The article examines the process of creating a real estate cadastre in Ukraine and the directions of development based on the analysis of the experience and practices of the European Union. It is emphasized that the importance of correcting the misunderstandings created in this area of ??relations regarding the definition of real estate adopted in Ukraine and in the World, taking into account the recommendations of the World Bank on the unification of fragmented institutional approaches to property registration, its valuation and tax administration. The emphasis is on the continuous development of integration processes in this area in the EU countries and the World on the basis of a coordinated view of the future development of these systems, taking into account the conclusions drawn from the practice of implementing the future vision of the modern cadastre by 2014 and from the perspective of 2035, as well as on the importance of Ukraine accession to this process to create favorable conditions for the development of market relations and the activation of investment activities.

This article examines the impact of climate change on the efficiency of agricultural crop cultivation in Rivne Region, which serves as a representative area for studying adaptation processes under changing climatic conditions in northwestern Ukraine. It has been established that rising average annual temperatures, decreasing uniform precipitation, and more frequent droughts significantly affect the yields of major crops and cause their spatial differentiation. The study includes a spatial analysis of agricultural production, an assessment of climate-related risks across the administrative districts of the region, and an identification of regional differences in the effects of climatic factors. An economic evaluation of the efficiency of growing various crops under the new climatic conditions was conducted. The results indicate the need to adjust crop structure in favor of more adaptive and profitable crops such as potatoes, maize, open-field vegetables, and fruit and berry crops. An optimized structure of cultivated areas, adapted to current agro-climatic conditions of the region, is proposed. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach that integrates agro-climatic analysis, economic assessment, and spatial modeling. The findings can be used to develop strategies for adapting the agricultural sector to climate change, ensuring food security, and enhancing the economic resilience of agricultural production in Rivne Region and similar regions of Ukraine.

This article is devoted to substantiating the theoretical foundations of institutional changes in the field of land management in accordance with the theory of change approach using the framework concept of development at the local level and an integrated approach based on human rights (in particular, the right to access to land). To identify key points of institutional changes, the study provided for an analysis of the key requirements of EU law on land, a study of national land legislation and the impact of the legal regime of martial law on it, the needs and goals of post-war reconstruction. It is proven that the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine significantly affects institutional changes and institutional support for land management, making it necessary to temporarily adjust the legal and organizational mechanisms for land management. It is substantiated that during the period of post-war reconstruction, institutional changes in the field of land management become critically important and fundamental for effective land management and ensuring food, technological and economic security, and access to land. Key challenges include the restoration of destroyed infrastructure, demining and the return of land to economic use. While the development of a strategic plan for the development of agriculture, consistent with European principles and the EU Common Agricultural Policy, are opportunities for improving the system of land management mechanisms. The presence of a solid and coherent theoretical and methodological basis for institutional changes in the field of land management and land resources management in Ukraine will allow for strategic planning of transformations, ensuring coordination and monitoring of goals and results both at the EU and national levels in the current period, as well as when addressing post-war challenges regarding land use and agricultural development.

The article is devoted to the formation of the normative core of the modern theory of land management as an independent fundamental discipline, which goes beyond the technical and applied interpretation of "land development" and is considered as a science of managing the value of space. Based on a critical analysis of the international paradigm of land administration, Ukrainian doctrinal developments, institutional theory, theory of property rights and spatial economics, the object and subject of land management are specified: the object is recognized as a multidimensional socio-spatial continuum, in which the territory is transformed into an ordered space of rights, restrictions, regimes, rents and risks; the subject is the emergence, structure and dynamics of spatial regimes of land use as a system of legal titles, easements, zones, corridors and reservations in multilayer (surface–underground space–air column) and multi-temporal dimensions. The axiomatic core of the theory of modern land management is formulated. It is shown that the methodology of land management should include institutional analysis, theoretical and legal dogma of spatial regimes, spatial and economic modeling of rents, topological and network approaches, ecological accounting, geoinformation and algorithmic modeling, scenario analysis and spatial justice procedures. The core of scientific problems of land management theory are generalized and systematized, the solution of which is a necessary condition for the transition from fragmented regulatory and technical practice to institutionally mature spatial governance. The practical significance of the results lies in creating a conceptual framework for updating educational programs, improving cadastral and planning systems, as well as for developing standards for managing the value of space in the context of digitalization and the growing role of spatial justice.

The article addresses the pressing issue of soil degradation and substantiates the necessity of applying biomelioration methods as a key tool for restoring soil fertility. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize data on the impact of biomelioration techniques based on fertility indicators of degraded soils. A comprehensive research approach was employed, which included the analysis of scientific publications as well as practical examples of biomelioration methods used to improve the fertility of degraded soils. Fertility is defined as a combination of three main properties: physical, chemical, and biological. The study highlights the influence of biomelioration methods on fertility restoration through the accumulation of organic matter, stimulation of biological activity, and improvement of soil structure. The main biomelioration techniques and their effects have been examined. Phytoremediation is considered as a measure aimed at reducing toxic elements in contaminated soils by cultivating special plants capable of removing or localizing toxic substances within the root zone or aerial parts. The role of organic farming as a biomelioration method has been determined. A schematic model illustrating the mechanism of biomelioration effects on soil fertility is presented, along with recommendations for implementing a complex system of biomelioration practices to effectively restore degraded soils in Ukraine. It is noted that further research should focus on the development of regionally adapted biomelioration systems and the assessment of the long-term economic impact of their implementation.

The article is devoted to the intellectualization of electronic geodetic instruments (EGI) and the development of conceptual foundations for integrating artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into the geoinformation environment (GIS) to enhance the efficiency of spatial management systems. The study presents a developed architectural model of an intelligent spatial management system, which includes the interaction of electronic instruments, sensor modules, GIS platforms, and analytical AI services. The proposed concept of EGI intellectualization is based on three main vectors: autonomy of the measurement process (through machine learning, ML, for object recognition and self-diagnostics), adaptability to environmental conditions (via environmental impact correction and noise reduction), and integrativity with GIS. The research describes the use of AI methods, including deep neural networks (YOLO, Mask R-CNN, U-Net, PointNet) for automatic detection and classification of objects in images and point clouds, as well as for real-time evaluation and correction of GNSS errors using neuro-Kalman filters. The practical directions of model implementation include automated monitoring of engineering structure deformations and intelligent UAV data processing for updating topographic maps. According to the findings, the phased integration of AI transforms EGI into intelligent sensors capable of autonomously assessing data quality and interacting with GIS, thereby providing a reliable foundation for smart cities and sustainable territorial development.

Foreign and domestic experience in performing such work has been analyzed. It has been shown that one of the most effective methods of spatial documentation is terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), which provides a high-precision point cloud that reflects the actual shape of an object with an accuracy of several millimeters. International studies show that Scan-to-BIM technology is key in the processes of digital restoration and planning of reconstructions of historical objects. It is noted that Ukraine lacks systematic applied research that would combine these technologies into a comprehensive algorithm for specific historical and architectural objects. This circumstance indicates the practical importance of this research and the need for further development of methods for documenting historical facades using modern geodetic and geoinformation technologies.

The article explores the issue of intellectualisation of electronic geodetic instruments in the context of spatial management systems, emphasising the transformation from automated procedures to adaptive self-learning technological solutions with the integration of digital ethics principles. An algorithmic analysis is implemented using the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and recurrent Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network architectures for adaptive filtering of information flows, as well as geospatial statistics and GIS visualisation methods for verifying coordinate consistency. The obtained scientific results indicate that intellectualisation determines the transformation to cognitive systems with sensor integration (GNSS, IMU, EDM), achieving millimetre accuracy using artificial intelligence algorithms – particularly EKF and LSTM – for predictive modelling of errors and auto-correction. It was established that cloud infrastructure and interoperability with GIS platforms (ArcGIS, QGIS) form a unified digital environment with data validation mechanisms, which increases metrological stability and ethical accountability of systems. The practical significance of the study is determined by the improvement of public administration systems, in particular urban planning, land cadastral accounting and infrastructure monitoring, where intelligent devices provide real-time data updates and preventive risk management. The study contributes to increasing the transparency of state registers through digital measurement passports, reducing errors and legal conflicts in the geoinformation environment. Prospects for further scientific exploration include the development of ethical standards for artificial intelligence in geodesy and integration with Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to establish global monitoring networks.

The article discusses the role and capabilities of modern geoinformation technologies in the process of geo-ecological monitoring of territorial communities. The growth of anthropogenic pressure, climate change and active development of land resources necessitate the introduction of innovative tools for timely detection, analysis and forecasting of the state of the environment. Geoinformation systems ensure the integration of different types of spatial data, their modelling and rapid visualisation, which enables local authorities to make scientifically sound management decisions on the use of natural resources, spatial planning and environmental safety at the local level. The study analyses the main functional capabilities of geographic information systems, in particular spatial analysis, geostatistics, risk modelling and scenario forecasting. Particular attention is paid to the use of remote sensing of the Earth to assess the dynamics of natural processes such as soil degradation, changes in vegetation cover, water balance and pollution detection. Examples are given of the application of integrated geoinformation solutions in communities for monitoring land conditions, analysing environmental sustainability and monitoring compliance with environmental protection standards. The results of the study prove that the introduction of geoinformation technologies into the geo-ecological monitoring system is a key condition for improving the efficiency of natural resource management at the level of local communities. The use of integrated geospatial data allows for more accurate assessment of environmental threats and the development of sound sustainable development strategies. Thus, geoinformation systems serve as the basis for the creation of modern monitoring systems that meet the requirements of adaptive management in the environmental sphere.