This review investigates the vital role of resistance training as a therapeutic method for women with metabolic syndrome, a condition characterized by insulin resistance, high blood pressure, abnormal lipid levels, and central obesity.

Objective: Obesity is a global health concern, the use of Orlistat as an anti-obesity drug, has shown promise in managing the constipation and blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Orlistat on diabetic patients experiencing both overweight and constipation. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 overweight and constipated diabetic patients were randomly enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. The intervention group received 120 mg Orlistat with lunch for three months, while the control group received placebo, taken once daily with lunch for the same duration. Clinical and paraclinical parameters, including body mass index (BMI), constipation, fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), creatinine (Cr), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and blood sugar two hours postprandial (BS-2HPP), were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Significantly, the BS-2HPP and ALT decreased in the interventiom group. Additionally, there was a noteworthy improvement in constipation within the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Orlistat demonstrates some effectiveness in improving clinical parameters in diabetic patients with obesity and constipation. While the drug shows notable efficacy in alleviating constipation, its impact on other related parameters is not statistically significant. No significant side effects were observed with Orlistat.

Objective: Diabetes is one of the most common high-risk diseases which causes many side effects in most body systems such as the nervous system. The medicinal plants, has been suggested to reduce the side effects of this diseases. In this experimental study, we examined the effect of ginger on BCL2 gene expression in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used 60 Wistar rats (200gr). We separated the rats into one healthy group and four groups of diabetics which after seven days of diabetes induction via Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), received different mixture of insulin and ginger for 6 weeks. 24 hours after the last injection, brains of rats were removed and the hippocampus region was studied histologically and the BCL2 gene expression examined by Real-time PCR. Results: According to the results, the blood glucose level in the ginger treated group (183.17) decreased significantly compared to the diabetic control group (232.5) (P? 0.01). In the expression of BCL2 gene, there was not any significant difference among the groups. In the histological examination of the hippocampus CA1 region, the ginger-insulin treated group had less pyknotic neurons than the diabetic control group. Conclusion: According to results, the ginger, in addition to glycaemia reduction and despite any significant change in BCL2 gene expression, can cause the safe neurons with the bright nucleus and clear nucleolus remain in the treated group, which can indicate that maybe ginger could inhibit the creation of apoptosis.

Objective: Gout and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular involvement. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the frequency of MetS and its components in patients with gout. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients with gout in Sari, Iran. The demographic, clinical and laboratory variables of the patients were recorded. The MetS was defined by the 2005 National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP/ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Then, patients with gout with and without metabolic syndrome were compared in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (version 19), at a significance level of < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.17±15 year. Based on the NCEP/ATP III and IDF criteria, 88 (58.7%) and 90 (60%) were diagnosed with MetS, respectively. Age, body mass index, and duration of gout were significantly higher in patients with MetS criteria (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of MetS was found about 60% of patients with gout. Hypertriglyceridemia and central obesity are two more prevalent components of MetS in our patients. The association of MetS and cardiovascular diseases highlights the importance of attention and management of this condition in patients with gout.

Objective: Childhood and adolescent overweight can lead to metabolic syndrome in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Trachyspermum supplement and jump rope exercise on abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in obese boys aged 10-15. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 obese boys with waist circumference above the 90th percentile were selected using cluster random sampling from schools in Shahroud. The participants were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) supplement + exercise, (2) exercise only, (3) supplement only, and (4) control. The intervention lasted eight weeks. The Jump rope training was done 5 days per week for 30 minutes, with progressive intensity, based on Sung Kim’s protocol. Supplement groups received 3g/day of Trachyspermum powder after breakfast. Measurements included waist/abdominal circumference, weight, and blood tests for Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoprotein HDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and fasting blood sugar before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses included Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov for normality, chi-square, ANOVA, and post hoc tests using SPSS, with significance at P< 0.05. Results: The combination of Trachyspermum and the jump rope exercise significantly improved abdominal obesity (P< 0.011), LDL (P< 0.005), HDL (P< 0.029), triglycerides (P< 0.005), and fasting blood sugar (P< 0.001), compared to control and exercise-only groups. No significant change was found in total cholesterol (P< 0.343). Conclusion: The combination of Trachyspermum and jump rope training had beneficial effects on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents, suggesting its use as a non-pharmacological and complementary treatment for adolescent obesity.

Objective: Obesity ultimately results in a variety of metabolic changes, the most significant of which is insulin resistance, which is a contributing factor to both type 2 diabetes and permanent insulin resistance? The purpose of this study was to determine whether these two medications break down insulin resistance concurrently and, if so, what modifications are made to the levels of the targeted proteins in the insulin signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic adipose tissue in humans. Materials and Methods: A clinical trial is described in this article. We used (sodium dodecyl sulfate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) and western blot analyses to identify the presence of insulin resistance-related proteins Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in the adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic patients. We looked at six individuals who were receiving simultaneous treatment with metformin and sitagliptin for three months, four of whom returned after treatment. Results: Increases in glucose disposal, decreases in serum glucose levels (P< 0.05), decreased insulin resistance (P< 0.05), and changes in serum insulin levels were seen after concurrent therapy with metformin and sitagliptin. Conversely, an increase in the proteins implicated in insulin resistance, including PI3K, mTOR, and IRS-1, was noted in the adipose tissue of diabetic individuals (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The insulin resistance-related proteins IRS-1, PI3K, and mTOR in type 2 diabetic adipose tissue were markedly improved by concurrent metformin and sitagliptin treatment.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that can significantly affect health at the global level, highlighting the importance of accurate early risk prediction to support prevention and management efforts. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of some efficient machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Decision Tree (DT) in diabetes risk prediction using dataset acquired from Yazd Health Study (YaHS). Extensive preprocessing steps, including data cleaning, class imbalance handling through Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique and Edited Nearest Neighbors (SMOTEENN), and feature selection, are applied to enhance the performance of models. Among the evaluated machine learning algorithms, the Random Forest classifier achieved the highest performance with an accuracy of 97%, outperforming other methods in terms of predictive capability. The findings highlight the vital importance of effective data preprocessing and algorithm selection in developing reliable predictive models from healthcare datasets.

Obesity can destroy tissues and cause metabolic and chronic diseases. It is well-established that obesity damages liver tissue, and it is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma Regular physical activities, especially aerobic exercise, have been introduced as a beneficial non-drug treatment without side effects and improves liver function under obesity conditions. Evidence Acquisition: This bibliometric article analyzes trends in publications relating to aerobic training on the liver under obesity conditions. The Magiran database was used, and articles without the desired keywords were collected. Journals that published more articles in this field, keywords were used more by authors, and prolific authors were analyzed and identified by VOS viewer software. Results: The results showed that aerobic exercise, obesity, and the liver, especially at the cellular level, are an attractive and relatively novel topics for researchers. The articles in recent years have had an upward trend, and the journals of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences and the Yafteh Journal of Medical Sciences have the highest number of publications. Conclusions: In general, studying the impact of aerobic training on the liver in obesity cases represents a novel area of research. Investigating this at the cellular and molecular levels will provide more insightful insights.