The skillful means (S. upaya kausalya, P. upaya kosalla) is an important concept in Mahayana Buddhism. This concept is mentioned in some sutras such as the Lotus Sutra, Prajña Paramita, Vimalakirti and Upayakäsalya Sutra. It is understood in different ways, depending on the context.

Kaluza-Klein type cosmological model with time dependent cosmological term-? in the framework of Saez and Ballester (1986) theory of gravitation has been studied. In order to find the exact solution of the field equations, we have used the equation of state and the fact that scalar expansion is proportional to the shear scalar. The cosmological constant term is found to decreasing function of cosmic time. Some physical and kinematical properties of the model are also discussed.

Tamilnadu is one among the better performing states in the health care services and public health services which is reflected in better health indicators like lower infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, fertility rate etc. The State Government has established a wide network of different levels of health care delivery system covering the entire State and thereby helping the people for easy accessibility of better health care services at the three levels of primary, secondary and tertiary care levels.

In India, now a days, our main immediate attention, is the problem of women’s education and the social elements behind it.

In sport, the characteristics of physical, physiological, psychological, sociological and anthropometrical are functionally associated with the performance of a player or an athlete. Considering the requirements of these characteristics in sport, each sport has its own entity since they differed from one another in nature. Meanwhile, though a particular sport has been defined in the requirements of these characteristics, within variance in spot may arise because of variations exist among the players of particular sport in terms of physical, sociological and anthropometric aspects.

The purpose of the study was to compare the physical fitness between Kabaddi and Kho-Kho players of district Ganderbal. The data was collected through administration a standard AAPHER youth fitness test on selected variables. There were 50 subjects selected randomly out of which 25 were Kabaddi players and remaining 25 were Kho-Kho players chosen from the different colleges of district Ganderbal. The data was collected from these subjects by conducting a standard AAPHER youth fitness test and later on the data was analyzed statically by using t test for comparison and its exact analysis. The variables used for this study for both the groups of players were cardiovascular endurance, speed, Strength, coordination ability, muscular strength and power. All the six variables were included in the AAPHER youth fitness test and all were measured by conducting the test to both the groups. The level of significance was kept at 0.05 level the result of this study indicated that there is not any significant variables of cardiovascular Endurance, Speed, Strength, Muscular Strength, Coordination ability and Power.

Attempt to indentify the user’s pattern to access online journals that which are available through UGC-Infonet (renamed as e-ShodhSindhu) e- journal consortium in particular. A well structured questionnaire survey was conducted among faculty members and research scholars of various science departments of The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. The Study revels that The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (MSU) was 1129661. It is also found that in the block of five years, i.e., 2011-2015, the contributions from The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (MSU) were 1716.

Throughout history, silver screen and TV have dependably had a cross-limited time association with writing. There are numerous movies in view of books, television arrangement in view of books. It generally put writing on high ground! By grumbling about absence of embodiment, issue with performing artists, sets and so forth. In any case, development of motion picture industry is not insignificant, Many content journalists, creators, lyricist and craftsmen are having their vocation in film industry. They compose for industry, they create for industry. Writing has numerous parts of it, and structures, kinds. There are many creating ideas in writing that adjust new structures, class and topics. Novelisation is one of them. This paper is around novelisation. Prior to that we have to comprehend terms novelisation itself.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) among the nationalized banks in Tirunelveli District. To achieve the purpose of the study, the total of 378 customers representing 7 from each of the 54 nationalized bank branches in Tirunelveli district were selected for the study for collection of data by adopting the convenient sampling method. In the light of the specific objective set, all information and data were collected from the sample respondents through direct personal interviews employing structured interview schedule. The application of graphical analysis, descriptive analysis, and ANOVA was used to compare the Consumer Relationship Management (CRM) practices of nationalized banks. The primary data collected were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21). The study found out that the majority of the customers satisfied with the Consumer Relationship Management (CRM) practices of nationalized banks. It is also found that the State Bank of India gets the first position in Consumer Relationship Management (CRM) practices and Dena Bank, Indian Overseas Bank and Bank of India gets second, third and fourth ranks respectively. A significant difference in the Consumer Reliability Management (CRM) practices has been found among the nationalized banks during the study. Based on the result of the study, it is recommended that the nationalized banks may share their techniques regarding CRM practices among them so that they can serve better than before in CRM practices for their customers.

Consequently, organisms a complex network of antioxidant metabolites and enzymes that work together to prevent to prevent oxidative damage to cellular components such as DNA, proteins and lipids. During exercise, oxygen consumption can increase by a factor of more than 10. This leads to a large increase in the production of oxidants and results in damage that contributes to muscular fatigue during and after exercise. Yoga, a form was designed to find to find out the effect of yogic practices and therapeutic exercises on selected biochemical variables among low backache men. Totally 60 low back ache men subjects were selected randomly as subjects and their age randomly as subjects and their age ranged between 30-40 years. They were divided into three groups of fifteen each. Group I served as Yogic practices; Group II Therapeutic Exercises and group III as control group. The data collected before and after the training programme. Data was analyzed by using ANCOVA and Scheffe’s Post Hoc test. The study concluded that the yogic practices and therapeutic exercises significantly decrease the cholesterol and triglycerides among men low back ache than the control group.

The Garment industry is highly labour intensive, providing employment to a large number of workers. It has been reported that major cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore have been the major centers of garment production. In Chennai and Tirupur, the percentage of women workers is higher than that of men workers. Garments are produced in variety of ways under diverse labour conditions, using variety of materials for different markets — global and domestic, different technologies are applied. Production takes place under different systems of social relations. It has wide range of job contracts, different modes of payments and sub-contracting chains. Accurate data on the size, structure and distribution of garment workers and their characteristics is not available. Women are increasingly vulnerable to all kind of risks, discrimination, deprivations, not to speak of sexual harassment in work situations. Compliance of government measures is very poor. Compensation, in case of loss of life or any part of the body due to accidents to which the work place have become increasingly prone to, is almost always inadequate and takes inordinately long time to settle the claims. It is one thing to assume rather conveniently that unorganized workers are poor, illiterate; least unionized, and generally engage themselves in high risk low paid poor quality manual and menial jobs How do they carry on their work in actual work situation? How do they actually cope with discrimination, deprivations of one kind or another and miscarriage of justice to mention but a few which have become an inevitable inescapable part of life of these workers.

This paper presents quality of water samples from various locations (borewells as well as open wells) in and around the Urban Area of Visakhapatnam in order to find out the causes of health problems in urban area. Some ground water samples collected from the study area. The study revealed various parameter of water quality the study was reported some other important parameters which exceed the permissible limit and it is fit for domestic purposes.

Corruption is a burning issue in our country which is eating into the vitals of democracy. It is not a new phenomenon. It is as old as the human society. In collusive corruption, the mutual interest between the recipient and the source of bribery make it difficult to unearth the evidence. The rationale behind this is no work however small or routine can be done without paying “something” to “someone”(speed money). There are many causes responsible for the spread of corruption. Such as elections, criminalization of politics, lack of public opinion, education and training, delay and cumbersome procedures etc. It has badly affected the polity, economy and society by causing hazards to safety, life and health. To cope with the problem the Government of India constituted Special Police Establishment, Central Bureau of Investigation, Santhanam Committee etc. But is not successful largely because there is no political will to remove it. The remedies suggested for the eradication of this evil are simplification of procedures in government offices and other departments, creation of a strong public opinion against the effects of corruption, making conditions of service attractive, ensuring high standards of conduct among both the politicians and the administrators would go a long way for the eradication of this national menace for the bright future of India.

The current monetary emergency has overwhelmed the world economy. The "Worldwide Financial Crisis" of 2008, likewise called as worldwide money related emergency, came about because of the subprime contract emergency of 2007. For some individuals a financial melancholy has just arrived while for some it is simply round the corner. As I would see it the discouragement has just arrived and it has begun demonstrating its impact on Indian Industries, Economy and IT division et cetera. The paper will feature the circumstances and end results connection of worldwide emergency on Indian IT Industry, GDP development rate and Employment. In addition, it assesses the viability of E-Business regarding speculation and income created by the association in period of subsidence and prescribes the methodologies to be taken to manage the circumstance. The exact information has been gathered with the assistance of essential and in addition auxiliary assets.

Electronic journal is a growing phenomenon. It saves the space and delivery problems of libraries. It also facilitates the user with search, download, portability and many other features. The present study is based on a survey of use of electronic journals by researchers of Punjabi University, Patiala and Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar. The present study revealed the awareness and purpose of using e-journals. The stratification level of users from e-journals is also discussed in the study. The collected data represented graphically.

Education is the most important factor in achieving rapid economic development and technological progress. Education programs have a fourfold perspectives to prepare an individual for assuring their role as responsible citizens; to develop in them scientific outlook; awareness of their rights and responsibilities as well as consciousness of the process of the development. The progress of a nation in the world of today is more than ever dependent upon the quantity and quality of the education received by the people. Education has the dual function of transmitting to the new generation the heritage of the past with its accumulated wisdom and preparing it for the present and the future that the emergent needs of society and individuals whole before us.

Cities are the sites of complex and varied global and local interconnections that have the capability to generate diverse economic, social, political forms and spaces. Cities cannot be perceived in one perspective, and thus, have to be concluded with various underlining themes and notions that defines its existence. Cities must be understood from a variety of perspectives that adhere to the social, cultural, economic and political constructs (Bridge and Watson, 2002). Such an understanding will aid in the absolvement of the pressing issues that plague the development of the current city or state. The idea of a city or a state in not just limited to its geographical boundaries, rather, it is defined by the collective approach of the population which reflects the psychological state of the city. Thus, the idea of identity of the city and those of its people is trapped in a vicious cycle, wherein, oneimpacts the other in equal measure.

Fisheries are one of the oldest occupations in the world. It provides employment to millions of people and contributes to food security of the country. The study has been reliant on primary data and the same has been considered and analyzed by using percentage analysis and graphical method. This study has been conducted in Nagapttinam district of Tamil Nadu. This study aimed to reason for the selecting of fishermen in the fishing profession. Some problems were put and involving in this work like poverty, illiteracy, parent compulsion etc. this paper will analyze this type of reason.

Nossa intenção é tecer considerações sobre as práticas educativas de uma Casa Familiar Rural do Amazonas, que utiliza a Pedagogia da Alternância como fio condutor de suas práticas pedagógicas. A discussão está em torno das análises das entrevistas realizadas entre 2016 e 2018 e autores que se ocupam em entender essa prática educativa que vem se mostrando como uma proposta alternativa de educação para aqueles e aquelas que vivem e trabalham no bioma de terra, florestas e águas do Amazonas

Cities are the sites of complex and varied global and local interconnections that have the capability to generate diverse economic, social, political forms and spaces. Cities cannot be perceived in one perspective, and thus, have to be concluded with various underlining themes and notions that defines its existence. Cities must be understood from a variety of perspectives that adhere to the social, cultural, economic and political constructs (Bridge and Watson, 2002). Such an understanding will aid in the absolvement of the pressing issues that plague the development of the current city or state. The idea of a city or a state in not just limited to its geographical boundaries, rather, it is defined by the collective approach of the population which reflects the psychological state of the city. Thus, the idea of identity of the city and those of its people is trapped in a vicious cycle, wherein, oneimpacts the other in equal measure.

In the present scenario, there is a major concern in all societies against sex and sexuality related issues which are happening to children. Child sexual abuse is recognized as a global issue needs a great sociological concern. The expression of sexuality becomes a point of grave concern during childhood because it is a period where a child is completely unaware of his/her physical and emotional development. There is a need to educate such a vulnerable child against child sexual abuse. In the present study researcher has developed an intervention programme to empower higher primary school girls against child sexual abuse.

One fine day I will prevent my fellow citizens from grave and dangerous crime and give my hundred percent commitment for controlling and preventing crime in my area could be the aspiration of every policemen. What if they have been asked to clean the police vehicles and pickup and drop the relatives of higher officials and become the police servant for them?. In the form of police orderlies, several of young police personals deployed as servants and they are treated as undignified manner. In this paper, the author is going to analyze the background of orderly system and its impact on the police personals through criminological theories and suggest the means for eradicating this inhumane system in the Indian police.

Agriculture is the largest employment sector of India over the years and also the backbone of Indian economy. It provides employment opportunities both skilled and non-skilled labourers, but at same time, the inadequate of the growth of food production in the early years of the dawn of independence was a matter of serious problems of the Government of India. In 1957 and 1958 the steep fall of crop production as also called the year of drought and caused the attention on the seriousness of the food production substantially. In this situation, the Government of India invited the experts of agricultural scientists sponsored by Ford Foundation to make a careful study of Indian agriculture and make recommendations for future action. The team visited some of the Villages in Thanjavur district along with local experts. It submitted its report in 1959 entitled India’s Food Crisis and taken steps to meet it. The team observed that “India is facing a crisis in food production .The crux of the problem is food enough for the rapid increasing population. The team went on to say that this target of 110 million tones could be achieved if an all out food production programme is undertaken. The Government of India accepted in general the recommendations of the team. Finally the Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) was also known as Package Programme brought out in November, 1963. It covered the first two years of the implementation of the scheme viz., 1961-1962 and 1962-1962-1963. Definitely it made great impact on agricultural production in seven districts including Thanjavur district the entire nation were fed up by a few districts. Besides, it brought agricultural revolution through rapid production particularly mechanization .This paper is an attempt to trace the impact of the IADP on Thanjavur district because the district is everywhere greenish but people were starved, theoretically we can analyses this but practically to do something to change the agrarian society

Manuvikasa, a non government organisation originating from Siddapur taluka of Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka has been rendering its services since 2003.It has delivered its intervention in Water conservation, Environment conservation, financial inclusion and other social programmes. Taking note of receding ground water resources and lack of irrigation facilities in the district, for cultivation of crops (both food and commercial) Manuvikasa NGO intervened to develop farm ponds/Small tanks to enable spring rejuvenation. Hence the primary objective of the present study was to analyse the Socio-economic benefits of such farm ponds on the sample households. The study revealed that the construction of farm ponds proved to be beneficial to the sample households in terms of increase in the area covered by various crops, increase in the income from agriculture and dairy farming activities, additional employment generation and augmentation of ground water level.

The most revenue generating tax regime in India is the Indirect taxes, which contributes lion share in the revenue of both the central as well as state governments. The Government of India adopts a three-tier federal tax structure for effective levy and collection of taxes since independence. Now India becomes the world’s fastest developing economy which need a transformation of existing indirect tax regime for faster phase of development. The Government of India introduced a new indirect tax system, Goods and Service Tax (GST), which submerged various central and state taxes. The GST is an ultimate transformer in the indirect tax regime in India. The core challenge is that people are still in vague about the tax structure of GST and become worst when people ignore and boycott by not paying the tax. In this context the challenges posed on GST in India and how this can be removed is examined the study.

Regional Rural Banks were established under the provisions of an Ordinance approved on September 26, 1975 and the RRB Act.1976 to offer adequate banking and credit facilities for agriculture and nonagricultural sectors. The institution of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) was created to meet the excess demand for institutional credit in the rural areas, particularly among the economically and socially marginalised sections. Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are the key role players in developing Indian economy for disbursement and rendering monitory transactions in rural, semi-urban and urban areas.The thrust of the reforms was on increasing operational efficiency, strengthening supervision over banks, creating competitive conditions and developing technological and institutional infrastructure. These measures led to the improvement in the financial health, soundness and efficiency of the banking system.In the current paper, an attempt has been made to study the financial performance of Regional Rural Bank (RRB), keeping in view the present trends of regional rural banks in the national perspective. The study found that the performance of Regional Rural Banksin India has drastically improved from the period of its establishment, as steps for their improvement were initiated by the Government of India after the amalgamation process.

Student loans also sometimes known as deferred payment plans are integral to higher education policy where educational costs are to be borne by students. The higher education policy recommendations of various national and international bodies, commissions and committees have reiterated time and again that education loan programmes should be strengthened on large scale to promote access and equity in higher education. Student loan schemes are presently in operation across various countries for student support in financing their higher education. This research aims to study the accessibility of educational loans in India for financing higher education by percentage analysis of responses gathered through questionnaires from a purposively drawn sample of students of higher education and parents of students pursuing higher education. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted with educationists and academicians to seek their views and suggestions on strengthening the existing educational loan system in India for financing education and making it more encouraging and promising for the needy and deserving aspirants of higher education. The major finding of the present study is that education loans in India are not a popular costsharing device to finance higher education. Thus, greater awareness about as well as accessibility to a userfriendly loan scheme system to finance higher education needs to be strengthened by the Government of India.

The strategic concept of Indo-Pacific has become significant in the international media of late. Though the term has been used in international relations before the strategic use of the term ‘Indo-Pacific’ instead of ‘Asia-Pacific’ by President Donald Trump in the international arena has created some excitement among some political analysts. The rationale is that while the term Asia-Pacific holds China at the centre the term Indo-Pacific brings India at the centre of attraction. However, China’s power is pervasive whether the international community uses the term Asia-Pacific or Indo-Pacific. This paper in making a brief description of China’s overwhelming presence in the Asian region argues that India shouldn’t be complacent with such a strategic concept. India should build up a rational stratagem not to fall behind China. Long since IR theorists had observed China’s inevitable growing power in the international system. The paper in highlighting China’s pervasive power will analyse what that means to other Indo-Pacific countries. The question is how IndoPacific’s power equation is going to refigure with China’s pervasive power.

The police staff assume an imperative part in assurance of the general population and wellbeing of the general population in a general public. The Government of Tamil Nadu secures the police faculty and guarantees that they perform better and have a superior existence. The division additionally deals with the police faculty and give welfare offices to them .Apart from these measures taken care by them the occupational stress of the police work force is most critical in securing the enthusiasm of the general population and guarantee that better employment execution. The investigation intended to investigate different wellsprings of stress among police staff. In this examination, constables, inspectors and police officers of Thanjavur District, were assessed utilizing the occupational stress survey. This was subjected to the quantitative and also the subjective investigation. Occupational stress was normally seen among all police work force, yet the real traits of stress in different gatherings were assorted.

Dairying is one the most important activity in rural areas, with most employment opportunities and also plays a significant role in fulfillment of daily needs.Thisarticle deals with secondary data collected from Mymul. In this study mainly concentrated on the spatial distribution and development of Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCSs) in Mysuru district from 2000 to 2010 and 2011 to 2016. For identify the Growth in Numbers and percentage (%)of DCSs for analyzing Purpose in two different period’s data and used the Pie charts, Bar Diagrams for allseven taluks of Mysuru district.

Eritrea’s independence was achieved and sustained partly through the contributions of the Eritrean Diasporas. Since late 1950s and until recently, the intermittent migration of Eritreans across the world by and large was due to Eritrea’s missed decolonization in the 1950s followed by thirty years of war for independence and the ‘no war no peace’ situation of the past decade. However, irrespective of the dire situations the migrant went through, the resettled refugees or the Diasporas for that matter have been a constant source of political and financial support before and after independence.

The Indian Sugar Industry, with an annual production capacity of over 25 MMT, stands out to be the second largest in the world after Brazil, accounting for around 15% of the global sugar production. Sugar industry plays a leading role in Indian economy and especially it is connected with agriculture sector and sugar is the most essential food product. So cost reduction in sugar industry is need of time. In this situation key to success is finding creative ways to prevent cost so correct management of cost of production is must. This paper concentrate on how to reduce cost per unit (Quintal) of sugar manufacturing in co-operative sugar factories of Bidar district in Karnataka State. using the best practices of cost management techniques.

This paper represents the Scientometric analysis of International contributions to the “Infertility” during the year in 2012-2017. The data for the study has been downloaded from the Web of Science (Clarivate Analysis) database. The 17671 data were downloaded from the database. Scientometric is a scientific analysis in a particular field; it allows academic literature to be tested qualitatively and quantitatively. The studies about infertility were analyzed regarding the scientific growth rate of the respective subject, to determine the allocation of funding institutions. And also analysis and discussion with the yearly publication output, authorship productivity, language – wise release, type of document and countries collaboration.

India has experienced rapid economic growth, a decline in fertility rate, introduction of employment generation programs and policy shifts towards women empowerment in recent years. Yet, a striking feature has been a declining trend in the female labour force participation rates in Andaman Island. The present paper attempts to describe the work force participation rates in North Andaman, India. It also attempts to identify the potential causes of declining female labour force participation on the basis of secondary data. It is observed that social norms, level of education, gender discriminatory practices, policy measures have influenced participation of women in the labour force in India.

Environmental identity is an important element in explaining the pro-environment behavior, because the belief developed on how the person is part of the natural environment provides the basis for the concern developed for her, and the types of situation that motivate behavior. Noting that this relationship established between the person and the nature is also known by the terms environmental connection, environmental identity and affinity. In this way, in search of a better understanding of how environmental identity of students can be influenced by various practical activities with the environment, this research aims to assess the practice of attitudes and the formation of new habits in the environmental identity of the students of the Federal Institute of education, science and technology but specifically in the Manaus Industrial District campus regarding the use of natural resources and the reflection on the ethical responsibility of our species and the planet itself, for both, the study initially will focus on a wide bibliographical review about the issue at hand for a perfect theoretical basis in an ethnographic study, aided by the application of questionnaires, observations and mainly practical activities with the students. The results of this work will be described qualitatively and quantitatively with the responses to the research problem.

This study aims to analyze the application of remission when the practice of offensive act by a teenager, as for the public prosecutor in the pre-trial phase as in the procedural phase, arguing about the indispensability or not of a barrister of the teenager in the informal hearing audience, since there are doctrinal and jurisprudential divergence on the subject. It had been analyzed the possible legal effects of remission when the approval of the Judge of childhood and youth. To do this it had been used the bibliographic and historical research.

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir a educação dos surdos na consolidação de sua identidade, partindo das concepções filosóficas que permearam sua trajetória até os estudos contemporâneos que apontam o bilinguismo como a mais recente discussão na formação identitária do surdo como autor de sua própria história. O tema em destaque compõe um capítulo de minha dissertação de mestrado que tem por título: O Ensino da Língua Portuguesa como Segunda Língua no Centro Estadual de Atendimento às Pessoas com Surdez Princesa Izabel em Boa Vista Roraima. A pesquisa realizada para os dados aqui apresentados foi de cunho descritivo e com fonte predominantemente bibliográfica.

India was witnessed for the boom during the years 2004 to 2008 and followed by recession during the year 2009 and continued to 2011. Later it slightly recovered during the years 2011 and 2012. And again the years 2012 and 2013 financial year was witnessed for bad economic conditions. Analyzing how the bank’s profits were varying under these conditions. For this study the data was chosen from the years 2003 to 2013 because of the pre objective to study the banks profit ability at various macro-economic conditions. As the India experienced the various economic cycle during the past years to till date with extravagant changes in the economy such as boom, recession, inflation motivates me to study the statistical relationship and banking performance (mainly on profitability) dependency on the macro economic factors such as the Inflation, GDP, RBI bank Interest rates, Repo rate, and to what extent the banking profits depend on the economic factors.

co-curricular activities are the part and parcel of the curriculum of educational institution to fulfill the individualistic as well as socialistic aims of education. This paper presents the status of co-curricular activities of madrasah institution of murshidabad district of westbengal.in this study primary data were collected from randomly selected 20 govt.aided secondary madrasah, accounting for 50% madrasah of murshidabad. Data were basically collected from the administrative authorities through questionnaire, checklist and observation method.in this study it was found that these madrasah’s co-curricular activities are not typical religious rather these are modern secular itself. The co-curricular activities of madrasah institution are playing significant role to inculcate the morality among the student to become honest human being.it was also found that madrasah institution are undergoing infrastructural crisis related to games and sports and modern equipment’s.

Annamalai Chettiar was the great man of vision and statesman. He was an industrialist, banker businessman legislator educationist philanthropist,and serve to Tamil Music,temple etc.,AnnamalaiChettiar received many such titles for his excellent career. In recognition of his best services as the chairman of Karaikudi Municipality, the Government of Madras conferred on him the title of RaoBahadur in 1913.35 In 1922, recognizing his services in educational and political sphere, the title DiwanBahadur was given to him. In 1923, after the establishment of Sri Meenakshi College, the British government conferred the Knighthood on him.36 In appreciation of the social and educational services Sir title came to him. King. George V conferred the hereditary title Rajah on 4th March 1929.

The present study was chalked out to study Family Climate and Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students . The investigators have adopted normative survey method for the present study. A sample of 300 students from secondary schools was selected by random sampling technique. Family Climate questionnaire developed and validated by the researcher was used in the study. Academic Achievement scores obtained from the school by the student was used for this study. For the analysis of data, the descriptive statistics like mean, standard deviation and ‘t’-test was employed. The findings revealed that no significant difference was found in the Family Climate and academic achievement among students in relation to gender, Locality , Types of Institutions and Medium of Instructions. There is a significant relations between Family Climate and academic achievement of secondary school students.

Autonomous status is granted by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), in concurrence with the Government of Karnataka. This status has been conferred upon selected colleges, which grants them, certain special privileges. The autonomous status is granted to the reputed institutions which have good infrastructure, well qualified staff, better placement for students and high quality research output.

The present study was aimed to explore the relationship between Psychological Capital and Burnout in doctors. The sample comprised 100 doctors (50 males and 50 females) chosen on the basis of convenient random sampling. Results of the study revealed that in regression analysis, hope emerged as a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion which explained about 31% of variance in females’ sample (r= -.561**, p<.01) and 8% of variance (r= -.379**, p<.01) in males’ sample. Hope further contributed significantly to reduced personal accomplishment only in males’ sample(r= -.299*, p< 0.05) which explained 11% of the variance. Resilience also contributed significantly to emotional exhaustion and explained about 8% of the variance (r= -.375**, p<0.01) in males’ sample only. Optimism also predicted significantly15% of variance in reduced personal accomplishment (r= -.390**, p<.01) only in females’ sample.

The quality of a teacher is the hall-mark of any educational process that rests upon the infrastructure of the educational institutions. The horizon of a teacher is broadened with the qualities he imbibes from the institutes providing training to the teachers. The supreme function of these institutions is to make the student-teachers aware of their high mission and impart a new vision of responsibility to the teachers in educating the children and youth-future architects of a nation. A questionnaire was designed to measure the self-esteem for the B.Ed trainees, 200 B.Ed trainees were selected as sample using stratified random sampling technique. An analysis of the results was carried out using the SPSS software package and the findings of this study show that the B.Ed trainees have self-esteem at above average level.

This paper investigated the self-concept and occupational aspiration of hearing impaired children and relationship between both variables with special reference to Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Descriptive survey method was used to achieve the objectives of the study. Hundred fifty hearing impaired students (96-male and 54- female student) purposively and incidentally selected from seven schools for the study. Self concept questionnaire designed by Dr. Rajkumar Saraswat and occupational aspiration scale developed by J.S Grewal has been used to measure the self concept and Occupational Aspiration. Findings showed that (1) significant difference in overall self concept of male and female and direction of difference was in favour of female. (2) No significant difference in overall occupation preference of male and female. (3) self concept has no significant relationship with respect to occupational aspirations of male and female hearing impaired children studying in the Secondary schools of Eastern Uttar-Pradesh.

According to Oxford Dictionary (1955), “The environment is the surrounding object, circumstances of life of persons (or) society” environment consists of land, atmosphere and the water. Environment is interwoven in day-to–day life of human beings and as such man plays a great role in preserving and improving the environment for the sake of development for a better future. However, lopsided developmental activities are accelerating the pace of environmental degradation. This accounts for scarcities of natural resources, which subsequently threaten the sustained productivity of the economy, economic production and consumption activities. Everything that surrounds us may collectively be termed as environment. The air, which we breathe, the soil on which we stand, water living and non-living things around constitutes the environment. Environment has influenced and shaped our lives since time immemorial. It gives food to eat, water to drink, air to breathe, and all necessities of day-to-day life.

Water is essential for all forms of life and crucial for human development. Water is essential for all forms of life and crucial for human development. Though it is treated as common natural resource, countries like India accessing water is still a social problem for dalits because water is connected with caste. Dalits were also known as untouchables, harijans, chandala, exterior caste and depressed class. The notion of purity and pollution in water sector is one of the sectors mainly practicing untouchability. Based on Focused Group Discussions conducted and interviews with five dalit women in a hamlet named Ottampatty Pudhur of Sikkathampur Panchayat in Tiruchirappalli district the paper highlights the issues of dalit women. Also this study focuses on the intersection of gender, caste and discrimination in accessing water resources also the paper tries to explain the forms of discrimination by caste Hindu women in general and dalit women in particular.

Entrepreneurship is an important driver for creating employment opportunities, boosting innovations and thereby fuelling growth. In the Indian context this is important to harness the demographic advantage and ensuring that people have livelihood opportunities despite low skills and education. The government of India has taken a large number of initiatives since 2014 which are changing the mind-set of people to foster the spirit of entrepreneurship. The earlier challenges in terms of access to credit, market linkages, space and network and mentors are being made available through programmes like Start-up India; Ease of Doing Business; Stand Up India, MUDRA and Atal Innovation Mission. In this background current study was conducted to highlight the performance of entrepreneurial assistance schemes of SIDBI to MSMEs in Karnataka. In order to evaluate the performance of SIDBI, 400 MSME entrepreneurs were selected across the Karnataka and collected their opinion through the structured questionnaire.

This paper explores the socio-economic conditions and the economic impact of the children engaged in work within Aizawl city though there are children who are engaged in unpaid work such as domestic chores, only paid workers of children are included to get a clear picture of the incidence and dimensions of these paid child labourers. The problems and issues of exploitative child labour have received much attention but solutions remain elusive, and they are made more complicated by the fact that the extent of child labour reflects a country’s level of economic development. Despite the various laws implemented, the practice of child labour is still evident. This paper analysed the socio-economic welfare of child labourers and suggest measures for policy implications.

Gender inequality is not only a biological difference but also a social construct. The world seems to be a gender sensitive now a days, as there are incidents of dowry-deaths, malnutrition, sub-ordination, exploitation in the socio-political systems. The gender inequities are not associated with any particular race; this evil has travelled in space and time from the pre-mordial time to the present day. The human civilization itself is ignoring the vital half of its race i.e., woman, and woman is a mute sufferer of endless miseries. They have been treated as social sub-ordination to men.

Since the inception of the United Nations, the promotion and protection of human rights have been at its very core. Over the years the United Nations has created a wide range of mechanisms for human rights protection, and the Indian government has set up several special Institutions at the National level and at the State level under the different acts of parliament to give effect to the constitutional provisions of human rights of all persons.

Water is one of the best gifts to all living creature, given by nature. It is compulsory for the growth and maintenance of human body and also for many biological activities. It is very essential in one’s daily life and therefore; it is highly desirable to protect the natural aquatic bodies from pollution. Assessment of the water quality of water in different revering system in India is very much needed at the moment. Water standard qualities can be maintained with the help if regular physico-chemical, biological and biochemical evaluation. It is high time to formulate methods to monitor the date in order to control indiscriminate activities of man and regulate permissible limits of contamination.

Indian Philosophy is the way of knowledge to the development of Human thoughts. It expresses the metaphysical implications of Universal truths that which deal about the rational values. Vedas and Upanishads are the basic sources of the evolution of Indian Philosophy. Epistemology, moral thoughts are central theme of Indian wisdom. It’s based on the Indian Culture and History that which exposed the Logical theory and also intellectual values. It deals about the various theories in Universal concepts like God, world and soul. Indian Philosophy is the unique identifications of Indian heritage compare with other Philosophical Thoughts.

India is largely an agricultural country. Being the largest industry in the country, agriculture is the source of livelihood for over 65 per cent of population in the country as per the census2011.This shows the predominance of rural economy in India. In the rural sector, land is the principal source of employment and income. If the fountain head of income-benefits only a minor fraction of the rural population the structure of land ownership fails to meet the ends of social justices. present time of globalization agriculture growth rates in not also only stagnant but also indicates continuous declining trends. The sub division, land reform and size distribution of ownership holding is the main obstacle in development of agriculture sector. this calls a deep study to accelerate the growth rate of agriculture sector. So India needs to make appropriate change in this agricultural plan. While land reform. Such plan one might find Bharat Rattan Dr. Bhimrao Ambedakr thoughts on agriculture.

The MSMEs have always been one of the prominent sectors in the Indian economy from the time of pre- British rule. The Indian artisans and cottage industries have been well known in the world economy from a long time. The growth of this sector is also considerable since the independence. During the globalization era also contribution from the MSMEs sector is increased. Thus the past and the present of the sector are thriving with development..There are far-reaching changes in the economy in different dimensions in different sectors the MSMEs are not exception to that.There is always a need to any section of the economy to have a formal frame to grow, to calculate, to have a proper policy, schemes etc.. Generally the definition puts such boarder to any particular sector. The SSI or MSMEs sector also defined from time to time in in the same sense. Majority of states of India have emphasized the development of MSMEs sector in every respect, but as per the study, over a period of time, share of some states has increased and some of them have decreased.As per the observation, services based MSMEs are doing better in every dimension compared to manufacturing units. Therefore, it seems to give more emphasis and policy support to services based units, which may be the good move of policy makers. No doubt, there is huge positive change in the development of MSMEs sector of India in the years forgone after independence. Globalization and its nature of competition might have brought panic among MSMEs, but in reality, MSMEs widened their base and continued to exist and prosper. It seems, though there are some examples of failures, robust policy support and strong initiatives of the entrepreneurs, definitely would lead growth of the sector.

In the writings of the environment romanticists, the presence of forest dependent communities in the forest and their forest resource use practices are viewed as the reasons for its destruction and for that matter an impediment to the present day conservation effort. In this understanding there is great danger of not finding the actual perpetrators. It rarely analyzed the forest policies of different periods and asked questions on the then list of beneficiaries. One may conclude that the forest dependent community got a gradual isolation from jungle owing to the fact that its resources became commodity. The paper is a descriptive study on the transformation of forest from the sources of livelihood for many to the high priced commodity.

India is large country where verious religion and caste exist such as Open, OBC, Schedule caste and schedule tribes etc. There are many tribes living in India as Korku, Gond, Khond, Santhal, Ho, Bhill, Naga, Pardhan, Katkari, Kolam, Kunda Reddi, Dongar Reddi, Kadar, Karuman, Bhaiga, Urao, Koya, Warli, Mannt, Urli, Kahar, Pahadiya, Khodia, Nayar etc.

Agriculture is the single most largest and important livelihood sector for masses in India. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) released report on Global Hunger. According to that report India has displaced from previous 97th place to 100 in 2017 and the value is 31.4 shows the place of our country found in serious category. The neighbor countries like Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka are better in hunger score. Sustainable agriculture is a prime need for developing India for the sustained development. The existing condition of agriculture and trend of various indicator shows future of Indian agriculture which has become very serious.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the impact of various developments of the retailer in the unorganized retail sector on their physical well being in Tirunelveli District. To achieve the purpose of the study, 385 unorganized retailers in Tirunelveli District were selected as a sample by adopting the purposive sampling technique. Out of 385 respondents, only 380 respondents participated completely in the study yielding a response rate of 98.70%. The study adopted the relevant research design, namely quantitative research design. A well structured and pre-tested interview schedule was used to collect the information required for the study. The appropriate analyses were carried out with the help of using a popular statistical package of AMOS 21. The study proved that only the personality development of retailers due to their retailing negatively impacted their physical well being and the physical well being of the retailers negatively impacted the quality of life of the retailers. Based on the result, the study suggested that the traders association and government organizations should organize the various awareness programs for retailers to improve their health and quality of life. The result of the study would serve as a powerhouse for enhancing the livelihood of the unorganized retailers in the area where the study has been undertaken.

Empowerment is a multi-faceted, multi-dimensional and multi-layered concept. One of the fundamental aspects of empowerment is equality. If we consider the relational aspect of power, it is the absence of equality among men and women that creates disempowerment of women. According, gender as a social construct assigns different degrees of freedom and equality to women in most societies. Such differences rest on many attributes, including nutrition, education, mortality, wealth, and so on. In this chapter we therefore seek to include equality in the process of development. The status of women in India is interlined with socio-economic and political hierarchies. Since the Vedic times, women have received different status depending on class and caste hierarchies. Education and training are crucial to women’s access to technical, administrative, and managerial positions. Several findings suggest that without adequate education and training women have been adversely affected by technological development. Health, housing conditions, and the environment affect a woman’s overall ability to live, give birth, and raise healthy children-all essential to empowering women. The CEDAW committee has placed the burden on domestic legal institutions to enforce international women’s human rights. Its focus is not on social conflict but on social transformation, on women’s capacity to ameliorate discrimination and inequality and on the strategies that they employ.

In current years, significant gains have been made in our perception of the influence of parenting behaviors and styles on adolescent emotional and behavioral outcomes. Empirical work focusing on the coalition between parenting and adolescent outcomes is important because the effect of parenting during adolescence continues to affect behaviors into adulthood. In further, there has been considerable care paid to the process that influence parenting, those then affects adolescent upshots. For illustration, researchers have found that neighborhood state of affairs moderated the connection between parenting and adolescent development. In this paper, various covariates and frame of reference effects associated with parenting and adolescent issues will be analyzed. This article imparts an evaluation of the literature on parenting and adolescent issues from the past decade and comprises promotion in parenting research.

This paper intends to unearth the intricacies conjoined with the self-esteem of dalits through theoretical analytical method. Studies in this particular area are hardly any to mention as the psychosocial aspects of dalits seem to be an alienated area of interest. This is a novel attempt to connect the scientific methods used to assess self-esteem with the dalits particularly. A number of researches can be cited for example to show the indifference found in the lives of dalits as a whole as compared to their fellow beings which explicitly prove the unworthy life of many downtrodden families who belong to dalits. Thus, the question of assessing self-esteem is challenging for the community as the scientific parameters used to measure self-esteem among the people scarcely match with the real life experiences of dalits which are devoid of mental health inputs rather filled with challenges.

Self-Help Group(SHGs)is a small voluntary association of poor people, preferably from the same socio-economic background. Thousands of the poor and the marginalized population in India are building the lives, their families and their society through self help groups. A self help groups is a village based financial intermediary committee Usually composed of 10-20 local women or men. The group agree to use this common fund and such other funds that they may received as a group through common management. For the development of women, several programmes had been launched in the recent past by the government of india. The concept of self help groups as rural economic builder takes the observed merits of all the approaches and avoid all demerits. As a part of developing country we have very clear picture of poverty and unemployment in our country. Dalit women are the most affected in the world. The concept of self help group is praise worthy and it is a new window for the development of the dalit women. State government has initiated a number of projects and programmes for socio economic development of the scheduled caste. The study sample of the respondent has self help group members in tiruchirappali district. The study used multistage- Random sampling techniques covering sample respondent in various self help groups in tiruchirappali. Government of Tamilnadu has been monitoring the functioning of SGH with all its efforts for the purpose of creating awareness, enabling dalit women to cross all social and economic barriers. In conclusion self help group is a viable alternative to achieve the micro credit among the dalit women.

Everything on earth tends to function in cycles in terms of physical, biological, social, and economical change. This is one of the most fundamental principles of science. All long term trends eventually reverse themselves and move in opposite directions during times of fundamental ecological or societal change. We are living through such a time of change, within agriculture, within rural communities, and in the larger human society. Though change is inevitable it should not affect the eco system and ensure the smooth flow of livelihood. The current transition is being driven by questions of sustainability. We simply cannot continue to extract and exploit. At present it is a necessary to find ways to meet the needs of the present without compromising the future as we are rapidly depleting the natural and human resources of the earth to a greater extent. Consequently, we must shift from an economy of reliance on non renewable sources to reliance on renewable sources. Today it is a must to shift from a wasting, discarding, disposing society to a conserving, reusing, and recycling society.

Without the woman, the world is impossible, the woman who is the creator of the surgeon is the mother who is also bringing up and feeding the mother. In view of the importance of women for centuries, she has been revered in various civilizations and cultures of the world 2500 years ago in the world Contemporary civilization emerged in the Bronze Age civilization. Harappan is looking at various aspects of women and their importance in the contemporary society and touching the untouched aspects of women, they also bring them to light. Religion and women will be described in the Indus society and in which Mother Goddess and reproduction Power Shakhty will be highlighted in, Mudra (money) for women, vagina worship and symbol worship

Estimating of the Hurst exponent for experimental data plays a very vital role in the research of progressions which show properties of self-similarity. There are numerous techniques for estimating the Hurst exponent using time series. Random data share market data like BSE that possesses a high degree of unpredictability and unpredictability can be analysed using R/S analysis and Hurst exponent H. There are many techniques to predict the Hurst exponent using the time series. This paper presents comparative analysis of the statistical properties of the Hurst exponent estimators obtained by different methods using model stationary and non-stationary fractal time series. Hurst exponent is revealing of the presence of noise or fluctuations in the data which in turn gives information on the volatility of the Close value and turbulence in the close value. The results of R/S analysis as applied to weather data of Aurangabad city indicate that there is persistence in the trends and entire period studied as the value of H likes between 0.5 and 1.0. This also confirms long term memory effect that the trends tend to continue.

The famous Sri Iyarappar temple is situated near Tanjore. Most of the structural temples in Chola period are constructed in stone form. The age of thesetemples are related to sangam period. Renovation work was done by early Cholas in Architecture particularly during the reign of Aditya-I Chola (871-907 AD) however it is the renovation work of architecture. The Upana is hidden inside the soil. Next to Upana, Adhishtana is structured. The first element of Adhishtana is Jagathi which is beautifully shaped.The next elements of Adhishtana is mahapadma, Vrtta Kumuda, Kapota with varimana and the Pattikai. Here innumerable inscriptions are carved. The vritta kumuda which possesses small padma petals in the top and bottom part of Adhishtana. This is one of the new ornamentation in the early chola period. The entire Adhishtana was decorated by the Yali friezes. Here the Yali friezes are fighting with each other. The height of the Adhishtana is not less than five feet. Present study highlights the architectural importances of Sri Iyarappar temple.

Kyllinga triceps rottb. A monocot perennial herb found in various parts of India, is traditionally used in vitiated conditions pitta and vata, hyperdipsia, fever, liver disorders, verminosis, cough, splenopathy, diabetes and dermatitis [1].The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacognostical study of ignored ayurvedic medicinal herb kyllinga triceps rottb. The plant is monocot grass belongs to the family cyperaceae, commonly used in various ayurvedic preparation’s and called musta [2], In various ayurvedic texts it is also known as nirvishi [3]. Many species of family cyperaceae resembles the original drug thus the present study will help in identification and collection of original plant.The study includes morphological and microscopical characters along with an estimation of its physicochemical parameters such as loss on drying, ash values, extractability in Petroleum ether and ethanol, preliminary phytochemical screening [4]. The generated information of the present study will provide data which are helpful in the correct identification and authentication of medicinal plant kyllinga triceps rottb. and may help in preventing its adulteration. The result of phytochemical screening revealed that the plant contains saponin, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Foaming index was found to be 14, organoleptic evaluation was also performed. Stomatal number was found to be 14 and stomatal index was found 19.44, presence of anomocytic stomata is the characteristic feature of the leaves of the plant kyllinga triceps rottb. Thus, the result of the present study may be useful in the identification and collection of crude drug and may be helpful in future research

There have been numerous studies to study the personality of successful sports persons .But the impact of indulging in sports activities on overall development have been done sparingly. However with our aim to make India a sports superpower and to attract the right talent towards the field, its impact needs to be analyzed thoroughly. Most of the studies conducted in the field of physical education and sports have tried to link personality of sportspersons to fit on various team and non-team sports and also different disciplines within these categories. However, there has been little or less research on how participating in sports activities helps building the character and improving personality. As sports activities are a part of learning process and they do influence the personality of people who takes part in these physical activities. Here we are trying to access the impact of sports activity on personality and character.

The present paper is an attempt to explore the ground reality and the fact regarding teaching and learning English in Hindi and Urdu medium senior secondary government schools of Bihar. Theories underpin that the rationale for English as a medium of instruction as a means of learning a second language while delivering content is largely based on assumptions that second language acquisition is similar to first language acquisition. The purpose of the study was to gain insight into the use of English language in English classes in senior secondary schools of Government of Bihar, exploring how English is taught as a subject in these schools and knowing the perception of stakeholders about using English as a medium of instruction to teach English at senior secondary level. The researcher visited 6 schools; 2 Urdu medium and remaining 4 Hindi medium in East Champaran district of Bihar. Observation and semi-structured interview were used as tools and techniques for data collection. For the first objective (Use of English in English classrooms) 12 classes; 2 classes in each school were observed and found that all teachers used 20 to 30 percent English as a medium of instruction in English classrooms. For second objective (perception of stakeholders about using English as a medium of instruction to teach English at the senior secondary level) semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 principals, 12 teachers, and 30 parents. Majority of them responded that English should be the medium of instruction but the majority of principals and English teachers all showed a positive attitude and supported that English should be the medium and it could be in practice as well as on the ground. At the end researcher recommended for various measures for various stakeholders as principals, teachers, and parents should come together and ensure it on the ground. Teachers are directly responsible to put it into practice using available resources and create such an environment.

The livestock provide milk, wool, mutton, hides, skin, transport and manure etc. and is of immense economical value to the farmers of Himachal Pradesh. Thus livestock is not only contributing towards agricultural production but also is a source of self- employment to rural people of the Himachal Pradesh. In fact, the livestock sector acquires special importance for a hilly state like Himachal Pradesh both on economic and ecological grounds. The state is also bestowed with the natural treasures of vast hydro-electric potential, lush green pastures, different types of forests and typical flora and fauna which are not found elsewhere in the plains.

The present study highlights the effect of endosulfan (2.5µl) and parathion (3µl) on kidney and liver of Calotes versicolor. A moderate decrease in kidney protein was found in Calotes versicolor treated with endosulfan and parathion. A significant decrease were noted in liver protein in endosulfan treated Calotes for 24 and 48 hours but statistically non significant changes were found in rest of the exposure periods under the treatment of both pesticides. A significant decrease were noted in liver glucose except 24 & 48 hours whereas non significant decrease was noted in kidney glucose.

Cardamom is traded as a bulk and graded produce. Cardamom is graded by using sieve and fetches different prices based on their size, colour and freshness, command varied prices. The commercial part of cardamom is the fruit (capsule) of the plant that is used as a spice and a flavoring agent. It is considered to be a versatile spice, as it is used in both sweet and salty foods. Till 2000, India used to be the largest producer of Cardamom, and thereafter, Guatemala pushed her to the second position. There are more number of problems faced by the cardamom growers namely lack of proper pest management, lack of water management and poor marketing management. Most of the time benefits to reach by the middle men not any of the cardamom growers. The traditional methods of drying the capsules include sun drying and drying over the fire. They both have disadvantages as the produce rots fast during rainy and overcast days when the produce is dried outside in the open. Also, when the crop is dried over the fire, the spice loses some of its flavor and hence the quality is lowered. Therefore, it is required that bhattis or other improved dryers be constructed or installed in the villages and the villagers be taught to use them to their advantage.

The word empowerment is widely used in relation to women, very often it is used as a substitute for women’s welfare, development of women, upliftment of women,participation and conscientisation of women.But the concept of empowerment is not synonymous to these words.It is something of a more and broader concept.

This study aims to explore the emotional competence of women teachers with respect to their attachment to their children and the education of their children. By considering the nature of this study descriptive survey method is used. The data has been collected from randomly selected 400 women teachers working in secondary schools of Aurangabad district with the help of Emotional competence scale by Sharma and Bhardwaj and a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The data has been analyzed with chi-square and phi-coefficient.

A number of progressive steps have been taken and are to be taken to bring the changes in the Higher Education in different countries in relation to highest standards. These changes have put the issue of quality management firmly on the agenda of many higher education institutions. It has been accepted by a number of countries that higher education is increasingly viewed as an international business. This view states that it is time to rethink our current approaches to quality management practices within different countries and their Higher Education Institutions. It also insists on the administrative or service functions within the Higher Education Institutions as well as the quality of research or teaching and learning. The learning is considered as the fundamental product of higher education. The management of quality needs to focus on the student learning experience. It is also the time to further rethink current approaches to quality management in Higher Education to ensure that the quality of teaching and learning is taken in to consideration. Co-operative Methodology, Total Quality Management, Internal Assessment and Improvement in Educational Institutions have been gaining importance. The Higher Educational Institutions may undertake mutual co-operative study for the search of highest standards of excellence and those should be adopted as best practice by them. It will enhance the performance and quality of Institution.

The study investigates researcher’s information seeking behaviour in a comparative study of three colleges affiliated to Bharathidasan University. The design of the study is cross sectional survey of researchers in the libraries and the population comprised of 150 users from various colleges. The instrument used to generate data is the questionnaire and the data generated was analyzed to frequency, bar charts, percentages and mean. The outcome of the study reveals that research scholar in the colleges seeking for information in writing papers and chapters for conference / Book / Articles, preparing notes and assignments / seminars. The results provide an insight into the challenges associated with information seeking behaviour of research scholar in the colleges such as lack of comprehensive book collection, and lack of e-journals.

Child Sexual Abuse(CSA) is a universal problem which affects child socially and Psychologically. It is an attempt to develop certain skills among children to protect themselves from sexual abuses. The objectives of the study is, to find out the effectiveness of intervention programme in developing self-awareness against child sexual abuse among the higher primary school girls. To study the difference in the effectiveness of intervention programme in developing self-awareness against child sexual abuse among rural higher primary school girls. To study the difference in the effectiveness of intervention programme in developing self-awareness against child sexual abuse among urban higher primary school girls. Single group pre-test post test experimental design was used. An intervention package titled ‘Child Sexual Abuse Intervention Package’ was prepared by the researcher. It was found that the intervention package is effective in developing self-awareness among rural and urban higher primary school girls.

The present research investigated the effect of gender and teaching experience on self-esteem of secondary level teachers. Teachers are rightly called nation builders for they play a cardinal role in the building up of the character of the future generations. A high quality teacher is the prime requirement for a strong, effective and high quality educational system in any country. To understand the quality of teachers factors like commitment, job satisfaction and self-esteem need to be studied. To accomplish this purpose, the study employed a normative survey method. A sample of 350 secondary level teachers were included and selected through stratified random sampling technique. The self-esteem scale (SES) constructed and validated by Santhosh Dhar and Upinder Dhar (2015) was used. Analyses of the data were done by using Descriptive analysis and differential analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the level of Self-esteem of secondary level teachers is normal; the sub- samples Gender, Teaching Experience of the teachers differ significantly in respect of their self-esteem.

The present study was aimed to find out the impact of different grid games with and without psychological strategies on Illinois Agility Test among soccer players. For this purpose, 30 soccer players were chosen from Kaniya Kumari District. The age of the subjects were ranged from 21 to 25 years. The selected soccer players were divided in to experimental group I (EG-1 N-10), experimental group II (EG-2 N-10) and control group (N-10) at randomly. Group I underwent different grid games with psychological strategies, Group II underwent different grid games without psychological strategies and control group did not exposed to any type of training other than their regular routine work. The experimental training programmes were lasted up to 8 weeks. Pre and Post Test Randomized group designed were used in this study. Before and after the training programme all the thirty soccer players were tested on Illinois Agility Test. The collected data were treated with ANCOVA and Scheffe’s Post Hoc Test. Results found that both the Experimental groups had significant improvement on Illinois Agility Test compare to control group and Comparing between Experimental Group I and II, Experimental Group I had significant improvement than Experimental group II.

This shows that there was no consistency in their strengths. Education did not make considerable progress in the Madras presidency, due to the existence of diverse difficulties. The policy of the government was to limit the provision of purely state education and to give encouragement to the grant-in-aid system. In this connection, an order of the Madras Government was issued (GO No. 37, Education Department dated 17th April, 1868). But there was no improvement in the education of Christian Missionaries. The education makes satisfactory or impressive progress in any aspect of education, primary, secondary, higher or collegiate or professional. Though the Missionaries made a lot of efforts to educate the peoples the result was satisfactory.

Transport Network system plays a significant role in the social & economic development. In the study area are transport network system in the three ways, like roadway transport, Railway transport & Air transport etc. There are a good transport network service is available in the study area. Due to this transport network social & economic development of the area is being done, such as Agricultural, Marketing, Education, Health, Industrial, Villages, Tourism & Milk business etc, are being promoted. In this research paper the present study reveals of the Aurangabad district the distribution of the transport network system.

Increasing participation of women in the labour market in the developed and developing countries has brought out the issue of gender differentials in earnings and discriminated and disadvantaged in many aspects of employment such as employment diversification, quality of employment and wage earnings. The present study would explore the options for solving the problems of women labourers by making a detailed study assessing their employment position in agriculture, unemployment situation during of season, alternate source of employment and consequently suggesting the strategies to improve the present situation. The present study would suggest a number of fair reaching implications for the formulation of appropriate policies to generate employment in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, towards creation of better employment for women.

The write up explores the integration of information and communication technology in higher education and also discusses about the rationale and key challenges of inclusive society. Today’s students live in a globalized world that is technology driven, fast – paced and constantly changing. Information and communication technology plays a significant role in almost all the spheres of contemporary society. The institutional infrastructure based on information and communication technology can also be established for isolated, disadvantaged, and marginalized students beyond the time and space. This paper highlights the rationale for information and communication technology in higher education while discussing the inclusionary perspective in the Indian society. Today’s society by and large has become technology dependent irrespective of fields of work. The paper, however, concludes that the concept and understanding of inclusive society through higher education needs to be strengthened and new technologies, applications and other appliances should be widely utilized for varied purposes as and when required. For inclusive education to be effective, extensive consideration may be given to the appropriate selection and use of technological tools and applications. These technological interventions need to be representative, participative and effective all at the same time.

Not only in India, but around the world people led by social, political, cultural and economic reasons to marry their children in Watta-Sattamarriages. These marriages are relied on an alliance between two families and need an investigation to explore the socio economic background, main reasons of this custom as well as functional aspectof this very custom. This paper provides an insight into understanding the possibility of bride exchangeamong two familiesin Watta-Sattamarriage custom prevailing in Indian society and its associated mutual threat of vengeance. Thesample of the present study comprises 60 married male and females Kamboj respondents from 30 households.SPSS techniques has been applied to gauge directs relationship between variable.

Mobile phones are among the technological tools with the greatest presence in the market. Excessive use of mobile phones interferes with daily life, interaction with parents, alter interpersonal relationships and the user’s health and well-being is also affected. Phone addiction is a compulsive disorder that negatively affects the individual and his or her environment for common adverse psychological health signs and symptoms attributed to cell phone over usage are headache, irritability, insomnia, anxiety and lack of concentration. Nomophobia is a condition of being without a phone which leads to dependence syndrome. Social anxiety is a fear of social situations as the person feels negatively evaluated by others with leads to self-consciousness. People avoid face to face interactions and prefer conversations over the phone and pretend to use their phones to avoid eye contact with others. Social anxiety can differ from one person to another. Their anxiety reduces by using their phones as they don’t have to face the person personally. This paper investigates whether cell phone dependency has an effect on social anxiety on graduates. The sample size of the study is 30 and simple random sampling technique was used with questionnaire method. It was hypothesized that social anxiety and cell phone dependency is positively related. The findings show that the graduates are dependent on their cell phones but not to the extent where they have social anxiety.

This research paper aims at reviewing and analyzing the Persian inscriptions discovered at different mosques, dargahs, temples and museums of Assam. Inscription is considered as the first hand source materials which provide valuable and definite data for different aspects of the history of different periods of different regions. Persian inscriptions have been found in different areas of India through which many dark chapters have been illuminate. Assam is a historical place and most of the historical incidents have been proven by the help of old inscriptions discovered in Assam. The Persian inscriptions on natural rocks, hewn slabs of stone, temples, dargahs, mosques and other places are scattered throughout Assam. The general method used in this work is based on historical facts about the origin of the inscriptions, interviews, field surveys and primary and secondary sources. These inscriptions bear the most authentic hidden secret through which researchers can illuminate many evidence and facts about the history Assam.

The monthly and seasonal variations of physico chemical parameters were studied during January 2015 to December 2015 in Rajakkamangalam estuary (Latitude: 8° 114’N; Longitude: 77° 38’E) of southwest coast of India. The atmospheric and water temperature ranged from 29.00 C to 34.8 0 C and 27 0 C to 33.40 C. The pH ranged from 5.82 to 8.12. Salinity fluctuated between 0 to 12 ppt. The dissolved oxygen ranged between 0.56 ml/l to 5.60 ml/l. The CO2 ranged between 0 to 12.2 ppm. The value of BOD ranged from 0.28 ml/l to 3.08 ml/l. EC shows irregular pattern of distribution. TDS ranged between 80 mgl -1 to 355 mgl -1 . The values of nitrite and nitrate ranged from 0.35µg/l to 3.10 µg/l and 18.12µg/l to 30.75µg/l. The seasonal variation revealed that atmospheric temperature, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, EC, nitrite and nitrate were more in northeast monsoon season and low in non monsoon season.

Trichinopoly is reputed for the antiquity of its civilization situated on the banks of Cauvery. It has been the centre of many empires and battle fields, besides being an important strategic place. It is also chiefly noticeable for its remarkable Rock Temple and the group of temples clustered in and around it. Trichinopoly District shines as a prominent centre of education in TamilNadu on par with other important places in India. A beginning in modern education was made by the Christian Missionaries in Trichinopoly district to propagate the religion through educational Institutions. The Tranquebar Danish Mission was the pioneer in spreading education in the district. As early as in 1756, two of the missionaries, tracked many places in the district, founded schools in Srirangam and Trichinopoly.

In The White Tiger (2008), Aravind Adiga tries to represent the contemporary Indian society, and successfully offers a portrait of fast- developing Indian scenario in the postmodern era. The central consciousness, by and large in both his texts, The White Tiger, and Between the Assassination, is downtrodden, urban and rural, landless poor tottering under the pressure of traditional tortures like casteism, and poverty as well as comparatively new problems of terrorism and sedition. However, the very objective of my paper is to make a critical study on Adiga’s Booker prize winning novel, The White Tiger , and to show how the black heart of the shining 21st century India is depicted in the said novel through the animal imagery. And in the development of the arguments about the social construction this paper may bring the light of Marxism.

In India, right to marry according to one’s choice is inherent in the article 21 of the Indian Constitution itself, but seems like the society is still stuck to the primordial notions of caste and religion in case of matrimonial alliances. The recent upsurge in the number of honour killings indicate that still we are far away from realising the dream of ensuring dignity of an individual by providing an enabling environment to exercise their right of choice in matters as intimate as choice of life-partner. ‘Honour’ as an ideology is at the core of these crimes and it attaches the ‘honour’ of a family, caste and community to the so called inappropriate behavior of the women of the family. Any act which is perceivd to harm the ‘honour’ might lead to killing of both the spouses or any one of them. It is basically a denial of any agency to women to make choices about their sexuality.

The present study was explored to find out the adjustment of under graduate students. Survey method was conducted on a sample of 240 under graduate in Madurai district. Adjustment Inventory by A.K.P. Sinha and R.P. Singh (2009) was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using by t-test and Fratio. Results found that there is significant difference in adjustment of under graduate students based on gender and group studied. Findings also showed that there is no significant difference in adjustment of under graduate students with respect to type of management, religion, locality of residence, parental occupation and type of family.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of high and low intensity interval training on low density lipoprotein among higher secondary students of handball players. To achieve the purpose of this study, 45 school handball players from Islamiah Boys Higher Secondary School, Vaniambadi, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu was selected as subjects at random and their ages ranged from 15 to 17 years. The groups were assigned as Experimental Group I, Experimental Group II and Control Group in an equivalent manner. Experimental Group I was exposed to high intensity interval training, Experimental Group II was exposed to low intensity interval training and Control Group was not exposed to any experimental training other than their regular daily activities. The duration of experimental period was 12 weeks. Analysis of Covariance and Scheffe’s post hoc test was used. Result found that the high intensity interval training had shown significant reduction in low density lipoprotein among handball players than the low intensity interval training.

The present study was designed to find out the effect of task specific and occupational gadget training on selected general fitness components of intellectually disabled students. A sample of 45 male intellectual disability students was chosen randomly from Sivagangai District. The subjects were assigned at random into 3 equal groups of 15 each. Experimental Group-I underwent Task Specific Training, Experimental Group-II underwent Occupational Gadget Training and Experimental Group III acted as control. The duration of the training period for all the two Experimental groups was restricted to twelve weeks and the number of session per week was confined to four in a week. Task Specific and Occupational Gadget Training is treated as Independent variable. Agility was assessed by t-test and Balance was assessed by Stork Balance Stand test were selected as General fitness components. All the subjects were tested prior and too immediately after the training for all selected variables. Data was analyzed by using ANCOVA and Scheffe’s Post Hoc Test. Results found that there was significant difference among all the experimental groups namely Task Specific and Occupational gadget Training had significantly increased in the General fitness components. Findings also indicated that occupational gadget training group was found to be better than the task specific training group in selected General fitness components.

Bailey’s Cafe is the next novel by Naylor and it completes the group of four of her establishment as a dynamic writer. Her great feel of linking her first novel with the second novel is enjoyable unique. She uses two devices to make a sensible connect from the story of a novel to another novel. She develops a character or a situation referred into a first novel and next novel, she refers to Shakespeare. The best example of Mama Day, her next novel which shows the birth of George at Bailey’s Cafe which is her fourth novel, even though the name of George is quoted only in the last few page of the novel. The basic essence of the novel is the method in that the word prostitute has been used against woman, rather to clever of female sexual identity. The novel is about some people who find a café in Bailey’s Cafe the narration is mentioned by the cafe’s cook and Manager. The construction of the story is lyrical. The lyrical gives the effect of not less than Jazz and blues. The lyrics mentioned are sung by the characters themselves and in empower the characters to create the belief for a living.

A classroom simulation is a method of teaching/learning or evaluating learning of curricular content that is based on an actual situation. The simulation, designed to replicate a real-life situation as closely as desired, has students assume roles as they analyze data, make decisions and solve the problems inherent in the situation. As the simulation proceeds, students respond to the changes within the situation by studying the consequences of their decisions and subsequent actions and predicting future problems/solutions. During the simulation students perform tasks that enable them to learn or have their learning evaluated. Simulated clients can play an important role in classroom teaching. Scenarios that reproduce real-world situations bring theoretical lessons to life and offer students a chance to ask questions, discuss approaches and evaluate outcomes. In our education programs, simulated students give opportunity to practice study skills and give training to obtain higher achievement in their academics and provide them with valuable feedback, facilitated and led by the teachers. Simulation-based learning is a constructivist learning model that provides learners with an experience of working on a usually simplified in the specific concept of the subjects. The effect of simulation based learning approach will help the commerce students to perceive higher understanding in the concept of commercial activities and theories of commerce. Further it is concluded that simulation based learning approach one among the best approach rather than the other learning approaches followed by the teachers in teaching the different subject of the schools. Finally it is concluded that the simulation based learning approach is right platform for the students studying the commerce subject. The stimulus based learning approach because more useful for enhancing their teaching achievement in commerce. The students become interest to learn commerce in future.

Ground water is generally considered as safest among the various sources of water. But in the present days, due to unscientific waste disposal and improper sanitization measures, widespread reports of ground water contamination have increased public concern on drinking water quality. The study was under taken in these circumstances to analyze the drinking water quality status of open well water sources in three selected Grama Panchayat belonging to Thrissur district. Various physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of open well water samples from selected Grama Panchayats are analyzed. Standard methods described by APHA are used to analyze the physicochemical parameters while bacteriological parameters are analyzed using Membrane Filtration Method. The results obtained have been compared with prescribed standards for drinking water. The selected open well water sample from Veloor Grama Panchat was found safe while well water samples of Kattakambel and Chowannur Grama Panchayats were found unsafe as many physicochemical and bacteriological parameters are not satisfying the BIS standards for drinking water. Leaches from carelessly disposed wastes and improper sanitization measures may be the major reason. The study revealed careless waste disposal and other man made activities seriously polluted open well water sources in many areas of Kattakambel and Chowannur Grama Panchayats. The study suggests immediate action and pretreatment of open well water sources before consumption.

Women in unorganized sector especially women working in agriculture as labour are facing many of the problems and challenges both at their families and at their work places or farm lands. These problems and challenges are derived from their socio-economic conditions. Hence, to explore the socio-economic conditions, the present study was made in Hyderabad-Karnataka region, which constitute total six districts in Karnataka state. As the geographical territory and population of women agricultural workers is large to cover, sample survey of 1400 respondents was made using interview schedule. It is found that, the education of women agricultural workers is lowest, but majority of them are with more than 10 years of work experience in agriculture. Though they have rich experience in agriculture, it is noted that their wages are lower and discriminatory. As such, they are living in poor families. Hence, self-employment training, awareness on legislations to provide legal protection and social security to women agricultural workers is suggested.

A survey was conducted to study the Techno Pedagogical Skills (TPS) of teacher educators in Cuddalore district. One hundred and fifty teacher educators were chosen randomly and used as sample for the present study. A 5-point Likert type of scale was prepared and standardized by the researchers and used as the tool for the study. The scale consists of 51 statements with five responses. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS package. The result revealed that TPS of teacher educators were high. But, the TPS of the teacher educators differ with respect to the gender, and those who attended computer course and usage of technology.

Over thedecades, there has been tremendous change in the college libraries. Everyone has to adapt to these changes in demands for library services, information utilization, have forced the information professionals to accept more effective and efficient processing, storing and retrieving information. To cope up with these challenges, academic libraries have resorted to the application of modern technology.In the present study an attempt has been made to examine the problems related to OPAC service and status in college libraries of Murtizapur at how they are managing the quality of OPAC service and achieving users’ satisfaction. A total of 267 students from 3 colleges were served as the sample for the present study. The data was collected by structured questionnaire. Some of the important aspects of OPAC such as frequency of use purpose of useare to face the problems and satisfaction of the users finally paves the way for librarian and library personal to plan and provide OPAC service in a better way.

Mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way; on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally.More than simply positive mood, happiness is a state of well-being that encompasses living a good life –that is with a sense of meaning and deep satisfaction. Mindfulness and happiness varies from one individual to other individual. This study focuses on relationship between mindfulness and happiness. The total number of 250 sample were estimated for the study that was further again classified into 125 males and 125 females through purposive sampling technique.Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ ) ,by Baer, Smith , Hopkins,Krietmeyer,Toney (2000) , Oxford Happiness Questionnaire by Michale Argyle and Peter Hills was used for the study. The mean, standard deviation, correlation and independent t-test were used for the computation of statistical analysis. Significant positive relationship was found between the mindfulness and happiness and significant gender difference exist in mindfulness.But there was no significant gender difference in happiness.

All these current problems are reasoning from incorrectly interpreting the needs of century. However, the solution way is hidden in the problem itself i.e. good education. Whenever the minds of young brains are not lit adequately, opinions and beliefs have met with constant dispute that followed hatred among generations and nations. Such vicious circles have reasoned from ignorance and not been educated well. The main source of solution for the future of globe lies in founding and opening schools at every corner of the world which are devoted to universal values and respectful to all humankind and opinions. With the help of these institutions and devoted educators, mobilization should be declared against ignorance, intolerance and disrespectfulness towards universal values and besides preconceived ideas should be subject to critics so as to give and acquire an innovative viewpoint in such concepts and sciences.

Inflation and economic growth are deeply interconnected. Low and stable inflation are main objective of monetary policy for Reserve bank of India.

Seedlings of Solanum surattense Burm.F, a commonly used medicinal plant, were grown under water stressed (?-3.2Mpa) condition for 7 days. After 7 days under water stress plants were sprayed with spermine (100µM), a polyamine. Water stress has caused considerable reduction in leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weight, stem fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight. It is paralled with the reduction in chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, glucose and starch content in Solanum surattense. Similarly, a significant increased in the content of proline and free amino acids. However after the spermine application, all the parameters analysed viz., growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein, glucose, and starch content were found to be increased than the water stressed seedlings and decreased in the content of proline and free amino acids indicating the remedial effect of polyamine on water stressed plants.

Goods and Services Tax (GST) is an indirect tax levied on supply of goods and services. It is a single biggest tax reform in India .Earlier there were more than 17 types of indirect taxes levied on sale of goods and services in India. The compliances like separate registration for separate taxes and their different dates for filing returns were troublesome to the businessmen. But GST law has replaced all these indirect tax laws in India. After the introduction of GST in the country a single set of indirect tax is applicable. Under this system, there is a single date for filing return and only five types of rates are levied on supply of goods and services. This simple process gives huge relief to the businessmen by way of easy online compliance. It also helps the business people in saving significant amount because payment of a considerable amount by them as consultancy fees to their tax consultants for compliance of different kinds of taxes levied on sale of goods and services tax was a common practice during the pre-GST era in India. The present paper attempts to identify various benefits that can be derived for all sections of people as well as the government with the introduction of GST in India.

The present study was explored to find out the relationship between communication behaviour and stress among school teachers. Survey method was conducted on a sample of 287 school teachers in Coimbatore district. Data was analyzed by t-test and r-value. Finding showed that the level of communication behaviour and stress among school teachers is average. Result also found that there is very high negative significant relationship between communication behaviour and stress among school teachers.

The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of simplified kundalini yoga with and without diet modification on triglycerides among middle aged men with diabetics. To achieve the purpose of this study, 60 middle aged men with diabetics were selected from Ooty and their ages ranged from 40-60 years. Experimental group I was exposed to Simplified Kundalini Yoga with Diet Modification (SKYWDM), experimental group II was exposed to Simplified Kundalini Yoga with Diet Modification (SKYWODM) and control group was not exposed to any experimental training other than their regular daily activities. The duration of experimental period was 24 weeks. After the experimental treatment, all the 40 subjects were tested on their risk factors among middle aged men with diabetics. This final test scores formed as post test scores of the subjects. The pre-test and post-test scores were subjected to statistical analysis using Analysis of Co-variance and Scheffe’s Post hoc Test was used. It was concluded that the simplified kundalini yoga with diet modification group showed significant decrease in triglycerides than the simplified kundalini yoga without diet modification group and control group.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is an important developmental technique in the recent era which is often associated with the tools varied set of goods, applications and services that are used to produce, store, process, distribute and exchange information. The use of ICTs can make substantial changes for both teaching and learning and preparing the students for techno world. In this twentieth century most of the students of primary school have been given education through smart boards, and also using certain technological device, therefore school teachers must have well-designed technological skills and knowledge for better teaching-learning environment, with the modern teaching tools.

The present study was aimed to examine the relationship between study habits and scholastic performance of higher secondary students. Survey method was conducted on a simple random sample of 900 students in Chennai District. Data was analyzed by t-test, F-ratio and r-value. Major finding indicated that there is significant relationship between study habits and scholastic performance of higher secondary students.

Teacher was the only source of education for the students in the ancient periods. Now-a-days students have become free thinkers. They wish to learn everything fast. The teacher’s part becomes more responsible. He should be multitasked and multifaceted with creative and environmental source of knowledge and skills. Students face differentiated set of skill, attitude and actions that they need to prepare themselves to meet the challenges of a digital economy.

The purpose of the study was to find out the isolated and combined effect of plyometric training and skill training on speed and agility among women volleyball players. To achieve the purpose of this study, 60 volleyball players were selected randomly as subjects from Avinashilingam University, PSGR Krishnammal Arts & Science College, Nirmala College of Arts & Science, PSG Tech and Kongu Nadu Arts & Science College in Coimbatore at random and their ages ranged from 18 to 25 years. The subjects were divided into four equal groups of fifteen volleyball players each. The group I underwent plyometric training, group II underwent skill training, group III underwent combined plyometric training & skill training and group IV acted as a control group. The three experimental groups were participated the training for a period of twelve weeks to find out the outcome of the training packages and the control group did not participated in any training programme. Data was analyzed by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Scheffe’s Post hoc Test. In comparing the effect of combined plyometric and skill training group on bio-motor variables, from the obtained F-ratio, it was observed that combined group showed better performance on increasing speed and agility than the plyometric training skill training and control group.

While discussing the result and concerns lining by cleaning charwoman in her journey towards her goal, the main vehemence is the determination towards goal because it is of utmost importance. Like every human being, a woman has a cancel desire for the verbalism of her inborn knack and ability; even a small babe shows his determination through his actions and movements. So, it is very important for a woman to have a strong determination to orbit her goal. It is quite encouraging that nowadays, the woman who has strong determination has much more opportunities and prospects for compassing their goal. Even though woman has opportunities to reaching their goal, there are phone number of home exit, social publication and health issues. The women who have dominating office can easily reach her goal but the centre division women have all the above mentioned problems that need strong determination to reach her goal. This paper examines the delineation of Ankita, Female Friend in the novel Spirit is what you make it written by Preeti Shenoy. How a middle class women conflict for real number zing her object of life and in the course of her action what type of glitchesthat she face and how she is determined herself by never compromising to the situation is studied thematically with the view of real life situation.

Today physical education sports and games have become a part of curriculum in the school, college and Universities. Every human being has a fundamental right to asses to physical activities and sports, which are essential for the whole, some development of his personality. The freedom to develop physical intellectual and moral power, through physical education and sport must be guaranteed both within the educational system and in other aspect of social life.

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of interval training on selected power parameters among college male students. Pre-test Post-test random group design which consists of control group and experimental group was used. The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal groups of fifteen each and named as Group ‘A’ and Group ‘B’. Group ‘A’ underwent interval training and Group ‘B’ has not undergone any training. A random sample of 40 male students was selected from A.V.V.M Sri Pushpam College, Poondi, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu and their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The data was collected before and after twelve weeks of training. Data was analyzed by applying dependent t-test. Result found that the experimental group showed better improvement on explosive power and elastic power among male students than control group.

A range of ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors are related to urbanization from the standpoint of migration of people to urban areas. However, due to high cost of living they have to settle in slum areas and face problems. Due to illiteracy and less awareness of family planning they are unable to control family size. There is need to study awareness amongst slum dwellers especially amongst women for population control. The present study was carried out on women living in the slums of Chandigarh. The study is based on primary data which was collected through interview schedule from 50 respondents selecting 25 respondents each from two authorized slums in Chandigarh. The findings of the study revealed that women in slums. The findings indicate awareness of family planning programs but not proper utilization of various schemes of family planning program in these slum areas.

ICT, defined as a “diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information” (UNDP, 2000) and also, the term ‘First Generation Learners’ (FGL) refers to the students who are the first one in their entire generation to go to colleges and receive an education. These learners face a multitude of academic, psychological, socio-economic and cultural challenges. So, the use of ICT based system in education will increase the development and effectiveness of first generation learners learning methods. Survey method was taken up in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The sample consists of 147 students from 7 Arts and Science colleges affiliated to Bharathidasan University. Finding revealed that the ICT Knowledge among the First Generation Learners in Higher Education are average besides Science and Private college students have better ICT Knowledge than the Arts and Government college students. On the other hand, Gender did not place a major impact on the ICT Knowledge among the First Generation Learners in Higher Education.

Agricultural growth has played a major role in rural poverty reduction in the pastin Tamil Nadu and could make substantial contributions in the future. Agriculture is the livelihood for every farmer and consequently the economy of the State is primarily focused on agriculture. The role of agriculture in shaping the economy could be reflected from the large proportion of population that depends on agriculture for their livelihood and the significant contribution of agriculture to the State’s income. The present study focused on secondary data. The study suggested that Success of Agriculture depends very largely on optimum usage of water and assured irrigation. Hence, the Government is taking intensive efforts to popularize the Micro Irrigation system which helps in bringing more crops per drop.

An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. There is a strong positive link between national levels of human development and urbanization levels. Cities play a major role not only as providers of employment, shelter and services but also as centres of culture, learning and technological development, and portals to the rest of the world, industrial centres for the processing of agricultural produce and manufacturing, and places to generate income. Gujarat is one of the developed states in India. Urbanisation is one area where Gujarat is ahead of other states. Here, in this paper we analyse the top heavy characters which attribute to the growth of urban population in class I cities and also the factors that are responsible for higher rate of urbanisation in the state than the country from 1981 to 2011. Census of India and Town Directory of Census of India has been used from 1981 and 2011. The analysis of the trends and patterns of urbanisation in the state is in the context of changing urban governance and commercialisation of basic services.

The present paper is aimed at studying the community participation in the management of government-aided minority schools. The entire paper is divided into three parts. The first part begins with introduction which deals with the significance of community participation in the overall school improvement, Needs and Importance of the Study and operational definitions of the key terms used in the study. The second part deals with the research questions followed by five objectives whish seek to explore how community participation plays a role in the management of Government-Aided Minority Schools. Sampling, analysis and interpretation of data have been also discussed in this part. In the third and last part major findings of the study have been discussed followed by the conclusion and educational implications of the research carried out.

Every day, approximately 800 women die from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth, of which, 99% of all maternal deaths occur in developing countries. In India, Bihar is consistently having poor maternal health indicators despite of various Govt. run program such as Janani Suraksha Yojna(JSY) which was introduced on 2005. For the present study a community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 49 villages selected using multistage sampling technique for selecting 494 women in the age group of 15-49 years during January 2018-June 2018 to find out the socio demographic factors influence women’s choice of place of Antenatal Care Services (ANC) in rural areas of Siwan district, Bihar. Data analysis was done with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version-20. The result reveals that education, age at marriage, educational, appeared strong influencing factors for the choice of place of Antenatal Care (ANC) among women in rural areas. The result also shows that 32.4% of Respondents have received health facilities from private hospitals in the study area. It concludes that lack of awareness about Antenatal care services and poor socioeconomic conditions of the family appear to be the main reasons for choosing to delivery at home. It recommends that Government should be taken a comprehensive strategy to increase the availability, accessibility and affordability of delivery care services in rural areas. Public health strategies involving traditional birth attendants will be beneficial particularly rural & remote areas where their services are highly needed.

As per new National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE, 2014) Regulations, the school internship programme will be organized for 16 weeks in pre-service two year Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programme. The present study aimed to explore the process of School Internship Programme with respect to preparation of lesson plan and classroom practices. The descriptive survey method and convenience sampling technique was adopted for the present study. The total sample of the study was 53 student teachers, selected from B.Ed. 2nd year and B.Sc. B.Ed. 4th year of Regional Institute of Education, National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), Ajmer, Rajasthan State, India. The data were analysed by using Frequency and Percentage and Content Analysis. The major findings of the study revealed that majority of the student teachers (75.46 per cent) were planned lesson plans with lecture cum demonstration method. It was observed that student teachers used smart classes very effectively and it was also found that very few student teachers planned and practiced innovative pedagogies during School Internship Programme.

The present study was explored to find out the psychological impacts of chanting instrumental therapy on simplified kundalini yoga. A random sample of 60 college students were assigned as experimental group and control group during the academic year 2017-2018 was selected in Chennai district. Their age ranged from 18 to 23 years and the duration of training was 3 to 6 months. Data was analyzed by using ANCOVA. Results found that the pre-test mean and adjusted post-test mean F-ratio is significant at 0.05 level.

The present study was undertaken to investigate intelligence and creativity among college students of tribal and non-tribal area. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of tribal and non-tribal area on intelligence and creativity of college students as well as to study the gender difference in intelligence and creativity. For this study, total one hundred college going students were (50 were tribal area and 50 were non-tribal) selected as a sample out of them 50 boy students and 50 girl students through purposive sampling method from Junnar and Ambegon Tahshil (Dist- Pune, Maharashtra). Study revealed that 1) there is no significant difference of tribal and non-tribal area on intelligence among college students. 2) There is a significant gender difference on intelligence. Girls are more intellectual than boys.3) There is a significant area difference in creativity; students of non-tribal area are more creativity as compared to tribal area. 4) There is a no significant gender difference on creativity. Creativity of girls and boys are equal.

In the transdermal drug delivery, Drug transport across biomembrane is increased using Iontophoresis by applying electric pulse to the biomembrane. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of pulsed current for different duty cycles of time on iontophoretic transport. Drug transport across biomembrane is enhanced using iontophoresis is by three mechanisms: (a) the ionic and electric field interaction; (b) flow of electric current; (c) electroosmosis. The ionic-electric field interaction provides an additional force which drives ions through the biomembrane. Flow of electric current increases permeability of biomembrane. Electroosmosis produces bulk movement of ionic solvent itself that caries ions. The relative selection of suitable duty cycle of time and importance of duty cycle in iontophoretic Power Supply has been studied. Theoretical Concepts with this respect are reviewed and Experimental observations are explored to clarify the nature of duty cycle for drug transport and also to define the conditions under which duty cycle drug transport is optimal in iontophoresis. The Egg membrane is used as biomembrane for the study. NaCl dissolved in the de-ionized water is used for transport study across biomembrane. For the study Vertical Franz cell with two side arms is used. The mass transported across the biomembrane with Iontophoresis power Supply by changing the different duty cycles are compared with the mass transport without iontophoresis.

Tourism is as old as history itself. In tourism a new aspect is added that is medical tourism. People travel one country to another to seek treatments. Medical tourism can be described as tourism with biomedical treatments. India as a developing countries manage to boost its tourism industry by advancing its technological development with lowering the cost of care. It ranks 2nd in the medical tourism sector. 21 hospitals of India served as a destination for the medical tourists. As health being an important necessity to life is an emerging investment sector in India. The number of skilled doctors and specialists are increasing day by day. With this demand for better health care facility is also increasing. Countries like Bangladesh, Iran, Iraq, and Yemen look toward India for their medical necessities.

Internet banking system is helping the bank customers to do their banking transactions through online. The customers could use their personal computers and smart phone for it, which helps to check the bank balance, paying any loan and go for financial instruments and fixed deposits. Internet banking helps the businessmen to make payment very fast and reliable, it is secure, it save time and money. The objectives of the study are (i) to present the socio economic profile of the customers.(ii) to assess the level of customer perception of online banking and (iii) to offer suggestions to the customers regarding online banking. Thanjavur District has taken for this study, convenient sampling method adopted to collect the data for this study. 250 samples were taken for this study at the study area. All the sample respondents were equal weightage while collect the data. The respondents were ensured that whether they are using internet banking before issue the questionnaire. Likert five point scale used to measure the perception of online banking. Researcher concluded that Online banking system has no time restrictions, during day time business people and other employees are doing their regular work, while leisure they could pay money through online banking system. It is more benefit to all community people, the same time the customers should be aware of online frauds with the help of bankers. The educational instaurations and other social service centers should educate the people to create awareness.

Classroom climate can be defined as the mood or atmosphere created by a teacher in the classroom, the way the teacher interacts with students, and the way by which physical environment is set. The sample consists of 1010 of higher secondary students in Coimbatore District. Data was analyzed by using t-test, Fratio and Correlation. Results revealed that there is significant difference in classroom climate of higher secondary students owing to the differences in gender and type of school.

Academic self-concept is conceived as a student’s self-perception regarding specific academic domains or abilities. Academic self-concept has two major sides namely, negative self-concept and positive self-concept. From these two kinds, negative self-concept affects the student’s academic achievement, whereas the positive self-concept develops the student’s perception about himself/ herself. The present study was aimed to investigate the academic self-concept of higher secondary students. Survey method was conducted on a sample of 1194 higher secondary students in Tamil Nadu. Data was analyzed by using t-test and F-ratio. Result found that there is significant difference in academic self-concept of higher secondary students with respect to gender, medium of instruction, region and type of school.

One of the most significant stipulations that allow for successful inclusion of special education students is the attitude of the general education teacher regarding the inclusion of special education students into their classroom. Classrooms are now becoming more diverse with respect to students abilities, therefore, sensitivity awareness and commitment towards teaching profession on the part of general education, teacher is essential to promote successful inclusion. Given that one key factor in success of inclusive education lies in the general educator’s attitude and willingness to accommodate students who have disabilities. It is the teacher who can help disabled persons break out into the world and embark on the path of self- realization and self-expression. In this case its implementation is not an easy task; it needs thorough investigation, understanding, aims and principles and taking consistent and appropriate measures to make it successful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inclusion of disabilities or special needs within a traditional classroom environment. Particularly an attempt was made to study teacher’s beliefs, attitudes and instructional practices including disabled student’s views and other associated factors which are believed to make the practice of inclusive education successful. Survey method was conducted on a stratified random sample of 600 primary school teachers in 5 districts of West Bengal state. Data was analyzed by using t-test. Result found that there is significant difference in attitude towards inclusive education of primary school teachers with regard to gender. Finding also indicated that there is no significant difference in attitude towards inclusive education of primary school teachers with regard to locality.

Alappuzha District is the main centre of coir industry in Kerala. Both the men and women are engaged in the different phases of production of coir. The yarn spinning is generally handled by the women workers and the involvement of men in the weaving sector of coir production. The value added products are mainly focused export market. The non-conventional products can play a major role in the future of the coir industry. The major problems faced by coir industry are lack of raw material, lack of skilled and cheap labour, power supply, acceptance in the domestic market etc. The coir board, the governments and the coir cooperative societies need to create awareness and to provide training, guidance in order to promote the production of the value added products.

Climate change is affecting almost every aspect of human society. Among the human sectors coal based electricity remains the top contributor to climate change. Given the fast depletion of coal reserves, release of carbon dioxide and yet to be affordable renewable energy, everyone needs to take up electricity conservation practices (ECP) to address climate change. B.Ed. student-teachers being the future secondary school teachers, have the larger responsibility in developing ECP among the adolescent pupils who are future citizens. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop and find out the effectiveness of Instructional Package on Climate Change (IPCC) with reference to ECP among B.Ed. student-teachers in Bangalore. Pretest, post-test parallel group design was used. Climate Change Practices Scale (CCPS) which includes ECP as one of its dimensions was used to collect data which was statistically analyzed and interpreted.

The nation has been making to concerted efforts in providing quality education to all children in the age group 6-14 years. The latest such interventions is the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), a country wide programmed for UEE launched in 2001-2002 this programme has been a success to a great extent in providing valuable experiences in planning and its implementation of educational programmes at the subnational levels this has also prompted to seriously consider moving towards universalizing education for all children in the age group14-18 years i. e. up to secondary stage of school education.

In 1926, All Bengal College and University Teachers Association (ABCUTA) came as a representative body of the College And University teachers. After independence in place of ABCUTA, West Bengal College And University Teachers’ Association (WBCUTA) played a vital role in the College Teachers movement. After independence the influence of the leftists particularly the Communist increased in the teacher’s movement. Gradually the form of protest also became more militant. The Token Strike of 1949 was the first step to militant character of the college teachers’ movement. Majority voted against strike but pro-communist elements insisted to holding a two-day token strike.

Agriculture is the mainstream of the state of Maharashtra. It is the main occupation of the people. Both food crops and cash crops are grown in the state. Large area of the state has been brought under fruit cultivation. The researcher has selected Purandar taluka as the representative of the drought prone area. Fig, custard apple, pomegranate, ber are popular fruits grown in this area. For the economic development of farmers having dry and waste land the fruit plantation is useful. It may increase exports and earn foreign currency. The present research is focused on the problems related to fig and custard apple Marketing and tendency of farmers to sell fig and custard apple with special reference to Purandar taluka of Pune District.

Financial derivatives are most effective tool for risk management in various asset classes. But these assets are not wisely used by Indian retail or individual investors. Various studies including market regulators SEBI shared their concerns about trading technique of retails or individual investor. The recently said individual investors many of them not financial fit to bear the loss caused by equity derivative market due to various factors associated with derivative segment. In order to curb the retails trading volume SEBI has done various changes in equity derivative segment. This research paper is an attempt towards studying the impact on such events on individual investor’s volume. Event study methodology has been used along with T-test. The data for the study has been taken from SEBI and NSE official website from 2015 to 2018. The results showed that most events of the SEBI have not brought any significant change on individual investors’ volume.

Among the four literary genre, drama is considered the most potent vehicle to hold a mirror to society. True to this fact, English drama, in its marathon journey, has created a tremendous appeal to the different sections of people from time to time reflecting the contemporary life. Infact, its glory began right from the Elizabethan period and received a paradigm shift from nineteenth century, especially due to scientific inventions and discoveries from Victorian age. The proposed paper throws a flood of light on its dramatic travel with its new concepts and techniques. The transformation can be visualized from the perspective of depicting human propensity to intellectual exuberance to enlighten the audience with thought provoking ideas besides providing a variety of recreation. As well, the paper focuses on the historic rise of G.B. Shaw as a dramatist on English literary horizon. In this process, his indomitable competence and art of writing is reviewed with an eye of creative temperament and critical observations.

The present paper aims at exploring the nature and function of pragmatic entities conventional and non-conventional implicatures in R.K. Narayan’s fiction The Guide. H. P. Grice, a British Philosopher was the pioneer to have introduced the notion of ‘Implicature’ in Pragmatics. The term ‘Implicature’ stands out as a significant notion of for several reasons. Truly speaking, the entity ‘Implicature’ unfolds varied underlying processes of the phenomenon ‘communication’ which occupies vital importance as far as characters in the novels are concerned. This term mainly focuses on how characters in the novels in particular and speakers in general in day-today-life meant more than they actually say. This paper also gives rise to the thought that meaning is basically situation or context oriented on the basis of the difference between Pragmatics and Semantics. In Semantics meaning is studied purely as a property of expression. It may neglect various aspects of context while calculating the meaning of the given expression since such expression of meaning lies beyond the scope of Semantics.

Users no longer wait for what they need. They can search, educate ourselves and make purchases at any time. Patience is at an all-time low, and the potential consumers can act immediately and expect to find relevant, useful content to aid them in their decision-making process. It is these micro-moments that shape their needs and inform the purchase decisions. Businesses that do the best job of helping users in these Moments of Truth will beat out the competition.In this paper, an overview of these crucial moments of truth is focused upon and how the marketers can capitalize on them. The paper also focuses on one of the newer additions to this thinking — what Google is calling the Zero Moment of Truth (ZMOT) — and how our alwayson internet connections and mobile devices are driving purchase decisions as never before. The paper discusses how the customer journey has changed in the digital age and recommends ways to reach consumers at each stage of the journey via SEO. Each micro-moment must connect consumer intent with the desired outcome. The future of marketing depends on identifying these new moments and learning how to make each micro-moment matter.

This paper initiates with demographic profile of sample households and their socio-economic conditions and concludes with subjective results along with objective empirical evidence of RWH implications in Basapur and Ballarwad villages in Navalgund taluk, Jammihal and Tumrikoppa villages in Kalghatagi taluk. This study is based on primary data sources collected from four sample villages. For data analysis has undertaken with the help of simple statistical tools such as percentage, growth rate and associations. Agriculture is the major economic activity in the selected study area. Current study addresses the implications of rain water harvesting in sample villages such as Basapura and Ballarwad in Navalgund taluk which is least developed and low rainfed area in Dharwad district and it is compared with Jammihal and Tumrikoppa villages of Kalghatagi taluk which is more economically developed and having more water resources. The results showed that RWH has benefitted agriculture development and improvement in standard of living of farmers in the study area.

The present study was conducted to explore the relation between mathematics anxietyand socioeconomic statusof the secondary students with respect to their gender and locality. The researchers applied Math Anxiety Scale (Bengali medium) and Socio-Economic Scale developed by Halder on 320 students, randomly selected as the sample of the study from secondary schools of Dakshin Dinajpur District in West Bengal. The study explored that there is significant negative correlation between mathematics anxiety and socio-economic status of the secondary students.

Among the four literary genre, drama is considered the most potent vehicle to hold a mirror to society. True to this fact, English drama, in its marathon journey, has created a tremendous appeal to the different sections of people from time to time reflecting the contemporary life. Infact, its glory began right from the Elizabethan period and received a paradigm shift from nineteenth century, especially due to scientific inventions and discoveries from Victorian age. The proposed paper throws a flood of light on its dramatic travel with its new concepts and techniques. The transformation can be visualized from the perspective of depicting human propensity to intellectual exuberance to enlighten the audience with thought provoking ideas besides providing a variety of recreation. As well, the paper focuses on the historic rise of G.B. Shaw as a dramatist on English literary horizon. In this process, his indomitable competence and art of writing is reviewed with an eye of creative temperament and critical observations.

Coaches often provide their time freely because of the satisfaction, fun and enjoyment derived from watching their athletes grow and achieve their potential. However, from time to time, frustration can creep in as their focus turns to managing bad behaviour. The aim of this article is to assist coaches by providing four strategies for engaging young athletes in sport.

India has had a wonderful history of teaching through various mediums like the Gurukula, GuruShishya parampara etc. Ancient Gurukula System was an effective medium to teach and learn. In modern India people realising its importance also. To create ethics and honesty Gurukula plays a vital role. So here I am introducing some of importances about Gurukula.

The aim of this research is to measure work and social adjustment (WASA) of women teachers working in higher secondary schools in rural areas of Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu.

This study recognizes the Economic Analysis of Co-Operative Milk Producer Union in Karaikal Region. Data was collected from Karaikal Region Milk Producer Union during 2007 to 2016 years. Ratios analysis has applied to find out the performance of Milk Producer union. Descriptive research techniques were used to collecting the information from the balance sheets, profit and loss account cash flow statement. The convenient sampling technique is applied to decide the selection of the Co-Operative Milk Producer Union. It is found that consumer co-operative milk producer union milk met higher level risk towards working capital management.

Public expenditure is a major part of public finance and scientifically it is studied in public economics. Government spending on social services contributes social welfare. Hence, in this paper, an attempt made to empirically analyse the trends in expenditure on social services of Government of Maharashtra since 2007-08 to 2016-17. The data related to study is collected from the authentic sources. The collected data has analysed through descriptive statistics. The Linear Growth Rate (LGR) and Compound Growth Rate (CGR) are calculated using simple regression analysis. From the results of analysis, it is found that there is significant increase in all three revenue expenditure, capital expenditure and total expenditure on social services. But in total expenditure the percentage of revenue expenditure is greater than the percentage of capital expenditure during the period under study.

The erstwhile state of Travancore, situated in Southern-most part of Indian peninsula. The ancient history of Travancore is the history of the larger Unit of Kerala.1 The Travancore state covered an area of 7625 square miles stretching from Cochin to Cape Commerin, between 80 4 and 100 22 north latitude and between 760 13 and 770 33 east longitude. Its extreme length from north to south was 174 miles.2 Although this tract of land was small in size it was famous for its vast stretches of paddy fields, rich forests and mineral sands.

The research study was designed to determine the level of political awareness among the post graduate students of Bharathiar University. A normative survey method was employed to do the stated objective. Statecraft Awareness Tool (2017) was constructed by the research investigators for collecting data from nearly 240 students out of 2,385 who are served as the roles of samples chosen by simple random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed by applying inferential statistics. The research result shows that the post graduate students were statistically differ in being politically beware in terms of gender only. The level of political awareness among the post graduate students remained low. The integration of the basic knowledge on stately affairs or basis of Indian Constitution in the subject as supportive paper should be placed in the curriculum.

The present investigation reveals the level of environmental awareness of Secondary School students in a district of Assam based on gender, locale of study and medium of instruction. Random sampling was used to select 158 secondary school students from Kamrup (Metro) District, Assam. Normative survey method was used for the present investigation. Environmental Awareness Scale constructed and validated by the investigator was used. Calculation of means and standard deviations and test of significance. Total scores of environmental awareness stood at a low level (<50). Girls’ environmental awareness was greater than boys, urban students’ awareness greater than rural students and Assamese medium students’ awareness greater than English medium students. Environmental education, a process for increasing environmental knowledge and awareness is essential for the future of this world. This study evaluates awareness about the environment among students to remedy lacunae in existing situation.

River embankment is a quite prevalent flood protective measure being practiced since long time past. It is a simple and cost effective measure but the effectiveness and performance of the embankments vary from case to case. River Ajoy is an important right bank tributary of the river Bhagirathi. During peak discharge period, particularly in the month of September, embankment of Ajoy river breaches at a number of places which result widespread sandsplays on the agricultural land. The magnitude of flood caused by breach of embankment is far greater than a normal flood and as a post flood hazard and the sandsplays bring a long lasting socio-economic consequences in the concerned area. This paper deals with the breach of embankment and the impact of sandsplays on the micro-topographical feature of Lower Ajoy River Basin.

Agriculture has been a way of life and continues to be the single most important livelihood of the masses, Agricultural policy focus in India across decades has been on Self-sufficiency and Self-Reliance in food grains production. India is an agricultural country; the Indian economy is basically agrarian. In spite of economic development and industrialisation, agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy. As Mahatma Gandhi said “India lives in villages and agriculture is the soul of Indian economy”. Nearly twothirds of its population depends directly on agriculture for its livelihood. Agriculture is the main stay of India’s economy. It contributes about 26 percent of the gross domestic product. Agriculture meets food requirements of the people and produces several raw materials for industries. Hence in the present study to analyse yield constraints of banana cultivation in Thoothukudi district.

Among three basic necessities of life i.e. Food, Shelter and Clothing, Food is the first and foremost requirement to sustain life on Earth. We need Food for growth and development.

Talented leaders are the backbone of an organization; they develop strategies and take initiative to grow. Academic leaders set academic priorities evaluate faculties and lead them in achieving success. College teachers perceive their academic leaders in various different aspects beginning with setting objectives for them till the outcome of their results. This helps them to view and analyze their principal not only as an academic leader but as a coordinator who motivates and guide them in achieving their goals.

The banking system is major part of financial sector and it plays an important part in the growth of economy. The aim of this research is to study and compare performance of state bank of India and icici banks which are operating in Tamilnadu at Chennai Annannagar branch during the period of 2012-2017. One private and one public bank are used for the research. Bank size and financial ratios are taken as variables such as operating profit and net interest income and debt equity ratio, As a result of the study, it stated that operating profit ratio, State bank of India is higher than private banks.

This paper discuss about the perspective challenges this assumption and in doing so casts motivation in a much more interesting light. In place of the view of motivation as a simple amount of caring, it proposes that there are qualitatively different motivational frameworks, driven by people’s beliefs and goals, that affect basic attention and cognitive processes. By doing so, these motivational frameworks can substantially change intellectual performance even among individuals who care very much about succeeding. Interestingly, the incremental theorists’ grade advantage was mediated partially through their learning goals and partially through their greater belief in the efficacy of effort, both of which led to more vigorous, mastery oriented strategies in the face of difficulty.

Education is an elementary right for children ageing from six to fourteen in India now and higher education is an elementary need for the development of the nation. In my paper I have thus tried to focus on the point that higher education for attaining knowledge had always being given importance in our country. India since ancient days had stressed on spiritual enlightenment of human which was restricted to certain classes only. With the coming of colonial rule came education for all which helped in the development of Nation as a whole and the process is still ongoing.

Talented leaders are the backbone of an organization; they develop strategies and take initiative to grow. Academic leaders set academic priorities evaluate faculties and lead them in achieving success. College teachers perceive their academic leaders in various different aspects beginning with setting objectives for them till the outcome of their results. This helps them to view and analyze their principal not only as an academic leader but as a coordinator who motivates and guide them in achieving their goals.

The time is approaching when the childs physical education will be given as much consideration as his mental education. Emphasis is now being placed on the school nurse and teacher as well as the physician. A recent advance would also take in the parents help and co-operation. Physical examination is fast changing from medical to health inspection; and administrative changes transfer work from the department of health to that for education. Dental, nutritional and postural observations are of first importance. Tests of fitness have not been quite satisfactory, but pulse rate before. and after exercise seems the best. A programme of health education gives the most comprehensive out-of-school results. The school day is excessive in the information-fodder supplied but scantily assimilated; intelligence for age bearing little relation to time of school attendance. Out-of-school supervision is required for play and holidays. During the period surveyed there has been notable improvement in the hygienic and social aspect of education, in school sanitation, and in the scope of work of external health agencies acting on or through the schools.

Now a day’s smart mobile devices are deployed with different cloud based services like Google applications, Instagram, Facebook etc., which have been widely developed as mobile applications for mobile cloud computing. The latest hardware and programming developments in smart gadgets has given give consistent collaboration between the clients and devices. Thus, rather than the conventional user, the mobile client in mobile Cloud environment creates an expansive volume of information which can be effectively gathered by mobile Cloud service providers. Moreover, the mobile users dont have the precise thought regarding the positive physical area of their own data. Along these lines, the users cant control over their data once it is put away in the Cloud. This thesis examines security and protection issues in such mobile Cloud environments and exhibits new client driven access control systems customized for the versatile Cloud situations. With a particular final objective to organize the data security and clients assurance in mobile cloud environment, the thesis investigates Cipher Text - Attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) strategies in mobile cloud computing. CP-ABE plan empowers information owners to authorize access arrangements amid the encryption. Connection related attributes, for example, requester’s area and conduct are consolidated within ABE plan to give information on security and client protection. This will enable the owners of the mobile data to logically control the passage to their data at runtime. Remembering the final objective to improve the execution, an answer that offloads the high-cost computational work and interchanges from the smart devices to the Cloud is proposed. Secret methods are integrated in the key issuing protocol so that the user’s identities are shielded from being followed by the service providers amid information exchanges. The proposed plans are secure from known attacks and thus suitable for mobile Cloud environment. Implementations of the proposed plans are formally scrutinized utilizing standard techniques on mobile and cloud environment.

India is among the ‘young’ countries in the world, with the proportion of the work force in the age group of 15-59 years, increasing steadily. India has a great opportunity to meet the future demands of the world, India can become the worldwide sourcing hub for skilled workforce. However, presently only 2% of the total workforce in India have undergone skills training. The Labour Bureau of the Ministry of Labour and Employment has been conducting quick employment surveys to assess the effect of the economic slowdown and skill development initiatives by government and some private partners on employment and the resulting job in India. This paper attempts a study of skill development to facilitate higher growth in economy and employment. Based on the secondary data analysis, it is interpreted that the assessment of the performance on the employment front of skill development programs has to be based on indirect indicators, which have a bearing on employment growth like global economic slowdown and employment generation under various schemes. A major problem in assessing trends in employment in India is the overwhelming presence of the informal sector. While the bulk of the employment generated in the economy comes from the normal growth process, since the employment strategy included several schemes aimed specifically at promoting employment, it would be also useful to review the contribution of specific employment-generation schemes and their impacts as well as skill development programs. It is high time that the potential role of civil society groups and NGOs in supplementing the efforts of the public sector is given due recognition. In addition, serious thought needs to be given to: (a) recognizing and formalizing the informal apprenticeship arrangements in the unorganized sector, which have been an important source of skill development; (b) improving and strengthening informal apprenticeship enabling their transition into modern skill areas, if required; and (c) evolving and funding proactive partnerships between the government, the private sector, and NGOs through NSDC.

This study compared cognitive personality trait in the form of self concept among high and low achiever sportsperson. This study was conducted on 30 high achievers and 30 low achiever sportsperson. The classification of high achiever sportsperson was based on participation in international / national level sports competition while for low achiever sportsperson it was deemed as participation in intercollegiate sports competition. The same comprise of both male and female sportsperson. To assess cognitive personality trait of the selected sportsperson, Self Concept Questionnaire prepared by Saraswat (2011) was preferred. Results indicate that cognitive personality trait in high achiever sportspersons was significantly superior as compared to low achiever sportsperson. It was concluded that perception towards own abilities were higher in high achiever sportspersons in contrast to low achiever sportsperson which assist them to perform with their optimum potential.

The present researchwas executed to elucidate the role of locus of control and learned optimism on happiness of university students. The sample consisted of 60 students studying post graduate courses in a university. They were assessed by locus of control scale, learned optimism scale and happiness scale. The results of correlation coefficient indicated that all of the studied variables were positively significantly correlated with happiness. Also, the regression analysis showed that locus of control and learned optimism could predict happiness significantly. The implications and limitations of the research are discussed.

The main objectives of the paper are to analyse the status of Scheduled Tribess in Andhra Pradesh and to analyse the poverty levels in Guntur district among the Tribes categories. The paper is based on the primary data. 100 sample respondents are selected from the two regions of Palnadu and gunture region of Andhra Pradesh. The incidence of persons living below poverty in Palnadu region is 69.50 and 52.27per cent in Guntur region. The incidence poverty among the caste category analysis is clearly shows that, it is found to be very high in ST and SCs. It is clearly shows that the poverty is 82 per cent of STs, 78 per cent of SC, 60 per cent of the BCs and 58 per cent of General respondents are below poverty line in Palnadu region. Where as in Guntur region 67 per cent of STs, 57 per cent of SCs, 45 per cent of BCs and 40 per cent of the OC respondents are under the below poverty line. It clearly shows that the poverty is high in Palnadu region when compared to Guntur region among the all the Tribes categories.

In India, there are not one but several literary traditions. They exist in literature simultaneously, but one of them represents the canonized crest. The others are not canonized and placed, obscurely. Ganesh Devy conceptualized the other, obscure, suppressed or sub-cultural literary phenomena by using the term para-literature (Of many Heroes, 134). This kind of institutionalization of literature has a greater connection with the power-structure and power-relations of the society we live in. The Bountiful Banyan, A Biography of Karmveer Bhaurao Patil (Anna), written by Barrister P. G. Patil, and Matthews Karmveer Bhaurao Patil have been relegated to the category of para-literature and considered as non-literature because Bhaurao Patil(here-after Anna) as well as Barrister P. G. Patil (here-after Pee Jee) had never made a compromise with the Brahmanical codes : taboos and totems.

India is unique in the diversities that it represents. It has been characterized as one of the greatest geographical museums in the world, where cultural pluralities are manifested in all dimensions, where political behavior is strongly colored by consideration of communal identification, and where there is a lack of integration among the masses all over the country which create regionalization in India. Regionalization is the process of dividing a country in to smaller jurisdictions and transforming power from central government to the region. On the other hand Regionalism is a doctrine, a theoretical concept, or a system that refers to the customs traditions, history and even behavior peculiar to a specific area. Regionalism as a concept cannot be separated from regionalization. It is a potent weapon which fosters regionalization. Regionalism is at present a fairly widespread phenomenon in Indian political system. As the various developmental programs are carried out, regional disparities are already becoming more marked and widespread engendering a sense of cumulative deprivations in the people of certain regions. However, an attempt has been made in this paper to focus on the theoretical perspectives of regionalism and to find out how far and to what extent regionalism and regionalization of politics poses a challenge to the national politics in India asserting autonomy and self-determination. The paper concludes with some recent issues of regionalism and process of regionalization of politics in country

The presentation of fine arts such as vocal, instrumental music, dance, drama & etc requires the platforms (stage) which plays a very prominent role. Since the artist performs & presents his art for the fulfillment of desires of the listeners. Thus the artist whole heartedly presents to the audience which glitters the particular art. This in turn brings realization to the artist himself about his diligence.

The present research paper is based on Emotional Stability of Secondary School Students in relation to their Gender and Locality. Descriptive Survey Method was used by the investigator. . 10 secondary schools (5 from rural area and 5 from urban area) were selected randomly from that Moga district. There after 10 students (5 boy and 5 girl students) were selected randomly. Thus, 100 secondary school students was comprised the sample of the present study. Emotional Stability Questionnaire by Sanjay Vohra was used. Statistical techniques were used: Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, andt- test. Finding of study15% of secondary school students had high emotional stability, 40% of secondary school students had low emotional stability and 45% of secondary school students had moderate emotional stability.

This paper intends to findthe activities of the Bengali mediumstudents ofurban and rural primary schools of West Bengal in learning English(L2 )through Activity Based Method.The authors set four objectives for finding the quality of activities in those schools.An observation schedule was developed by the researchers to observe and note the activities of the students during learning. The authors also compared the learning activities of the two groups of students and found their strength and weakness in activities. Finally the strength and weakness of the Bengali medium primary students in learning English(L2 )through Activity Based Method were revealed.

In creating the Bengali intelligentsia and cultural make up, the role of English education is unquestionable. The educational exertions of the missionaries gave an impetus to come out the home breaking all the barriers of social prejudices. Though, it was not able to attract people irrespective of caste and class. The dilemma of educated men in quest of imparting education among the women hindered the way of spreading education. But in spite of all these, ray of western thought and perception deeply influenced the mind of educated Bengalis, from which concept of Bengali renaissance germinated. Liberalism, Rationalism, scientism, and nationalism began to be emerged in this part of India. In consequence, breaking the initial hesitation a large number of educated people came forward to take initiative or assist in the opening of educational institutions as per the demand of modern age.

Achieving business sustainability is not a quick process. The successful firms of the future will be highly sustainable. This paper aims to analyze and discuss the integration of sustainability efficiency and the challenges of accomplishing long-run sustainable business performance, and the link between the firm and the community in which it performs. The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of the sustainability performance indicators which helps in measuring business growth and development. The objective of a sustainable performance measurement is to assess corporate contribution to sustainability. Triple Bottom Line (TBL) is an accounting standard accepted by the United Nations that measures three aspects of organizational success: economic, ecological, and social. This is often rephrased "profit, planet, people". Supportability execution pointers (SPIs) are utilized to gauge an organizations execution and to screen and give an account of future advancement. The paper produces bits of knowledge about the development of supportability measurements, the determinants, dangers, and chances involved in doing the change to manageability.

Over the past few years, social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter have revolutionized not only how people interact with each other but also how businesses interact with consumers. So many businesses within the hospitality industry rely on word of mouth and good reviews from loyal customers that social media is a natural marketing tool. The use of social internet outlets has become widespread, and travellers consistently use the media to brag about their great experiences as well as express displeasure with poor ones. Social media are playing an increasingly important role as information sources for travellers. Tourism is an information-intense therefore, it is critical to understand changes in technologies and consumer behaviour that impact the distribution and accessibility of travel-related information. Social media has recently been adopted by a small group of organizations integrated marketing plans. There by infusing a mix of advertisement, public relations, their sales promotion to produce a customer focused message. Since social media is available to anyone with an internet connection, it should be a platform that can be recommended to the hospitality industry to increase their brand awareness and facilitate direct feedback from their customers. Hotels and companies within the hospitality industry must have a keen understanding of how to deliver their messages via social media websites if they are to compete in todays business environment. Whether it is used intentionally or inadvertently, the organizations within the hospitality industry cannot ignore the impact of the new internet phenomenon on their businesses. Its time for hospitality companies to harness the power of social media by assessing the suitability of various channels for their ability to increase customer engagement, enhance customer satisfaction and improve retention rates. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of social media and discuss the various ways for the Tourism industry to harness the power of social media.

Two factors, bio-geneic and socio-genic, obstruct or prevent the total development of a child. Biogenic or inherent factors are transmitted through parental genes. The socio-genic factors are in the socioeconomic conditions available to an individual. These factors may have the impact of deprivation upon various dimensions of psychological and educational development of the child. Keeping these important factors in mind a constant effort has been made for imparting scholastic education to the children belonging to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes.The constitution of India places a special responsibility on the Government for the educational advancement of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. A high priority was, therefore, given to the implementation of schemes for educational advancement of these communities, during all the five year plans so far. The rigid caste system totally debarred the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes from education in the olden days. As a result they were mostly illiterate. They did not know nor did they recognize the importance of education for gaining economic and social mobility.

Money related is viewed as the existence blood of a business undertaking. In the advanced arranged economy, fund is one of the essential establishments of a wide range of financial aspects exercises .Finance statements are prepared primary for decision -making .They play a dominant role in setting the frame work and managerial conclusion and can be drawn from these statements is of immense use in decision- making through analysis and interpretation of financial statements .As said earlier finance is said to be life blood of any business Every business under taking needs finance for its smooth working .it has to raise funds from the cheapest and risky source to utilize this in most effective manner . So every company will be interested in knowing its financial performance. The study entitled “Financial performance analysis of a company ' throw light on overall financial performance of the company .

This paper is an attempt to explain the actual concept of the recently introduced common tax system which is popularly known as goods and services tax (GST) which was established to subsume various indirect taxes levied at different levels, with the idea of reducing red-tape, plugging leakages and paving the way for a transparent indirect tax regime. This article explains concepts such as what is the exact meaning of GST? What are the rations behind the introduction of GST in India economic system, its various types and rates? This article also highlights the advantages and disadvantages of introducing GST in Indian economy along with the recent changes that took place in the GST system.

Kyllinga triceps rottb. A monocot perennial herb found in various parts of India, is traditionally used in vitiated conditions pitta and vata, hyperdipsia, fever, liver disorders, verminosis, cough, splenopathy, diabetes and dermatitis.

India has endeavoured to achieve universalisation of primary education since a long time. But a major breakthrough comes when the nation has launched Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) in 2001 to Universalise Eliminatory Education (UEE) with special focus on girls’ education. Further, Right to Education (2009) has strengthened the effort to achieve the goal of UEE. In spite of that, there are still some issues regarding the girls’ education like gender gap in enrolment, separate toilets for girls, social stigma etc

In India, many women are facing problem of gender inequality now. When the pages of history are turned, many of the brave women with their courage, bravery, intellect, organizing capabilities and administrative tactics, came forward to gain freedom and independence of India. The paper described the role of women in organizations, national movement and freedom struggle up to India’s Independence.

This paper presents a dielectric radiator which is capable of radiating in Ultra Wide Band (UWB) region. This structure can be easily implemented in wireless systems which can be used for medical purposes and many other fields which are using UWB frequency range. The performances and characteristics of the miniaturized UWB radiator are proposed to study experimentally. The design parameters for achieving optimal operation of the radiator and the required frequency for UWB application will also be analyzed extensively in order to understand its operations.

Human life is a highly responsible and dignified one. The word Humanity is derived from the Latin word ‘Humanitas’ for "human nature, kindness. Humanity is the human race, which includes everyone on Earth. It’s also a word for the qualities that make us human, such as the ability to love, be kind, shows concern for others & be creative etc. Everyone has the right to live on this planet. Human becomes humane when he shows concern for others.

The word ‘urbanization’ has been taken from a Latin word called “Urbs” Urbanization means the development , growth and other related factors of a city or town. According to a report of United Nations, The Urbanization means when maximum citizens of a country living in town areas and run various economic, non-agricultural activities and enjoy commercial opportunities. Urbanization upholds bright pictures of modern city life.

Higher education is vital to all nations, given in the critical role of education in economic, cultural and social development. Education is the world derived from Latin world “educes” which means to expose the concept form the dormant or hidden state in mind or in other words education may be defined as to infer upon. Graduation or Post graduation level education level is called as higher education. The nature of higher education system in 21st century is based on inter-disciplinary, project-based, and research driven which gets connected to community to Local, State, National and Global.

The service sectors are important in the society to provide service in various sectors. Service not like products, customers can feel the service at that place. The staff those are working in this sector are well educated about the service, they have clear definition about service and products. The service sector is not like manufacturing sector, the service sector need to the society to provide service in various areas.

Local history is the study of the history of a relatively small geographic area .Typically a specific settlement, parish or county . In a number of countries a broader concept of local lore is known , which is a comprehensive study of everything pertaining to a certain locality , ethnography , geography , natural history etc. Visapur Dam , is an earthfill dam on Hanga river near Shrigonda , Ahmednagar district in the state of Maharashtra in India . Visapur Dam was built by British ruler . I am trying here to write a history of Visapur Dam as a local study .

Motivation is of enormous importance with regard to enhancing performance in any organization. Hence motivation plays an important role in library services. The Prime objective of this article is to provide the information regarding the role motivation in college library. This article also provides information regarding the role of Principal, Teaching faculty and Librarian for using the library facility at maximum level.

Since Khadi was designed to provide primarily to rural work force it required simple technology and a local resources base for both its production and consumption It was round this constructive ideology that Khadi movement was built The ideology had a practical dimension of being subsidiary occupation for India’s famished social masses and a symbolic value of being a mascot of mobilization for India’s freedom struggle. It came to symbolize liberation, not just from the exploitative colonialism, but also from the market driven techno capitalist.

Public libraries are the standing testimonies of democracies. They are the social transformers and cultural saviours. They are the storehouses of intellectual heredity of our forefathers. They are the lighthouses fostering creative leisure activities. This study was conducted with the help of structured questionnaires to analyze the information seeking behavior of different types of the users and randomly selected 50 users of Public Libraries in Thanjavure. The data was entered and analyzed using simple average and percentage methods.

Interpretation of a literary work is endless. There is no one true place where it can be halted. It cannot be arrested at the point where it comes into conflict with how a writer sees their own depiction of others or of themselves. Once a piece of writing has been put into circulation, it ceases except in the most material sense - to be the property of its author. Nor can it be controlled and limited by the views of any one individual, no matter how close to the subject they may have been, or still feel themselves to be.

The main objective of the paper is attempted to examine the socio economic status of the farmers in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh and also examine the indebtedness among the farm households in the district. A multi stage random sampling method will be employed to select the study area. A proportionate sampling method has employed to select the farm households in the state. As a result 300 farm households will be selected, out of the 300 farm households 226 belongs to commercial crops cultivated farm households and 74 are from traditional crops cultivated farm households.

To evaluate radiation protection practice and procedures among the hospitals and Diagnostic centre of Assam using X-RAY and CT Scan that could lead to hazards such as somatic and genetic damages to the patients and to the radiation worker. And to find the stop gap between the rules laid by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Govt of India and the Health care Institution

Depression is a most common complaint. Depression occurs more often in women than men. Some differences in the manner in which the depressed mood manifests has been found based on sex and age. In women depression tends to manifest as sadness, worthlessness and guilt. In men it manifests often as tiredness, irritability and anger. Anxiety disorders are real, serious medical conditions. Anxiety disorders are the most common and pervasive mental disorders among women patients.

This paper deals with the study of interacting holographic dark energy (DE) and cold dark matter (CDM) in Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS)Bianchi type-V. Thesolutions have been obtained for Einstein’s field equations. Also,the behaviors of the obtained solutions have been discussed.

There are so many religious laws of Islam is made controversial in India, one such is triple Talaq. Interestingly, it may say that it is Islam which first provides the fundamental rights of women in socioreligious life but now it is not followed what actually instructed in the holy books. Different Muslim schools of thought opine differently in case of divorce system.

Intellect is thought to be one of the parts of soul. Western as well as Muslim philosophers discussed in detail. Moral values greatly reflect the morality of intellect as well as soul. The article made an attempt to explore relation of soul with intellect its manifestation and practice in educational institutions.

The Public Libraries backbone of social development and changing tools of economically background and below literate peoples in India, It is one of the parts in resource provider of political, economic and technological changing growths in India to the peoples. In this study convey to development of public libraries users of the satisfaction levels in Chennai.

The Port of Tuticorin is important as it forms the Southernmost Port on the east coast and has the largest trade in South India. In his enumeration of ports on the east coast of India, Sosikourai (Tuticorin) is referred to an emporium at the mouth of the River Solen (Porunai) first historical reference made by Ptolemy.

“The Buddha Bhagavatappear in this world to cause sentient beings to aspire toward purity and the wisdom and insight of the buddhas. They appear in this world to manifest the wisdom and insight of the buddhas to sentient beings. They appear in this world to cause sentient beings to attain the wisdom and insight of a buddha’s enlightenment. They appear in this world in order to cause sentient beings to enter the path of the wisdom and insight of a buddha.”

A study of treatment of Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) was carried out. This study consists of detailed cases with data of 126 patients. While dealing with Recurrent URTI with Homeopathic treatment, it was found that its impact on the quality of life of patients is deeper and severe. Symptoms affect various aspects like abnormal sleep, interfere with daily activities, sports and leisure, impair work and school activities. Over all, it affects performance, concentration, perception.

Although their exists undercurrents in both countries a genuine dialogue between two countries to arrive at a modus Vivendi with the resolution of the conflict. This is done only by back channel diplomacy or contacts. The recent meeting between PM Nawaz sharif and India steel Magnate Swajjan Jindal Though Imran khan and kurshid questioned by the media have called it back channel diplomacy. Though back channel diplomacy is carried out between countries there are many things are done away from the glare of opposition, media and public.