Social (RPPS), no âmbito do Instituto de Previdência Municipal (IPRAM) do município de Espigão do Oeste (RO), objetivandose investigar a percepção e o conhecimento de servidores municipais segurados acerca do RPPS-IPRAM do Município de Espigão do Oeste – RO quanto à situação financeira e atuarial à luz da transparência pública e acesso às informações daquela entidade. Fez-se um levantamento de dados financeiros e atuariais do período de 2012 a 2016, verificando-se o equilíbrio financeiro e atuarial do período selecionado, resultando da análise das informações evidenciadas nos Demonstrativos de Resultados da Avaliação Atuarial (DRAA). Utilizou-se o método dedutivo por meio das informações contidas nas demonstrações do RPPS-IPRAM. Aplicou-se roteiro de entrevista aos servidores municipais e segurados do RPPS-IPRAM residentes no setor urbano. A natureza da pesquisadefine-se como aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa, registrando-se a existência de fragilidade na situação financeira e atuarial da entidade, em que os dados levantados demonstram desequilíbrio no comportamento do resultado atuarial e financeiro, e de acordo com os cálculos atuariais apontam um déficit técnico, pois as obrigações do plano superam de forma excessiva os seus direitos. Constatou-se pela pesquisa de campo o desconhecimento e o pouco entendimento dos servidores segurados acerca do RPPS. Conquanto, o IPRAM faz cumprir à luz da transparência pública e acesso às informações pleno acesso dos segurados às informações relativas à gestão do regime e participação destes, conforme prevê a Lei nº 9.717/1998.

Volleyball has developed into a highly competitive sport which requires a high level of physical and psychological fitness. The game at high level of competition requires quick, sudden movement and fast reactions. Volleyball matches have no time limit and matches can last several hours if the teams are evenly matched and for this the player has to be very sound physically as well as psychologically (Sandhu, 1989).

The closings years of the 20th century may be described as testing time for Indian women. They have been and still devasted by horrendous crime like rape, with government often remaining a spectator. The new crime of the present 21st century posing in unspeakable suffering for women is acid throwing on young and immature.

The women of today need to seek the power within them. The present paper is an attempt to emphasize on the recognition of self existent, quest for identity,and struggle for survival of women in Otthappu: The Scent of the other side.Ecofeminism as an ideology and movement finds that the oppression of women is interlinked to the oppression of nature with the same masculine centered attitudes and practices concerning to the patriarchal society. Ecofeminism has its roots in literature also.

Employment has featured as an important item in the development agenda in India. Approaches to the subject have, however, varied in different periods during the last over 50 years. In the initial years of development planning, unemployment was not expected to emerge as a major problem; yet care was taken to see that employment of a reasonable magnitude is generated in the development process to productively employ the growing labour force. A reasonably high rate of economic growth combined with an emphasis on labour intensive sectors like the small scale industry was envisaged to achieve this goal.

Prestar contas vincula-se à prática da publicidade e transparência na administração obedecendo aos princípiosda legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa teve como objetivo evidenciar as irregularidades praticadas pelos agentes do Poder Executivo, no tocante a obrigação de prestar contas dos maiores municípios rondonienses em termos populacionais: Ariquemes, Cacoal, Jaru, Ji-Paraná, Porto Velho, Rolim de Moura e Vilhena. Foi utilizado o método dedutivo com abordagem aplicada, exploratória e descritiva, sustentada por pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultadosda pesquisa apontaram um panorama da prestação de contas dos municípios de Rondônia (2011 a 2015) que mesmo com a fiscalização e auditoria realizada pelo Tribunal de Contas, bem como pelocontroleexercido pelo Poder Legislativo, os gestores não vem empenhando esforços na redução das irregularidades ao longo da gestão. Constou-se que os municípios rondoniensesmais populosos não apresentaram relatórios e demonstrativos referentes às prestações de contas nos portais da transparência. Destaca-se adificuldade dos gestores em administrar a coisa pública, considerando o aumento das irregularidades do primeiro ao último exercício analisado e a ausência de transparência nos portais de alguns Municípios.

A pesquisa apresentada refere-se ao Regime Próprio de Previdência Social (RPPS), no âmbito do Instituto de Previdência Municipal (IPRAM) do município de Espigão do Oeste (RO), objetivandose investigar a percepção e o conhecimento de servidores municipais segurados acerca do RPPS-IPRAM do Município de Espigão do Oeste – RO quanto à situação financeira e atuarial à luz da transparência pública e acesso às informações daquela entidade. Fez-se um levantamento de dados financeiros e atuariais do período de 2012 a 2016, verificando-se o equilíbrio financeiro e atuarial do período selecionado, resultando da análise das informações evidenciadas nos Demonstrativos de Resultados da Avaliação Atuarial (DRAA). Utilizou-se o método dedutivo por meio das informações contidas nas demonstrações do RPPS-IPRAM. Aplicou-se roteiro de entrevista aos servidores municipais e segurados do RPPS-IPRAM residentes no setor urbano. A natureza da pesquisadefine-se como aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa, registrando-se a existência de fragilidade na situação financeira e atuarial da entidade, em que os dados levantados demonstram desequilíbrio no comportamento do resultado atuarial e financeiro, e de acordo com os cálculos atuariais apontam um déficit técnico, pois as obrigações do plano superam de forma excessiva os seus direitos. Constatou-se pela pesquisa de campo o desconhecimento e o pouco entendimento dos servidores segurados acerca do RPPS. Conquanto, o IPRAM faz cumprir à luz da transparência pública e acesso às informações pleno acesso dos segurados às informações relativas à gestão do regime e participação destes, conforme prevê a Lei nº 9.717/1998. Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa no Observatório Social de Rolim de Moura (OSRM), município do estado de Rondônia, abordando-a como uma experiência empírica de mecanismo societário no controle da gestão de recursos públicos no cerne dos processos de licitação, analisando-se a atuação do OSRM a partir da percepção de seus associados mantenedores e voluntários. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e entrevistas com associados mantenedores e voluntários do OSRM. Os resultados se apresentam favoráveis quanto à atuação do OSRM, mesmo diante da escassez de recursos financeiros, que inviabiliza a contratação de pessoal para atuar de forma mais ativa em seus programas, alcançando assim os objetivos e finalidades da entidade. O quantitativo restrito de associados voluntários e a escassez de recursos humanos vinculados ao OSRM (empregados), impedem a participação e representação do OSRM em todos os processos licitatórios que ocorrem. Ainda assim verificou-se a existência de benefícios consideráveis como: a economia em processos licitatórios no período analisado (2009 até 2012) de R$ 35.342.597,27; e maior transparência nos processos de licitação por meio da publicidade realizada pelo OSRM.

The planet does not have inexhaustible natural resources and to seek sustainable alternatives for the reuse and recycling of the waste generated in the companies installed in the Industrial Polo of Manaus, the Amazon region is mandatory. The waste generated derives from the inputs used on a large scale in the production process of the companies installed in the Amazon region. In a large company, as the company researched in this work, are generated on average to the year 42.000 liters of oil, 533.000 kilograms of wood and 385.700 kilograms of organic waste. The focus of this work is to find alternative reuse and recycling of waste oil, wood and organic, which were previously incinerated, without energy recovery and generated atmospheric pollutants. Three new companies were researched, qualified and used today in the city of Manaus, the Amazon region, which recycle 100% of waste oils, reuse of 100% of the waste of wood and organic generated in the process of the company researched in this work. The first new qualified company, which recycles the oil residue, has in its process the macro filtering, water evaporation, micro filtration, addition of additives that transforms the oil residue into new oil. The second new company uses wood as fuel to heat a boiler that produces steam that is used in the process of Styrofoam packaging, avoiding the consumption of fossil fuels, having energy recovery. The third qualified new company uses the organic residue to produce animal feed. These improvements added valuable enhance to the enterprise and were represented a great impulse in sustainable sense.

School environment plays a crucial role in shaping the children for better education. If school environment is ideal and conducive for children’s knowledge development, a great step ahead for them in education. School environment includes not only infrastructure but also teaching- learning, Evaluation and Extra-curricular activities. done that much quick easily. If this is the condition in plains what will the status quo in hilly regions. The investigator hailing from Theni district often has seen the school environment of Estates in and around Theni and Dindigul. Both dstricts are covered by a large chunk of areas in Tea estates, cardamom plantations, coffee plantations and other herbal varieties. There the parents are sending their children to schools. The study on school environment in the estates as rated by school children will throw more light on their plight and help the investigator to bring out samples of the problems they are facing to the world. Hence, this study has been taken. The objectives of the study were: to find out the rating of estate workers children studying IX std. on school environment and to find out significant difference in the rating of estate workers children studying IX std. for school environment in terms of gender and medium of instruction.The investigator has followed random sampling method for the present study. The investigator has collected a sample of 100 IX std. students of estate workers studying Theni and Dindigul districts. The study has revealed that majority of the children of estate workers studying IX std. are having positive opinion on school environment. Nearly 90% of them have positive opinion.

Electronic trade isnt wilderness for doing worldwide business and exchange yet additionally offers different advantages to the business, government and customers on huge scale. Numerous organizations, associations, and networks in India are working together utilizing E-trade. Clients can buy anything appropriate from an Insurance Policy to pen o sitting easily in their office or home and blessing it to somebody sitting miles separated just by snap of a mouse. Simplicity of web access and route are the basic factors that will bring about quick appropriation of E-trade. Protected and secure instalment modes are basic to promote E-business in India. Despite the fact that it offers numerous advantages to clients, there are numerous purposes behind not shopping on the web like are absence of trust, security concerns, vulnerability about item and administration quality, delay or non-conveyance of products, and absence of touch-and-feel shopping knowledge. This paper assesses the situation of E-business in India and recognizes the issues and the future development of E-trade in India.

In the global context, sports have occupied a prime place in the international arena. Sports persons from divergent cultures, race, and societies meet and share their experiences, values and social realities. Recently, the sports happen to make the whole world a small sports village. The players find invaluable opportunity to reflect their uniform and common culture and race in terms of their values, perceptions and personality characteristics. Today sports education is gaining its due place all over the world. Training education and competitions in sports are being conducted scientifically and systematically. Interdisciplinary perspectives and knowledge have been adopted uninhibitedly. In India, sport has gained acceptance as a very major human enterprise with Olympics, International, National and Local competitions capturing the attention of the masses through Television, Radio, Newspapers, Journals and Magazines. Big money, industry, politics and science have gradually and quietly been acquiring respective roles. Pertaining to a large city. An urban area might be defined as an area with a large amount of people residing in it, an area that has been significantly developed, or an area where the distance between buildings is very small. Urban is used in contrast to rural, which generally indicates a low-population, often agricultural-based area.

The 21st century is a post-racial period in America. Racism has been practised overtly before the civil rights reforms of 1960s. In the present times, racism is difficult to spot because it works indirectly. The institutional structures are engrained with racial ideologies and therefore some people enjoy more privileges, facilities and advantages than other people. There is still great discrepancy between various facilities given to the white Americans and the black Americans. Structural racism has been a hurdle for African-Americans for enjoying equal access to education, employment, medical and accommodation facilities.

Indian society is a male dominated society; therefore the educated Indian women have to go long way to achieve equal right and position. Despite all the obstacles in their way, Indian women stand at a height from the rest of the crowd and are applauded for their achievements in their respective fields. Women entrepreneur is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. Many women start a business due to some traumatic events, but a new talent of pool of women entrepreneurs is forming today, as more women opt to leave corporate world to chart their own destinies.

Manufactures are interested increase their profit, but Personal care products is margin of profit on every individual product is less. a seller, most of his time, seeks buyers and tries to please them. In this study of consumer behaviour will facilitate the marketer in determining the size, form, style, colour, package, brand etc. The real problem is to learn what a customer takes into consideration when chooses a particular brand. The survey was conducted with the help of structured questionnaire.

In the present study the investigators made an attempt to compare the Mental Health of Normal and Special School Students in Purulia District of West Bengal. 180 Normal and Special Students were taken as representative sample of the whole population in Purulia District of West Bengal. For selecting the students stratified random sampling was adopted. Mental Health Inventory was used for collecting the data. The means of both groups were tested for significance of difference by using t-test. The study revealed that the Mental Health of Upper primary students in both Normal and Special schools, Normal schools and Special schools students in Purulia district of Wesst Bengal is neither high nor low i.e., satisfactory or average level in Mental Health. The study also revealed that there is no significant difference between the mental health of Rural and Urban, General and SC/ ST, Class VI and VIII, VII and VIII students in both Normal and special schools, Normal Schools and Special Schools. It is also found that the mental health of Male and female students in both normal and special schools and Normal schools did not differ significantly. On the other hand, the mental health of male and female students of special schools, the mental health of Normal and Special school students at Upper Primary level in Purulia District of West Bengal differ significantly.

Hughes was a man with a hope for change and he never forgot his roots or the importance of preserving pride in his people. He advocated a policy of racial desegregation. Equality was an idea whose time had come. So, when the times were right, Hughes voiced the most telling issue of his life with great moral authority; and when they were wrong, he pointed to better times that would surely come. He stresses the need of serious efforts to translate the deferred dream of American ideals into a reality so that all the marginalized and deprived sections including the African Americans get integrated into America’s collective identity as a nation. He hopes that one day his loneliness will definitely come to end and will wipe away every tear, every lament and every sense of pain. Evidently, he radiated joy and humanity and this was how he was remembered after his death.

The present study was undertaken with objective to explore the effect of personal values on adjustment pattern of Higher Secondary Students. It was conducted to examine the Personal Values, Locality and Gender as factors in adjustment pattern of Higher Secondary school Students. Keeping this in view, researchers selected a problem to study titled as “Exploring the Link between Personal Values and Adjustment Pattern”. A Normative Survey Method was used in the present study with a sample of 200 (N=200) Higher Secondary school Students. Personal Value Questionnaire (PVQ) developed by Sherry, G. P. and Verma, R. P. and Adjustment Inventory for School Students [AISS] by Dr. Sinha and Singh (1993) were used to measure the Personal Values and the level of adjustment respectively. Statistical methods like Mean, SD, Karl Pearson Coefficient of Correlation and t- test were applied for the analysis of data keeping in view of objectives and for testing hypotheses of the study. The findings of the study revealed that Personal Values, Locality and Gender were as factors in adjustment pattern of Higher Secondary school students.

The term parenting is used to explain the influence of parental behavior on child’s behavior and development. Similarly, parenting style refers to the overall emotional climate or sum of such specific parental practices adopted by the parents for rearing their children. The researcher here used Baumrind and Maccoby& Martin’s four parenting prototypes for classifying parents of the students. These are, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved. It is descriptive type quantitative research. The objectives of the study are, to find out parents’ parenting style of the students and their socio-economic status, to find out the differences between parental socio-economic status and gender of the students, and lastly the association of parenting style with socio-economic status of the students’ parents. Sample has been selected by applying purposive sampling method from Department of Education, University of Kalyani, West Bengal. The students are studying M.Phil. and Ph.D. in the above stated university. The total number of sample is 21. Survey method was used for collecting data by applying two self-constructed questionnaires, one for socioeconomic status and another for parenting style.All the students are adults with age range between 25 to 40. As the total number of sample is small, no statistical analysis was used. The result supported most of the review findings. The results show that Authoritative Parenting Style is the dominating style among the four parenting styles. About 86% of students accept authoritative as their parenting style and about 14% of students consider their parents as authoritarian. No permissive and uninvolved parents are found.No gender difference has beenfound in the parenting style. Another result shows that differences exist among male and female students in relation with parenting style and parents’ socio-economic status.

As the title suggests the present paper primarily attempts to investigate in to the literary contributions of Mustafa Khaliqdad Hashmi Abbassi, a literary giant and a translator of Emperor Akbar’s court, to Persian translations of Sanskrit texts. Further it throws light on the translation of Panchatantra preserved in the royal court of Emperor Akbar from Sanskrit in to Persian. It sheds light on the importance and relevance of Panchatantra even in the twenty first century modern world of science and technology. More over attempts have also been made towards highlighting its conversion in to the various languages of the world. An attempt has also been made here by chiefly examining, reviewing and interpreting its contents in order to understand Indian philosophy and wisdom. This paper will unravel the various facets of the features and characteristics of Panchatantra and its valuable contributions to the development of the world literature.

In the present world of competitionphysical resources, financial resources and most importantly human resources are playing an important role inthe organization’s success. Human resources are considered as most important asset of the organization. So, now most of the corporate world have started the costing and valuing of their human resource by using different methods of human resource accounting but still this concept is struggling for its acceptance. Different organizations have their different point of view regarding accounting of human resources. The main objective of the present study is tomake a comparative analysis of perception related to human resource accounting among selected public and private sector companies of India.Both primary and secondary sources were used for the collection of the dataand for the purpose of the study. It was found that the selected public and private sector companies of India have different opinions regarding three factors of human resource accounting and have same opinions on one factor of the human resource accounting. But these companies are well aware about the human resource accounting and its importancein managerial decision-making.

Affirmative action, in contemporary political philosophy, has been the most debatable issue. Some Philosophers say that there should not be any policy which is far from the equality before law and Affirmative Action is a policy of preferential treatment which is done to uplift the deprived and underrepresented class on the cost of others’ possession that is against the equality before law. While, some Philosophers say that there should be Affirmative Action for assuring a level playing field. It’s because there is disparity in social-economical scenario dispersed in the society. The deprived class is far from the favorable socio-economical scenario as the groups of main stream are entertaining. In this paper, I will try to define Affirmative Action in regards to three major concepts of Justice as Justice of Liberty Principle, Transactional Justice and Egalitarian Justice. The paper will conclude by advancing my own position regarding this issue.

The main object of George Orwell’s novels written during this early phase of his life was to propagate the social problems of the day. He criticized social evils caused by the imperialism and capitalism in these novels. However, his experience in the Spanish Civil War changed his outlook from capitalism to totalitarianism and this world view made him to write the novel with political purpose. Animal Farm is Orwell’s most popular and enduring masterpiece in which he tried to fuse the political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole. On a larger scale, the novel is viewed as an allegory for the rise and decline of socialism in the Soviet Union and the emergence of the totalitarian regime of Joseph Stalin. The present research paper is an attempt to interpret of Animal Farm on of the theory of the sociology of literature.

Counselling is a very relevant needed one at any time and any stage of personal life. Easley childhood needs guidance for a child to adjust to new situations and develops the ability to face problems and resolve them. Children should be encouraged to overcome many of their emotional inhabitation through play. Counselling has become increasingly accepted as a positive programme in educational institution. Educational counselling has emerged as a discipline to provide help to students of schools, colleges and universities such that they are not tormented by their paternal conflicts. Thus, counselling has become increasingly accepted as a positive programme in educational institutions.

Language is one of the most important tools of communication. It is not only an important means of communication but also a medium of exploring ourselves. It is language through which we have been articulating ourselves from time immemorial. Thus throughout the ages language has played a very significant role in our day to day life. Language has been playing the same role still now. But with the advent of modernity or better to say after the happening of the two destructive World Wars, it was felt as if the world was metamorphosed into a heap of broken images. And from then, the language, somehow, begins to lose, gradually, its pivotal role and silence and pause begin to play this role in modern plays. This paper is an attempt to highlight that the functions of silence and pause are no less important than the role played by language in modern plays and in order to establish this point I have chosen two well noted plays of modern period namely-The Birthday Party (1957) by Harold Pinter (1930-2009) and Waiting for Godot (1948) by Samuel Beckett (1906-1989).

The rural as the emerging market place poses challenges to the mass media sector. In under-developed economies the task of creating audiences gets more complicated and challenging. Mass media is a means which caters to a large audience with homogenous fare wherein all audiences are presumed to have the same taste. But this creates a tension of images and sounds, varied audience but similar choices. This paper aims at examining the situation of a rural audience which is bombarded with images and sounds made for an audience keeping in mind a different society with its own set of norms and culture. How this rural community comes to terms with such programming and their ways of appropriating such ideas although alien to them. How the rural people chose one medium over another and the circumstances that influence their choices, whether it be age, gender, or social status. The past two decades has seen a huge influx of media messages reaching the extreme corners of the Indian sub-continent. Communities which were thus far removed from receiving media messages came under the purview of mass media. Ethnic communities started to receive messages that were inconsistent with ideas and values that they held so dear. Thus these ethnic communities faced situations which were brought on by the advent of new technologies and such remote societies were not untouched by them. Younger generations were the one who adapted to mass media early and along with it other sociological changes started taking place in the lives of these communities.

Script as the vehicle of languages could be termed as the most momentous invention of human being. In the Indian sub-continent, the history of writing goes back to the days of the Harappans, when they had a script of their own which is not deciphered but AsokanBrahmi script was the first deciphered script of India. After that in succeeding centuries India had passed through many successive stages of Brahmi. In north India Gupta Brahmi evolved into a distinct new script i.e. Siddhamatrika or kutila script. In Eastern India Siddhamatrika gave rise to ‘‘ProtoBengali’’ script- the Eastern Indian derivatives of the Siddhamatrika. The name ‘‘Proto-Bengali’’ was used by Al-Beruni to indicate the alphabet of Eastern India and G.Bhler termed it ‘Proto-Bengali’. Proto-Bengali is the transition stage between the Siddhamatrika and the modern Bengali script and also the precursor of modern Bengali script. The ‘‘Proto-Bengali’’ script was widely used in undivided ancient Bengal (West Bengal, in India and Bangladesh), Bihar, Orissa, Assam and also in Nepal during the 10th to 14th centuries of the Christian Era in the official records (inscriptions, charters etc.) of the royal dynasties of the stated region. ‘‘Proto-Bengali’’ gave rise to the modern scripts like Bengali, Assamese and Maithili. In the history of Indian palaeography much work has been done on the Brahmi Scripts and its derivatives in Early India up to Gupta period but in the case of East Indian derivatives of Brahmi, a number of works has been done on Bengali script but there is no comprehensive work on ‘‘Proto-Bengali’’ script which is considered as the original form of the Modern Bengali script according to R.D. Banerji. So, a comprehensive study of ‘‘Proto-Bengali’’ script is desideratum.

The paper seeks to shed light on the phase by phase progress of study of early Indian art. According to the nature of writings, this progress may be divided into four important phases. At the initial stage, the Indian art was understood by the British scholars as carrying mystery, beauty, and romance of Indians past. This phase (1800-1850 A.D) was focused on only documentation, archiving and reporting of Indian art objects. In the second phase (1850-1900), first methodical approach starts with James Fergusson in the mid-19th century. But this phase was biased by British scholars they attempted to study Indian art objects from global perspective and western idea. But some Indian scholars like Ram Raz, Rajendralala Mitra have already started the text-based analysis of Indian art which was neglected by British scholars in this phase. The third phase (1900-1950) is important for native perspective which is already started by Rajendralala Mitra much earlier. This native perspective was continued by many Indian scholars. Most of them attempted to establish Indianness or Indian origin of Indian art. They also tried to place Indian art within the cultural context of India. This kind of native work is continued in the 4th phase of Indian art history. This phase is a stage of great revolution with a drastic change in perspective. Indian art as the reflection of its contemporary political, economic and social life received greater acceptance during this phase. Indian art history has been studied factually, analytically, critically, technically, philosophically, socially and theologically. The paper will focus on understanding and be interpreting Indian art by art historians since early 18th century till present.

Among the historical places of west Bengal, ‘Bangarh’ is an important place of India which is situated in Gangarampur.Bangarh is located at Gangarampur city in the Eastern part of India which is about 45 km south of Balurghat city of Dakshin Dinajpur district of West Bengal state and also nearer place of boarder place of Bangladesh country and 75 Kms. north-east from Malda town in the South Dinajpur District of West Bangal. It is also located far near about 350 Kms. from north of Kolkata and is about 300 Kms. south of Siliguri. Bangarh was famous for the administrative centre of Kotivarsha Vishaya (territorial division) and also was an important part of ancient time for the wider administrative unit of Pundravardhana Bhukti with the capital, Mahasthangarh.1 During the period of Chandras, Varmans and Senas.

‘Asking how much is enough’(Brown et al., 1991) raised a storm among Sustainable society during 1990s. The question was how much the human population needs to consume. Over-consumption of natural and man-made products created this title. The aspiration and desire of people became high. The 4.2 billion people of Developing Counties want the same lifestyle as individuals in More Developed Counties do. Thus the consumption via-a-vis Solid Waste generation have been increased hurriedly. Our life is a ‘Rat-race’ were we wish to adopt severe speed in our every development and thus to fulfil this objective we support industrialization, urbiculture and the way of Creole. We are trying to dress the Earth with plastic. But we overlook that with each step towards development bears some mal-development issues. World as well as the population of our country is increasing very hastily.

Women are biologically weak and especially their reproductive health is sensitive. Women must take much health care during pre-natal and post-natal stage and without which, there may be maternal mortality or infant mortality. Slum areas in urban areas are fully backward in terms of basic and health infrastructure. Hence, there are inadequate health care facilities and women are deprived from health care during pre-natal and post-natal stage. Hence, the present study is made to study the reproductive health issues of women living in selected slum areas of Kalaburagi city. The paper described the reproductive health issues of slum women in Kalaburagi city.

Burnout can be defined as; the state of physical and emotional depletion resulting from conditions of work. It is emphasized NonAccomplishment as the result of prolonged overwork and overextension. Burnout includes three unique Dimension of considered to be the result of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The main purpose of this study is to measure of burnout Dimension on director. This empiric research planned to be realized by surveying method. Director in province Denali have been reached and asked to participate in the study. The survey instrument included Burn-Out and demographic questions about the participants.

In the whole world everyone wants to live a peaceful life. But day by day with the development of technologies’ people are going to be impatience and busy. Various kinds of stress conflicts are coming into their live and everyday people are facing an unpleasant life. Peace is the concept of harmony and the absence of violence. When people are capable to resolve their stress and conflict then the peace is entering in their life. Peace Education is the mean by which we can achieve the values, the knowledge and develop the attitudes, skills and behaviours. It helps to live in the harmony with oneself, with others and with the natural environment. Peace Education in a school curriculum helps students in character development. This paper wants to highlight the concept of peace education and character developments and how peace education helps character development within students.

Kulik river of barind tract of Indo-Bangladesh has been experienced significant channel migration and avulsion. Frequent shifting of channel invites instability in life and livelihood pattern of the people concerned astride. So, it is very necessary the migratory behaviour of the channel, its zone of wandering and its consequences on land loss and land building. This study mainly intends to find out migration behaviour of the channel since 1951 to 2014, delineation of channel migration zone and assessing land building and land loss in very recent times. For capturing migration behaviour, indices like dynamic channel shifting index, index of channel shifting asymmetry and lateral stability index have been used. Historical channel migration zone has been identified overlying all the previous courses and land loss and build has been detected comparing channel courses of two phases. From the analysis, it is found that channel course is frequently migrates over time and reach specific variation does exist. Total area under historical channel migration zone is 82.679787sq.km; average width of this zone is 1.34km. Both area and width of the lower reaches are usually greater than upper reaches. Both land building and land loss have been running simultaneously but net land loss is 66.46% which is of great concern to the river bank dwellers. For safe living and safety of the properties, it is better not to implement heavy infrastructures in this region.

In the immense cycles of time it is but natural to witness the rise and fall of vast empires integrating forces build up empires while they crumble and fall down to pieces when the disintegrating political processes set in. permanency does not seem to be a factor in the progress of time. The older always seem to make room for the younger and more vigorous to be the causes what they may. History seems to be simply a repetition of the problem of adjustment and readjustment of countries in the political vocabulary. While there are many causes which fall under the keen observation of clever historians for the rise and fall of nations and empires, there may be still many more causes embedded in the womb of time, which elude his mental grasp and which are nevertheless as strong and potent-if not stronger as those which he is able to identify in their creation or destruction. The history of Bahamani Kingdom is full of political adversities, invasions and wars, usurpation and dynastic changes, but still it stuck to its noble ideals and achieved them with strenuous and steadfast efforts. Plentifully resourceful and fabulously opulent, the kingdom had a well established government, efficient administrative institutions, internal peace and security of life, facilities for the welfare and advancement of her subjects, agricultural growth, prosperous trade industries, towns and cities with teaming population, freedom of religion, amenities for education and learning(1). It is in this background the present paper makes an attempt to study the central government under the Bahamani Kingdom.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of leadership styles on the employee’s job satisfaction. To conduct the study, a descriptive survey research design was used and quantitative method was employed to analyze the data. The main instruments of data collection were questionnaires. A questionnaire with five points Likert scale was used to collectdata on different dimensions ofleadership styles and employees’ job satisfaction from 262participants working inthe selected department of production. This research has been conducted to determine the directimpact oftransformational, transactional leadership and laissez-faire leadership styleson jobsatisfaction the results showed that leadership styleand its transactional, andtransformational dimensionshave a significantly positive effect on both the employer and employee’sjob satisfaction. The results indicate that the transformational approach contributes the most toward job satisfaction compared to the transactional style of leadership. The research results are very important for the management of targeted Industrial park at the higher level. This research article makes some recommendations on the basis of the results.

In the 21st century the technologies have brought a revolution in the field of education. Today Educationists are believed that modern technologies can advance educational goals and shape education to meet the needs of the present time. Now-a-days most theorists and researchers agree that Technology is an important and potentially effective educational tool. National Policy on Education (2016) stated that the education sector, both school,and higher education, can greatly benefit by judicious use of Information Communication Technology (ICT).In education, we can take the benefit of technology only if the teacher possess techno-pedagogical competency. The main purpose of the present study is to provide an understanding of the importance of techno-pedagogical competency of teachers, role of teachers and the problems related to techno-pedagogy practices in higher education. The researcher also try to give some suggestions to the problems related to techno-pedagogical practices.

A study of the history and of mankind to the present position reveals that change and innovation is essential for expansion and greater adaptation to life and environment where education has been the key source. Information and communication technologies have made extemporization in the field of teaching learning process and a drastic change from the old example of teaching-learning process. Nowadays, there is equalization of knowledge. Therefore, we need to have interactive teaching and this changing role of education is unavoidable with the introduction of multimedia and spawning of technology acumen generation of youth. Problem-based learning is an innovative measure to encourage students to learn via real life problems. Teaching-learning activities can be improved by introducing the concept of Mind Map. Many other new approaches like Z to A approach, Mnemonics, Word to Word approach, Collaborative Learning, Role playing etc are rapidly bringing innovations in modern education.

Food, Clothing and Shelter are the three basic needs that each person in life works hands to afford or deserve. Actually, at the present time Socio-Economic characteristics and status are the most important issues all over the world especially in developing and under developed countries in the world.

Distance Education is that form of education in which learners can learn their lesson without being present physically or mentally in a formal classroom. ICT in Distance Education facilitates all the learners worldwide to improve their potentialities without any direct face- toface communication among the teachers or instructor and learners. Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, has introduced various online courses aiming at unlimited participation and open access via the web such as MOOCs, e- Pathshala, SWAYAM, Moodle, AAKASH project, E-PG-Pathshala etc. These facilities insist a learner to complete their education by distance mode, which is free from the limitation of exact time, fixed age, attendance etc and to decrease the rates of drop outs. The present paper focuses on, how ICT is becoming the engine to ensure the possibilities of Distance Education gradually.

High technology entrepreneurship is a blossoming term in today’s era, especially with respect to developing countries like India. High technology entrepreneurship refers to increase in the entrepreneurs with the help of technology. Many programs like Start Up India, Digital India, Skill India, Make in India, etc foster the growth of high technology entrepreneurship. Digitalization associated with various forms of learning, establishing and promoting education, have enabled aspirers to pursue their dream of being the “boss” instead of searching jobs in highly competitive and unemployment situations. The entrepreneurship, in its precise sense, means to work on a unique idea to create employment space for like-minded people. And when entrepreneurship gets merged with technology, a great boost in employment and economic status of the country takes place. The various initiatives taken by India are a way to encourage youth and upcoming generations to contribute to the development of the nation.This study enables the readers to understand how technology is adding to the concept of entrepreneurship and how technology will play a bigger role in future to enhance the upcoming generations as entrepreneurs in India.

This study was help companies to understand the marketing strategies of companies present in the Nagpur Division, factors affecting brands preference by farmers, and promotional strategy followed by companies to promote their products. It helps in understanding the potential opportunities to increase market share to the fertilizers companies to plan business expansion in case of losing market share players. It also helps to understanding the importance of brand promotion.

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The education is a vital role for socio economic progress and it is a main indicator for human development. Education provides one with the greatest opportunities of becoming successful in the modern society. The conscious of knowledge, qualities, skills, attitudes, and capacities, learning make possible individuals to become aware subjects of their development and liable participants in a organized process of creating a innovative world. The Indian literacy rate grew from 12 per cent at the end of British period 1947 to 74.04 per cent in 2011. Literacy is an important segment of Tamil Nadu economy. It is one of the most literate states in India. According to 2011 Census, Literacy rate in Tamil Nadu has been upward trend and is 80.09 per cent, which is higher than the national average. The male literacy stands at 86.77 per cent and female literacy is at 73.14 percent. At present, Tamil Nadu has 50 universities (19 state universities, two central universities, 29 deemed universities), 552 (in 2014) engineering colleges (seven of them are Government/aided colleges, twenty of them are Autonomous colleges and the rest are self financing colleges and four are University departments within Anna University), 29 medical colleges (in 2017), 1150 arts & science colleges, 53,722 schools (34,180 primary schools, 9938 middle schools, 4574 high schools, 5030 higher secondary schools).

The present study aims to evaluate the radio-protective effects of bio-encapsulated chironomous larvae with shilajit on Zebra fish (Danio rerio). The Zebra fish were divided into three experimental groups and control group, each group containing ten fish. The three experimental fish groups, group I, group II, group III were fed with 3,5, and 7ppm shilajit encapsulated chironomous larvae and group IV served as a control fed with non-enriched diet. After 30 days of feeding trial, fish were irradiated with X-Ray at single acute dose of 1 Gy. Haematological parameters were analysed 72 hours of post-irradiation. Among the experimental groups 7ppm shilajit fed fish group shows the most significant radio-protective effects compared with control and other experimental fish groups. The present study indicates that shilajit have exemplary radio-protective capability.

Media plays a very important role to present any kind of idea. It is only the media which is able to popularize any idea or notion either positively or negatively. For this so many problems arise among the people of the whole world. The Westerners have some stereotypical ideas about Orientals. Among so many other problems Islamophobia is a burning problem in the whole world. For this the Muslims, more particularly, the immigrant Muslims are not considered sometimes as human beings. There is a kind of negative impression about the Muslims that they all are terrorists— media has a great contribution to promote this idea. They are deprived of religio-socio-political and civil rights. Karan Johar in his film My Name is Khan has brilliantly portrayed this idea. This paper endeavors to make a critical study on the burning issue of Islamophobia on the basis of the film My Name is Khan.

Thea2u globulin is a major urinary protein (MUP), belongs to lipocalins super family. It is synthesized in the liver and excreted through urine. It acts as a carrier protein. It has low molecular weight so it is easily bind with pheromonal compounds. The physiological role of several lipocalins has been associated with the transport of hydrophobic compounds in aqueous biological fluids. These kinds of proteins give a protection to the pheromonal compounds when they are released from the external environment. In the present investigation made identification of a2u globulin in mare’s urine by MALDI-TOF analysis. Mass spectrum of 18.5 kDa protein was obtained by MALDI-TOF and the mono isotopic number of spectra were scored and analyzed with MASCOT search. Results of MASCOT search showed the presence of a2u-globulin in the first hit in the search list and the score was higher than the significant level (significant level was 51) It indicates that, the sequence search and alignment studies experimentally proved that the acquired protein sequence of mare’s urine perfectly matched with a2u-globulin of mammalian origin. This concept significantly proved that the identified protein was small peptide with molecular weight of 18.5 kDa.

The research attempts to study the consumer buying behavior of cosmetic products in an Indian settings, specifically with reference to Nagpur City .The purpose of this paper is to investigate the various factors that has impact on buying decision of consumers. In this paper, respondents were selected by convenient sampling method and data was analyzed and interpreted with the help of statistical techniques.

Sanjai Prasad (18), a second year diploma student, committed suicide in his house in Tirupur on 16th July 2018. The protesters alleged that Prasad ended life following disciplinary action taken by a teacher. (The Hindu). But Suicide is not a remedy for a temporary problem. Talking globally, more than eight lakh (800000) people die every year due to suicide, one person every 40 seconds and suicide rate has increased up to 60% from last 45 years worldwide as per the reports of WHO. It occurs at all stages, but it is the second leading cause of death among youth in the world. Now in country like India every hour fifteen (15) suicides took place (NCRB-2015). When we talk about Indian adolescent suicides they are increasing at a fast rate, with 26 suicides reported every 24 hours. Even though, every religion of the world highly condemns it. Suicide means self killing or self murder. Suicide is undoubtedly an intricate phenomenon and there is not a single determinant rather there are several risk factors of suicide among adolescents, which involves mental, physical, economical, social, biological etc. Symptoms/warning signs of adolescent suicides can be very easily recognised if keenly observed, therefore suicides can be prevented. It is predicted that India will have youngest population in 2020 with median age of 29. With this fabulous forecast, we must have the knowledge of important determinants and risk factors of suicide among adolescents and should try to create an environment which will be very conducive and promote positive wellbeing for them. It is everybody’s duty to prevent suicide as our one minute help, call and talk can save somebody life who is badly hurt and needs support and encouragement, but this course of action should start first from parents as their role is immensely important and can’t be replaced by anyone.

The biggest tsunami, which struck eleven nations that border the Indian Ocean, was a total surprise for the people living there. A lot of seismic networks recorded marine earthquake, but there was no tidal sensors other than wave sensors to provide confirmation as to whether a tsunami had been generated. There were no established communication network or organization infrastructures to pass a warning of any kind to the people living at coastlines. No tsunami warning system exists for the Indian Ocean as it exists in the Pacific Ocean. There should need for early warning Centre set up in the Indian Ocean and every country within the Indian Ocean part of this for sharing information.

Placement of the engineering graduates is the major issue in the country. Recruiters from various industrial sectors are not satisfied with skill acquired by the engineering graduates. Skill gap among the engineering graduates are not fulfilling the needs of the corporate world. Not only the individuals but organisation and nation are also suffering from the skill issues among the engineering graduates. To overcome the skill gap among the engineering graduates an attempt has been made by the researchers in this paper to study the year wise skill requirement for the engineering students. Based on this study, a training and placement model for the enhancement of the students’ skills and placement has been designed and developed. This training and placement model is divided into five phases during graduation period. By implementing training and placement model, engineering institutes can be able to develop the needful and specific skills among students, which ultimately lead for placement of the students.

Everyone says that Health is Wealth and it is true. Because, if a person has lot of wealth, but due to poor health he cannot use it, then there is no use of that wealth. Hence, it is necessary to give an importance to the student’s health in an education system. Because health is a central and important factor in all round development of the students’. The present study discusses about the Health with other correlated variables in Students of different types of Schools by (Private aided, Tribal Department, Social Welfare) management. The sample size was 493 Students, which include 189 boys and 304 girls’ of Nandurbar District. The Descriptive method was used for the present study. The central tendency and variability and Analysis of variance, t-test & correlation (r) used to describe and analyze the data. The major finding of the research is that, there is a significant difference in total health, physical health & mental health of students on the basis of schools management. The t-test shows that girl students have good social health and perceive better school healthy environment than boys.

Adjustment of a person is based on building harmony between his personal characteristics and the demands of the environment, of which he is a part. Personal and environmental factors work side by side in bringing about this harmony. Quality of a nation depends upon the quality of education imparted to its citizen which in turn depends upon the quality of its teachers. The quality of a teacher is judged through his work and behavior which in turn depends upon the degree of his adjustment with his self and his environment. The assessment of the degree of a teacher’s adjustment or mal-adjustment may prove helpful in controlling the hazards and bringing improvement in the field of education.

Education is never ending process. It starts from the very conception and passes through all stages of life till end. Education is regarded as the richest treasure of man, now it is treated as a basic need. We need quality teachers for quality education in the country, for quality teachers we need quality teacher education system. Teacher education system should upgrade according to the changing world. Teacher education should adopt modern technological tools in their teaching practice. Pre-Service Teachers can use technological advancements in their practice teaching, Microteaching and simulation classes. Here in the present study the use of Mobile Video Recording for Pre-Service teachers’ simulated lessons as feedback tool for self analysis has shown.

Whenever we think about the Goa, the main theme comes into the mind is the that of Beaches, Temples and churches, waterfalls. Goa is a full package of tourist destination. tourism industry in Goa is a major engine for the development of Goan Economy. The National Tourism Policy has been created a benchmark effect in the Indian history. This policy created multiplier effect in the field of employment generation, economic development. Unlike Kerala Goa is the only state, where beaches are the main point of the tourism industry. Because of this reason Goa is known as the ‘beach country of India’. The development of hospitality and good infrastructure, Goa has been able to attract more number of International Tourist. At the same time Goa has been seen as the global icon in the Tourism map of the world. For the relaxation purpose Goa has been seen as heaven.

HR Remedy India is one of the most lending Consultancy. HR Remedy is based in Pune with its main office at Baner and second branch at Aundh. It was established in the year 2009 under the Directorship of Mr. Sachin Patel. It works for recruitment of human resource for the market as well as provides training to candidate seeking for job and lacks some abilities in them. The main aim of the company is to provide excellent service to the employers by understanding their needs and requirement of their organization. It can be rightly said that HR Remedy is working as a perfect bridge between the employers and the employee with a view to satisfy needs by placing the best suitable candidate at place.

Today WhatsApp is considered as the most prevalent platform for online social networking among the students. The purpose of this present study is to quantity usage of social networking sites i.e. WhatsApp which transmitting information for students’. The study carried out for higher secondary students. A questionnaire was designed to measure the usage of WhatsApp by the students, 200 students were selected as sample using stratified random sampling technique. Variables identified are time spent on WhatsApp. An analysis of the results was carried out using the SPSS software package. And the findings of this study shows that time spent on WhatsApp transmitting plentyof knowledge and improves technological skills.

The Tax is very much beneficial for the consumers in the aspects of payment of taxes that is we all have to pay separate tax at the state level and at central level for the goods and services purchased. In order to overcome the problems the government of India simply the direct tax as well as indirect tax and implemented GST (Goods and Service Tax) on 1 st July, 2017. GST, one of the biggest tax reforms in India is all set to assimilate Economies of the State and boost up the overall economic growth. GST is the only indirect tax that directly connects all the sector of Indian economy thus enhancing the economic growth of the country by creating a single unified market. It is single regime tax system which makes India One Nation One Tax by subsuming both Indirect tax levied by the Central government and State government. Amalgamation of central and state taxes will help in boosting Indian economy and enhancing its position in International markets. The GST based taxation system brings more transparency in taxation system and increases GDP rate and reduces tax theft and corruption in the country. Thus, Input tax credit has made GST beneficial for consumers. It also reduces the tax burden on manufacturers and thus encourages for the higher production. This process will increase the export of India, and it will increase the total GNP. Thus, the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax is an extremely notable step in the field of indirect tax reforms in India economy.

Objectives: 1 To study of marital adjustment among Old married couple and New married couple. 2.To study of marital adjustment among male and female.Hypotheses:1.Marital adjustment would be high in New Married Couple than Old Married Couple. 2.Marital adjustment would be low in male than female subjects. Sample:The present study was carried out on 25 new married couple and 25 old married couple at Mumbai city of marriage duration between 1 to 5 years for new married couple and 20 to 25 years for Old married couple. Tool: The marital adjustment questionnaire (MAQ) is developed by Dr. Pramod Kumar and Dr. Kanchan Rhtogi.

John Osbornes "Luther" is based on the historical reformer, yet the play remains characteristically Osbornes. Martin is not an Antichrist but still he goes against the existing Christianity, the Church. What he denounces is not sincere Christianity but insincere Christianity, and those who are unchristian in their practice but never the less profess Christianity, as well as those who superficially seem Christian in their practice but whose motivations and state of mind are essentially unchristian. If Osbornes Luther is blasphemous, he is angry at the queer and sick world into which the Gospels introduce us. Osbornes prophetic indignation through Martin is against those who limp on both legs : He seems to question directly the decency of those respected statesmen in our society, who are anti —Christians out and out in their deeds, and still call themselves Christians today and attend, Communion. In such case, who then does Christianity negate? Osborne also opposes faith as that which modern man glibly professes just because he goes to communion.

The present investigation deals with the study of leaf anatomy, nodal anatomy and stomatal features of Rotala densiflora (Roth ex R &S) kohene belongs to family Lythraceae. The species of Rotala found in moist, muddy and rocky places. The leaves are opposite decussate and sessile. The node is unilacunar one traced. The leaves are dorsiventral and amphistomatic Stomata are more on lower surface of leaf. The mucilage cells are common in occurrence. The vascular bundle is bicollateral, solitary and arc shaped parenchymatous cortex with large air spaces.

Educational film show is an effective instructional device which has great appeal among the learners. An effective educational film show maintains three stages. These are - preparation stage, presentation stage, and follow-up stage. Educational film show can play a great role in making learning joyful. It has several advantages and positive effects in learning outcomes. It has also some disadvantages. But if it can be used in proper manner and by maintaining a few precautions, it will be very helpful for the young learners.

Sustainability is the curative way by which we can wisely protect our world for our next generation. A sustainable future involves an age, where we can preserve different types of resources for our future population besides our own need and satisfaction. We should be aware of and conscious enough about sustainable development so that we know how a healthy environment, food and relevant things are provided to them. A book, a wise thought and a dream can save our tomorrow’s world. Education can miraculously materialize such dream. It allows learners to acquire the skills, capacities, values and knowledge required to ensure sustainable development. A properly planned curriculum can fulfil our dream to secure a sustainable future where present demands can be supplied, and at the same time, resources can be retained for the coming days. This article will closely examine the endeavours which are initiated by highest thinking bodies to meet the present needs as well as to secure the right preservation of resources for future use.

The Vaisesika system is next to Samkhya in origin and is of greater antiquity than the Nyaya. It may be prior to and is certainly not later than Buddhism and Jainism. The word is derived from Vishesa which means particularity or distinguishing feature or distinction.The vaishesika philosophy, therefore, is pluralistic realism which emphasizes that diversity is the soul of the universe. The category of vishesa or particularity is dealt with at length in this system, and is regarded as the essence of things.According to Vaisesika philosophy, quality is that category which subsists in substance but in which no other quality or action can in here.Qualities cannot exist without substance and hence they are said to be other-dependent. As has been stated that only substance can be the material or constitutive cause of action.

A taboo is a prohibition against a particular activity, usually rooted in a cultural or moral belief. Objects, people and places may also be described as taboo, meaning that they are forbidden or that specific rules surround them. Many cultures have taboos surrounding the handling of the dead, spoiled food and other activities which could be dangerous, and it is possible that what started out as practical advice turned into a taboo as a society evolved. Likewise many cultures have complex rules about how to behave around royalty which undoubtedly stemmed from concerned rulers who wanted to considerable and strengthen their power. Some cultural taboos in this particular area include avoiding shaking hands with a person of the opposite sex because it is deemed rude at here.

With increase urbanization more and more people are pulled and pushed towards the urban center. Which result into heavy concentration in with in limited special extend of the urban areas leading to greater demand of services which unfortunately urban areas most of the time fails to full fill . This result into degradation of urban environment and increasing chaos of urban life in order to prevent such chaos and degradation to happened what we need is an administrative structure in the urban areas which will mitigate such crises.Urban governance provides for such and administrative structure which can manage the increasing population and provide for the ever increasing need infrastructural needs of urban centers. Governance is the enabling environment that requires adequate legal framework, efficient political, managerial and administrative processes to enable the local government response to the needs of citizens. It can be defined as many ways that institutions and individual organize the day to day.Management of a city, and the processes used for effectively realizing the short term and long term agenda of a city’s development. Urban governance is the software that enables the urban hardware to function. Effective urban governance is characterized as democratic and inclusive; long term and integrated; multi scale and multilevel; territorial; proficient and conscious of the digital age.

Education should train the mind of the students to think openly and allow them think independently without expecting them to rote the facts and theories. Therefore, it is rightly said by Albert Einstein that we need to provide the learning experiences which train the mind to think rather than allowing them to learn the facts blindly. Students need to understand the reason behind every fact. This can be possible through various skills and critical thinking is one of the skills amongst all which emphasis and train the mind of the students to think, to analyze, to apply, to summarize, to synthesize the information in meaningful way. Here, technology supporting in many ways to train the mind of students. Web Quest Programme is one of the eLearning platforms, which help the students to think differently and providing an opportunity to solve the problems through using critical thinking skills. Present study discuss about the effectiveness of Web Quest Programme for developing critical thinking skills in English language among secondary school students. Sample size is the 102 of Standard VII the SSC board students studying in the English Medium School consider for the study. The t-test scores between the control and experimental group for critical thinking skills is 0.00. It indicates that there is a significant effect of Web Quest Programme on students’ Critical Thinking Skills.

Job satisfaction depends upon many things. If workplace environment is good, employees try to give their best results. Relationship among employees play very important role to get the expected results. If employs are allowed to participate in decision making, they feel that they are working for their own institution and the institution can secure the best performance from the employees. Workers also need motivation from the management. Rewards and recognition play very important role in the better performance of employees. All these above mentioned things are interrelated and they contribute in the job satisfaction of employees. Job satisfaction cannot be counted in monetary terms only. It has many aspects.

The present study was aimed to find out the professional commitment and job satisfaction of secondary school teachers. Survey method was conducted on a stratified random sample of 150 teachers in Thanjavur district. Data was analyzed by t-test. Results found that there is significant difference in professional commitment between male and female secondary school teachers and there is no significant difference in professional commitment between rural and urban secondary school teachers. Findings also indicated that there is no significant difference in job satisfaction of secondary school teachers with regard to gender and locality.

As a family drama Anita Desai’s clear Light of Day moves us as our own ties with the society is through family. The early tensions and complexities are finely resolved towards the end of the novel exposing some dark spots that strike me. The reasons for calling particular events dark come within the purview of my analysis. I have tried to bring those events to the foreground of the novel. The entire course of the novel as well the happy ending draws my attention to be minutely analysed. Dark spaces pervade the novel. Some of the darkness is overt while some is covert. My object in this paper is to unwrap the issues that are detrimental as well as unwanted in our family and social life, though they play significant role in the context of the novel.

Learning English has become inevitable today. Life without the knowledge of English and computers will be very hard in the forthcoming years. Realizing the importance of English, all the countries have given a special place for English in curriculum. In India also English has been taught in schools from the primary level. There are many methods to teach English. Cooperative learning is an effective method. It includes various techniques. Role- play is one such technique which can be used to teach English - especially plays. The present paper illustrates effect of Role-play Technique of Teaching on Achievement in English among Senior Secondary Students. It is an experimental study. The objective of the study was to find out the effect of Role-play technique on achievement of senior secondary students. The study found that Role - play is an effective technique. There is significant difference between the students taught through Traditional Method and students taught through Role-play. The students of Experimental Group taught through Role-play technique have scored better than the students of Control Group taught through Traditional Method of teaching. The study has also found that there is no significant difference between the boys and girls in their achievement in English.

Images of animals working as signs and symbols and their relation with the deep recess of the human mind have become a big area of interest for not only researchers but also for the common educated man and woman. With the perspective of modern knowledge about symbolic values of animal images, Shakespeare’s Macbeth may be revisited as the play uses a huge range of animal images. The play not only represents the biodiversity of nature but hints at the deep psychological relation we hold with diverse creatures of nature. This paper analyzes the key animal images used in the play and restructures our perception about Shakespeare’s immortal creation.

This paper intends to highlight earnings and investment pattern of female investors. The study finds that nature investment depends upon the level of earnings and saving there from. The preference of investment avenues, pattern and behavior of investment are affected not only by financial issues but also by socio-psychological issues. Present paper evaluates investment pattern and criteria adopted by female investors while investing their savings. A lot of women never learn about banking, insurance, investments, how get their money to grow. They are smart, have good job, are earning well, but they never learn about, money. But when sadly, things go wrong- e.g. they lose their husband because of an accident or some other reason, apart from emotional pain , there comes a bigger pain in life i.e. taking care of the children’s financial needs and overall finances. But then she has no idea how to invest money to ensure that children’s education is funded, her retirement is secured. So it is very important to know investment behavior to take necessary measures to manage risk, Real returns, taxes, asset allocation strategy, choosing right investment options. The data was collected by a structured questionnaire to 30 respondents. It is found that majority of female investors preferred to invest their saving in Bank deposits and then in Insurance, Gold respectively. It is also observed that all respondents irrespective of age, gender, income level seek better returns on their investments followed by security of investment.

Telecommunication is one of the prime support service is needed for growth of all country. Telecommunication helps the business to do better in getting customers and identify the suppliers. Individuals are getting information and their regular life and it helps for education. Getting customers and retain them is very difficult, understanding customers need is another pain to the service providers. So, this study is important to study the Customer Relationship Management practices of the mobile service providers. The objectives of the study are (i) to study the socio economic profile of the sample respondents in the study area (ii) to present the variance between the socio economic profiles and CRM practices of network service providers and (iii) to offer suggestions to the service providers. The researchers used percentage analysis and ANOVA for this study to find the variance between the socio economic profile and CRM practices of network service providers. Five point likert scale used for this study. They concluded that the users are practiced with technological development, later they be in the same network and pay for their consumption of service. These activities may do through their employees, the effective customer relationship management will leads to effective training to the employees. The aim of the network service providers will fulfill through effective CRM.

Our Prime Minister, Sir.Narendra Modi focuses more & added on digitalization Process in our nation so that through the usage of the latest Technology of India improve their living standards & connect in the global era. Digital India has also started with the purpose of make in India totally digital so the various Comparison Focus on digital marketing for the market of your Products & services. Digital marketing Channel Digital selling is facilitated by numerous channels, the main objective of the Advertiser is to find channels that Result in the maximum mutual communication & improved Global Return of Ethic (ROI) for the product.

Children need to be entertained and cartoons always provide a great amount of fun and entertainment to kids. Along with it, it also completes their childhood. Cartoons give children the freedom to imagination, but how much of cartoons is good for the child to view and for how many hours is it recommended is what the paper focuses on telling with regard to various factors that have psychological effect on children.

International law is a law regulating international actions. It’s divided to public and private. The public seeks to coordinate policies of states; the private governs international activities and transactions between the people belonging to different states. Thus, Contract between persons from different states conclude according to the private international law rules.it deals with three main aspect such as jurisdiction, choice of law and Enforcement of Foreign Judgment. This article deals with express choice of law and implied choice of law clauses in the international commercial transactions and indicates where to refer if disputes arise? And what law is applicable to resolute disputes?

The Human Resource Management is important for banks because banking is a service industry. Management of people and management of risk are two key challenges faced by banks. Efficient risk management may not be possible without efficient and skilled manpower. As banking institutions are the backbone of a nations economy, the efficient management of human resource and the maintenance of higher job satisfaction and customer satisfaction levels affect the growth and performance of an entire economy. Therefore, the primary aim of the study to analyze human resource management practices and its effect on job satisfaction and customer satisfaction with the public sector banks in Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu.

Generally we know that Islam is the religion of the Muslim. Islam is not only a religion but also a total life system where Islam instructs the followers (men and women) to do the right actions and not to do the wrong actions. ‘Qur’an’ and ‘Hadith’ are the two great elements of Islam. In the various places of Qur’an and Hadith the word ‘Ilm’ which means knowledge is used in terms of education. The importance and excellence of education has been highlighted both directly and indirectly in Qur’an and Hadith. Qur’an is the source of all knowledge. Islam has a modern outlook for earthly education as well as religious education. The first & all embracing need of Education in Muslim society today is that it should be realistic, related to life. Education has a special role in order to play it successfully in society today. But the Muslim have been a backward section because of history, because of circumstances and social force have kept them down, but through the studies and researches on Modern Education as reference to Qur’an and Hadith we are trying to change the social force. Education is an attempt to improve the position of men, to make them educated and to make the people realize that Education can contribute to the socio-cultural and socio-economic development of the nation.

Before independent in India, the women education is very slow and limited to upper strata of society but after independence it was tremendously increased. So the empowerment is one of the most important issues in the process of development not only in west Bengal but all over India. Empowerment of women can help improve women’s position in society. Empowerment of women is a holistic concept. It is a multi dimensional approach and it covers social, political and economic aspect. Women empowerment can be achieved through the provision of adequate education facilities, political support and effective legislation system for women. This paper has deals with the roles of NGOs in women empowerment with special reference in the state of West Bengal. This study has used secondary sources of data, such as different NGOs journal, news paper, annual report etc. NGOs play a vital role of women empowerment. These agencies will provide basic education, vocational training, and training for self- employment and self awareness programme to women.

The present study aims to evaluate the radio-protective effects of bio-encapsulated chironomous larvae with shilajit on Zebra fish (Danio rerio). The Zebra fish were divided into three experimental groups and control group, each group containing ten fish. The three experimental fish groups, group I, group II, group III were fed with 3,5, and 7ppm shilajit encapsulated chironomous larvae and group IV served as a control fed with non-enriched diet. After 30 days of feeding trial, fish were irradiated with X-Ray at single acute dose of 1 Gy. Haematological parameters were analysed 72 hours of post-irradiation. Among the experimental groups 7ppm shilajit fed fish group shows the most significant radio-protective effects compared with control and other experimental fish groups. The present study indicates that shilajit have exemplary radio-protective capability.

The aim of this study is to examine the relations between mess environment and students academic performance. The main objective of the study is to analyze the relationship of mess environment with academic performance of post graduate students. Mess environment meant to the Messs internal physical and social environment and the academic achievement means is the outcome of education, the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goal. Descriptive Survey Research design was used in which the data was collected from 200 respondents. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the relevant sample or respondents. To measure academic achievement the researchers have considered the score percentage of the last semester examination of post graduate students. On the other hand, to measure the influences of mess environment on academic achievement the researchers prepared a questionnaire with eight mess environmental dimensions those are, -internal facility, learning facility, communication with roommates, communication with others resident (boarder), discrimination, addiction. recreation and violence. The questionnaire consists of 40 questions of statements of various environmental, psychological and sociological aspects. The data was analyzed using Karl Pearsons Product Moment r" and scatter diagram to find the relationship among the selected variables. The findings of the study indicate that learning facility in mess environment is highly related to academic achievement and Some mess environmental characteristics are not significantly related to the academic achievement. The students in messes not only learn the academic subjects, it is also help them to enhance the essential social, personal abilities.

Thea2u globulin is a major urinary protein (MUP), belongs to lipocalins super family. It is synthesized in the liver and excreted through urine. It acts as a carrier protein. It has low molecular weight so it is easily bind with pheromonal compounds. The physiological role of several lipocalins has been associated with the transport of hydrophobic compounds in aqueous biological fluids. These kinds of proteins give a protection to the pheromonal compounds when they are released from the external environment. In the present investigation made identification of a2u globulin in mare’s urine by MALDI-TOF analysis. Mass spectrum of 18.5 kDa protein was obtained by MALDITOF and the mono isotopic number of spectra were scored and analyzed with MASCOT search. Results of MASCOT search showed the presence of a2u-globulin in the first hit in the search list and the score was higher than the significant level (significant level was 51) It indicates that, the sequence search and alignment studies experimentally proved that the acquired protein sequence of mare’s urine perfectly matched with a2uglobulin of mammalian origin. This concept significantly proved that the identified protein was small peptide with molecular weight of 18.5 kDa.

The caste system originated in the Tamil society on the basis of the different professions undertaken by the people. The people, who were exploiting the working classes, without doing any physical labour, created a sense of caste superiority and inferiority among the people, positioning themselves as superiors and treating the working class people as inferiors. Apart from regional and local occupational variations the Dalit had mainly two main categories of hereditary occupations namely leather processing cleaning or sweeping. A particular caste working as remover of night soil and cleaner of latrines belongs to a well defined group in the Indian social structure. All such kind of workers in India are today covered under the general term “Scavenger”

The present study was aimed to find out the grammatical knowledge and academic achievement in Tamil among XI standard students. Survey method was conducted on a sample of 250 XI standard students. Data was analyzed by using t-test and r-value. Result found that the level of grammatical knowledge in Tamil gained by XI standard students based on group is average. Findings also showed that there is no significant difference between science and computer science group XI standard students with regard to their grammatical knowledge in Tamil, there is positive relationship between grammatical knowledge in Tamil gained by XI standard science group students and their academic achievement, and there is positive relationship between grammatical knowledge in Tamil gained by XI standard computer science group students and their academic achievement.

The aim of the study was to find out the effect of vital capacity and swimming performance among beginners in swimming. This study was the training based study for a period of four weeks time. 30 beginners were selected from Pondicherry State. Vital capacity and Swimming performance were tested among the beginners of swimming. Their age ranged between 17 to 21 years. All the 30 swimmers were divided into three equal groups. Experimental group I, Experimental group II and Control group III. Basic Swimming with Dry Land Training and Basic Swimming Training was given as Training programme. Before and after the training period Vital Capacity and Swimming Performance were tested and carried out for Statistical Treatment. Results indicated that Basic Swimming with Dry Land Swimming Training enhanced the ability of the swimmers compare to Basic Swimming Training. Four Weeks Training programme showed significant improvement in Vital Capacity and Swimming Performance among the Beginners. The Dry Land Training improve the Swimming performance not only Experimental Group I but it shows the significant improvement in Experimental Group II.

Emerging technologies like e-learning and cloud computing has been increasingly and widely used in the field of education. The learning process is conducted through e-Learning system, which makes it possible for students to be able to join learning from anywhere, anytime with the internet connection.Virtual class feature can help simulation for students to solve problem in learning. Effective class can be used for practicum lessons.Cloud computing in education is mainly concentrated on five areas: conceptual and pedagogical aspects, educational applications, processing of information and resources, pros and cons of cloud computing in education, and database management system integrated with cloud-based services and also it provides a comprehensive discussion of the impact of cloud computing in these areas.The ‘Classroom of the Future’, a new interactive entry formed by Hope Education that discovers a way in which schools could determine the abilities of today’s children as intense adopters of technology. The government faces in providing education is the lack of structure and if it is accessible, it should be preserved properly and other issue are obtaining and upholding a wide range of hardware and software which is adequate, constantspeculation and the skills of the students.

The term ‘Northeast India’ as a modern construction referred by academicians, policy makers to refer India’s easternmost eight states into one homogenous identity. It was the British rulers who referred this region as ‘North East Frontier’ to identify its own geographical specificity. From colonial period to post-colonial period still the region is being considered as one homogenous category which undermine the dynamic specificity of this region. This paper is an attempt to understand the reorganization and accommodation of Northeast India under Indian federalism.

Women of the Vedic period (circa 1500-1200 BCE), were epitomes of intellectual and spiritual attainments. The Vedas have volumes to say about these women, who both complemented and supplemented their male partners. When it comes to talking about significant female figures of the Vedic period, seven names - Arundathi,Ghosha ,Lopamudra,Maitreyi, Romasa, Sati Anusuya,Vaak Ambrani - come to mind.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to find out that democracy, how much can fulfill the demand of general people, when there is a clear picture of violent nationalism and fierce autocracy is slowly comes into the screen of national and international level of politics; at the same time by analyzing the merits and demerits of democracy and autocracy, we will measure how much they are involved and helpful to the development of a country.

Public libraries have always been the door to learning for a great majority of the populations that they serve. They are knowledge centers and contribute to lifelong learning. For India, The public library has to serve as a cultural and educational centre of the community in which it is located. It has to serve as a school, college or university of the community.

The present paper focuses on the role of freedom fighters of Gulbarga district of Hyderabad Karnataka in September 1948 Gulbarga officially known as kalburagi is a city in Indian state of Karnataka. India previously it was the part of Hyderabad state. it was in corporated into a newly formed Mysore state. Kalaburagi city is governed by municipal corporation & is in Kalaburagi urban region, It is called one of the Sufi cities having famous religious places like sharanabasaveshwar temple Buddha vihar, khwaja banda nawaz. Gulbaraga was renamed kalaburagi kal means stone in kannada buragi means fort effective November 2014.

The first recorded instance of a self-help group formation was in Gujarat in the year 1954. Many women came together in order train themselves in the skills of skewing, knitting, embroidery, typesetting and stenography. So that, they can be skilled worker which can help them in improving their economic status. It is discussed briefly in this paper.

The purpose of the present study was to find out the significant relationship between creative thinking and test anxiety among high school students. The sample consisted of 200 IX standard students studying in high schools situated in Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu. The sample was selected using by simple random sampling technique. Result found that there is significant relationship between creative thinking and test anxiety of high school students.

The biochemical changes in muscles of test fish Labeo rohita exposed to lethal (LC 50 of 96 hours i.e. 9.204 ppm) and sub lethal concentration (1/10thLC 50 i.e. 0.9204 ppm) of dimethoate. Biochemical changes in muscles tissue were analyzed after exposure period. The lipid, protein and glycogen, contents are decreased in the muscles when compare with the control group. The level glycogen, protein and lipid were decreased in lethal and sub lethal exposures.

Transport may be defined as a service of facility which creates utilities, time or place, through the physical transfer of goods and persons form one place to another. The need for the conveyance of goods arises from the fact that they are often produced in one region and desired in another. The transportation of individuals to go from one place to another to satisfy some need connected with business, social, cultural or recreational interests.

Exercise is defined as any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness, overall health and wellness. It is performed for various reasons that include strengthening of muscles and cardiovascular system, to develop sports skills, weight maintenance or loss and finally just for enjoyment of being fit.