In the month of June 2018, the report released by the, Thomson Reuters Foundation, ranked India, the most dangerous country for women in the world having topped in three indices out of six i.e. cultural traditions, sexual violence and human trafficking. Furthermore, as per the NCRB data, every year around forty thousand rape cases are get registered. This facts, has raised the doubt about the present rape law’s suitability and forced to analyze rape laws especially the amendments made in it, to understand that, are the present laws sufficient to tackle the rape epidemic.

India, in spite of being one of the fastest growing economies of the world, lags behind Human Development Index as well as economic stability. The low income group has not yet included into the main stream developmental programs and they continue to be financially excluded. In the last five years banking sector has contributed a lot to economic pace of the country. The banking system has improved its strength, efficiency and resilience. There have also been significant improvements in the payments well as settlement system, e-payments and Real Time Gross Settlement System is now much more in use.

Present study is an attempt to understand the socio-cultural life of the Bengali Muslims and the Meiteis living in two neighbouring villages of Cachar district in Assam, India. Observation as well as interview method was followed in the present study. The study reveals that although both the Bengali Muslims and the Meiteis living in close geographical proximity, they exhibit wide differences than similarities in socio-cultural characteristics which may be due to their distinct bio-cultural identity.

India is a country of people having faith in different religions. As there are various religions in India and therefore there are various religious laws. People belonging to particular religion are governed by that religious law known as personal law. The Hindus, Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs are governed by Hindu Law. People belonging to the Mohammedan religion are governed by the Muslim Law. The Parsees are governed by the personal Parsee law. The Christians are governed by the Christian law. Thus, every religion has its own personal laws relating to the property rights, marriage, divorce, adoption and maintenance etc.

This study reports the perception of information technology gadgets to support their academics based on the feedback of 838 respondents covering students and teachers of universities in Hyderabad Karnataka region.

Water is essential for life. Two third of the total covered area of the earth is covered by water. Out of the entire land mass found on the earth, 97 percent is in the ocean and seas. The remaining 3 percent is fresh water found in different sources. Human beings and most of the other animals require fresh water for their use and survival.

India launched its market oriented economic reforms in India in 1991. E-commerce is presently an indispensable ingredient of India’s trade facilitation policy. E-commerce consists of the buying, Selling, marketing and service of product or service over computer network. The information technology industry might see it as an electronic business application aimed at commercial transactions. E-commerce refers to the use of an electronic medium to carry out commercial transactions such as Internet marketing, online transactions, electronic data interchange, electronic fund transfer, mobile commerce etc. These are three areas of E-commerce i.e. customer to business, business to business and intra organizational.

The rapid development of the banking sector with strong competition has given a powerful push to traditional banking services in India. Banking sector with traditional banking services started providing innovative, value added financial services which adds value to customers satisfaction in terms of better quality of service offerings and at the same time enable the banks gain more competitive advantage over other competitors. We investigate the relative importance of the factors determining customer perception towards the selection of bank. The sample survey has been conducted in Tiruchirappalli city. Data has been analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and t-test. The present study shows that some factors highly influence the customers’ choice of banks. The present research concludes that customer perception becomes an important phenomenon in the banking industry so various measures should be put in place to ensure more customer satisfaction by providing innovative and timely availability of product and services so as to increase efficiency of banking sector.

The present article deals with the documentation of toxic plants in and around Shivamogga taluk of Karnataka during 2016-17. A total of 24 plants belonging to 22 genera and 16 families were recorded. The plant species with their families are also reported in this paper. Toxic properties of few plants are discussed in this paper.

Shares provide ownership in companies and they are bought for trading purposes, while bonds carry the fixed interest payable every year by the company. Companies raising money for the first time by the issuance of shares are known as initial public offering (IPO) and those coming out subsequently again are known as follow on public offer (FPO). All IPOs, FPOs, bond issued by the companies are known as primary market operations. The preferred modes of investment continue to be the traditional areas of gold, land and bank deposits for the masses in India. It may still take some time for capital markets becoming alternates to the traditional forms of investment in India. Mutual fund operators are specialized institutions who pool money from the public and then invest in the stock markets based on the research, past trends, company performance, so as to maximize the value to investors. There are various options available to an investor of reinvestment of the profits earned or taking back the profits at the discretion of the investor. As part of the efforts of both the mutual funds as well as the insurance companies to expand their base, ULIP was seen as a way to attract a larger number of the untapped vast potential of the country. The logic followed by the people for insurance products was that they should also give reasonable assured return besides the life cover to them.

Inflation is a rate of increase in the general-price index known as the wholesale price index (WPI) which is a weighted average-price index of a basket of six hundred and seventy-six critical items (earlier it was four hundred and thirty-five), which impacts the overall economy. It will have prices of steel, cement, food grains, etc. It is computed in Indian on a weekly basis in comparison to the corresponding week last year with reference to a base year (now 2004-2005 earlier it was 1993-1994) known as ‘headline inflation’ measured on an annual basis. Once rate of increase in price rise is more than the increase in income it begins to hurt, especially the poor who are hit the hardest. Essential items of consumption get out of reach of a majority of people. To maintain the same standards, living people have to spend more in inflationary period, very often they have to dip into their savings, Protracted periods of continuous inflation can damage the fabric of the economy and experience in the past has shown that inflation has led to the downfall of many governments in different countries. It is simply because demand is more than what is being supplied and accordingly could be demand-driven as demand-pull inflation or driven from the supply side as either as cost push inflation. However, in inflationary period both reinforce each other, difficult to distinguish which is the cause and which is the effect.

To cater the population of 1.3 bn in country, pharmaceutical companies itself segregate their respective product lines such as all major life style diseases products being manufactured and sold by MidLarge size & MNCs as these products need sophisticated technological advancement, having product image as still having patent or in licensing arrangement, is of consumer need and costlier too. On the other side of flip, Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) are still sticks to specific product line such anti-infective, anti-cold, anti-biotic, B-complex along with few herbal formulations as varieties, which need not requires any technical sophistications and cost effective or low cost–low price too. As pharmaceutical marketing is a highly specialized branch combines basic strategic marketing principles with more focused need–based approach to pharma industry (Irrespective of size and volume) , it’s a whole new way to looking at marketing strategies specific to the industry.

Nations prosperity is the outcome of good education system and the pillars of education rests on the good administration. The technological revolutions made in the past few decades has opened a new era for administration. It has provided versatility to all the stakeholders and has left no space for error. The level of transparency has tremendously increased and the idea of doing the rights have amplified. Higher education imparted by various Universities across India are also adopting modern technologies for the sake of good governance. Admission process is the foremost key and vital process through which the new entrants enter into the system. Across decades this process was being carried over by the lengthy hand written process, but of late the same have been replaced by technology. ICT (Information and communication technology) have made significant transformation in the admission process of the Universities in India. The present paper identifies and highlights the prospects and growth of higher education in India and identifies the role of ICT in admission process. It presents brief literature on the previous work done in role and usages of ICT in admission process.

The main aim of the research was to have a descriptive understanding of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016. Insolvency means a state or a position where a person’s liabilities exceed his/her net realisable assets. In simple words, when the assets are insufficient to pay off the liabilities it is termed as Insolvency. Whereas Bankruptcy is a situation or a legal proceeding where in the application is made to an authority declaring insolvency and seeking to be declared as bankrupt, which will continue until discharged.

Tripura is a habitat of several aborigines’ community. There are nineteen aborigines or tribal communities residing in this land. Their art, music, dance, custom, folklore, religious rites and rituals are more or less different to each other. Sanskritisation or Hinduization and Westernization are affecting their original culture. Globalization and even so-called various developmental program or scheme of government also changes their method of thinking, style of living and way of believing. Slowly they are losing their originality. In the name of development they are coming into mainstream and losing their original stream. Although it is come into view that the government and some educated, conscious people belonging to aborigine community, and other community’s people also trying to preserve and extend their tradition side by side adopting the demand of present era. They are also trying to show their ancient culture and make aware to the masses by wearing traditional dresses and ornaments in the various festival and programs. The government also gives financial assistance to organize such kind of festival viz. food festival, celebration of Kok borok day etc.

India is one of the biggest democraciesin the world with 29 states and a diverse population interms of language, culture, and religion. In such circumstances, it is almost impossible to expect any one political party to represent the whole country. For the first few decades after independence, the Congress party could represent the country politically because the same party was instrumental in bringing freedom for the country from the British rule. After the latter half of the1980s coalition governments became inevitable. This paper discusses the factors responsible for the formation of coalition governments especially in the state of Karnataka.

There were 562 Princely States in India before the Independence and partition of India. Out of them 24 were located in Orissa. Most of the Chiefs of these Princely States were tyrants. They led a very luxurious life by collecting heavy taxes from the subjects. Generally, Rajas did not maintain regular police stations till the end of the 19th century. Due to the absence of efficient and well organized police system, crime was on the increase. The heinous crimes like dacoits and murder were frequent. Even the Rajas were indulging in the crimes of very serious nature. But since were improved after the reorganization of police in the first half of the 20th century. A resume of such improvements in the police system is presented in the following paper.

Online Advertisement and promotion are an essential part of every business association. Over periods of time advertise has evolve as a essential communication system for both consumer and markets. The aptitude of advertiser depends upon how suspiciously prepared messages are delivering to target customer. From large multinational to small retailer, all progressively more rely on advertising and on various forms of advertising to help them market product and services in the most well-organized manner. Creativity is mandatory not only in designing an Advertising movement but also in media development. A number of Media types and Media vehicles are progressively more being used in accompaniment to each other so as to reap the utmost benefit. Internet as a medium of advertising is progressively more being used to target the Net subscribers i.e.

The present study examines the causes of temporary migration in Odisha. We have used secondary data collected from NSSO 64th round unit level data to find out the causes of temporary migration in Odisha. We find that age, marital status, caste, education,and MPCE class have played an important role in seasonal migration. We also foundthat the rural, uneducated ST and SC poor householdsmigrates a more than general category and family size also play an important role for seasonal Migration. Seasonal labor migration is a major problem in Odisha during the lean period because of lack of job opportunities, low wage rate,and poverty force. These rural people migrate nearby cities for their livelihood. Though, Odisha is full of potential natural resources still rural people migrates mainly during lean periods to meet their day-to-day expenses.

Physics is one of the important subjects in the school curriculum. Students learn various concepts in physics and apply in their day to day life activities. Concepts are the ideas based on scientific facts. Many students commit errors and form misconceptions while learning. Misconceptions are the incorrect understanding of ideas, objects or events that are constructed based on person’s experience. The purpose of the study was to identify the misconceptions committed by higher secondary students in learning Physics. A two-tier diagnostic test was used as a tool to identify their misconceptions committed by students. The tool consisted of 19 items from four selected areas of Physics. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted for the present study. The findings of the study revealed that more than 50% of the students have difficulty in learning Physics. More over male students possessed more misconception than female students in learning physics. The study recommended that the teachers could use two-tier diagnostic test in order to analyze the misconception committed by the students and the appropriate remedial teaching methods could be provided to the particular students. It would help the teacher to achieve the classroom objectives effectively.

The study analyzed the level of satisfaction of passengers of public transport in Tirunelveli district. The study proved that most of the passengers are satisfied with the seating arrangements and seating facilities of buses, the safeties of buses, and timing of buses such as arrival time, departure time and travel time. Further, the study revealed that the most of the passengers are dissatisfied with the behavior of driver and conductor in the buses, fitness of the buses, entertainment facilities in the buses and cost of fare for the buses. Based on the result, the study suggested that the government should conduct a customer relationship management program regularly for driver and conductor of the buses to develop a good relationship with passengers. The officials of the public transport corporation have to focus more concentration on maintenance the buses regularly including the entertainment facilities. The government must keep in mind when rises the cost of fare of the buses that the public transport is for the services for public and not for commercial.

The main objective of the Study is socio-economic profile and their exposure to TV advertisement of the selected respondents in the study area. The study areas covered under North Chennai region for data collection are Royapuram, Mint, MKB Nagar, Viyasarpadi, Permabur, Aynavaram, Otteri, Choolai, Washermenpet and Kasimedu. The study areas covered under Central Chennai region for data collection are Nungambakkam, Choolaimedu, Metha Nagar, Kipauk, Amnjikarai, TB chatram, Thousand light, Teynampet, Triplicane and ICE house. The study areas covered under South Chennai region for data collection are Mandaveli, Adayar, Kouurpuram, Kanagam, Saidapet, Guindy, Pazhavandhangal, Ullagaram, Madipakkam and Kandhanchavadi. Twenty samples from each area have been collected by administering questionnaires. The consumers are persuaded considerably by advertisements when the target is on quality and price. Purchase willingness and behavior is persuaded by variety of advertisements which cover product evaluation and brand recognition. The mainstream marketers use mass media for their advertising communications. The choice of media is reliant on upon the feature of the message and the envisioned target audience.

Significance of English for medical purpose in general has always been a serious matter of concern, especially when students want to learn medical terms or professionals who wish to use medical terms in English at work places such as hospitals, health care centres and clinics. As far as the psychological/psychiatric field is concerned, there is no recognized area that can be termed as psychiatric English however the sub discipline falls under medical English. It is indeed true that the language of medicine offers some tips for medical doctors, health professionals, para- medical staff or even the patients a tool of proper and effective communication. English is internationally important for general communication as well as the language of medicine. Most doctors and hospital professionals prefer to speak in the language that is common to all as well as relevant. After an in-depth review, the researcher-writer arrives at the conclusion that English being very important in the field of medical practice and research should properly be studied I order to use medical terms in corresponding departments/specialties. The present paper is concerned with the terms in English related to Psychological/psychiatric fields. It also sheds light on difficulties encountered on account of borrowings and compatible strategies for learning and retaining for longer period.

Droughts are the natural disaster caused by lack of water in the region. It can be result of less rainfall, which happens mainly due to large scale of deforestation excessive use of water resources like well and tube well etc. lead to water shortage. Drought affected district in the state of Maharashtra set annual rainfall in the range between 600 to 700 mm through SW monsoon. Once in five years deficit rainfall is reported. Akkalkot taluka is one of the drought prone taluka in the Solapur district. It had mainly rainfall less than half of the normal. Tourism is an increasingly wide spread and complex activity. It is a multidimensional industry generating various types of impacts. Akkalkot taluka has number of tourist destination such as Akkalkot, Gaudgaon, Bruhanpur, & Haidra etc. During the XII five year plan Ministry of tourism planning commission has set target by adapting pro-poor tourism approach which contributes significantly to poverty reduction. In drought prone region sever poverty is always hampering the life of the people. The present study examines the impact of tourism on development of tourist destination in such region. Present study is based on secondary and primary data and this data is analyzed with help of statistical and cartographic technique. The study reveals that Akkalkot, Gaudgaon, Bruhanpur, & Haidra etc. and adjoining tourist destinations are attracting lakhs of tourist and it has generated 60 percent employment opportunity directly and indirectly to the population of drought prone region.

Automobile companies are contributing considerable contribution to the national economy. Successful running of these companies will help for further employment opportunities and help the economy in several ways. The study has aimed to analyse the solvency position of six selected automobile companies in India for the study period of ten years from 2005-06 to 2014-15. The secondary data were collected from financial reports of the selected companies. The period of the study is ten years from 2005-2006 to 2014- 2015. The study used the tools of ratio analysis, Mean, Standard Deviation and Co-efficient of Variation. The researchers found that long term financial performance of Bajaj and MM were good in terms of Debt Equity ratio, since their debt equity ratios were good. On the other hand Tata Motors utilized more debts than equity, this position is not preferable, similar position was identified in case of TVS Motors. It was also found that all the selected companies performed well in terms of utilization of their capital to increase sales, in particular this position was good for TVS Motors. Proprietary ratio of all the selected companies was found to be good. Long term financial performance in terms of utilization of fixed assets was good in case of Bajaj Auto Ltd. followed by Mahindra and Mahindra and TVS.

Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather pattern when that change lasts for an extended period of time. The issue of climate change is topical in this period when it becomes easy to describe the world climate as inconsistent and adverse to the human life. All these are increasingly impact human communities and eco systems, in particular loss of Bio diversity, loss of soil, floods, high-tide level and tropical cyclones etc. Environmental ethics is concerned with the moral relation between human and natural world. Our moral responsibility to nature and to the future is of great significance and urgency, and it is such a responsibility that we cannot escape. Ethical perceptive of environment includes environmental sustainability, preservation of natural resources, and mitigation of climate change and importance of future generation. This paper is demonstrates anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric ethical perceptive of climate change and notion of environmental sustainability.

Cooperative life is way of life where people live together friendly or united. It is said that this kind of life was practiced ever since human beings inhabited the earth. Then the life was peaceful and the world was a happy place to live in and this life progressed among the people without jealously, competition by unfair means and internal squabbles. As the time passed, people’s eye fell on modernization and cooperative life gradually faded away.

Knowledge is recognized as valuable benefit in any organization which is highlighted by various practitioners. This study explores the idea of knowledge management system in banking industry. This research will assist the banking industry for understanding the necessity of knowledge management system. At the same time, this will be verymuch helpful to the banking industry to explore the role and importance of adopting knowledge management system. This research demonstrates the various tools in enhancing the technical skills of employees in banking sector with respect to Thanjavur. Further this research would provide various suggestions, strategies which support in creating knowledge management specific to Thanjavur district banking project. In addition to these, this research will be eye opener for banking industry gives valuable insights to the future researcher.

The town of Kanchipuram is well known as Silk City because almost of its population is dependent upon the silk industry. Skilled and semi-skilled weavers from neighbouring towns like Salem, Arani, Coimbatore and Kumbakonam are also involved in the production of silk sarees. India is the world’s second largest producer of silk, contributing roughly 18% of the total world production of silk. In India, silk production is concentrated mainly in South India. Kanchipuram is a significant producer of silk in South India. Initially, this industry was dominated by a handful of merchants who used to procure sarees from the local weavers and sell them. This system was disadvantageous to the weavers, who did not receive just compensation for their labour. In the year 1949, the first co-operative society of weavers was formed, called the Kamatchi Amman Society. This society consisted of 79 weavers, who were provided financial support and several other benefits. Over the course of time, more and more co-operative societies were formed. Today, there are about 24 co-operative societies, most of which are managed by the Tamilnadu government. Some of the reputed co-operative societies of weavers are the Kamatchi Amman Silk Society, Murugan Silk Society, Varadharaja Swamy Silk Society and others. The Kamatchi Amman Society now has about 2000 members and is one of the biggest. Totally, there are about 50000 weavers who work through various co-operative societies.

The energy efficiency and load balancing is one of the important considerable factor to extend the network performance in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), as it has constraint resources particularly battery and buffer. The routing protocols are used to enhance the network performance by extend the network lifetime, packet delivery and reduce the packet loss. Energy efficiency greatly affected by packet loss and overhead. In literature lot of routing protocols developed to address the energy efficiency. Out of these protocols, reactive energy aware routing protocol is more suitable in terms of small energy density. However these protocols reserve some nodes, which interns increase the load on that node, which leads to packet loss. Thus in this work we propose a hybrid routing protocols to select the path between communication entities. Routing path is selected based on the reactive status of node with respect to load and energy. Proposed routing protocol performance validated through simulation and compared with energy aware routing protocols in terms of packet delivery and network lifetime.

Gayatri Spivak joins abstract perusing and morals when she composes: On the off chance that he (Paul Wolfowitz) had genuine preparing in scholarly perusing or potentially the envisioning of the adversary as human, his situation on Iraq would not be so resolute (Spivak 2002: 23). The surmising here (as Dorothy J Hale notes) is that if Wolfowitz had studied English over political theory, he would have settled on morally unrivaled choices. Later scholarly ethicists have contended that it isnt just the particulars of the content, yet the perusing procedure itself that makes artistic books deserving of moral examination. Giving careful consideration to work by artistic ethicist Hale and narratologist James Phelan, this paper will look at new moral hypotheses of the novel to unload the question of regardless of whether the novel can rouse moral mores.

Blood is a most imperative organic body fluid that frequently found in the crime scene. Bloodstain play a vital role in crime scene investigation and it is a traceable element and it is a critical legal instrument as conclusive evidence in crime investigation. Investigation of various parts of bloodstains can add clear and essential data can point criminal examination the correct way and help clarify the offence. It is imperative to decide the succession of time of crime amid the responsibility of a brutal crime, which is involved with blood. Investigation of various parts of bloodstains incorporates fitting strategies from Natural sciences, especially techniques in Physical science and furthermore from Mathematics, Biology. The present paper discusses the knowledge implication in the identification of blood in the crime scene from different environment condition and reserves the chance identification of culprit with accuracy. In the wake of discovering that, it is blood by utilizing serological tests, DNA profiles which help to the identification of a person with the appropriate responses about the arrangement of occasions and instruments of production of particular gatherings of bloodstains on the crime scene, the examination is pointed towards the morphological investigation of bloodstains.

Bhils are adivasis of Central Indian origin. The Bhil tribes are divided into a number of endogamous territorial divisions, which in turn have a number of clans and lineages. Most Bhils now speak the language of the region they reside in. Originally hunters and soldiers, they are mostly agricultural workers with hunting and gathering remaining a significant subsidiary occupation. The Bhil population in Karnataka is 6,204 and are scattered in most districts of the State, more so in Uttara Kannada and Belgaum districts.

The present Study is an attempt to find out the learning difficulties in Mathematics of High school students. The Learning difficulties in Mathematics among High School Students scale, a five point scale, viz., Strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree and strongly disagree constructed and standardized by Janakiraman B and Leo Stanly S (2017) which consisted of 60 questions with 25 Positive and 35 negative items under four problem areas viz., lack of interest, teaching methodology, syllabus and fundamentals of Mathematics was used to collect the required data. The scale was administered to 300 students selected randomly from nine high schools of Kancheepurmam District. The minimum score and maximum score of the tool were 60 and 300 respectively. The findings revealed that there is significant difference in the learning difficulties in Mathematics of high school students with respect to type of school and Nature of Father’s Employment and there is no significant difference in learning difficulties in Mathematics of high school students with respect to Area of Residence.

Discarding the theories that analyse caste from an essentialist point of view and in some kind of absolutist terms, contemporary sociologists have pointed to its changing dimensions. These changes are simultaneous with the shifts in the ‘meaning and legitimacy’ of caste as a total system of stratification. Sociologists have argued that it is reflected in the change in the vocabulary as well. Some have also moved a step forward to declare the ‘obituary’ of the system. This paper will focus on two related aspects in which shifts in ‘meaning and legitimacy are evident; these are caste hierarchy and caste identity.

The Indian bike industry since its start has developed numerous folds in innovation and, in the numbers being fabricated and created. It has seen colossal development in about 50 years, in comparison to other nations where bikes are a noteworthy component of transportation. The inception of the business dates to 1955, when the initial 350 cc Bullet bicycles were commissioned by the Indian armed force. The unpleasant territories and brutal conditions with tight entry ways required strong motorcycles for the Western and Northernmost regions of India. These bicycles were produced by the Royal Enfield organization of the United Kingdom and amassed in Chennai. This study on customer satisfaction is being associated with one of the main bike organization the Royal Enfield. This venture evaluates the different factors that keep the customer satisfied. It additionally evaluates the different factors that impact a customer to purchase the bullet. The main objective of this paper is to study on the Factors Influencing Consumer Contentment towards the selection of Royal Enfield Bullet with special reference to consumers at Trichirappalli city.

The innovative learning strategies such as self-regulated learning strategies help the learners to become autonomous and attain higher achievement in the learning. The objective of the study was to find out the relationship between self-regulated learning strategies and achievement in biology among higher secondary school students. Survey method was conducted on a stratified random sample of 618 XII standard students of Kozhikode district. Result found that self-regulated learning strategies were much importance in achievement in biology among higher secondary school students.

Work-Life Balance (WLB) is a state of equilibrium achieved between employee’s primary job responsibilities and personal commitments. In the current scenario, managing time for both career and personal aspects of life is challenging for both employees and employers. The disparity in managing time often generates low productivity, dissatisfied employees,deprived performance and vice versa.The objective of this study wasto know if the women employees manage their Work-Life Balance and to find the related attributes and parameters that contribute to their work-life balance. The primary data is collected through research questionnaire and personal interview. Descriptive research was used to find out the characteristic feature of the respondents. The hypotheses were framed on the basis of the relationship between colleagues, compensation policy, job satisfaction, welfare facility and organizational climate.

The International union for the conservation of nature and natural resources has evolved the following definition of environmental education as an outcome of the conference “International working meeting on environmental education in the school curriculum” held under the auspices of UNESCO at Nevada in 1970. “Environmental education is the process of recognizing values and clarifying concepts in order to develop skills and attitudes necessary to a code of behavior about issues concerning environmental quality”.One of the landmarks in the history of environmental education is the Stockholm Conference on Human Environment, organized by UNESCO in 1972. Thereafter UNESCO launched the International Environmental Education Program (IEEP) in the year 1975. The activities under IEEP in the first phase culminated in the organization of the first intergovernmental conference on “Environmental Education” at Tbilisi (USSR) in 1977.

India is rich in terms of natural resources but its utilization for the betterment of the society has not been up to the expected levels. This is the reason why India is progressing at a slower rate in economic front and it is continuing since many years. Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) is one of those institutions which help the government in realizing its objectives. The role and importance of these organizations is growing over the years. They supplement government activities in many areas of development. The present study tries to analyse the contribution of NGOs to Social Development in Kushalnagar town. The study reveals that there is significant improvement in the employment and income status of the people due to intervention of NGOs in their locality.

The biggest tax reform i.e. Goods and Services Tax (GST) is now a part of Indian economy. It came into effect from 1st July, 2017 in India. It is a comprehensive indirect tax on manufactures, sales and consumption of goods and services; thereby subsuming almost all other indirect taxes that were in existence throughout India and also eliminating the cascading effect thereby. It was rolled out with high expectation that it would be helpful in increasing total production of the country and also the purchasing power of the buyers which would increase the GDP. In a research done by NCAER, it was suggested that GST would cause a revolution in Indian economy as it could increase the GDP by 0.9% to 1.7%. However, many states had reported a dip in revenue collection after a growth in first few months. The results of the later quarters though show a fair increase in GDP with some expectations for 7.3% and 7.5% in the F.Y 2018-19 and F.Y 2019-20 respectively. This paper is an attempt to study the impact of GST on GDP growth of India so far and also to comment on whether it can be a boon for Indian economy in future.

Women constitute about 48.5% of the total population in India. The participation of Indian women in education has always been subject to a host of factors ranging from social obligations to financial constraints. The situation is more demanding in the higher education sector, because by the time women are old enough to take up higher education, they are married and well on to play the role of a wife and mother, which leaves little time for education. Over the years, the question raised - what can be done to bring in more women to participate in the education process? This paper presentation highlights the various programmes and schemes (financial aids & scholarships) are being run exclusively for involving more and more women in to the educational process and giving them a better future that helps to arrive at a long lasting solution to the question raised above. The statistical study is based on the secondary data from department of higher education and ministry of human resource department.

Oraon, is a tribal group of people inhabited in various states across in India as well as in Bangladesh. They have a rich and vast range of folk songs, dances, tales as well as traditional musical instruments. In 1871, the British Government declared the Dooars as non-regulated area, for that purpose tea estates were introduced. Tribal people were borrowed from Chhotonagpur region where poor people namely Santals and Oraons lived without fixed and settled economy and were dependent on jungles but the new forest policy of the British Government whereby felling of trees in reserved forests were prohibited and declared punishable by law, deprived them of their traditional ways of living in the forest enclaves. It was for that reasons, thousands of laborers emigrated from Chhotonagpur to the tea gardens of Dooars. Now in Dooars they are basically tea garden labors and agricultural laborers. After entering in plantation economy their ethical values, cultures, age old traditional values have been squeezed. Present paper is concerned with a study of impact of changes of their livelihood in Dooars region, problems and probable solutions.

With increasing brand awareness amongst the Indian youth and purchasing power of the upper class in tier II and III cities, spending by Indian consumers is expected to grow four times to US$ 4.2 trillion by 2017, according to a joint study by YES Bank and a leading industry body. The Indian government has given tremendous support to the advertising and marketing industry. Advertising expenditure is likely to increase in the financial sector, driven by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) policies which could result in a more favourable business environment. Also, proposed licenses for new banks and better market sentiments render the advertising and marketing industry in India a fertile space.

Having good customer relationship management is very important for banking companies in present scenario in order to stand in the business. The research work aimed to study perception of respondents on physical services, reliability and openness under customer relationship management among new generation private banks in Pondicherry region. The researchers collected primary data from 550 customer respondents from 18 branches of six new generation private sector banks through questionnaire. The researcher applied simple percentage and mean to anlayse the collected data. The study found that the perception level was high in case of the selected CRM practices followed by the sample banks. Of which, the perception level was high for openness in services was higher than other selected services.

Ever since the advent of social networks, the world of communication has been growing by leaps and bounds. Social media revolution brought about a new wave of change, which has phenomenally changed the way we have been communicating. Today, social media has become an inseparable part of the lives of billions around the world. The pivotal role of social media in crisis communication and disaster management is of utmost significance at a time when we are witnessing these new forms of communication being used as effective communication tools to curb, control and facilitate rescue and relief operations during times of crisis. Social networks, with their mass appeal, tremendous reach and the incredible ability to disseminate information on a real time basis, have emerged as a game changer in the face of natural disasters and crisis situations. The paper is a contextual analysis and study of the recent events in the world of social media set in the context of Kerala floods 2018.

Present paper is the effort to know the origin and emergence of Muslim dynasty in south India. Paper particularly looks in to the various historical events association with the expansion of Muslim Administration in South India. Bijapur was one among them, which was ruled by Muslims. Researcher adopted historical analytical design for the analysis of the historical events with scientific approach. Paper is based on analysis of secondary sources of Literature, and study ignites future researchers for further studies.

The wide spread use of ICT impacting on global societies and on educational system. This creates new requirements for teachers to use computer based applications in educational practices and it can helps to reach the unreachable. One of the methods such as e-content approach has emerged as an effective approach in learning. Therefore in order to find out the effectiveness of e-content approach on achievement in science, the investigator has made an attempt to do this study. In this study pre-test, post-test parallel design was employed. The experimental group was exposed to e-content approach whereas the control group was taught by traditional method. The‘t’ test was calculated to find out the significance of the variable. The study revealed that the e-content approach is more effective than the traditional method in learning science at secondary level.

Residential schools are significantly increasing in present epoch. That too the Government of India started the residential schools in rural side to cater the needs of rural intelligent students. more number of rural students admitting to residential schools. The present study is to study the opinion of residential students on their school and what would they feel about day scholars’ of non residential schools. The main aim of this study is to find out the opinion of residential school students regarding the facilities provided by their school, about teachers’, about teaching, their feelings and their effects with their residential school and to find out their opinion on day – scholars. The present study is qualitative in nature. Random sampling technique was used. The sample of the study was residential school students of Belagavi District. This study was conducted on 504 students belonging to private and government residential schools. The results shown that residential schools have positive effect on students but despite having positive effects on students there remains certain areas for improvement.

India is one of the most cash intensive economies in the world. On November 8, with minimal warning, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes ceased to be legal tender to wage a war against black money. The move has been thought of as facilitating a crackdown on fake currency, corruption and unaccounted black money, money laundering and terror funding. Banks and ATMs were shut down for 2 days to clear the stock of Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes.

Today, silk is more than just a luxury fabric for the rich and famous. The qualities of silk that make it suitable for textiles and threads also make it ideal for items such as surgical sutures where the strength of the silk and its organic composition enable it to act as a strong suture thread that is non-absorbable by the human body. Furthermore, because silk does not trigger a response from the autoimmune system, it has been used to engineer ligaments and bones from people who have sustained damage to these parts of the body. The silk fibers can be used to provide a repair structure for muscles, bone, cartilage and tendons. But the modern uses of silk do not end in the medical field. Silk is also being used in the fields of photonics and optics as well as in electronic applications. While still a dominant player in the textile industry, silk is quickly making its way into other areas of our modern lives.

The aim of the present study is to compare physical, social, temperamental, educational, moral and intellectual self concept between physical education and non-physical education students. In order to conduct the study, 100 physical education students (Average age 22.89 years) were selected as sample. Subjects enrolled in B.P.Ed. and M.P.Ed. courses offered by universities and affiliated colleges in and around New Delhi were selected and termed as physical education students. To fulfill the objectives of the study 100 nonphysical education students (Average age 22.19 years) were also selected as sample. The selected nonphysical education students were enrolled in educational streams other than B.P.Ed. and M.P.Ed. To assess physical, social, temperamental, educational, moral and intellectual dimensions of self concept, Self Concept Questionnaire prepard by Raj Kumar Saraswat (2011) was used. On the basis of results, it was concluded that physical, temperamental and intellectual self concept in physical education students was significantly superior as compared to non-physical education student whereas social, educational and moral self concept of physical education and non-physical educations are at par with each other.

A extensão dos impactos decorrentes da ação antrópica desenfreada sobre o meio ambiente são objeto de preocupação na sociedade. São muitos os problemas ambientais que ocorrem devido à ação antrópica, problemas que põe em risco não somente a fauna e flora, mas também a vida do ser humano. Travassos(2001, p. 2), reafirma essa ideia: “a fragilidade dos ambientes naturais coloca em jogo a sobrevivência humana”.

The aim of the present study is to compare cognitive personality trait i.e. self concept between physical education and non-physical education students. To conduct the study, 100 physical education students (Average age 22.89 years) were selected as sample. The selected physical education students were enrolled in B. P. Ed. and M.P.Ed. courses offered by universities and affiliated colleges in and around New Delhi. 100 non-physical education students (Average age 22.19 years) were also selected as sample to serve the purpose of the study. The selected non-physical education students were enrolled in educational streams other than physical education for various degree and post graduate courses offered by colleges in and around Delhi. To assess self concept of selected subjects, questionnaire prepared by Raj Kumar Saraswat (2011) was used. This questionnaire assess total self concept on the basis of six dimensions namely physical, social, temperamental, educational, moral and intellectual self concept. It was found that cognitive personality trait i.e. self concept was significantly more developed in physical education students as compared to non-physical education students. Results are discussed in the light of theories of physical education.

This study assumes the purpose of discussing female infidelity, its transgressive expression in contemporary time, seeking to verify in what sense this phenomenon has constituted a factor of domestic violence on the part of the companions of the women surveyed. Fieldwork assumed the canons of the qualitative approaches collected in the domains of the Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus campus, under the technique of the deep interview. Among the multiple results found it became clear that women feel "trapped" in marriage without mastery over their own bodies. This fact contributes to the occurrence of betrayal to the companion, causing her to find affection and affection outside of conjugality. This reveal, finally, that the patriarchal system, male domination, is the defining element of female infidelity. This is how this research assumes fundamental importance to studies of the theme of gender, given the great wealth that the theme involves, especially in the areas of sexuality that still faces the device of taboo and moralism in contemporary time.

This article shows the manifestations and the pathological causes in a residence located in the western zone of the city of Manaus. The objective of this article is to show that it is not only the moisture content of the Amazon region, reaching very hot days in 98% relative air humidity, but the construction processes and the lack of technological control of which the separation and quality of the materials relevant to reinforced concrete are key. In the absence of the procedures involved in the construction and application of the concrete, there is no concern at essential stages of application such as the density of the concrete in the form for the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete and nor the adequate consistency to be used. Therefore, this article presents, through observation, the remarkable manifestations of the pathologies in the masonry and the reinforced concrete structure of the selected residence. The entire survey analyzed was essential for the necessary decisions to be taken for the demolition of the structures involved and for the restructuring of the residence.

This paper explores the way of possibilities of effective designing, execution, and evaluation of Preinternship programme in Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) First Year programme. The novice student teachers were expected to complete both School Exposure and School Attachment Programme during Pre-internship Programme in B.Ed. 1 st year course. Present study adopted descriptive survey method. Purposive sampling technique was employed. The total sample of the study was 29. The sample constituted from Master of Education First Year students of Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Ajmer during the academic year 2018-19 who undergone Pre-internship during their B.Ed. Programme. The instruments of the study were Questionnaire and Focused Group Discussions were used as tools to collect data. The data were analyzed both qualitatively as well as quantitatively, i.e. Frequency and Percentage and Content analysis. Findings showed that most of the prospective teacher educators did not under gone school exposure programme (58.04 per cent) and school attachment (66.42 per cent) during B.Ed. 1st year as per NCTE guidelines. The findings indicated that a suitable selection of time is one of key factors to make successful of pre-internship programme.

Considered by the World Health Organization an epidemic, verbal harassment in nursing is a serious problem and can be considered as bullyng. This violence is part of the day-to-day life of many health professionals, with serious health consequences, and still impacts the care provided. Objective: Describe with consideration about verbal harassment in nursing and its consequences. Materials and Methods: Integrative bibliographical review. Results: The results show that they are susceptible to verbal harassment, and inertia is evident, and cases are characterized by a growing phenomenon. Verbal aggression occurs both in the public network and in private hospitals because it requires direct contact with patients family and other professionals. Conclusion: Studies in general, demonstrate that violence in health work, and specifically in nursing, has become a public health problem, and that occupational violence can be detrimental to the health and career of nursing workers, requiring interventions capable of developing the prevention of such events.

Self - esteem is the feelings of self-worth, self-confidence and self-respect. It has been considered as an essential component of good mental health. It refers as a set of attitudes and beliefs that a personbrings with himself or herself when facing the world.In this research work carried out among B.Ed.student, the samples are 1109 B.Ed. students studying in Government, Government Aided and Self-financed collegesin Salem, Chennai, Vellore, Viluppuram and NammakkalDistricts. Normative survey method and Stratified random sampling technique was used.To determine the Self Esteem of B.Ed. students, the researcher used Marilyn J. Sorensen(2006) questionnaire.It consisted 26 items.The finding of this study reveals that both First and second year B.Ed. students had average level of self- esteem and also reveals that female students’ selfesteem are better than male students.

O estudo sobre a microbiota de espécies selvagens presentes em áreas urbanas fornece dados sobre a riqueza de microrganismos que podem ser considerados normais no hospedeiro e a relevância destas bactérias tanto para esses animais quanto para a sociedade. O conhecimento da microbiota que compõe as diferentes áreas de Ctenus amphora, é inexistente. Foi com o objetivo de determinar as bactérias que compõem esta aranha errante que foram coletados 20 indivíduos dos quais obteve-se amostras do exoesqueleto e do canal retal. A partir de análises morfológicas e bioquímicas constatou-se que a maioria das colônias isoladas são bastonetes gram positivos com predominância do gênero Bacillus spp. e que a frequência das bactérias na superfície externa e interna, no aracnídeo investigado, foram semelhantes.

Questioning of the authoritarianism and idealism are in the usage of historic forms that lay the core of the postmodern genre. Authoritarianism is a blind submission to authority, as opposed to people freedom of thought and action. Idealism as contrasted to realism has an apparent absolute experience. Authoritarianism and Idealism are the two driving forces behind The Circle of Reason. The idealism of Balaram dwelling around carbolic acid and phrenology, the quest for the money-free society by Alu and the dream of Mrs. Verma to create an Indian society are ended in failure and turns out to be the opposite in the novel.

Banking industry assumes a critical job in the economic development of a nation. It is the most seriously synchronized industry since it is profoundly managing others cash. For quite a long time, Indian banks have conveyed a noteworthy job in moulding the money related framework and in this way encourages for economic development. To keep up feasibility in exceedingly deregulated market banks are presently concentrating on customers. With expanding requests and developing refinement of customers, maintenance of customers has turned into the essential worry for each bank. With the end goal to guarantee client dedication, nature of interfacing with customers must be enhanced strikingly in light of the fact that the extent of item, cost and innovation separation is exceptionally restricted. It is the capacity of the bank employees that can convey speedy and gracious support of the customers. In this manner, it is important to assess gainfulness of banks as far as its employees productivity. The productivity or the development of a bank can be estimated through different estimates like stores, propels, working assets, salaries, uses, benefits, resources, number of record and branches and so forth. The productivity of employees is urgent for the general effectiveness of the banks. Subsequently, employee productivity turns into a critical factor while estimating generally speaking proficiency and productivity of banks. In this manner, the present examination thinks about the employee productivity of PNB and HDFC bank from May 2018 to September 2018.

Digital India was going at its slowest pace until in 2016 government began to give stress on accelerating digitization in every sphere of movement. Digitization comes with an expense and it isnt just to sound politically to please the people. The IT department which is the carrier of digitization is completely new in India and symbolical. Until the point when the government strengthen the Ministry of IT with huge network of HR and technology and progress would continue to move at snail pace. At tertiary level, the progress is very horrid. It is matter of chance that elite is getting the products of digitization because they are obliging IT which is a decent source of income and solidification of knowledge. We have seen the widening of knowledge hole the nation over. The literacy knowledge is pre-requisite for securing the digital knowledge which around 70% of the people are deficient. The social expense of digitization is very high because India is still not into the generation of telecom equipments and furthermore optical fibers used for spreading digitization. Where wireless IT is used the expense is as yet higher evident from the way that the government sold spectrum to the telephone operators since 2015 are twisting up the business and these are replace by Reliance Jio whose essential equipment is costing Rs. 2700 alone. People have been fleeced to use Jio free of expense for last 6-7 months and now the bill will be least Rs. 1500-2000 for the same usage. Is it digital India the nation wish to achieve? The digital India is possible just when the people of India are given their due status in terms of their education and activities and enhanced status is capable of giving great taxes which are to be used for changing the crude literacy to digital literacy. The research paper will center after exploring new bits of knowledge of online marketing, to what extent e-marketing helps in achieving these objectives and enlighten the readers that digital India is a decent soul however achievement a tough talks.

Background: The amount of studies showing different benefits of SKY yoga is growing. This study aimed to examine the effect of SKY yoga on improvement of students’ vision. Subjects and Method: Eye tests were conducted on 80 volunteer participants (N=80) before and after six months of SKY training. All the participants are ninth standard students. Data was analyzed using R software. Results: There was no correlation between pre and post tests of right eye in the control group (p>0.05). Whereas there was a correlation between pre and post-tests of left eye in the control group (p<0.05). There was no correlation between pre and post tests of right eye and left eye in experimental group (p>0.05). There is no significant difference in the result of within group test (p>0.05).The variances of control group and experimental group were not same (p<0.05). While between group results were compared, significant difference were found in right eye (p<0.05). Whereas there was no significant difference in left eye (p>0.05). Conclusions: Obtained results showed that a six months Simplified Kundalini Yoga practice and food habit suggested by Vethathiri Maharishi improves vision in school students.

The population of older adults in India is increasing very rapidly in recent decades. This has been posing serious challenge to the government as well as to society at large to meet the growing socio-economic and health needs of galloping elderly population. To formulate any policy to address the needs of aged people, therefore, necessitates sound information about their existing situation. With this understanding, the present study has investigated the morbidity status of the aged, their treatment seeking behaviour and care giving arrangement for them. The investigation reveals that the morbidity status differ considerably between women and men elderly. Aged women depend significantly more on spouses, sons and other relatives for financial help during treatment. Finally, men elderly depend more on spouses for care during sickness but aged women look for a more diverse source for such care.

Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the potential role of barley in the prevention and management of unhealthy dietary habits increasing the risk of obesity as well as noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The article outlines the motive and scope for the review, and methodology including the risk of bias, statistical analysis, screening and study criteria.

The present study is an attempt to understand the relationship between the academic performance and achievement motivation of higher secondary students of Kamrup Metro District in Assam. The sample of the study consists of 168 Class XI students selected by using stratified random sampling method; out of which 84 are boys and 84 are girls. The investigators used the Achievement Motive Test developed and standardised by VP Bhargava and an information schedule to collect the necessary data. The results of the matriculation examination are taken as the index of academic performance. Simple percentage, mean, SD, coefficient of correlation and t-test are used to treat the data statistically. The results of the study shows that there exists a significant difference between the achievement motivation of boys and girls. It is found that there exists no significant relationship between academic performance and achievement motivation of the higher secondary students.

In A.D.1885 after the formation of the All India National Congress, for twenty years the reins of the National Movement remained in the hands of the liberal leaders. These leaders were completely influenced by the English education and civilization. They also had full faith in the honesty and justice of the English Government. They did not want to uproot the English rule from India completely. On the other hand they wanted that some significant reforms be introduced in the present administrative system of India, so that the Indians could get some posts in the administration according to their ability. The liberals resorted to constitutional methods in order to achieve their goal but they failed to attain any success even after working for twenty years. On the other hand, the British Government changed its attitude towards the Congress: as a result of it a new group of leaders emerged who decided to actively oppose the policies of the English Government which went against the people of India.

Water, vital to all life, is planet earth’s most abundant component. Safe and available water for all is a vital part of the world. Improved drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene are all necessary component for human health. The main objective of this study is to assess the drinking water facility, sanitation and hygiene practices in Sambhapur village. The primary data was collected through fieldwork. A set of harmonized survey questions developed by WHO/UNICEF joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) are used for collection of data. Improved drinking water sources, water treatment practices, sanitation practices and hygiene related practices are calculated. In Sambhapur village, improved sources of drinking water facilities and improved water treatment methods are used in Sambhapur villages but the concentration of Total Dissolve Salt is higher and the water purity is less in this village. The participation of Gram Panchayat and local people is essential to improving water and sanitation management.

In recent times, the Learning industry has undergone rapid improvements owing to the changes in the organizations to match to the needs and expectations of the learners. Today’s learners have moved beyond just a passive learning experience. Learners don’t just want to learn. They want to experience learning. While we speak of how there has been a paradigm shift in learning, let’s look at the changes 2017 has brought in the world of Learning. In recent times technology has reached a new level of advancements and is taking over everywhere, including the classroom. Research shows when technology is integrated into the classroom, students can benefit a great deal. Intelligent sight and sound "permits tworoute collaboration with interactive media course material, another PC, or another client with direct reaction to the contribution, rather than one-path correspondence from TV, video, and other non-responsive media. This paper provides an overview of interactive multimedia that has made a paradigm shift in learning a rapidly growing phenomenon.

Co-operative banks in India have covered a long way since the enactment of the Agriculture Credit Co-operative societies Act in 1904. The century old Co-operative banking structure is reviewed as an important instrument of banking access to the rural masses and thus a vehicle for democratization of the Indian financial system. In India there are two sources of providing Agricultural credit such as institutional and non- institutional. In institutional source DCCBs play an important role in providing Agricultural credit. DCC Bank is a cooperative banking network established in India to serve cooperatives and rural areas. DCC Banks are playing very crucial and significant role providing crop loan which needed by the framers and upliftment of agricultural sector through crop loan. The bank helps not only to increase the productivity it also helps to expand the economy of the country.

Due to mounting of the competition in the education sector, today’s secondary and higher secondary institutions are under severe pressure situation. These institutions are responsible for educating the student by imparting necessary skills and social intelligence that required studying in colleges and universities. As a part of the process of imparting knowledge in the students and also to get social recognition for the institute authorities the teacher gives more burdens to the students. Parent wants to see their children success in their co- curricular areas. In their attempts to guide their children parent can become one of the major causes of emotional stress on students.

Man, as a part and parcel of the environment, has to acknowledge the mantle and importance of environment in order to protect it and to get protection from it, for this, he needs environmental awareness. Environmental conservation is the axis for the economic well-being and the peaceful existence of humanity on the surface of the earth. Teachers are moulders of offsprings. If they have enchanted adequate environmental awareness, there is no need to fear the existence of future because they can implant these values among youth. This study was focussed to assess the level of climate change literacy among prospective teachers of various D.Ed. institutions in Kannur District. A questionnaire was developed and administered to the stratified sample of 240 prospective teachers. Result found that the majority of the prospective teachers possess average climate change literacy.

Self esteem is anoverall subjective emotional evaluation of one’s own value and worth. The present study explores the relationship between self esteem and academicachievement among higher secondary school students. Descriptive-correlational survey method is adopted for this study. The sample of 132higher secondary school studentswere selected from the Malappuram Districts in Kerala trough stratified random sampling. Self Esteem Inventory developed by S. Karunanidhi(1990) is used to assess the self esteem and academic achievement is assessed by the marks got in public examination. Mean, SD, t-test & correlation are employed to analyze the data. Findings show that there is significant correlation between self esteem and academicachievement among higher secondary school students. It is also foundthere significant difference in the self esteem academic achievement based on gender and education level of parents among higher secondary school students.It is also found that there is no significant difference in the self esteem and academicachievement among higher secondary school students based on stream of subjects and type of family. The study recommends to take proper provisions to enhance self esteem of student as which can accelerate their academic performances.

Industrialisation in developing economies plays a vital role in promoting aggregate economic growth and development. It involves basic changes in the manufacturing sector usually accompanied by technology modernisation, commodity diversification and economies of scale. The structural change towards heavy industrial commodity manufacturing not only brings in its wake accelerated rates of growth in the industrial output as per cent of the GDP of the nations but also, account for the improved quality of life of the people. The relative decline in the importance of the traditional Light industries in favor of the non-traditional Heavy industries, more often are explained in the empirical studies through such factors as the accumulation of capital, technical progress and human capital resource base on the one hand and the expanded domestic and international market for the manufactured goods on the other. They do not provide a systematic and comprehensive theoretical explanation of the dynamics involved in the long-run economic growth and the sectoral linkages. Industrial diversification measures, the extent by which the of industrialization acquires the capacity to manufacture diversified commodity output that could cater to the sophisticated input requirement of the industrial system as it moves towards achieving industrial maturity as well as meeting the material living standards of the people. In general, industrial diversification can be defined as the process of structural spread in the commodity manufacturing activity in a competitive market economy. Diversifications of industrial activity enable the system to move towards selfsufficiency and sustain the tempo of economic growth. Many of the earlier studies were concerned with the effects of product and firm-level diversification, rather than the broader concept of the structural diversification of the manufacturing sector at various levels in the value-adding process. The study aims at coherently integrating the structural change and diversification of the Indian industries in India during 1998 - 99 to 2013 -14.To estimate the extent of industrial diversification in the Indian Non-traditional industries employing Herfindahl Index and relate the findings with Macroeconomic policies and industrial growth. The estimation of industrial diversification at a micro level assumes importance because it has a direct implication on the antitrust policies formulated by the state. The level of industrial diversification has secured a slow growth rate during the period 1998-99 to 2007-08. The periods after 2007-08, the study observed the moderate level of diversification of industrial activities. This means the economic reforms have to be accelerated with the efforts to build facilities, infrastructure, and encouragement to embark on R & D programs, support services through industrial consultancy and engineering design services, project management services.

The urban population of Delhi has been increasing rapidly since 1950 which has caused overcrowding, congestion, pollution and a number of other related problems. Therefore, the need to decongest Delhi is being felt since long. National Capital Region Planning Board (NCRPB) was constituted to achieve this objective. The present study analyses the urban development in Greater Noida which lies in National capital region (NCR). Greater Noida emerged as a census town in 2011 and is developing fast. The success of this town lies in the policy framework of NCRPB regional Plan – 2021, successful urbanization of Noida by NOIDA Authority constituted by U.P. government in 1976, creation of job opportunities and good infrastructure by GNIDA Authority, and location of Greater Noida in NCR and in the vicinity of Noida. The successful urbanization in the neighborhood of NCT of Delhi has led to emergence of twin cities of Noida and Greater Noida.

Wireless detector Networks (WDNs) are utilized in several applications in military, ecological, and health-related areas. These applications typically embody the observance of sensitive data like enemy movement on the field of battle or the placement of personnel during a building. Security is thus vital in WDNs. Be that as it may, WDNs experience the ill effects of a few limitations, together with low calculation capacity, little memory, confined vitality assets, status to physical catch, and subsequently the utilization of shaky remote correspondence channels. These constraints build security in WSNs a challenge. During this article we have a tendency to gift a survey of security problems in WDNs. 1st we have a tendency to define the constraints, security needs, and attacks with their corresponding countermeasures in WDNs. We have a tendency to then gift a holistic read of security problems. These problems are classified into 5 categories: Cryptography, key management, Secure routing, Secure information aggregation, and Intrusion detection. On the approach we have a tendency to highlight the benefits and downsides of assorted WSN security protocols and additional compare and appraise these protocols supported every of those 5 classes. We have a tendency to conjointly indicate the open analysis problems in every subarea and conclude with doable future analysis directions on security in WSNs.

Dairy sector plays a crucial role in ensuring the welfare of rural population. A substantial percentage of small and marginal husbandmen depend on dairy cattle for their livelihood. Only this noble effort of lakhs and lakhs of men and women has made India as the world leaders in milk production and marketing. The main objective of this paper is to study the milk marketing environment in Tuticorin district of Tamilnadu. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaire method is used to collect data. The major findings of the study are social factors divide rural and urban milk marketers more than institutional factors that unit them.

This paper examine the interdependence between stock market and domestic macroeconomic factors in India using monthly data provided by the Reserve Bank of India from April 1991 to April 2016. We employ VAR (1)-MGARCH (1, 1) BEKK model and conditional correlation plots to study these relationship. The first methodology help us to study three types of spillover namely mean, shock and volatility. We observed that there is spillover in mean between inflation and stock market implying that an increase in inflation reduces stock market return. The shock from real output affects every other sectors and inflation is affected by shocks from all the other sectors. We observed that there is bidirectional shock spillover between real output and money supply and between inflation and money supply. We also observed bidirectional volatility spillover between stock market and real output and between exchange rate and money supply.The Reserve Bank of India which control money supply has an important role to play as shocks from monetary sector affect industrial production and inflation.

In an environment of sweeping changes and the currently occurring demand for engineering education, one thing, that remains consistent all the while, is the demand for the top tier engineering colleges in the state. As a result of such heavy demand, the students, who eventually end up in these colleges, are with brilliant academic performances viz., a cut off above 195 out of 200. The performance of such students in the colleges varies depending on their emphasis on understanding the subject like Engineering Mathematics, Engineering Drawing, Engineering Graphics and Basic Science. But, more often than not the GPA, which is a parameter of technical knowledge, increases around the 5th and 6th semesters owing to its vital rolethat it may play in the placement season. The performance of such students depicts a different picture in the soft skills oriented tests. In one of the top tier engineering colleges, an online test has been conducted to analyse the soft skill level of the students and depending on the results of their test, a short term training programme has been offered to these students. At the end of this training programme, once again a test has been conducted and the results are studied. Thus, this paper aims to correlate the impact of the training programmewith the performance of the students and analyse the outcome. Suggestions and recommendations are offered depending upon the outcome.

The word Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Yuj’ meaning union of the body, breath and mind. Yoga is an ancient discipline designed to bring balance and health to the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of the individual. Yoga’s primary emphasis is upon gaining general well being by the way of integration often incorporating three major components: held or sequences of physical postures, breathing, exercises and meditation. Yoga is absolutely a gift to humanity from our ancestors. In yoga therapy asana are not practiced for the sake of burning extra calories, but to develop body awareness, to understand the language of body, the way it works, and suits it best. This is the state of perfect happiness where there is no suffering, pain or agony. The supreme goal of yoga is spiritual attainment, which is eternal happiness peace of bliss. However, yoga is most beneficial for the holistic health of man. There are many methods for healthy living like - Physical Method (Running, Exercise & Aerobics etc), Mental Methods (Meditation-Sahaj yoga, Vipasana etc).These methods have multidimensional benefits. In this stressful and competitive life where every individual is suffering from tension and fatigues these methods act as tools for improving physical fitness for healthy and effective life style.

The present study was aimed to find out the level of anxiety of student teachers. Survey method was conducted on a simple random sample of 900 student teachers was chosen in Theni District. Anxiety Rating Scale developed by the investigators was used for collection of data. Data was analyzed by t-test. Results found that there is significant difference in anxiety of student teachers with regard to their qualification and locality.

In the present study has conducted problem solving ability of high school students and the investigator has utilized stratified random sampling technique for selecting 819 samples from Villupuram district in Tamilnadu. He has analysed the data with help of SPSS and Descriptive analysis, Differential analysis and Post hoc statistical techniques were utilized in the present study. He found that male and female is significant difference in the problem solving ability and significant difference among the occupational status of parents (Farmer/ Govt. employee/ Private employee/ Others) in the problem solving ability of high school students.

Women entrepreneurs can be view as means of creating new social environment in which one of the make decisions and choice either individually or collectively for transformation, acquiring knowledge, power and experience. Women development activities must be given importance to eradicate poverty, increase the employment opportunity and for better of living. Entrepreneurs play a vital role of in the economic development of a country. Frank young describes entrepreneur as a Change Agent of entrepreneur. India has a population of 1028.01 million with 743 million living in the rural areas while the World Bank estimates that about 43% of India’s population live under the global poverty line calculated at $ 1.25 per day, estimates prepared by the country’s populace are poor. Women constitute around fifty percent of the total human resources in our economy development. The United Nations (UN) declared the decade 1975-1985 as the decade for women. Women entrepreneur is improves the wealth of the nation is the general and the family. Exploration of the prospects of starting a new business an enterprise. International women’s day (IWD) is celebrated on March 8th every year on all world. In 1914 International women day was held on March 8, in Germany, possibly because that day was a Sunday, and now it is always held on March 8 in all countries.

Children are the most valuable precious gift of nature and important human resource as well. They are valuable not only because young children are the most vulnerable, but also because the foundations for cognitive, social, emotional, physical and motor development and for lifelong learning ability are laid in these crucial early years. There have to be balanced linkages between education, health and nutrition for proper development of a child.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant growth regulators in two varieties of pointed gourd (FP-260 & FP-307) during 1999-2001 at Instructional farm of Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad. In this study, two group of plant growth regulators i.e. growth retardants (Cycocel & Alar @ 500, 1000 & 2000 ppm) and growth promotor (Kinetin @ 10, 20 & 30 ppm) were sprayed on plant to modulate the vegetative growth and to study its impact on yield of pointed gourd. The plant growth regulators were first sprayed at active vegetative stage (200 days after planting, DAP) in the month of February with hand sprayer, second and third spraying was done at fortnight interval of first one. There was a progressive and significant reduction in vine and internode length with the increasing concentration of retardants. However, promoter increased the vine & internode length with increasing concentration over control. Fruit yield per plant was significantly more in variety FP-260 than in variety FP307. Alar 1000 ppm produced significantly higher yield as compared to rest of the treatments.

Financial ratios highlight the importance of effective management of an organization. Shortterm maturing obligations or not that can be easily known by applying liquidity ratios. At the same time, long-term solvency position can also be measured by the application of leverage or profitability ratios. It is an established practice for buyers to expect credit from sellers. This practice is forced upon the small industrialists by the large ones. A situation has developed in which buyers do not pay for fairly long and get away with it. Problems in ancillaries may arise when an attempt is made to compare the ratio of one business with those of other organization, and these could arise as a result of different accounting basis and the aftermath result could not be relied upon. Management policies and action could lead to high profit readings; comparison of such company with another could be misleading.

India was one of the biggest democratic country in the world. After the independence Indian intellectuals moved through democratic way. Some of the political leaders gave their entire career and contribution for the rebirth of democracy to India. The first Prime Minister of our Indian pioneer who Jawaharlal Nehru proclaimed, democratic principles as adopted in the Indian culture. His thought of democracy means good life for every people with equal opportunity and individual freedom Nehru’s concept of multi-dimension democracy described here in the four approaches first one political democracy second one parliamentary democracy third one economic democracy and finally fourth one socialist democracy approaches. So in this present situation its necessary to study about Jawaharlal Nehru’s views on multi dimension of democracy with a historical perspective.

Post-behaviouralism is a reform movement in development of political science. This paper emphasizes on the new revolution of political science. Post – behaviouralism is emerged by David Easton in his presidential address at the APSA meeting in 1969. Post-behaviouralism is not an anti-behaviouralism but it is a new revolution in the study of political science. It ends the dichotomy between fact and value. This paper discusses about the context, exponents, features, twin slogans, seven core traits etc of post-behaviouralism.India can accept this new revolution for her socio-political development. Post-behaviouralism makes political science from pure science to applied science.

Cross-cultural crisis has gained momentum since the beginning of the twentieth century. Globalization has increased multi-culturalism. Many novelists have touched the theme of cultural crisis. Many novelists bring out the effect of the culture in their works. In Anita Desai’s Cry, the Peacock, Bye-Bye, Blackbird the protagonist faces problems to tackle the expectations of the society. In the works of Bharati Mukherjee, there is cross culture shock and at the end the characters search for their identity. His Wife is the story of a middleclassed Bengali girl, Dimple who is married to Amit, an engineer. After their wedding, they go to America. In America, she understands that life is not as glamorous as she has imagined it to be. Cultural shock, alienation, media violence and her husband’s long stays at office complicate her mind. It makes her neurotic and she kills her husband. So, to overcome cultural crisis one should retain one’s culture as far as possible even while living on an alien soil.

The Word Bank and the IMF are two eyes in enhancing the structure of the World’s economic and financial order.

Transport has been regarded as an indicator of progress and modes of transport as corridors of development. Wagner has rightly pointed out in 1960 that, ‘the routes along which men, materials and messengers move to bind a society together’. Dynamic movement of men and materials since the evolution of man evolved ideas and conceptions about transport. The meeting of demand and supply at the modest level was given minimum guaranty by any modes of transport was a general conception from early times. Otherwise it did not take shape. Basic forms of transport are roads and railways. Among these two, rapid movements of large number of people as well as bulk commodities were offered by railways.

The organochlorine insecticide, endosulfan is widely used in crop field as well as for garden plants to control insects. The Calotes, common habitant of garden, is unknowingly affected by such insecticides. Hematological parameters vary in response to different toxicants in different animals. Considering this the present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of endosulfan on some hematological parameters of Indian garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. Endosulfan (2.5 µl) was introduced orally to it at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. It was observed that hemoglobin declined gradually throughout the experimental period than that of control. The lymphocytes decreased suddenly at early phase of 24 hours and then increased after 48 hrs. in experimental lizards, but could not increase beyond the lymphocyte count of control throughout the experimental period. Eosinophils, red blood cells and total leucocytes decreased gradually upto 96 hours than that of control after exposure to endosulfan.

The tribal’s are mainly depends on agriculture, forests and livestock. The dwindling natural resources including forest and shrinking water and fodder supply have jeopardized their agriculture and livestock productivity. Social and economic justice, equality of status and opportunities and cultural and educational status are insured by the Constitution of India for all citizens and also provide enriched provisions for scheduled caste and tribes. Tribal’s the original inhabitants of India have contributed much to the nation’s culture, history and heritage. Under the constitutional provisions of Directive Principles, the States’ major concern for tribes has been their welfare and development. It is ironical that despite a large number of well meaning constitutional provisions aimed at protecting and safeguarding the welfare and interest of the tribal communities, the process of marginalization of the tribal’s has gone on unabated. This paper addresses the socio economic status of the scheduled tribes in Utnoor, Adilabad district Telangana (India). The majority of the household occupations are Agriculture. Cultivation is the primary occupation participated by the most heads of the sample households. Income from cultivation support majority of the sample population. More than 83 percent of the agriculture has from income around below Rs 5000-10000 level. Even daily wage labours are present in the sample population. There is a need to put more attention on educational aspects of scheduled tribes, where this only can motivate them for future life.

A study was conducted on 360 teacher trainees to investigate the influence of, gender, type of management and nature of course on emotional intelligence among teacher trainees. Emotional Intelligence Scale by Mangal and Mangal was used to assess the emotional intelligence of the subjects. Findings suggested that there is significant influence of gender, type of management and nature of course on emotional intelligence. Male teacher trainees are emotionally stable than female teacher trainees; special education teacher trainees’ possessed better scores than general education trainees and the teacher trainees hailing from private colleges are emotionally balanced than the teacher trainees from government colleges.

Anything which we receive and react is an education. It is a soul of both individual and social development. In addition the human development is impossible without the education of values. The etymological meaning of value is ‘be strong or be worth’ derived from Latin word ‘valere’. It is said that education without value is a crime; it is a spirit of society. It can differ from one society to another society depending on the philosophical ideal, cultural habits and religious beliefs of that society or community. However there are some universally accepted values: these are peace, freedom, love, sympathy, truthfulness, non-violence, social well-being, equal right, self-discipline, respect, caring other living things and environment. The purpose of giving value education is long term goodness of the individual as well as the whole world. The development of values depends on social environment. Geographical surrounding influences greatly to one’s development of values. Nowadays value based education is more necessary than information centric or knowledge based education. Because the aims of life is to realization of the world and it is possible only through quality education and for quality education value education is pre-requisite.

Food, cloths as well as shade are three necessities of human beings. Housing is essential because it gives rest from regular unrest work done. Housing provides safety from wild animals. In previous days man selected caves and trees for housing purpose. With the help of natural resources human being fulfilled their needs. Nature of the housing is changing with unlimited needs. Man’s needs also increasing very fast when man has changed the nature of the housing without caves.

The District of North Arcot in Tamilnadu is well known for its deep rooted Hindu philosophy and Hindu religious practices and festivals. The Jalakanteswara temple in the fort of Vellore, the Margabandhuswami temple at Virinchipuram, the famous Arunachaleswarar temple at Tiruvannamalai were the Hindu philosophy and culture in this part of Tamilnadu from the very ancient days of history. The Roman Catholic Missions and the Protestant Missions from European Countries, America and Australia were responsible for preaching the gospel and planting the churches in the District of North Arcot. The American Arcot Mission started Voorhees College at Vellore in 1898 by Rev. William Issac chamberlain, the first principal of the college. From 1898-1905, there was very good academic and physical growth. After that Christian Medical College was stated in 1918 by Dr. Miss.Ida Sophia Scudder from American Arcot Mission. The men’s and women’s colleges started by the churches served as a boon to the society as a whole. Students from the districts around were also benefitted by the Christian College. They were the pioneers in imparting college education in the district and they have produced a galaxy of great men of eminence.

‘Poverty’ is a major Social problem in India Indian Economics in basically depending upon agriculture and agriculture in India is popularly criticized as a ‘Gamble with Rain’. Hence, drastic changes are to be in enhanced to bring a change in the scenario of Indian Society which can remove the poverty.

The present study has been focus on the relative study on the effect of Caulerpa scalpelliformis and Halophila ovalis on the growth and Biochemical components of of Abelmoschus esculentus seedlings. Different concentrations (0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1.00%,1.50%,2.00%) of SLF and SGLF were prepared using aqueous alcohol extraction method. Seaweed extracts exhibit growth stimulating property on crop plants. An adequate amount of growth promoting hormones and micronutrients present in seaweed and seagrass makes them an excellent fertilizer. Caulerpa SLF, was found to be the most effective promoting three of the six morphological parameters to the maximum extent than the Halophila SGLF. In the biochemical point of view again the Caulerpa SLF was found to be superior over the Halophila SGLF.

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) is the tie up of companies or their assets to consolidate into one company for purpose of various strategic business reasons such as improving capabilities, to earn a competitive advantage, takeover a higher market share as well as enter global markets, to diversify product lines, reduce costs and most importantly to ensure survival in the market. The ultimate objective of M&A is to maximise shareholder’s wealth. M&A is rapidly becoming a crucial choice for expansion of the organisation and achieving business short term and long term goals. This paper empirically analyses whether the M&A announcements of the Indian Pharmaceutical and FMCG Sector had a significant impact on the shareholders wealth in the short run during the period 1998-2017 using Event Study Analysis.

In Todays situation job of e-banking is extremely important. Without e-banking no banks can work. In this we examination, how much e-banking utilized in Public and Private parts bank?(in reference to SBI and ICICI bank) Objective of the investigation is to discover the buyer fulfilment in regard of e-banking and the impression of workers for utilizing e-banking in Public and Private divisions banks. The technique for the investigation is Primary and Secondary both. Study indicated view of customer with respect to service quality and fulfilment of worker in internet banking services. And in addition this investigation dissects the working style.

In the past few decades, the use of social media has revolutionized the way entrepreneurs do business. Entrepreneurship paired with social media has become one of the factors why entrepreneurs are more encouraged to start up a new business venture. Businesses and entrepreneurs alike have taken advantage of these social media to raise and expand businesses. The most efficient and valuable weapon for entrepreneurs is the social media platforms. In today’s technology driven world, most of the small businesses use social media platform for advertising and publicity of their product. The study aims to analyze the impact of social media on consumer buying behavior with reference to fast moving consumer goods in Kanyakumari district. The study is mainly based on both primary and secondary data. The population of the study shall comprise 300 consumers from various parts of Kanyakumari district selected using stratified random sampling. Results of the study revealed that consumers using social media platforms get impacted while purchasing fast moving consumer goods.

This study was designed to analyze the factors associated with the participation Restriction of person with disabilities in all the four states viz. Uttar Pradesh (UP), Chhattisgarh (CG), Andhra Pradesh(AP) and Tamil Nadu(TN) during the period from December 2016 to August 2017. A Cross sectional study Design was incorporated in this study using the standardized Participation scale, along with socio-demographic variables were analyzed for a total of 379 persons with disabilities. Results indicated that the level of participation was graded into Two categories viz, No significant participation restrictions (NSPR) and Participation Restrictions (PR), and was cross tabulated with socio-demographic factors of each respondent. The findings from each state are compared with other states. The participation scale suggests the higher level of Participation restriction is seen in 82 (82%) in UP , 79 (79%) in CG, 56 (72.7%) in TN and less in AP 62 (60.8%). This study concludes that Participation restrictions in states are highly influenced by type of occupation, type of membership. Moderately influenced by Gender, Education and Disability classification and Less influenced by Income and Mobile phone. The variables such as Age, Marital status, Religion and Caste has no specific influence on participation restriction.

Performance management is defined as the process by which organizations design systems that facilitate monitoring and developing employees performance on a continuous basis and encourage a favorable work environment. Performance management is the organizations whole system of managing its work force for optimum performance. Performance is the process of assessing progress toward achieving predetermined goals. Performance management is building on that process, adding the relevant communication and action on the progress achieved.

Cultural heritage is the fast growing tourism sector in India. Cultural Heritage sites and places represent a huge and varied collection of human creation of different forms.Millions of tourists visit India to experience ourrich cultural diversity every year. Cultural Heritage has a positive impact on the social and economic development of a region.Dakshina Kannada is well known for number of cultural heritage sites which have social and religious significance. Tens of thousands of people visit these Cultural Heritage sites every year. These cultural heritages directly contribute to the promotion of tourism in this region. From this perspective this empirical paper focuses on the contribution of cultural heritage on the promotion of tourism in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. The main objective of this paper is to analyse how the cultural heritage directly and indirectly contribute to the promotion of tourism in this region. The study focuses on the qualitative analysis and the results of the study can be applied in the promotion of cultural heritages of the country.

Demonetization is an age paramount tough test and one of the economic cases within recent memory. Its impact is perceived by every Indian thing. The liquidity affects the economy by liquidity. Demonetizing is a dynamic action for the mass economy, with more prominent spotlight in electronic exchanges. Raising consumption of credit / charge cards, accounting an account and other online components, is another constructive outcome of demonetization, to bring these down costs as well as a part of this as part of the conversion to try too few expenses. Economic Data Innovation (IT) is the worlds preferred type of exchange exchanges quickly in conducting an account because of its similarity to the help of a cashless economy and the simplicity of the exchange at the finger, spending time, stretching and holding long lines of banks holding up. This paper exhibits an innovative advancement in patterns for increasing the money for innovation management with an account of Indian department and demonetization.

Teachers’ mathematical knowledge plays a central role in the teaching of mathematics, whereby in this study framed as ‘Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching.’ Studies have shown that teachers’ sound knowledge of MKT have immensely contributed to students’ higher achievement in mathematics(Hill.et.al 2005).The objectives of the study is to examine the current status of MKT among Primary School Mathematics Teachers of Fiji schools in terms of its components; Knowledge of Content and Students (KCS), Knowledge of Content and Teaching(KCT), Common Content Knowledge(CCK), and Specialized Content Knowledge(SCK), with respect to teachers’ teaching locations. The study engages descriptive survey with Stratified Random Sampling technique, and sample size of 360 Primary School Teachers. The research tool uses ‘a test on MKT’ to gauge the levels of teachers’ MKT with one-way Analysis of Variance. The relevance of the study is to propose to the Ministry of Education in Fiji, the significant areas of support that are needed for primary school teachers with teaching mathematics in order to bring about higher student performance. The findings of the study are discussed in detail in the paper.

In recent years, the banking industry around the world has been undergoing a rapid transformation. The deepening of information technology has facilitated better tracking and fulfillment of commitments, multiple delivery channels for online customers and faster resolution of issues. In India too, the wave of deregulation in the early 1990s has created heightened competition and greater risks for banks and financial intermediaries. Today, customers expect highest quality services from banks which, if fulfilled, could result in significantly improved customer satisfaction levels. This empirical research study mainly focuses on investigating the major factors that influence electronic banking customers satisfaction with the overall service quality of their banks. This study also helps in assessing the power of these factors in the context of online banking and would, therefore, help the bank management not only in improving the level of satisfaction but also strengthening the bond between the banks and their customers, thereby helping them to retain and/or expand their overall customer base.

Commerce education studies carefully the individual’s action which is injurious to the society as a whole and recommends the methods of its prevention. There were then certain commerce issues which are of direct interest to the society. The problem of money is protection, incidence of taxation, import-export, the development of agriculture, industries and the like affect the society as a whole. Commerce studies carefully these problems in the light of social welfare and gives its unbiased opinion.

This paper shows an inside and out audit of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) everywhere throughout the world. This can be abridged that a foundation of SEZ intends to upgrade the thriving of the nation. There are a few structures or kinds of SEZ rely upon the setting up destinations, foundation of the nation, nations legislative issues, and geological area. Six sorts of Special Economic Zone – Free Trade Zone, Export Processing Zone, Enterprise Zone, Single Factory, Free Ports, and Specialized Zone – related with their characteristics are presented here. It additionally displays the bits of knowledge of three driving countries in overseeing SEZ which incorporate; 1) the United States of America, the pioneer of SEZ, 2) Shenzhen city of China, the best model of SEZ, and 3) India, the greatest SEZ on earth. Those countries dont just put resources into their very own nations. Impediments and advantages in building up SEZ are additionally exhibited. The vast majority of those are about unique law, selective direction, a decrease of task boundaries, impose exclusion, and budgetary help. Along these lines, this article can be utilized as a rule for nations which might want to create SEZ later on.

The school education in India is struggling with the challenge of poor learning outcomes as shown in several national reports. The relation between the classrooms’ social environment and students learning outcomes is supported by a strong number of researches. This paper examines the perceptions of teachers and students about the social environment of classroom on three dimensions: relationship dimension, personal growth/goal orientation dimensions and system maintenance and change dimensions. Descriptive survey design was used for the study. Findings suggest that there is a similarity in the opinions of teachers and students in regard to the dimensions of affiliation, teacher support and task orientation which shows that peer collaboration and teacher support to students in their psychological aspect is lacking. This lack in the relationship on dimensions of affiliation, teacher support and task orientation between teacher and students presents a critical classroom problem.

The main purpose of this article is to highlight Thematic Based Instruction’s Practical applications and benefits of Thematic Based Instruction in the Teaching - Learning process. The research article also included, Improving Learner’s perceived competency, thought provoking and making pleasant learning with comfort zone. According to children’s perception, among Thematic Based Instruction .

Elocution is the establishment of talking. English, both composed and talked, has been acknowledged as the prevailing methods for correspondence for the vast majority of the world however a few mistaken assumptions have been caused by unseemly elocution (Yong, 2004).

Culture embraces all the manifestations of social habits of a community, the reactions of the individual as affected by the habits of the group in which he lives and the products of human activities as determined by those habits (Boas,1930). Each culture has its own identity with features like language, religious practices, dresses, code of ethics, norms, rituals, customs etc. as the culture itself is the way of life. To ensure one’s belongingness and membership toown culture, one must acquire some social & communication skills associated with that particular cultural group. So every individual has to learn about own cultural practices because going beyond the track may invite risk of being eliminated from the group. In case of culturally aware persons, when something apparently peculiar or random happens they have a mental frame to distinguish whether it is explained by culture or it is something unique to particular person or organization. Thus, knowledge and awareness of different culture help in formulating the mental frame by which one can handle new situations. In the present study, an analysis of the Cultural Awareness of Students of Dibrugarh University, Assam was made by using Normative Survey Method. The study was carried out on a sample of 250 students of Dibrugarh University selected purposively from 8 Departments and 8 Centres of studies. The study revealed that a very less number of students of Dibrugarh University were highly aware about the cultural diversities of North-East India. It further revealed that there exists no significant difference in Cultural Awareness of students of Dibrugarh University studying under professional programmes and liberal programmes. It was also found that there is no significant difference in Cultural Awareness of students of Dibrugarh University with reference to their gender and discipline of the study.

The social networking sites offer a wide range of features and opportunities for its members. These sites fulfil young people’s strong desire to connect with friends, maintain relationship, identity formation, belongingness, express opinions, stay in touch, and share experiences. These aspects provided by social networking sites can draw youngsters and can make them become dependent on these sites. This study tries to analyze the dependency college students express with regard to social networking sites. A survey method was adopted for this study. The study reveals that the members of social networking sites express that they are drawn into these sites and are unable to control the time they spend on these sites.

The current study is undertaken to recognize the efficiency of training and development programs adopted by Commercial Banks in Kanyakumari District. To accomplish the aforementioned objectives facts aregathered round from 100 respondents at random. It is brought into being that the most of the employees are pleased with training and development programs adopted by Commercial Banks in Kanyakumari District and the training and development programs plateful employees to increase their effectiveness in their job, 72% of respondents have rated as good quality about Overall Quality and efficiency of Training and Development programs.

This present article focuses on economic issues. Money becomes a vital part in the modern sophisticated world with the special reference of Dollar Bahu. SudhaMurty’s one of the best novels is Dollar Bahu. When the reader starts to read her novel one can realize the importance of money.DollarBahu,the novel spans around, the typical South Indian Kannada family. The mental agony of Vinuta in Dollar Bahu makes one to feel that everyone experiences the same in their own family but unfortunately the traumas are not identified; SudhaMurty’s skill interweaving the characters make the readers to come out of moneymadness and retain their permanent human relations.Dollar Bahu is a story about dreams, aspirations, culture and the simple life in the context of an American background. The author reveals how money corrupts the life of human beings and portrays how liberating life can be away from the strict norms that govern a middle-class life.

Pregnancy is a unique period for a woman.Where the mother experiences many physiological and psychological changes during and after pregnancy. To overcome these changes a in a healthier way woman’s nutritional status plays a direct role and also pregnancy outcome depends on maternal nutrition. The malnutrition during pregnancy may produce many preterm and post term complications. A vegetarian diet has its own pros and cons and Non-veg foods surely have their disadvantages but there is some important advantages too.Vegetarian and Non vegetarian diet has their own several impacts in pregnancy. This paper briefly surveys the pros and cons of both these diets and their impact in pregnancy.

Rising concern with textile waste leads to health and environmental issues in the world. Thus, the consumers and producers have been looking for the environmental friendly clothing. The research done on the “Reusing boutique waste in the form of Apparel - Shrugs” was carried out in Ambala and Ludhiana city. An interview schedule was prepared for the purpose of collection of data related to the utilization of boutique waste from 100 respondents through purposive random sampling technique. The problem studied focuses on how left over fabric from boutique considered as waste can be best managed to prevent the problems that waste causes to the environment. The study introduced the outcome of the utilization of the fabric from boutique in such a way so that it will reuse the waste fabric. The study focused mainly on identifying waste fabrics that could produce apparel and utility items. In this context, waste fabrics included pieces of cotton, silk, blends of cotton fabrics from boutiques and old cloths that are no more of use to their owners.

Motifs play an important role in designing. Each motif like the fabric itself has an origin, evaluation and variety in shape and presentation. In designing, a weaver, embroider, dyer or printer creates dreams of beauty using motifs familiar through culture, religion, environment and history on textiles. For the development of motifs traditional motifs were developed using CAD software into contemporary form and designs were created from these motifs. Motifs of selected embroidery were collected from primary and secondary sources. Majority of the respondents prefered to adopt kashida embroidery motif.

System analysis is a part of the behaviouralist movement in political science and as a reaction to traditional approach. David Easton was one of the first few major political scientist to develop a systematic framework based on the systems analysis of political phenomena. Easton discussed his system approach to his great book “The Political System “ (1953) and later he elaborated his theory another two books i.e. “A Framework for Political Analysis “(1965) and “A System Analysis of Political Life”(1965) .

Education is a powerful weapon for National Development. In the present context of 21st century India, education is not a privilege rather a fundamental right. The time has come to think about sustainable quality education for all instead of access and equity. In order to raise quality in education, one obvious task is extensive experimentation and research in different areas of Curriculum. Research may lead to the ways and means of innovations those may be applied in enhancing quality in education. The process of curriculum development plays a crucial role as it may decide that whether the curriculum will be effective in the long run. So, during this process a curriculum planner has to be conscious about the contemporary needs and demands and other various factor. With this background, the present article focuses on discussion about the process of curriculum development, recent trends in the field of researches on curriculum development and finally the plausible research gaps in the said field.

Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) are commodities that are sold quickly and almost at low cost. They also include delicacy. CPG is a simple case of low level margin and high amount of trading. It is one of the fastest flying category in the Indian economy and it is also the 4th biggest sector. The retail caliber of CPG in India is likely to expand from US$ 40 billions in 2011 to US$ 78 billion in 2018. Advancing lifestyles, improving alertness and high standards of incomes for low level families have been the defectors for the success of industry. The expanion of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) can mainly connects to the increase in the buying capability of the Indian population and its sizeable tendered age population. There has been an increase insubstantial revenue both in the urban & rural areas in India. Rural areas are expects to be the major operator for FMCG industry as rural areas saw a growth of 16 per cent against 12 per cent rise in city areas. Industries are running towards creating exact products and particularly targeted for the provincial market. Rural demand is set to rise with high standards of incomes and greater awareness of brands. In the city side also there will be an improvement of buyer’s purchasing capacity. So the FMCG industries are eyeing high level in their incomes. Also the Indian population expects a high return value for their capital. So the hit exactly deceit in setting up of changing the value of a product in that point.

Self-concept implies a person perception on view of himself. Self-concept is what the individual thinks as his actual self. Self-concept plays an important role in the development of personality of an individual. The influence of the ‘self’ on behavior operates both consciously and unconsciously and is main more noticeable where motivated and need satisfying interaction are involved, and also in situation where there is a choice. The self accepting person believes that he/she can deal with life and is confident that he/she is as worthy as other; and assumes responsibility for his/her own behaviour. So every person must possess an adequate Selfconcept. The purpose of this study is to establish the reliability and validity of the tool Self-concept Scale. The study has revealed that the reliability and validity of the tool was ensured.

The Present paper has to investigate the impacts on Indian rupee devaluation against dollar - Rupee deterioration has been the hot subject in current monetary situation. We are feeling an extreme time with rupee deterioration ordinary. Current monetary setting made restless minutes to different mechanical divisions in India. On 28 June 2018 the estimation of Indian rupee stood 69 for every USD level without precedent for history. The specialists in the field apparent the circumstance in various behavior. Some thought about it as very discouraged and undermining situations, Some other thought about it as an open door in camouflage. There are different positive and negative effects. Which are being anticipated by specialists in the fields. Rupee devaluation, most likely in will influence upper and lower segments of has made different move to conquer this circumstance. In a specific order over government needs to made different moves to over come this circumstance.

This paper attempts to determine the extent of influence of the state/culture in rendering the self problematic as the characters of E.L. Doctorow’s Welcome to Hard Times (1960), in one way or the other, are fighting for justice, fighting against the state’s imposition of itself on the self. The novel, Welcome to Hard Times, is drafted in the tradition of a parody which is the most distinctive technique used in postmodern novel. The individual and society are seen as both paired and opposite. The individual is threatened by society and the social order is undermined by the individual disorder. On the other hand they are mutually constructed too. This is where the political and the philosophical meet and often collide in Doctorow. The activist in him fights the injustice of impositions as the artist concedes the necessity of the same imaginatively. It has been the social commitment of the author that made him often select the key moments of the American culture as the gist of his fictional mill.

Higher education plays a constructive role in the socio economic upliftment of the society. This higher education fulfils its role when it is well equipped with necessary infrastructure and modern facilities. The paper discusses the tribes of Himachal Pradesh in its introductory part. Aspirations of the students in tribal colleges from higher education and the challenges involved while pursuing higher education has been discussed in the paper. Geographical, financial and academic constraints faced by the students in the tribal areas have been studied.

India’s car manufacturing industry has undergone an amazing transformation in the 7 years. The Maruti car segment remains at the forefront of this growth story. The car manufacturing in India grew at a Computed Annual Growth Rate of 11.5 % over the past five years and the growth rate in last FY2016-17 was remarkable at more than 30 per cent (Maruti Suzuki Ltd, Annual Report 2017-2018). In India, the automobile industry provides direct employment to about 5 lakh persons. It contributes 4.7 per cent to India‘s GDP and 19 per cent to India‘s indirect tax revenue. This study focuses on consumer behavior of Maruthi car in Kanyakumari district. This study mainly based on primary data. The sample size was fixed at 250.

The water movements in the unsaturated zone, together with the water holding capacity of this zone, are very important for the water demand of the vegetation, as well as for the recharge of the groundwater storage. A fair description of the flow in the unsaturated zone is crucial for predictions of the movement of pollutants into groundwater aquifers. This article presents an overview of the modelling process for water flow in the unsaturated zone, input data requirements, boundary conditions and related software packages.

Burma being a neighbor of India there was a flow of population from the later to the former in the past. The first Indian settlers went to Burma by the first century of the Christian era. Indian immigration began an economic and political consequence in Burma.

South Indian Historiography has many constraints starting from limited participation by aborigines during colonial period, and actually drained by stream of categories among many of them had used unscientific methods for their writing. This paper tries to highlight what are those categories emerged and gives critique on such groups following narrowed objectives with examples.

The history of the local self-governance in Tamil Nadu can be traced back to the stone edicts and carvings in Sri VaikundaPerumal Temple of Uthiramerur in Kancheepuram district, which bear evidence to the well established local self-governance during the period of Chola Empire. The village had a perfect electoral system and a written constitution prescribing the mode of election. It was a system of democracy in monarchy where the member of the village council were elected through a process of secret ballet called “KudaOlaiMurai”.

The papers define the concept and describes the strategy for application of best practices in an Bangalore University. It discusses importance of introducing best practices in a modern library and information centre (LIC) to enable it to improve its processes and activities, optimize resource utilization, and deliver high quality, value added services to its users.

Transmitting information on cattle production has rarely been a priority for centralised extension services in developing countries. National agricultural extension services are usually designed around the need to transmit information on annual crops, while cattle ministries and departments are dominated by vets and animal health concerns. Yet the potential for increasing cattle production through the provision of information is growing in many developing countries. This paper describes the context of that growth and looks at some of the ways in which cattle extension services and institutions differ. Future development in this field must build pragmatically on existing institutions, while attempting to respond flexibly and equitably to the needs of cattle producers.Choices can be made from a range of options for improving cattle production advice, depending on circumstances: links with agricultural extension services can be improved and crop/cattle information provision integrated at local level; links with veterinary services can be strengthened by providing production information from cattle health clinics or camps. In all cases, client-orientation needs to be stronger, with improved needs assessment and responsiveness to varied and changing farmer needs.

The Socio-economic justice, equality of status, opportunities , cultural and educational status are secure by the Constitution of India for all citizens and also provide supplemented provisions for scheduled caste and tribes. This study addressed that socio-economic condition of the Malaiyali tribal community on Jawadhu Hills in Thiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu. The majority of the respondents are engaged in cultivation for the primary source of income in seasonally and on other side most of the respondents are engaged in non-agricultural work for plain areas (seasonal migration). The study found that more than 52 per cent of household are living in the low income group (Rs. = 666,77 pa), and only 10 per of households are high income category, remaining 38 percent are middle income households.

Bhakti Movement has started from South India and spread whole north India in later centuries. Historians have different opinion for the rise of Bhakti movement. Social, political and economic conditions were important for the rise of Bhakti movement. Few historians saw it as counterpart of Protestantism and Islam, whereas other considered it alternative voice to safeguard Hinduism. This paper will discuss material base, political and social conditions for the rise of Bhakti.

In the present study, Scientific Attitude scale has been constructed and standardized of the B.Ed., Trainees. This scale consists of 50 statements. The simple random Sampling technique was used for this study. The sample consists of 100 B.Ed., Trainees are randomly selected from the Perambalur District. The Split-Half Co-efficient was used to standardize the tool and finally 45 statements were retained for the final study.

Productive entrepreneurship is generally assumed to be conductive to economic growth through exploiting new business opportunities and creating new jobs. Today, emerging countries, with their vast youth labour force and low or middle income level, are starting to direct their policies towards encouraging entrepreneurship. Moreover, international, regional and local media have also focused on entrepreneurship as a vehicle for growth. In this paper, a regression analysis has been conducted to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship on the economic growth in seven countries, representing emerging countries. Results have revealed a significant negative relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth indicating the importance of the role of other factors such as: institutional framework and investing in “new economy” sectors, in affecting this relationship. Entrepreneurship and economic development.

The school education which is considered to be the basic infrastructure of the whole education system in a country should consist of all the necessary ingredients for its successful functioning. The library is an essential part of school education without which it is not possible to have an effective learning environment. In Assam what we have noticed, is that, almost all the Govt. run schools are not having proper library facility. At the age of growing competition with the privately run schools, it becomes very essential to mitigate the problems of Govt. run schools where majority of the students enrolled are belonging to poor and middle income group of people. Considering the significance of library services in the school education we have tried to study the present scenario of library services in the Govt. schools of Assam. For this a survey based on questionnaire was done and some major findings from it have been recorded. Some suggestions for solution of different problems have also been tried to prescribe here.

There is lot of Misconception among people about steroids and food supplements like whey protein multivitamins, weight gainers, etc. they think that both are same but in actual steroids are synthetic artificial harmful supplements where as Food supplements placed in a special food category and not considered drugs active adults and athletic may include supplements to help meet nutritional needs improve nutritional deficiencies, enhance athletic performance or achieve personal fitness goals. Where as Steroids have so many side effects like High B.P., Low B.P., Heart attack, Infertility, severe acne and cysts, deeper voice, cancer, jaundice etc.

In present day tourism is one of the major sources of income. The study tries to identify the tourist places of Purulia district and analyse the types, importance and also try to find out the scope of income generation from this industry. To fulfil the objectives of this article, the primary and secondary both data have been used. The secondary data have been collected from different journals and books. Primary data have been collected by field survey. For doing this empirical observation and discussion methods have been applied. The study area is enriched with archaeological places and it also enriched with different landforms, pleasant environment and with cottage industry. Tourism industry has the potentiality to eradicate poverty.

With the advent of the Europeans, Christianity also began to spread in Tamil Country in the Colonial Period. Many Christian organizations played a key role in spreading Christianity in different regions of the Tamil Country. Each organistaion concentrated in a particular region where the missionaries dedicated their lives. In this regard, organizations like CMS, LMS, SPCK, SPG , OTM rendered services among the people of Tamil Country. The role of German missionaries was remarkable as pioneers in spreading Christianity , next to the Jesuit Missionaries. The Paper attempts to highlight the role of Rev. Bernhard Schmid, a German missionary in preaching Christianity by founding Ootacamund Tamil Mission in Nilgiris and the spread of Christianity after his exit on health ground from Nilgiris. Even though the Ootacamund Tamil Mission failed to spread Christianity among the aborigines , it succeeded in spreading Christianity among the immigrants. This paper also prove that the Ootacamnd Tamil Mission was neither orgainsed by St. Stephen’s Church nor by the CMS. It was the brain child of Rev. Bernhard Schmid, a dedicated Germany missionary who filed to convert much aborigines but converted the immigrants especially the Depressed Class people in the Nilgiris.

India’s prime focus in recent past is on eradicating poverty since independence. Planners have been trying to identify the people Below the Poverty Line (BPL) and build up a poverty index. Recent methodology used by the Government of India is criticized from different angles. A new methodology proposed by Alkire and Foster provides more information on poverty. The present study is based on the methodology of Alkire and Foster on two Gram Panchayets of Sundarban area of West Bengal, India.

Esse artigo teve por objetivo analisar os impactos daimplementação do IFES Venda Nova do Imigrante quanto ao setor de agronegócio no município. A modalidade profissionalizante se destacou a partir da implementação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional/Lei 9394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996.Nesse sentido, a educação profissional tornou-se um processo de construção social com foco na qualificação do sujeito.A metodologia empregada nesse artigo foi um estudo de campo com enfoquequantitativo. O estudo concluiuque aqualidade de ensino ofertada pelo IFES Venda Nova do Imigrante contribuiu para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, e alavancou o setor do agronegócio.

Kamataka is a standout amongst the most imperative southern conditions of India. It has picked up conspicuousness politically, socio-monetarily, logically and in numerous other ways. It is a gathering spot of numerous religious rationalities and a liquefying point accomplishing the amalgamation of the instructing of numerous religious changes. Sufism is a spiritualist religion. It is a branch of Islam. Sufi holy people are the devotees of ALLAH and the act of harmony, consideration and resistance. They declared a religion dependent on the idea of affection, the adoration with the individual being and the love with a definitive or the maker. Sufi holy people and Sufism are a current reality in Indian socio-religious overlap and it has contributed for a solid and neighborly social request. It has prompt another social set-up brimming with qualities, and control. Sufism as a religion of the joining millions turned into the rehearsing framework among the general population of India and in addition Karnataka. This investigation of Sufi Saints in Karnataka is accordingly a propelled endeavor to depict this religion of the spirit and heart. Much accentuation is laid on the ideas and exceptional parts of Sufism, alongside different rehearses found in it. I was constantly pulled in by its otherworldly essentialness and viable substance and furthermore its significant impact on the overall population. Henceforth, my little endeavor to clarify the equivalent through the biographies of a portion of the incomparable Sufi holy people in Karnataka.

The Alma Ata Declaration in 1978 gave an insight into the understanding of primary health care. It viewed health as an integral part of the socio-economic development of a country. The Declaration recommended that primary health care should include at least: education concerning prevailing health problems and methods of identifying, preventing and controlling them; promotion of food supply and proper nutrition, and adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation; maternal and child health care, including family planning; immunization against major infectious diseases; prevention and control of locally endemic diseases; appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries; promotion of mental health and provision of essential drugs.

Gross domestic production (GDP) is a very strong measure to check the economic health of a country. Higher the GDP represents the growth of an economy and vice-versa. That’s why every country tries to maximize the growth of GDP.The present study is conducted to analyze the impact of macroeconomic variables on the Indian economy. Various key indicators of Indian economy such as inflation, Government total expenditures, Imports, Government gross debt, Current account balance (CAB) and Total investment have been taken into account to find the influence of these factors on the economic growth of the country for the period from 1991-92 to 2016-17. By taking GDP as the dependent variable, multiple regression analysis has been applied and it is found thatExpenditure and Gross Debt have a negative impact on the economic growth. On the other hand,Inflation, Import, Current account balance (CAB) and Investment have a positive impact on the economic growth (GDP) of India. Also, it is noticed that Import, CAB and Investment have a positive and significant impact on GDP.

Gender equality is considered a critical element in achieving social and institutional change that leads to sustainable development with equity and growth. Inequalities between men and women manifest themselves in all areas of development. Inequalities are most obvious in: health and education, economic development, violence against women, participation in public life and policymaking and social attitudes and gender stereotyping. Health discrimination against women in India starts early and is evident in the skewed sex ratio of 933 women to 1,000 men (world average: 990:1,000). Maternal mortality in India is the second highest in the world and close to 125,000 women die due to pregnancy and pregnancy-related illnesses every year. In rural areas, 60% of girls are married before the age of 18, and 60% of married girls bear children before they are 19. Almost one-third of babies are born with low birth weight because of poverty, early marriage, malnutrition and lack of healthcare during pregnancy. In the education sector, theinequalities observed are: Around 245 million Indian women cannot read or write and they form the world’s largest number of unlettered women. Female literacy is 54.16, and there are wide disparities within states. Enrolment and retention of girls in education is poor and the average years of schooling for girls is only 1.2 years as against 3.5 years for boys. Girls miss school because they have to look after siblings. A look at the economic development sector indicates that,official data does not reflect the amount of work that women actually do to enable their families to survive, collecting fuel, fodder or water, keeping poultry, working as unpaid labour on family farms. The present study analyses the gender gaps and lists out the strategies in the Twelth Five Year Plan of Government of India for women’s empowerment. The Twelfth Plan endeavours to increase women’s employability in the formal sector as well as their asset base. It aims to improve the conditions of self employed women with a focus on women’s workforce participation particularly in secondary and tertiary sectors, reaching out to women in agriculture and manufacturing, financial inclusion, and extending land and property rights to women. One of the major impediments affecting women’s participation in the workforce is the lack of skills. The Twelfth Plan envisages a majorscaling up of skill development to promote skill development of women from traditional skills to emerging skills, which help women break the gender stereotypes and move into employment requiring higher skill sets.

The present study aimed to find out the significant relationship between family environment and academic achievement of high school students. Survey method was employed on a sample of 325 9th standard students in Orathanadu Taluk. Data was analysed by using t-test and r-value. Results found that there is significant difference in family environment of 9th standard students with respect to gender and locality and there is no significant difference in academic achievement of 9th standard students with respect to gender and locality. Finding also indicated that there is significant relationship between family environment and academic achievement of 9th standard students.

The personalities who involved in the activities of church are the beacon of light for Anbiyam (Basic Christian Communities) Movement in Kanyakumari District. Most of the other lay people who worked for Anbiyam were left unnoticed by the Church authorities. They offer not only an insight into their personal life, but also inspire the Anbiyam leaders for the growth and development of Anbiyam Movement. On the whole the Diocesan mechanism was motivated to effectively participate in the Anbiyam projects drafted by The Commission of Anbiyam based on the information, suggestions and human resources. But few personalities attained their dignity and came forward to the fullness of Anbiyam life. They paved the way for the emergence of new forms of community namely Anbiyam1. In this paper an attempt has been made to limelight the services of Fr. Mariadasan to Anbiyam Movement.

Institutional autonomy has attracted more and more attention nowadays .In recent years ,a considerable number of institutions have already been allotted the status of Institutional Autonomy and some more have begun to show great interest in making their institution acquire the status of autonomy. The objective of the study is to find out the perception of prospective teachers towards Institutional Autonomy. The survey method is adopted for conducting the study .The questionnaire contains items concerning the prospective teachers perception towards Institutional Autonomy .The results indicate that students have positive perceptions towards Institutional autonomy. They have a general desire to be involved in an institution having the status of autonomy as they may be believing in the value of effort and selfdiscipline though in the midst of freedom.

In sports and games physical fitness play’s vital role in the improvement of the player’s performance especially at the competitive level therefore, physical fitness in sports and games has become indispensable for superior performance.

A humanitarian crisis is steeped in politics and economics with far reaching implications. The refugee crisis that the European Union is facing right now has been dominating the world news as there is an interplay of proxy wars, terrorism and the eventual forced displacement of millions of people from across unstable states. The situation has reached a magnitude where the region is embroiled in a crisis that sees no immediate or straight-forward solution. In the current era of globalization and dynamic international relations, understanding the structure of EU, interactions between institutions, governments and the fourth estate is extremely vital.

These days stress has become the inevitable part of the life. According to some previous notion it used to be considered that the childhood is the only exception, but nowadays the scenario has been changed. Moreover, the students having dyscalculia are more prone to experience the stress in their formative years. To deal this issue the present study compares the stress of students of primary school students having dyscalculia in relation with their gender and the type of schools. A sample of 100 students having dyscalculia was drawn from the Dehradun district of Uttarakhand. For comparing data statistically, 2x2 ANOVA was applied through SPSS software. The investigation revealed that the female and male primary school students having dyscalculia experienced the stress differently as the obtained scores were significantly differ from each other, whereas, no significant difference was found between the government and private school students having dyscalculia. The obtained results also explain that gender and type of the school have no interaction effect in relation to the academic stress experienced by the primary school students having dyscalculia.

The majority of the Chakma population has been living in Mizoram and they have their own Autonomous District Council (CADC) and they belong to schedule tribe. The majority of the people of Chakmas are Buddhist. The total population of Chakmas in the District Council is 34,528 as per 2001 census out of which 80% of it is dependent on agriculture and the literacy rate of Chakmas is 57% as per census conducted by the Education Department of CADC in the year 2001 whereas the literacy rate in the state of Mizoram is 91.58 (2011 census).The CADC is the most backward district in the state of Mizoram and literacy rates in this district is very less compare to state average. The Chakmas are not highly educated and number of illiterate is more. So many studies have been conducted on the women’s education and health in the country but no study has been conducted on the Chakma women in Mizoram that is why the researcher has conducted this study. The main objective of the paper is to study the educational and socio-economic conditions of the Chakmas in Mizoram with special reference to women.

Indias Banking part will appreciate for the most part solid development amid coming years, driven by rising individual earnings, corporate rebuilding, money related division advancement and the development of a more customer arranged, credit-situated culture. This should lead to increasing demand for financial products, including consumer loans (especially for cars and homes), as well as for insurance and pension products. Indias monetary administrations area is normal appreciate by and large solid development amid coming years, driven by rising individual salaries, corporate rebuilding, money related segment progression and the development of a more shopper situated, credit-arranged culture.

Retail Sector is the most booming sector in the Indian economy. With a growing economy, improving income dynamics, emerging retail formats, large number of earning young population, rising awareness, and changing consumer habits, behavior and lifestyles, India is well on its way to become one of the most prospective markets. Retailing has displayed great significance in the Indian market with tremendous contribution to the Indian economy.

Politics plays a major role in evolution of society and has been the harbinger of the social-political and economic changes. It commands our way of lives, standards of living, shapes as well as manipulates the thought process and the way people think. From colonialism to modernization to post truth era, human kind is made to behave in a way which pleases the elite. The existence of masses in today’s scenario is nothing more than a vote bank, who by voting to political masters keeps providing them legitimacy to be a decision maker. Anthony Giddens expresses: “What to do? How to act? Who to be? These are focal questions for everyone living in circumstances of late modernity – and ones which, on some level or another, all of us answer, either discursively or through day to-day social behavior” (Giddens 1991: 70).

Bamboo rice is an all- natural, short-grain, a slight jasmine green tea taste. The detailed information on physical and cooking properties of bamboo seed kernel of Bambusa arundinacea Retz and Dentrocalamus strictus Ness grown in Tamil Nadu and Kerala was explored in the present study. Dentrocalamus strictus Ness variety recorded significantly greater thousand seed weight (g), grain length (mm), grain breadth (mm), thickness (mm), equivalent diameter (mm), sphericity, water uptake ratio and cooking time than Bambusa arundinacea Retz variety. Geographical location did not reveal significant influence on the physical and cooking characteristics of bamboo seed irrespective of its variety. The selected bamboo seeds were round shaped, short and slender.

The mantra that is gaining popularity among the current environmentally concerned population is ‘Green’. The main of objective of this research to find about the consumers’ green attitude called ‘Consumer Greendex’, the top scoring consumers were in the developing countries like India. Today, being green is much more about a life style choice. Growing attention on eco-friendly issues can be seen as a sign that proenvironmental concerns have emerged as a possible tactical concern for businesses. There is limited research which has examined the influence of green marketing on customers from developing economies like India.

Sustainable crop production is highly depending on the quality of environment. Water is the essential element for all living organisms including human, food production and economic development. The quality of water is affected by human activities. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies like lakes, rivers, groundwater etc. Water pollution is a major environmental concern in India as a most of the rivers are polluted. Poor quality of water adversely affects the plant growth and decreases agriculture production. Thirumanimutharu is the river in Salem district, Tamil Nadu originate in region of Ayothiyapattinam block, where non polluted water is observed. In Veerapandi block the water contaminated due to discharge of domestic sewage and industrial effluents which contain organic substances, chemicals and heavy metals. In our study we focus to analyze the significant agricultural impact particularly paddy crop due to using polluted water of Thirmanimutharu river in Veerapandi block.

Economic development is multi-dimensional process which has many parameters like higher standard of living, improved health, quality education etc. One of the important parameter is ‘Women Empowerment’. Women Empowerment will be imperatively followed with her employment and economic productivity.

The Census in 2011 depicts that the child-sex ratio in India decreases than that of the last Census in 2001. What the most alarming is that the child-sex ratio continuously going to the south direction unabatedly since the last six decades. The Government of India taking cognizance of the situation had raised a slogan “Beti Bachao Beti Porao” and to make success the campaign the Government launched in the year 2015 an investment oriented incentive scheme for girl child of India called “Sukanya Samrridhi Yojana”. It is believed that the scheme would reduce in a large extent the financial burden of the parents that they generally used to bear for their daughters and it would give the much needed financial independency to the girls. The scheme in spite of having many advantages has some lacuna. We shall study in our essay the feature of the scheme, its advantages-disadvantages and try to address those issues that might be introduced in the scheme that seems to make it more instrumental in question of the success “Beti Bachao Beti Porao” campaign.

The use of ICT in teaching and learning helps students to expand knowledge, experience and increase understanding. Using ICT in study encourages students to process information better and improve their memory. Students would be able to construct knowledge easier with the support of ICT. The present sample consists of 793 prospective teachers of physical science from colleges of Education. Data were collected using a self-constructed scale on ICT awareness. Data were analyzed using Chi-square (?2 ) test. The results revealed that the computer literacy of the prospective teachers of physical science is influencing their software awareness and ICT awareness. It was found that the newspaper reading habits of the prospective teachers of physical science is influencing their hardware awareness. There is no significant association between library usage of the prospective teachers of physical science and their general awareness, software awareness, hardware awareness, internet awareness and ICT awareness.

States are created for convenience of administration and fulfillment of aspirations of the people. The creation of Telangana as 29thState by bifurcating Andhra Pradesh into Telangana and Seemandhra, raises many questions regarding the law and procedure of creation of a new State, Various aspects relating to creation of new State have dealt with in this research paper.

Child Protection Organizations (CPOs) working at the grass root level to safe guard the children who are in need of care are the major key stakeholders require quality of service. Staff working in these organizations plays a pivotal role in fulfilling this dream to come to a reality. Selected CPOs is covered and the staff is accessed to collect the primary data through sampling method using a questionnaire as a tool. The prime focus for this paper is to observe the various programmes, target groups covered by these CPOs and to statistically measure the intervention level on right to survival. The major target groups covered are child labour and the programmes are health care services, rehabilitation programmes and right based education. significantly CPO staff had scored intervention of right to survival only to a moderate extent shows that the need for enhancing quality of service among the staff of these CPOs and which requires consented efforts by various stake holders and improving their working and service conditions.

Ecology is a term associated with biology. It is a biological ‘petri-dish’ medium in which any organism lives and grows. Social media ecology is the environment provided by the social media that is utilized by the social media users for their growth and development. The environment offered by various social media act as a medium of growth and development of the users. Any content that passes over the social media users is not just being stored in digitally it is getting registered in the minds of the users creating an ecology that makes them feel, think, act, express and experience it psychologically and behaviorally which differs or varies among the gender. This paper focuses on the usage of social media ecology among the college students of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. Quantitative methodology was undertaken to meet the needs of the study.

Leadership, a vital character in a person, is needed for the development of an individual as well as the society at large. Leadership is needed to face the upstream challenges and take the human agencies that are associated with any institution/organisation, the behaviour of a leader positively affects the trust and satisfaction of the employees and that further affects their citizenship behaviour largely within the organisation and also get extended into one’s personal space of life. The methods adopted by anybody to lead his/her institution/business operations may depends on his/her thinking faculty that is persistent in him and is named as his style. Initially the leadership is classified as Autocratic, Democratic and Lassiez Faire, further research lead to the emergence of Situational, Contingent, Charismatic, Transformational, Transactional, Team leading got emerged. This paper focus on the Transactional and Transformational style of leading. Her the author attempts to expose the dominant pattern that is in practise among the University student. The study has made use of Multi Factor Leadership Questionnaire to empirically study the subject. The assessment and the findings reveal the dominant leadership style among the identified population.

The Arthasastra has been found as a “Book of Statesmanship” by many scholarsand academicians in the area of management studies. But still, very little literature is available on Arthasastra’srelevance to contemporary practices of management. There area great scope and potential for exploring concepts Kautilya mentioned in the Arthasastra. This paper examines the Arthashastraof its perspectives on competitive strategies used by various organizations. The qualitative research method called hermeneuticshas been used for interpreting the ancient scripts.

Adjustment means settlement, so, adjustment may be referred to as the continuous process of maintaining harmony among the attributes of individual and the environmental conditions which surround him. The effective adjustment will involve both personal and social criteria and value adjustment. Gill (1990) studies 406 teachers (234 male and 172 females) and found that male physical education teachers were better adjusted and more original than female physical education teachers. Nirmaljit (1992) found that university athletes were found significantly different from the college athletes on social, emotional and total adjustment.

Last few decades have indeed been a period of rapid transformation. The world around us has progressed at a tremendous pace, and our lives, our living styles and the environment we live in, all have been subjected to drastic changes. Such changes have not only affected each and every area of our lives but one aspect that has been most adversely affected due to these changes is our mental health. Few people, if any, in this modern world escape psychological stress and strain of major proportions. We know that under enough pressure, continued over a long enough period of time, anyone can be overwhelmed and bend. All of us have "breaking point". Imagine our society with a large number of its members suffering from mental disturbances of one form or the other. It indeed would be a sad day if we have to live in such a society. Mental,health has, therefore, assumed a much greater importance world over.

Most of the urban population is currently facing serious health issues. The demand for organic food products is growing in India, especially in Tier I cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, Gurgaon and Pune. Therefore, it is very important to know the present status of organic store location. For conducting this research, a remote-sensing technique Google Earth was coupled with Geographic Information System(GIS) and Microsoft Excel to locate all the organic retail stores in one of the Tier I cities namely Chennai city. More number of organic retail stores are observed in zone XIII (Adyar) followed by zone IX ( Teynapet) and zone VIII (Anna Nagar). Hence, Satellite survey is very useful to find out the current organic retail stores before studying the consumption attitude of organic retail stores.

Modern education in human society is advancing very fast. Its value system is changing and therefore teaching becoming more and more commercialized and the teacher’s job is beaming more and more demanding professional. The teachers should become a learner forever; he should be ready to incorporate all the new methods and ideas developed each time in into his teaching style. And also the curriculum of two-year programme should be framed in such a way that the prospective teachers have to acquire their professional skills. The objectives of the study are to enquire in to the relationship between curricular activities of two year B.Ed programme and professional skills namely Techno-pedagogic skill, and communication skill. The population consists of prospective teachers in Kanyakumari District B.Ed colleges. The sample consisted of 1199 prospective teachers. The investigators adopted survey method by using selfconstructed and validated Curricular Activities Scale and the Scale of Teacher Professional Skills. The investigators used Mean, Standard Deviation, t- test and ANOVA to analyze the data. The major findings of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between curricular activities and professional skill - Techno-pedagogic Skill and Communication Skill.

The health of a country’s economy is reflected by the growth of the capital market. It helps to channelize the surplus funds from savers. In this paper, the various factors that influence the investors in KanyaKumari District while investing in capital market is investigated. The primary data used for this investigation was collected personally by using questionnaire and interviews. The data collected from 320 investors are used for this investigation. The results show that the investors expect a maximum percentage of 11-15% of returns from capital market. The results show that when the market is favourable towards gold and real estate, majority of the investors hold the securities. The investors prefer to invest in stock during unexpected gain or income. The investors mainly concentrate on the company management while investing and it is observed that there exists a strong correlation between the satisfaction level of broker agencies and the opinion about the capital market.

The main objective of this paper is to study the socio-economic profile and the perception of investors towards capital market and the factors influencing investor’s preference towards capital market. In this paper statistical techniques are used to analytically analyze the primary data. In Kanyakumari district the investor’s behaviour aspects, performance and their investment decision are highly influenced by their socioeconomic profile. In our work we have taken some important parameters such as the area where the investor resides,age, gender, education, occupation, marital status,profession, property,type of house, income tax paid,savings, purpose, year of investment, share portfolio, time horizon and annualincome of the investors for the socio-economic profile. The analysis is done using SPSS tool.

The purpose of this paper is to trace the ways and means by which Winston Smith was identified and hunted down as a dissident by Big Brother (The visual representation of the Government) in Oceania. Winston Smith was depicted as a representative of the ubiquitous middle class individual in George Orwells Book, 1984, first published in the year 194801. As an individual, Winston Smith harbored feelings of hate and dissatisfaction against Big Brother02 which he depicted in writing, thereby committing the worst crime a citizen could commit in Oceania: Thoughtcrime. The book traces Winston Smiths life as it goes down the drain – falling in forbidden love03, detection and the process of Re-Education04 leading to the ultimate05 betrayal06 to save ones own life. This paper discusses the minute, hidden in plain sight elements that worked together as a catalyst to cause the Government to become interested in Winston Smith, which ultimately led to his ultimate defeat and destruction before the government.

The paper attempts to elaborate drivers behaviour in Villupuram. It is found that the age groups are having higher level of drivers Behaviour. Descriptive research methodology is suited to explore questions regarding the Drivers. There are 11 depots in the Villupuram. In these depots, there are 1578 drivers are working at presently. The researcher has applied convenient sample method to collect the questionnaire. Further, it is identified that less than 30 years drivers are having higher level of behaviour than other age groups. Age was found to be significantly related to driver’s behaviour. And also more experiences drivers are understand the situation of the road traffic and potential danger.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate, the measure of academic stress on 12th Class students. The total sample consied of 50 students from various private Jr. College of which 25 are Males and 25 are Females. The students were selected from 12th standard in Sillod. The sample age range was in between 16 to 18 years. Randomly sampling method was used for selection of the sample. Tool are Bisht Battery of stress scales developed by Dr. (Ku.) Abha Rani Bisht was used for the study. The mean, SD and ‘t’ test was applied as a statistical technique. In finding of the study there is significant difference between boys and girls in terms of their, academic pressure and academic anxiety level. Boys have high academic frustrated than girls but girls have high academic pressure, academic conflict and academic anxiety level. But there is no significant difference between Boys and Girls on academic frustrated.

The utilization of health care services depends upon the socioeconomic status of the population, severity of disease, the availability, accessibility and affordability of health care services. The primary, secondary and tertiary health care delivery systems are being revamped and fine tuned in such a way that health care is delivered efficaciously to the people at the bottom of the economic pyramid. The present study was undertaken based on DLHS-3 and DLHS-4 surveys of Kanyakumari district for comparative purpose with secondary data. Literacy status of mothers was significantly associated with the level of services availed by them. On many crucial aspects of health care services, there has been manifold increase from DLHS-3 to DLHS-4. At the same time it is essential to focus more intensively on other areas. Thus, there is a need and scope of more focused information, education and communication efforts towards antenatal and postnatal services provided to mothers especially in rural areas in Kanyakumari district.

In this Paper, the discussion that is being contemplated would be developed: first, with a treatment of the subject-matter through the incorporation of eminent opinions on what is meant by `alienation’; and in what manner it is related to aesthetic experience of a creative artist. Then, as the argument is built up, its justifiability would be examined in the light of its relationships with the plays of Tennessee Williams. In order to make the discussion authentic, it is desirable to know what is the meaning of `alienation’ and how it is related to aesthetic sensibility of man. The striking feature of Williams’ treatment of alienation in relation to aesthetic sensibility stems on the strength of some of the sharply etched individualized characters in his plays under discussion here.

Mid-day meal programme is an innovative step in the domain of school education to provide nutritional value to school children. This research paper present the concurrent role of mid-day meal in nurturing the social value of human being in the value crisis of modern society. The philosophy of midday meal is for providing nutrition to the children but at the same time this programme is playing a dynamic role in the inculcation of virtue of true human being known as values which is the major concern of our utmost objectives of education. As day by day values of human being are deteriorating, in this context mid-day meal programme is much more concerned with value education as it develops the sense of equity, punctuality, dignity of labour, sense of health awareness, sense of patience, sense of co-operation, sense of aesthetic, sense of discipline and orderliness, sense of confidence, sense of brotherhood and social kingship.

In this paper, attempts have been made to analyse spatio-temporal variation of agricultural productivity within different blocks of Rampurhat subdivision of Birbhum district since 1993 to 2011. Spatiotemporal variation of irrigation schemes have also been studied to find out relationship between crop productivity and irrigation pattern of the study area. Results from this study unveil great disparity in crop productivity within different blocks of the subdivision. Temporal analysis regarding percentage contribution of surface water based irrigation systems to total irrigated area is showing a gradual declining trend whereas groundwater based irrigation systems is showing a gradual increasing trend. Besides positive relationships are found between groundwater based irrigation system and crop concentration and crop yield. Whereas negative relationships are identified between surface water based irrigation system and crop concentration and crop yield. From this it can be remarked that in comparison to surface water based irrigation system groundwater based irrigation system plays more effective role to determine agricultural productivity.

It is rightly said by Kent Conrad that “Access to computers and internet has become a basic need for education in our society”. Not only through computer, students can access internet through laptop, desktop, tab, smart phones very easily. Internet helps us to connect with each other and think globally. It keeps us updated by providing huge resourceful information. Especially the young generation of today is well acquainted with the use of internet. This study was conducted with the view to find out influence of internet on study habits of Undergraduate students. The sample of this study consisted of 400 Undergraduate students of Tripura. 200 hundred students who use internet among them 100 male and 100 female, 200 hundred students who do not use internet among them 100 male and 100 female. Data was collected through simple random technique and analyzed through mean, SD, and two group‘t’-test. No any significant difference was found there in study habits of Undergraduate students using (56.89) and not - using internet (57.8). Hence, it can be said that internet use has no any influence on the study habits of undergraduate students of Tripura.

People’s mind is connected with wholesome and unwholesome actions according to the Buddhist Abhidhamma.The Anger in human’s mind is easy to appear and come out that depending on their feelings. Firstly it is harmful to him and secondly it is harmful to others. Then furious mind make humans uncomfortable and problem around the society. It is hardto other and unbeneficial. As a result, the both of them get into sufferings. Finally it leads to woeful states according to Buddhism. So, the lord Buddha indicated correctly about howto eradicate the anger in human’s mind or consciousness is to radiate lovingkindness towards all beings in all directions and to develop mindfulness meditation. Only when onepractices in these methods, he or she will get peace and happiness at the present and future in next life as well. Finally, if one keeps on practicing it will attain Magga, Phala and Nibbana.

Protest literature that began with questioning and criticising the existing socio-political conditions experienced by the ordinary working class strata of the society was later on adopted by writers as a strategic medium for expressing their discontent with the social order. With the development of the Black British performance writing the element of protest took a new and different meaning, as Black British literature mostly dealt with disillusioned life of non-White British citizens, their unequal treatment and social and political oppression. Performance added new colour to the diction of such literature. This work is an endeavour to prove the inevitability of performance in protest and significance of protest in performance by thematically analysing the collection Propa Propaganda by the British performance poet Benjamin Zephaniah.

The present study is an attempt to explore the relationship between Academic Stress and Mental Health among Secondary School students of Kottayam District by using survey method. A sample of 5056 students of various schools of Kottayam District was selected for the study. The findings of the study reveal that there exists significant negative relationship between Academic Stress and Mental Health of Secondary School Students. This shows that as Academic Stress increases Mental Health of Secondary School Students decreases. The present study leads to the conclusion that there is significant difference in the relationship between Academic Stress and Mental Health of Secondary School Students.

As network will always be required for nodes to communicate, so these nodes are taking help of some type of medium that may be wired or wireless medium, depending upon the type of resources available with that network. MANET is a type of network that is infrastructure less network. It means that it does not require any specific infrastructure at the time of network establishment. As MANET is infrastructure less network so it is finding its applications in multiple areas like military, commercial, etc. But for communication, nodes need to be synchronized with each other for data transfer. This data transfer is only possible through routing protocols that may help nodes to communicate with each other either by submitting their request in advance or on demand at the time of usage only. MANET usually support three categories of communication protocols and these are reactive, proactive & hybrid. In this paper, clustering based routing protocols are discussed for establishing communication among nodes for the purpose of making this process easier and reliable. A number of such protocols exist with such nature and can be selected as well as used in some cluster formation process.

It is undeniable that Vidyasagars Bornoporichoy of childrens education in the first place of education. Historical significance of Vidyasagars Bornoporichoy from somewhere is immense. So as soon as these children emerge from these books through their various books, they have provided clear opportunities and facilities for their physical, mental, moral, social and normal development. With the change of era and time, the needs and thoughts of the children are changing. If we look at the needs of children, then we can see that there are some of the childrens needs in the Bornoporichoy, and there is no one else. However, it is undeniable that Vidyasagars Bornoporichoy of childrens letters in knowledge or language knowledge.

The present study attempts to compare the effectiveness of concept mapping strategy of teaching biology to male and female students. 201 students (124 boys and 77 girls) of class IX were taken as a sample. The sample consisted of four groups. Two groups (male & female) were taught through concept mapping strategy of teaching and two groups (male & female) were taught through traditional teaching method. Self-constructed ‘Biology Achievement Test’ was used as a tool for the study. The findings of the study revealed that (1) concept mapping strategy of teaching is effective for teaching biology; (2) as compared to traditional method concept mapping strategy of teaching is more effective for teaching biology to male students; and (3) concept mapping strategy of teaching and traditional method of teaching are equally effective for teaching biology to female students.

Today in most of developing countries more and more emphasis is laid on the need for the development of women and their activity participation in the main stream of development process. From the 5 th five year plan (1974-79) onwards and today the significant role of women entrepreneurship constantly is increasing due to various global factors. In India, the women role has been explicitly recognized with a market shift in the approach from women welfare to women development and empowerment. Kudumbasree is today one of the largest women empowering projects in the country and got worldwide attention. It has been envisaged as an approach to poverty alleviation focusing primarily on microfinance and microenterprise development.The rural women are engaged in small scale entrepreneurship programs with the help of SHGs and through these that they are economically empowered and attaining status in family and community. Kudumbasreehas made so many initiatives and programs for women entrepreneurship development in Kerala.This paper tries to identify extent of economic and social empowermentachieved by women entrepreneurs in Kerala. Data for this purpose has been collected from both secondary and primary sources. In order to ensure the large sample size, a total of 400 female entrepreneurs have been selected from group activities. The studyresult found that there is significant relation between empowerment and socio-economic variables of respondents.

In the tradition of Buddhism both Religion and Philosophy of Buddhism teach the ethical value and escape from the pain of suffering because suffering is a cause for everything in the world. The suffering is the mental pain and it is a struggle for men’s life. In Buddhism, particularly, this research work is deal with the way of therapy for mental suffering and escape from the suffering through Theravada Buddhism. The mental suffering is an element of physical damages usually sought in personal injury cases.The Mental anguish is to certain types of suffering that may include distress, anxiety, fright, depression, and grief. Mostpeople in the world today are facing with mental sufferings because of greed, hatred, and delusion. This is called as attachment on craving and lust should be solved such problems by a way of therapy that instructed by the Buddha. Because of greed, most people have defilement. Most people have these mental disorder are needed to cure them by practicing mindfulness meditation that lead to be happy and peace as well as lead to attain final state of Nibbana.In this article, that is to be explained the way of therapy and these methods are for the mental sufferings through Theravada Buddhism.

Present study describes the process of development and standardization of Academic Stress Scale (ASS) to measure the level of academic stress of higher secondary school students. The scale of this study was divided into seven dimensions including teacher related stress, exam and result related stress, peer related stress, self inflicted stress, time management stress, social and parental stress, and infrastructure related stress, with a total of 40 statements, in which 17 statements were favourable and 23 statements were unfavourable. Likert’s five point scale was used, ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. For the purpose of tryout of scale, the drafted scale was administered among 170 students of 10 higher secondary schools of Bareilly district. The reliability of developed academic stress scale was calculated to be 0.89 with the Spearman-Brown Prophecy formula. The internal consistency of the scale was to be with high coefficients of correlation. The scale has high face validity according to the educational experts.

The Indian economy today is being faced by a burgeoning need for innovation. The present scenario is not only vastly competitive, but is also portrayed by ceaseless market challenges transpiring at a brisk pace. Its development and that excessively consistent one that can clear a way to manage this test of globalized times.Intrapreneurship is by all accounts one method for catalyzing this arrangement of self reestablishment for delayed focused increases. The customary view of enterprise endeavor being the area of a couple of selective people is being supplanted by the acknowledgment that an inescapable intrapreneurial culture, focused on the client encounter and driven by pioneering esteems, is vital to supported advancement and upper hand. Some organizations, including the likes of Dell and Google, have formalized the role of the intrapreneur through official positions such as the Entrepreneur In Residence (EIR) or Chief Innovation Officer, whilst others have sought to buy-in intrapreneurs by acquiring start-ups with an entrepreneur in situ(Webb 2013). It has becomean tyrannical requirement for the organizations to help/support new businesses with the end goal to keep up and hold their imaginative workforce as the enthusiasm for doing your own thing attitude is mounting among them. This change is therefore promising associations in advancing creating inward business visionaries – ambitious innovators. Hence, in this paper, an attempt has been made to postulate a perspective that adds to the enduring challenges and deliberations/discussions in organizations pertaining to the Intrapreneurial process. The whole analysis is derived out of the existing case studies on the subject.

The electronic banking comprises of an alternative payment modes and other banking related transactions electronically. The requirement of developing electronic mediums or channels has been differentiated by the banking institutions mainly depend upon the extraordinary use of Internet. Both the customers and the banks have many numbers of monetary as well as non-monetary benefits. The banks are developed and activated their own websites. They are vulnerable to the banking system, constitutional system and to their goodwill. The customers are in mystery pertaining to their transaction safety and their personal data too. The prime objective of this paper is, not only to describe the concept of electronic banking and to represent all the problems and their solutions.

The budding teachers, that is, the teacher trainees in DIET centres and in other Teacher Training Institutes need to possess and display Social-Emotional Functioning while doing the course of study as much as the practicing teachers. The basic requirement for such a development is proper Social-Emotional Environment on the campus. Though the Researchers are well assured of such an environment in DIET centres as well as in other Teacher Training Institutes, they attempted to quantify the degree of Social-Emotional Functioning of teacher trainees in both the categories of institutions. They made use of the self-made data collecting instrument - ‘Social-Emotional Functioning Scale’ to generate the needed data. The tested null hypotheses revealed significant difference between the two types of institutions in respect of SocialEmotional Functioning of teacher trainees to the advantage of those in Non-DIET Centres.

Present india in education school dropout a universal matter. The present study is a reasons analysis of school dropout rate, which depends upon various factors here, such as financial problem,scarcity of parental education, early marriage, migration, no interest in education and physically until, and may others factors like social environment etc.. The purpose of this paper is to analysis the factors of the dropout in primary to higher secondary education using the real data of UNICEF 2016-2017.It was observed that all dropouts are girls in this area. So ,in this dropout survey shows that girls are more affected by school dropout in 11to 16 years old and more of them are scheduled caste and scheduled tribe families. As the paper are more focus on findings the reason of dropout in kashipur block of purulia, westbengal.

The main objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of team teaching in teaching of Tamil at secondary level. Experimental method was used for the study. One secondary school was selected out of 179 schools from Kanchipuram district by using random sampling technique. Among the population, 80 X standard students (Control Group 40 and Experimental Group) were selected randomly. Pre-test and Post-test (Tamil Achievement Test (TAT)) (2017) and team teaching lesson plan in Tamil was prepared by the investigator. The paired sample t-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses of Tamil Achievement Test (TAT). Finding showed that experimental group was better than control group in their effectiveness of team teaching.

Green showcasing items that are dare to be earth safe. It consolidates a wide scope of exercises, including item adjustment, changes to the generation procedure, practical bundling, and in addition altering promoting. Other comparable terms utilized are natural promoting and biological showcasing. Green, natural and eco-advertising are a piece of the new promoting methodologies which dont simply refocus, change or improve existing showcasing considering and practice, yet try to test those methodologies and give a generously alternate point of view. The idea of Green Marketing was at first begun as an idea of biological promoting in the principal workshop composed by the American Marketing Association (AMA) centered towards the earth in 1975. Planet earth is confronting a noteworthy test of an Earth-wide temperature boost.

According to locke (1969) job satisfaction has been defined as a “Pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences.” Teachers are the most important group of professional for our nation’s future. Therefore, it is disturbing to find that many of today’s teachers are dissatisfied with their job. There is evidence indicating that most teachers in most school systems are not satisfied with their jobs, moreover the pace of development increases. The present study examined the job satisfaction among upper primary school teachers in the district of Birbhum of West Bengal. Data was collected by random sampling technique from a sample of 100 upper primary school teachers of Birbhum district of West Bengal. A standardized tool for assessment of job satisfaction of upper primary school teachers of Birbhum district in West Bengal used in this study of suitable statistical technique the data were analyzed by employing of suitable statistical technique like mean, SD, standard error, t-test kurtosis, Skewness etc. the result of the study showed that in Birbhum district female teachers of upper primary school respondents were more satisfied than their male counterparts because teaching profession is very suitable for then and the urban teachers were more satisfied than the rural teachers the study also revealed that govt. school teachers were more satisfied them the private school teachers due to the flexibility, security of job, high wage and independence enjoyed by govt.

A comprehensive intervention strategy should aim to achieve the best possible overall outcome by minimizing disability and maximizing utilization of the persons existing ability and potential, preferably during the first year of life. To achieve this is a challenge which involves multiple disciplines. The members of the multidisciplinary team, the medical and the rehabilitation team with the family and child works together to promote a positive functional adaptation to impairment or disability in the context of the childs developmental progress with appropriate medical and rehabilitation services. Depending on the patients unique needs interventions are to be planned. Comprehensive intervention strategy focuses all the possible domains of development and functional skills. The planning of rehabilitation services for children is thus complicated and should be set with a long-term perspective. Successful therapy programs are individually tailored to meet the childs functional needs and should be comprehensive, coordinated, and integrated with educational and medical treatment plans, with consideration of the needs of parents and siblings. Therefore, whenever intervention guidelines are used in rehabilitation institutions, it is important to maintain a certain level of flexibility in service delivery, just in order to optimize the outcomes and customize it to the specific needs of the children. Some health conditions are chronic, and therefore, rehabilitation services may be required throughout a childs life. However, the rehabilitation field can vary accordingly. The rehabilitation therapies would be prescribed, emphasizing the evaluation and enhancement of the childs function and abilities and participation in age-appropriate life roles. Children with disabilities typically need many primary and subspecialty services, including various specialized therapies to maintain or improve their functioning. Problems that children with disabilities face include lack of adequate primary and preventive services, barriers to subspecialty care and specialized therapies, limited coordination of services, and uneven access to schools and other direct-service providers. It is essential to incorporate the family as the important role of this successful adaptation to the needs of the child, complementing and reinforcing the treatment in the management of the child at home.

The present study is conducted with primary objective to analyse a comparative study on sustainability of urban and rural SHGs and estimate the dimension fund utilise for their economic activities. The study is mainly based on primary data, collected from 500 SHG members located in different places in Tumkur district. This ensured to get the number of sample size determined with the help of statistical tool. The overall object of the present micro level study is to analyse a comparative study on performance self-help group members in urban and rural area in Tumkur District. The present study result of the data revealed that the SHGs member have been playing effective role in socio-economic development, performance, sustainability, problem solving in urban SHGs members with compared to rural area.

Exploiting social media for marketing goods and services has come to stay in India. This is understandable considering the ever-rising mobile penetration in rural India and the ever-rising mobile user numbers. This contrasts starkly with the scepticism that emerged in some quarters when the mobile phones arrived in the country. Many doubted that rural India would welcome mobile penetration. However, recent history has proved them wrong. Doomsayers were proved wrong again when marketers began to market their products and services through the social media. Going by what is seen on the ground the marketers will ignore the social media at their own peril. Surprisingly, rural India too has been more than receptive to social media marketing. This study reveals that social media helps marketers improve their bottom lines provided they play fair . Additionally, it helps them cut costs and pass on the resultant benefit to the customers. However, grey areas in the regulatory regimeand customer naiveness may play the spoilsport for the stakeholder categories. They warrant that the marketers protect themselves against any adverse consequences. Aggressive social media marketing could prove counter-productive. To rein in such marketing, the regulator should mandate the marketers to adhere to privacy and transparency standards. On their part, the customers had better be careful about what they are walking into.

In this era of globalization and competition Quality management has become the key area for the organizations to survive and sustain. Organizations face many hurdles in successful implementation of Quality management practices. Critical success factors of Quality Management practices are the vital constructs for ensuring quality objectives in the organizations.

The rise in the number of tourists in Goa has put increased pressure on the tourist infrastructure in the state. The flow of domestic tourists in Goa is increasing every year, as a result of which Goa is now considered a 365 days holiday destination. The paper presents the findings of the domestic tourist perceptions on tourist infrastructure in the state. For the purpose of the study Importance Satisfaction model was used to measure the perception of the tourists visiting Goa. The model is divided into four quadrants and the infrastructure facilities are placed in the quadrants based on the mean score. It was found that certain facilities such as rail connectivity, traffic management, A/C tourist coach facility, authorized tour operator facility need improvement when it comes to satisfying domestic tourists. Domestic tourists are satisfied with their experience in Goa in general as they are happy with some of the basic amenities and facilities such as quality of roads, water supply, availability of mass transit system, availability of luxury and budget hotels, hygiene at wayside restaurants, cleanliness and public utilities at monuments and tourist attractions. Facilities in their home states thus, were the leading factors when it came to importance and satisfaction levels of tourists.

The idea of Human Rights can be traced back to the Neanderthal man when human society came into existence. It can also be identified in the origin and development of Greek civilization and culture also. However the serious consideration of Human Rights appeared after the First World War and the Second World War when the military regimes started committing excesses against the innocent people and against the prisoners of War of the respective countries. ft may also be described that the aftermath of the two world wars compelled the people and awakened the humanitarian outlook in them that ill principle led to the formation and establishment of Human Rights in the world and so in India. But the most regretful matter is that inspite of the formation of Human Rights in our country the existential conditions of most of our women and poor children remain the same. The Government Resolutions and the constitutional amendments could hardly produce any positive change in their social and economic condition.

The farmer is emotionally connected to the land as well as his livelihood; food security and housing are attached to the land. The governments both at the Centre and the States have been forcefully acquiring his land in the name of development. The compensation paid to him is not sufficient to purchase even a small piece of that acquired land and in many cases he is forced to become a landless labourer. The land acquired by the government in many cases is handed over to the private entities which raise doubts about the true intentions of the government and misutilization of the Land Acquisition Act. There is a positive side of the picture also. The land acquisition is essential for the development in the State. The benefits of land acquisition include development of infrastructure in the area and improved standards of life. The present paper gives an insight into these aspects.

To measure grittiness of B.Ed. Teacher Trainees and to assess its influence towards their academic achievement. The objective of the present study was to measure the Grit level among the students of B.Ed. Teacher Trainees. And also to find out whether B.Ed. Teacher Trainees differ significantly in their Grit level and Academic achievement with respect to Gender, Locality, Qualification of Parents, Occupation of Parents and Parents Monthly Income. In the present study Normative Survey Method was used. By using Stratified Purposeful Sampling Technique 275 samples were collected. Investigator used Grit Scale developed by Angela L. Duckworth in 2007 for the present study. It consists of 17 items with 5 point rating scale. Mean, Standard Deviation, t – test, F – ratio were used for analyzing the collected data. Results showed that the Grit level among B.Ed. Teacher Trainees is high. Grit Level of B.Ed. Teacher Trainees with respect to Occupation of Parents was found to be significant at 0.05 level. And Academic achievement of B.Ed. Teacher Trainees with respect to Gender, Occupation of Parents and Parents Monthly Income were found to be significant at 0.05 level.

This paper intended to discuss the role of English Language in English Teaching-Learning Process of Secondary Schools. Education is the most important invention of mankind. It is more important than its invention of tools, machines, space-crafts, medicine, weapons and even language, because language too is the product of education. A language teacher plays an important role in providing an engaging teaching and learning environment. Learning is an important phase of human life. It is a basic factor in the education. Learning is a comprehensive term and includes varied activities and experiences which have an important influence on the behaviour of an individual. This paper has put emphasis on the role of English language teachers as facilitators in encouraging students for active participation in the English language teaching learning process.

This paper is an attempt to analyze the academic achievement and attitude of higher secondary students towards computer in Pondicherry region. For the present study Normative survey method is adopted to study the Dimensional Personality of Higher Secondary students. The major purpose of normative survey method is to describe the problem and to elicit recommendations for change.Data for the present study were collected from 324 studentsand in order to collect the data tools like Dimensional personality inventory (DPI) and Personal data sheet is been used.The findings of the study reveal that the Higher Secondary Boys and Girls differ significantly in their Academic Achievement and in terms of attitude towards computer it is found that the Higher Secondary Boys and Girls differ significantly in their Attitude towards Computer.

The effective use of Technology in Education has changed the face of Education and it has created more educational opportunities. This new educational technology is supporting both teaching and learning process. Teaching grammar has always remained a challenges and problems faced by a language teacher in the teaching of grammar. The use of Multimedia in teaching and learning enhances the knowledge and resources of Tamil grammar. Multimedia to be an effective tool for the promotion of learning provides for constructive source of knowledge of language. Generally, understudies create more prominent trust in their capacity to utilize Tamil since they have to interface with the Internet through perusing and composing. Utilizing mixed media gives the understudies to accumulate data through media that empowers their creative abilities, interests. Additionally it utilizing this innovation joined with the feeling of educating has been making an effective instructing strategy.

At this level of point Units/Enterprises/Firms/SBUs/ Companies, striving for competitive advantage, by using its distinctive competencies to competes in its own industry throughout value chain. To discuss the same in case of small scale pharmaceutical units/industry as whole, we consider components like scope (mission& intent), goals /objectives, resource deployment or allocation of resources. For small scale pharmaceutical units it is mandatory For small scale pharmaceutical units it is mandatory to use distinctive competence across the product-market along with sources of synergy where small scale pharmaceutical units are competing with each other.

We consider a single server Non- Markovian queueing system with ? - Poisson arrivals and a waiting server and vacations. We call the queueing system as ? - M X /G /1. When ? =1 it reduces to the usual classical M X /G /1 model with batch arrivals. We derive the mean busy period of the system.

The present study was aimed to find out the environmental awareness among secondary school students. The researcher made a detailed study on the various facets of environment and their impact on the life of mankind, plants and animals. The researcher also studied on the various factors affecting the environment such as pollution, deforestation etc. This paved the way for a better study by the researcher on the environmental awareness prevalent among secondary school students.

Socio-Economic status or background encompasses not just income but also educational attainment, financial security and subjective perception of a class. Socioeconomic background can encompass quality of life attributes as well as the opportunities and privileges afforded to people within society. Socio economic background is relevant to all realms and behavioral and social science, including research, practice, education and advocacy. Academic achievements of students’ seem to be dependent on the socio-economic background, so association between the Socio-economic background and achievement requires to be studied for the children of labourers. The present study was conducted in the district of Dehradun, the children of labourers comprising 195 sample of the age group of 16-18 years. Survey method was used to collect data and ANOVA and chi-square test was used for data analysis. The result showed classes according to Kuppuswamy scale had three categories of classes and there was only main effect noticed tehsil wise. Various classes or labourers are found various tehsils of Dehradun for which a main effect on tehsil was found. No, association between Academic Achievement and socio-economic background was found.

During the last six decades, the Indian higher education system had undergone many important changes; the most significant being its unprecedented growth and consequent transformation from an elite system to a mass system. Against a backdrop of rapid enrollment growth, declining education quality, accountability to the needs of growth and development and increasing financial pressure. At the same time, there is an evolving need of autonomy for the higher education institutions. India’s key policy document for economic development through 2017 - the 12th Five-Year Plan has recommended that the country’s higher education institutions be granted more autonomy over curriculum, staffing, and programs offered. It is heartening to know that the Union Budget for 2017-18 recognizes the phenomenal significance of autonomy in the institutions imparting higher education. The need for autonomy in higher education ascends on the grounds of academic expansion, excellence and innovation. In the same note, the Draft New Education Policy of 2016 admits the need for autonomy in higher education. But it fails to identify suitable mechanisms for guaranteeing autonomy that is needed for transforming India by maintaining excellence in higher education. Hence, the objective of this paper is to discuss the issues related to autonomy of higher educational institutions in India and conceptually analyze whether autonomy is actually practiced or not linking to the present situation of autonomy of higher educational institutions in India and its impact on the quality of education.

The present study was aimed to find out the achievement motivation and self-esteem of high school boys. 200 students in Chennai district from uni-type schools were taken into consideration for the study. Achievement Motivation Scale by Jessina Muthee & Thomas Immanuel and Self-esteem Scale by S.K. Karunanidhi were used for data collection. Data was analyzed by t-test and r-value. Results found that there is no significant difference in achievement motivation and self-esteem of high school boys with regard to nativity and parental annual income and there is significant difference in achievement motivation and selfesteem of high school boys with reference to class of study. Finding showed that there is positive significant relationship between achievement motivation and self-esteem of high school boys.

Mental health is the people’s cognitive and emotional well-being. It is the ability to enjoy life, bounce back from adversity, to achieve balance, to be flexible and adapt, to feel safe and secure and the ability of self-actualization. This research study was done to identify the mental health in relation to academic achievement of higher secondary school students in Kanchipuram district. A random sample of 150 students was chosen. Data was analyzed by t-test and chi-square. Result found that there is significant difference in mental health and academic achievement of students based on type of institution. Finding also indicated that mental health is associated with mother’s occupation and academic achievement is associated with the father’s qualification.

The present study was aimed to find out the reflective teaching of prospective teachers. Survey method was conducted on a random sample of 250 B.Ed. students in Coimbatore district. Self-made tool was used for data collection. The reliability of the tool was found to be 0.84. Data was analyzed by t-test. Results found that there is significant difference in reflective teaching of prospective teachers in respect of gender and medium of instruction. Findings also indicated that there is no significant difference in reflective teaching of prospective teachers in relation to residence, marital status, academic qualification and academic stream.

In the beginning of his public life, E.V. Ramasamy (E.V.R.)adopted the goals of Congress as his aims. He fully utilized his formative period for building up his image in the Congress and became one of the chief exponents of Gandhis constructive programme of khadi and temperance and in Tamil Nadu. He fully dedicated during that period his life for the temperance campaign and spread of khadi and the removal of untouchability. He made public speeches in colloquial Tamil and succeeded in arousing awareness of ignorant people. He was well backed by Rajaji , the lieutenant of Gandhi. Rajajiis support and his individual influence among the non-Brahmin leaders and his active role in the Non-Cooperation Movement helped E .V. Rs position to rise quickly in the hierarchy of Tamil Nadu Congress . In 1920 itself he became the President of the Tamil Nadu Congress. Realising his sincerity and tremendous work in spreading Congress ideals, T.V. Kalyanasundaranar, a prominent Congress leader astonished and praised E. V. R. much. The Congress organization was much pleased to utilize the services of E.V.R, as a self- less social worker and crusader for socio-economic change among the downtrodden.

The present investigation attempts to find out the availability and utilization of chemistry laboratory resources in higher secondary schools. Survey method was conducted on a simple random sample of 30 PG teachers and 300 higher secondary school students in Tiruvannamalai and Krishnagiri districts, Tamil Nadu. Data was analyzed by percentage. Results indicated that more than 70% of the schools have adequate chemistry laboratory resources. In terms of the utilization, 36.6% of the apparatus and materials and 42.5% of the salts are rarely utilized by students. In general, the rarely utilized responses were highly recorded than the always and occasionally used responses in terms of apparatus, equipments, salts, reagents, materials, acids, bases and resources.

Kofi Anna and Jaun Antonio Samaranch, Secretary General and former President of United „Nations and International Olympic Committee respectively gave a joint statement on 23rd June, 2000, on the occasion of Olympic day Observance that "The Goal of Olympic Movement is to place sport at the service of humanity, by harnessing its great potential to the global struggle for peace, prosperity and the preservation of human dignity. The objectives of the United Nations are very much the same: it strives for the peaceful settlement of disputes, social progress and better standards of life, and harmonious relations among people and nations. Indeed, the United National General Assembly has repeatedly recognized the natural affinity between Olympic Ideals and those enshrined in the United Nations Charter and, in that spirit, has urged all member States to abide by the Olympic Truce".

The Special Economic Zones Act 2005 was passed by Parliament in May 2005, which received Presidential assent on the 23rd June 2005. SEZs in India functioned from 1st November 2000 to 9th February 2006 under the provisions of Foreign Trade Policy. The EXIM Policy Statement of 2004-2009 had stated that SEZs could be established under private sector, joint sector or public sector at the initiative of state governments to provide an internationally competitive and hassle free climate for export promotion. The main objectives of the SEZ Act are – (a) Generation of additional economic activity (b) Promotion of exports of goods and services (c) Promotion of investment from domestic and foreign source (d) creation of employment opportunities (e) Development of infrastructure facilities.

In the current study is an attempt to construct and standardize a tool for analyzing for Organizational Climate of the School Teachers. A pilot study was conducted among 50 School Teachers in Perambalur District. The reliability score was found to be 0.86 and validity was established getting opinions of the Guide and experts in the field of education. This scale of Organizational Climate is consists of 45 items. The sampling technique is simple random sampling were used for the study. The Cronbachs Alpha Reliability Coefficient was used to standardize the tool and finally all items are selected for main study.

Chidambaram is one of the most ancient and most celebrated shrines in India. It is of great religious as well as historic and cultural significance. Chidambaram is associated with Nataraja, or Shiva in his Ananda Tandava pose (the cosmic Dance of bliss) in the golden ball and the hall of consciousness. Shiva is also worshipped in the “Formless from” of the Chidambaram Rahasyam, while the temple is known for its Akasa Lingam, an embodiment of Shiva as the formless space.

Each person does not have to acquire a basic physical fitness without which his daily work would seem to be a burden nor would he be able to discharge his duties and responsibilities properly as a citizen. However, broadly speaking a person is said to posses good health when he has the required basic physical fitness, mental alertness and moral and spiritual favour – the combination of all these will make a life happy and worth living.

“Schools have to prepare students for jobs that have not been created, techniques that have not yet been invented and problems that we don’t know will arise…..” - Andrea Schleirxr (2010). It is a privilege for an Educator to serve as a 21st century Teacher. The mission demands the teacher to be dynamic, creative constantly innovating new methods to reach the 21st century child and make an impact thereby contributing to shaping the future citizen.

The transportation system in India comprises of district services such as railway, roads, shipping, air lines etc. so the process of road sector is the key to employment generation. Economic wellbeing rests on advancement of infrastructure especially on the socio economic infrastructure which brings qualitative changes in the life of the people.The five year scheme is expected to witness setting up of more than 2500 enterprises that will create more than 23.0 lakhs direct and indirect jobs in the country.

The education process is restless in ancient era education was given through only explain to people. eduction process is continuously modify recent time education given through different explaning process. like writing,activity,varied programme well as from experiences of life. students abtained their goal from different experiences and skills.

Earlier judgments of Hon’ble Supreme Court of India, in cheque dishonour cases, have been overruled by larger benches of the same apex body applying strict interpretation of law.