The novelty of this study lies in the comprehensive comparison of the two systems in terms of legal effectiveness, digitalization, and protection of property rights. The conclusions of the research can be used to improve the Ukrainian real estate registration model, integrate cadastral and registration processes, and enhance legal certainty, bringing it closer to European standards. The article reveals the axiology of space as a component of the modern theory of land management and as a methodological response to the widespread reduction of space to geometric extension or a resource. It is substantiated that land management decisions always have not only a metric and resource-related dimension, but also a value-normative dimension, since space is a bearer of economic, environmental, social, cultural, security-related, and legal meanings and an arena of their conflicts. The purpose of the study is to conceptualize the theoretical and methodological foundations of the axiology of space in land management, to describe the mechanism of transition from values to institutional and design decisions, and to build a conceptual model of “value regimes of space.” The methodological basis consists of a systematized review of relevant scientific and framework sources, a conceptual analysis of basic categories (value, regime, legitimacy, admissibility), and a typologization of regimes supplemented by operationalization through indicator-metrics suitable for land management analytics. A definition of a value regime is proposed as a stable configuration of priorities ??????????? in institutions and practices, and a typology of regimes is presented (utilitarian-economic; environmental-protective; socially just; cultural-identification; security-related/risk-oriented; legal/procedural) with applied manifestations in land management and a set of quantitative metrics.

The article analyzes the regulatory documents regulating the development of a detailed plan of the territory, in particular its land management part. The territory within which the research was conducted is characterized, regarding the location of land plots, their intended purpose, land categories, land rights, and the presence of restrictions on use. The research was conducted within the territory of the village of Irshansk, which mostly refers to residential and public development lands, which are characterized by an extensive network of engineering communications. It was established that within the DPT there are land plots, information about which is not entered into the database of the State Land Cadastre. Among those registered in the database of the State Land Cadastre are public use territories (streets, driveways, green zones of plantations), land plots for estate development, and areas for the construction and maintenance of commercial buildings. Based on the results of office processing of the topographic survey, the boundaries of restrictions on land use were established and shown on cartographic materials, and the areas of land plots subject to restrictions were also calculated. Among the latter: a protection zone around (along) a communication facility, protection zones around (along) an energy system facility, protection zones around engineering communications, territories in red lines; there is also a sanitary protection zone around an industrial facility; which justifies the change in the purpose of the land plot of interest and the category of land within the DPT from industrial land to residential and public development land, namely the location of a shopping center. Discrepancies were also identified in the existing state of land plots and data entered about the plots in the State Land Cadastre. In particular, the complete absence of existing restrictions in the cadastral database within the formed plots was established. Data from research materials within the DPT territory were highlighted. The scheme of work was justified on a specific example, which includes: a detailed study of current legislative and regulatory documents for the development of the DPT and the registration of its results; performing a topographic survey of the area and office processing of measurements; formation of textual and planning and cartographic materials that reflect the initial state of the research area and the results of design decisions.

The article substantiates the expediency of analysing the agricultural land market in Ukraine as a system in which market results (prices, transaction volumes, liquidity, transaction costs) are shaped by the simultaneous action of institutional and legal changes, economic conditions, the quality of land as natural capital, and spatial security risks in wartime. The aim is to classify the factors that determine demand, supply, price expectations and transaction costs, and to explain the mechanisms of their manifestation within the economy of natural resource use and good land governance. The methodology combines a systematic approach, comparative analysis, content analysis of scientific and analytical sources, as well as legal analysis of regulations on land circulation, cadastre, valuation and protection. The empirical context is supported by generalised quantitative indicators of market functioning in 2021–2025 (dynamics of weighted average prices, transaction intensity, ratio of market price to normative monetary valuation), as well as security risk parameters (scale of potential explosive contamination of territories). As a result, nine groups of factors (natural resources, economic, social, demographic, technological, cultural, legal, political and security) were identified and a logic for their operationalisation through channels of influence and a set of measurable indicators for land monitoring was proposed. The scientific novelty lies in the methodologically correct inclusion of soil condition parameters and war-related access restrictions/limitations as risk and cost components in factor analysis of the market with a focus on evidence-based management. The practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the proposed scheme to reduce information asymmetry, increase transaction transparency, and prioritise land protection and restoration measures at the national and local levels.

This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the state registration systems for real property rights in Ukraine and Montenegro, considering contemporary challenges, trends in decentralization, and digitalization of cadastral and registration processes. The aim of the study was to identify similarities and differences in the legal foundations, organizational structure, and practical functioning of the registration systems in both countries, as well as to evaluate their effectiveness. The research employed general scientific and specialized methods: analysis and synthesis to summarize legislative norms, comparative legal method to identify differences between the Ukrainian and Montenegrin models, systems approach to assess the interaction of cadastral and registration authorities, and structural-functional method to reveal features of the organization of the state land cadastre and the property registry in Montenegro. Content analysis of specialized scientific publications was used, including work dedicated to the maintenance of state surveying in Montenegro. A historical and contemporary analysis of the registration systems in both countries was conducted. The study analyzed the stages of state registration formation, including inventory data, technical inventory bureaus, and modern bodies such as the Ministry of Justice and the State Geocadastre. It identified specifics of maintaining separate registries for land plots, houses, buildings, apartments, unfinished construction objects, and their encumbrances. The development of the Montenegrin system was reviewed, starting from the 1980s, including the transformation of the land cadastre into a unified real estate registration system through the Real Estate Administration. The study highlighted the constitutive nature of property registration, integration of cadastral and registration data, public access via electronic services such as eKatastar and Geoportal, as well as specifics of land geoclassification and legalization of unauthorized construction. Key characteristics of both countries’ systems were compared in tables, reflecting: legal basis of registration, organizational structure, objects and mechanisms of registry maintenance, digitalization, publicity, protection of property rights, and procedures for legalizing unauthorized buildings. The novelty of this study lies in the comprehensive comparison of the two systems in terms of legal effectiveness, digitalization, and protection of property rights. The conclusions of the research can be used to improve the Ukrainian real estate registration model, integrate cadastral and registration processes, and enhance legal certainty, bringing it closer to European standards.

The article presents a comprehensive study aimed at the theoretical substantiation and assessment of ecological and economic determinants of agricultural land value formation in de-occupied territories (using the Brovary district of the Kyiv region as a case study). The relevance of the research is driven by the necessity for an objective evaluation of land assets directly affected by hostilities. To achieve the research objectives, a comparative analysis of market prices was conducted, contrasting the pre-war period (2021–2022) with the post-occupation period (2024–2025) based on secondary market data. The results of the analysis revealed a significant decrease in the average value of agricultural land. It was determined that different types of land use in this category experienced different decreases in value. Key ecological and economic factors that affect the change in the value of land were identified and substantiated, in particular, technogenic pollution as a result of military actions and changes in the structure of the offer market. The study also took into account the factor of the high cost of demining and, if necessary, reclamation of agricultural land. The results of the study emphasize the heterogeneity of the impact of war on different types of agricultural lands and indicate the need to develop comprehensive programs of restoration, reclamation and economic stimulation to increase the investment attractiveness of these territories.

The article proposes an assessment-oriented national profile of the Land Administration Domain Model for Ukraine, which sets out a unified logic for integrating cadastral, legal, urban planning, and market information in a format suitable for mass assessment and taxation of real estate. The conceptual framework is based on the provisions of ISO 19152-1:2024 and ISO 19152-4:2025, and the subject area is structured in the form of a UML model with the definition of key entities and relationships between spatial units, legal statuses, and valuation results. To transition from disparate registries and cartographic materials to a coordinated “valuation-ready” dataset, an intermediate layer of semantic harmonization is justified, including unified identifiers, classifiers, and attribute normalization rules. A practical scenario for forming an MVP showcase for mass valuation with the fixation of data sources and quality control indicators (completeness of key fields, duplicates, spatial inconsistencies, price outliers) is described. The technological implementation of the profile is supported by an open stack of PostgreSQL/PostGIS, QGIS, and Python, which ensures the reproducibility of calculations, the auditability of decisions, and the possibility of scaling for the needs of communities and government agencies. The proposed approach forms the basis for conducting various types of assessments (regulatory, market, and mass) in a single information loop.

The safety and conditions of road transport traffic significantly depend on the influence of curved sections. For practical use, methods for designing horizontal curves are constantly being improved. At present, there are no simple and reliable methods for designing transition curves for connecting two one-way circular curves in scientific publications. Existing methods for finding optimal transition curves use iterative processes and specially developed software products. Therefore, improving the methodology for solving the problem of connecting circular curves is of practical importance. The paper considers the main options for forming curved sections with two circular curves - connecting by straight inserts, arcs of circles of larger radius and clothoids, as well as searching for a clothoid that is common to two circular curves and ensures the preservation of their centers. It is proved that with a known position of the centers and arcs of circular curves of given radii , the search for the optimal clothoid can be performed by the standard function "Solution Search" of the " Microsoft" menu. Excel ". Possible options for the location of the extreme points of the clothoid on existing or designed circular curves are given by the directional angles between the centers of the curves and the starting and ending points of the circular curves. Examples of calculations of direct inserts and clothoids for connecting two circular curves are given.

In the Poltava region, over the past decades, natural complexes have undergone significant transformations as a result of intensive economic activity. This has led to the formation of potentially hazardous areas where exogenous geomorphological processes are becoming more active and environmental risks to the region are increasing. Systematic monitoring of changes in agricultural landscapes under the influence of technogenic transforming factors makes it possible to promptly identify problem areas, assess the scale of degradation processes, and take timely measures for their stabilization and restoration. The article presents an analysis of technogenically loaded areas of the Poltava region, in particular the Poltava and Bilanivka mining and processing plants, tailings storage facilities, the evaporation pond of the Kremenchuk Oil Refinery, the dam of the Kremenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant, the Makukhivka and Diivka landfills, as well as sites of fires in nature reserves. The tools of remote sensing monitoring used to assess the impact of technogenic transforming factors on the environment are characterized, including band synthesis technologies and InSAR interferometry, the determination of the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), as well as data processing using Google Earth Pro, Surfer, and QGIS software. The study used data from the Sentinel-1, Landsat-7, and Sentinel-5P satellite missions obtained from the Copernicus Open Access Hub platform, as well as Sentinel-2 radar images downloaded via the Vertex web interface. Remote sensing methods have demonstrated high effectiveness in detecting and analyzing environmental changes under the influence of technogenic transforming factors. Satellite observations make it possible to assess in detail a wide range of parameters, including surface deformations, vegetation indices, temperature anomalies, moisture changes, as well as the characteristics of soils and water bodies. The geomatics approach is a key element in integrating these data. It enables the combination of heterogeneous satellite and ground-based data within a unified analytical environment, the performance of spatial and temporal analyses, the creation of interactive maps and 3D/4D models, the visualization of change dynamics, and the development of predictive models of technogenically driven phenomena.

The research of the “Framework Approach to Handling with (Hierarchical) Spatial Information Systems (SpIS)”, hereinafter referred to as the Framework Approach, was continued. Prior to this, the entities of the Framework Approach, which relate to the upper echelons of its epistemological hierarchy, were considered. Namely, to (the title of the article corresponding echelon is given in quotes “…”): 1) the first echelon – “Framework Approach as a Strategy for Research and Design of Complex SpIS (on the Example of NGDI)”; 2) again the first echelon – “Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF) as a Generalized Methodology of the Framework Approach for Handling SpIS”; 3) the second echelon – “Standardization of the MSF Agile Methodology using ISO/IEC 24744 standard”; 4) the third echelon – “On the Methodics of the Framework Approach to Creating SpIS Using Modern Microsoft Technologies”. Echelons unite groups of users of a modeling system. They correspond to strata of the same system. Three of the four mentioned articles use significantly the special knowledge about MSF and about modern information technologies (IT) of Microsoft. To reduce dependence on this knowledge, in this article we used “neutral” knowledge about software development methodologies. For this purpose, the so-called Model-Based Software Engineering (MBSE) is considered through the “framework prism”. The latter is Model-Based System Engineering (MBSysE) and, more generally, Model-Based Engineering (MBE). Their understanding is necessary to create our own methodology, which is called the Pattern-Based Spatial Engineering (PBSpE) methodology. PBSpE will include the methodics of extending the SpIS, which were mentioned in our works earlier. Moreover, these methodics have already been used by us in practice, sometimes without association with any methodology. It should be noted that our SpIS extension methodics are applied to constructions that are already structured as a result of using the so-called Atlas Solution Framework AtlasSF.