Crop production in North America has changed in the last 15 years because of new breeding techniques and genetic manipula-tion. But that is not the only change that has helped growers be-come more productive. The use of biological and bio stimulants along with plant growth regulators has enabled growers to plant crops in less than ideal environments and more extreme weather patterns. The use of drones to scout fields and/or apply fungicides or insecticides has helped growers to reduce the cost of pest con-trol, but also the need for labor.

Most diverse on group on earth are insects not only but they also play several significant roles in environmental system post and the universal economy.

Poultry farming is the activity that is responsible for the pro-duction of chickens. The most consumed birds are chickens and hens, of the latter there are various breeds that meet specific needs, for example, light hens produce eggs, for meat consumption are heavy hens and semi-heavy hens that are dual-purpose (meat and egg)

More than 50 years have passed since everything changed. That was in 1969. We humans first saw ourselves in the TV screen of the blue Earth from the Apollo spacecraft, like seeing oneself reflect-ed in the surface of flowing river. After that incident, we humans came to the understanding that we cannot separate ourselves from Earth as a whole. And it seems we humans expanded the subcon-scious awareness that probably Earth is one big living organism in the solar system.

The continued growth in the world human population brings with it a progressive increase in the demand for food and the pro-ductivity of the world agriculture. The response to this pressure will vary from nation to nation depending on many factors such as their physical characteristics, farm size, scope for more intensive agriculture and the value placed on protecting the environment. A key question through the endeavours to feed the growing popula-tion is what legacy is handed on to future generations in terms of the earth’s natural resources.

Society needs to devise mechanisms of caring for the environment sustainability. Every citizen needs to have civic sense to reduce the pollution at individual level. Plastic is one such material which harms environment tremendously because of that many state governments in the country have banned plastic usage. Because of this step, many shop keepers have started charging for the plastic bag to carry the goods be it food, clothing and other sun dries. Hence, consumers started carrying their own shopping bags to super markets which implies that consumers are becoming conscious about environment protection. Not much research is done to under-stand the eco-friendly behavior patterns of rural people. The present study explored the behavior of 105 people from rural areas to understand whether they were conscious about the ill effects of environmental pollution and to assess their eco-friendly behaviour patterns in order to protect the environment. Results revealed that majority of the respondents have exhibited eco consciousness.

Contribute to solving food security problems by analyzing and monitoring the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the Central African Republic, although its cultivation occupies an important place in the rural economy, plantain production remains insufficient due to the unavailability of good quality plant material. The objective of the present study is to test the effect of substrates on the production of banana offshoots by the Fragments Planting Method (FPM) of the stem by comparing different vari-eties in order to identify the one that responds better to this method. Two local varieties and one variety from the African Center for Banana and Plantain Research (CARBAP) were produced in the nursery. The propagator used is composed of three racks each filled with one or a mixture of substrate that are, sawdust, sand and fine sawdust of white wood, fine sand with a proportion mixed with coffee parchment. The effect of the variety and the substrate on the different parameters of growth of the seedlings was appreciated thanks to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two criteria of classification with the Software R version. The results show that the variety Batar of CARBAP, presents a better performance compared to the others. Regarding the substrate, the parchment+sand mix-ture gives more relevant results than the other substrates.

Stripe rust has been an important disease of wheat, reducing the yield and quality of grain and forage, and lowering seed vigor, germination and emergence. The disease continues to cause huge yield losses worldwide in susceptible wheat cultivars and poses a major threat to the sustainable production of cereal crops. The Present study was carried out to find stripe rust resistance in 52 advanced lines of bread wheat. Based on phenotypic evaluation at field and glass house, 12 resistant advanced lines of wheat were selected from 52 advanced lines for molecular analysis. Thirteen available SNPs genetic markers were used for the molecular vali-dation of the selected advanced lines of wheat. Line-27 showed stripe rust resistance in the field screening as well as glass house experiments. Molecular analysis also revealed majority of resistant genes against strip rust in the line- 27. Advance Line-27 of bread wheat can be used in breeding programs for creating stripe rust resistant cultivars of wheat.

The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic represents an unpredicted health concern and declared as ‘pub-lic-health emergency of international concern” by the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. The virus that is responsible for COVID-19 is known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and infected more than 160 million peoples as well as caused approximately 3.4 million deaths worldwide. Recent advancement in nanotechnology plays an important role in diagnosing the drug development programs. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have integrated into prevention of COVID-19. This review covers the use of NPs for the prevention of COVID-19 by several ways. The tools for diagnosis of coronavirus, nano-based vaccines and NPs as a drug delivery agent for the handling of virus infection have also been discussed.

From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprec-edented in scale. And according to the United Nations, without drastic action today, adapting to these impacts in the future, will be more difficult and costly.

Agrivoltaic system is a concept of growing crops and generating PV-based electricity from the same land and time and is one of the future of the land use systems from where both food and energy can be produced. Development of agrivoltaic system is based on dual uses of land for simultaneous crop and energy production. The concept is originated from the same approach of agroforestry in which productivity of the land is increased by following inter-cropping among the trees.

Ethiopia is endowed with diverse crop genetic resources. Thus, the country is one of the Vavilovian centers of origin and diversity for various crops. The study was aimed to assess the threat level of local crop species in the Benishangul Gumuz regional state where there have been high diversity of crops. Data have been collected through field visit and through interview of the local farm com-munities. The data was collected from 13 districts of the region. From each of the districts two villages were purposively selected. This study reveals, of the 17 crop species local cultivars studied the highest percentage of local cultivar loss is scored by haricot bean (17.86%) followed by maize (14.29%). The least threatened local cultivar scored is 3.75% which is scored by 12 crop species among the total 17 species studied which implies that crop species in the region are under threat of losing land races/farmer varieties through time unless prompt response is taken.

All the natural functions of human being such as birth, growth, health and deaths are affected and determined by the natural environment in the same manner as the cases of other organisms but man being most developed and advanced animal, both physi-cally and mentally and hence technologically, is capable of making substantial changes in natural environment so as to make it suit-able for his own living. The role of most primitive biological or physical man in the functions of natural environmental system was fundamentally that at user of environmental resources and thus he played the role of a factor of the environment but as the skill and technology of man developed with cultural development his roles towards natural environment also changed progressively such as from user through modifier and changer to destroyer of the environment. Modern technological man has changed and is changing the environment for his vested interests to such an extent that even the very existence of human beings is threatened. There are a natural ecosystem and human ecological adaptation on the entire globe. But now a days mans is destroying this ecosystem for the name of modernization and development. To stop such type of manmade greed number of environmental movements took place to protect the environment and ecology. The paper describes the environmental movement perceptions among people. Because the environmental movement will began form the bottom to top. In other words, we can say any policy and rules cannot be effectively implements without public involvement.

Ginger is considered a medicinal herb for long years ago due to the presence of various bioactive compounds like gingerol. Gingerol is further categorized as 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol. Ginger is used as spices and in dietary supplements. Ginger rhizome is also used to provide flavor in savory dishes like sweets, biscuits, cakes, curries, and beverages such as ginger wine, ginger beer, and soft drinks. It has antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. Different processing methods are being used which hadan enor-mous effect on the quality of these bioactive components in ginger and drying is one of them. The objective of the study was to find the optimum drying condition in terms of maximum nutrients preserve in ginger. In the first phase, ginger was dried through vari-ous drying techniques i.e., sun drying, oven drying, microwave having different treatments. Extraction was done through the Soxhlet extraction method of dried ginger. After extraction, the equal weight of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol was prepared and analyzed on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to check the concentration of gingerols preserve. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis to check the significance level. It was concluded that the optimum drying condition was oven drying at 70 °C in which maximum gingerol preserve. The quantity of 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 10-gingerol were 2.61mg/g, 2.27mg/g, 2.44mg/g, respectively at optimum drying condition.

Animal production leads to effluents with high loads of macro and micronutrients, and therefore with a huge potential of water bodies eutrophication. Conventional wastewater treatments are expensive, energy-consuming, release greenhouse gases (GHG), and produce a residual sludge. The use of microalgae for wastewater treatment allows recovery of nutrients (N, P, COD), minimize GHG emissions, and can significantly reduce costs relatively to conventional treatments. Microalgae have been used in the bioremediation of various effluents, such as sewage, manure, brewery, dairy, urban, among others. In this work, piggery effluents were remediated by combining a physico-chemical pre-treatment with biomass ash and biore-mediation with microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella protothecoides and Tetradesmus obliquus). The mixture of piggery effluent with biomass ash was stirred and fractionated by decantation to yield a liquid fraction and a solid precipitate. The fortification of the liquid fraction with olive-oil mill wastewater was also evaluated. Microalgae grown in the pre-treated effluent, in semi-continuous mode reached productivities of 258 and 237 mg L-1day-1 for C. vulgaris and T. obliquus, respectively. Both microalgae reached nutrient removal efficiencies of 100, 100, 90, and 100% for N, P, COD, and BOD5, respectively. The microalgae composition was evaluated in terms of protein, sugar, lipid, fatty acids and ash contents.The produced microalgae biomass was tested as biostimulants for the germination of wheat and watercress seeds with positive results, namely the fortification with C. vulgaris biomass produced an increase of 86% in the germination index of watercress seeds. The solid precipitate was tested as fertilizer for the germination of the same seeds, but the results were not as good as applying the algal biomass.

The present study aims to understand the degree, amount and nature of relationship between different morphometric and yield associated traits and path coefficient analysis in medicinally important plant. The genotypic correlation coefficient (rg) was higher than phenotypic correlation coefficient (rp), suggesting inherent relations for selected traits at their genotypic level. Highest direct contributor to seed yield was husk yield/plot (0.88), whereas, the lower indirect contributor to seed yield was plant height. The high-est heritability and highest genetic advance were observed for the traits panicle/plant 98.57%, 157.79%, respectively suggesting it was possibly governed due to cumulative gene action. On the basis of overall mean performance, character contribution, correlation, path coefficient analysis, heritability and genetic advance, accessions GSD 36, GSD 38, GSD 42, GSD 45, and GSD 47 were identified as highest seed yielding accessions and could be exploited for commercial cultivation.

The assessment of treatment dose known as radio sensitivity test is the first step in any breeding program using radiation as physical mutagen. The aim of this preliminary investigation is to assess the dose that results in a 50% reduction of growth (LD50%) that should be enough to obtain lentil mutants for main treatment in a breeding program for resistance to Stemphylium botryosumwhich is our main goal in the furtherance of our project. Lentil dry seeds were exposed to a 60Co gamma source at doses ranging from 50 - 1000 Gy. For an irradiation dose between 50-400 Gy, results showed a significantly attaint of the growth parameters (P = 0.05) compared to untreated plants. While at doses over than 450 Gy an extremely significant difference (P < 0,001) of plant vegetative growth was recorded. At a dose above 450 Gy, a drastic reduction in the length of roots and shoots as well as in the total content of chlorophyll pigments was recorded. These observations confirm that exposure to lower doses has a simulative effect of physiologi-cal parameters, whereas it inhibits and have negative effects of these parameters at higher doses. The obtained results noticed that increased antioxidant capacity and polyphenols content of lentil plants were increased after application of ?-irradiation.

A new direction of agricultural research is being formed at the Omsk State Agricultural University named after P.A. Stolypin (Rus-sia) within the framework of the scientific school "Development of the regional infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex of Sibe-ria." In the context of coping with the effects of the pandemic