Public health has been considered to be an essential process and gained thrust to achieve Health for All. Public health efforts have resulted in making the Indian citizens healthier post independence almost 70 years ago. The public health practices that we talk of today are essentially social practices and as such rooted in the soil and history of people. Hence, it becomes pertinent to study the evolution of Public Health in India. Therefore, present review is undertaken with the objective to study the evolution of public health in India

A good health can be established in a healthy environment.We can prevent several premature death and diseases through maintaining a healthier environment.But the present scenario has very tragic face. According to WHO, an estimated 12.6 million people died as a result of living or working in an unhealthy environment in 2012 – nearly 1 in 4 of total global deaths. Environmental risk factors, such as air, water and soil pollution, chemical exposure, climate change and ultraviolet radiation, contribute to more than 100 diseases and injuries. Among all these,air pollution is presently a matter of great concern.

Introduction: The construction industry is one of the most hazardous industrial fields, wherein the construction workers are prone to work related accidents resulting in disabilities and/or deaths. The probability of fatality in the construction industry is five times more likely than in the manufacturing industry. In developing countries, construction work is ten times more dangerous than in industrialized countries. ILO (2016) estimated that of all workplace accidents, about 30% of fatal accidents occur at construction sites. Similarly, the construction industry in Bhutan accounts for 60% of total workplace accidents in the country. Objective: This paper will evaluate the existing Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) practices in the construction industry of Bhutan. It will also identify the challenges and problems faced by both the contractors and those attempting to implement OHS policies and procedures. Methods: A study was conducted involving 119 participants from several construction companies and government regulatory organizations relevant to the construction industry in Bhutan. Data was collected through questionnaire surveys, interviews and discussions. Results: The study identified a number of OHS problems in the construction industry, including: i) Low priority given to safety; ii) Poor attitude of contractors and laborers towards OHS; iii) lack of competent manpower to enforce regulations; iv) lack of safety promotion; and v) poor health and safety management systems. Conclusion: It is concluded that the biggest challenge faced is to shape the safety culture through behavioral change, of employers and workers. Perhaps most important, however, is the education and training component - not only for the workers, but their managers and supervisors, who must be held accountable for workplace safety.

Background: Many times, self-medication is seen as getting personal independence from established medicines. The study on self medication report that it is common practice and a kind of ‘self care’ which is associated with positive and negative aspects. It has been observed that inappropriate self-medication practices are associated with resistance of microorganisms, drug dependence, severe drug reactions and also the resources wastage etc. Objective: To assess the self medication practices among general population in urban area of Pune city. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 general community members of Hadapsar Area of Pune City. The structured, pre-tested, self administered questionnaire was given to participants and they were asked to fill up questionnaire. Entire data was entered into Microsoft Office Excel Sheet and analyzed. Results: Around 45.83 % of participants had preferred ‘Allopathy’ while 68 (28.33%) liked to opt ‘Ayurveda’. However 62 (25.83%) participants had preferred to seek ‘Homeopathy’ treatment. The majority of participants i.e.178 (74.17%) were not knowing about expiry date of medicines. Conclusion: Self medication practices were common among participants but often inappropriate.

The world is witnessing Climate change. This change has already started affecting air quality, food production, water supply, coastal settlements and human health. Vector-borne diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases. There is increasing evidence about the impact of climate change on Vector Borne Diseases. We collected secondary data in September 2017 from published articles, journals, reports, and books on this major issue to discuss the effects of climate change on VBDs in India through this article. This paper will briefly review the changing epidemiology of the most important vector-borne diseases in India.

Background: As per Medical Council of India guidelines, Under-graduate medical students must involve in planning, implementation and evaluation of a health education program. Problem Solving for Better Health (PSBH) is an excellent opportunity provided to fulfill this objective. PSBH participants are encouraged to generate new ideas and methods to more effectively utilize the resources that are currently available to them to help solve specific health problems in their areas. Many of the PSBH projects are Health Education Intervention projects andBehavior change is the core idea of Health Education. We intend to assess the projects documenting behavior change following Health Education Intervention. Methods: Abstract, Objectives, Methodology, Results, Discussion and Questionnaires of the submitted Health Education Intervention projects were reviewed for data on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Change in Behavior of participants before and after Health Education Intervention. Data entered in Epi-Info 6.0 and percentage projects showing Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral change were assessed. Results: Out of the 243 PSBH projects 177(72.83%) were Health Education Intervention projects. Behavioral assessment before intervention was done in 152(85.87%) studies. 88(49.71%) studies have documented the changes in behavior after intervention and only 38 out of these 88 studies have documented the statistical significance for the change in behavior. 2(0.01%) of the studies have used Health Education Models other than Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) Model. Convenient sampling is done in all the studies. Conclusion: Nearly half of the PSBH projects on Health Education Intervention have documented the change in behavior. The use of appropriate Health Education Models, standard sampling methods, proper statistical analysis and documenting change in Behavior will add value for their study.