In this topic we have found the relation between multiple sclerosis and sleep, cognitive disturbance and memory loss and what Is its mechanisms and pathogenesis of the above causes.

Ischemic stroke, the second leading cause of death globally, results from interrupted cerebral blood flow due to thrombosis or embolism. Key risk factors include diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension.

Personalized repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (PrTMS®) offers an individualized approach to neuromodulation through customized treatment protocols. This case series aims to explore therapeutic outcomes of PrTMS® in two patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), based on standardized rating scale scores and spectral EEG-guided alpha brainwave activity optimization. Participants diagnosed with PTSD received PrTMS® treatments informed by quantitative rating scales and weekly spectral EEG measurements. Weekly psychometric assessments showed an improvement in symptoms, as quantified by PCL-5 (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5), GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale), PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and SCI (Sleep Condition Indicator) questionnaires. Specifically, PCL-5 scores demonstrated an average reduction of 20.5 points by the midpoint of treatment (4 weeks), while GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores decreased by 7 and 8.5 points, respectively, at the end of 7 weeks. Mean SCI scores increased by 6 points by the end of the 7 week-treatment period. While previous studies have also highlighted the role of spectral EEG-directed personalized PrTMS in the treatment of PTSD, ongoing research is needed in order to understand the long-term efficacy of PrTMS®.

Cavernous hemangioma of the orbit (CHO) is a rare vascular tumor predominantly affecting middle-aged females. While benign, CHO can cause significant visual impairment and ocular motility disturbances. This diagnostic case report presents a 34-year-old female patient with a 7-month history of declining vision in her left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a lesion in the left superior orbital fissure region, displaying T1 hypointensity and T2 hyperintensity. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI showcased a distinctive enhancement pattern originating from a solitary point, suggestive of CHO. Surgical excision confirmed the presence of hemangioma. This report contributes to the understanding of CHO’s diagnostic criteria and underscores the utility of contrast enhancement patterns in its identification.

Atypical facial pain now termed as Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain (PIFP), by IASP and ICHD2 is defined as a pain in the face which is present daily and persists for almost full day. This type of pain has no known etiology neither any symptoms of other cranial neuralgia. A 62-year-old male patient came to us with complaint of poorly localized holocranial headache occasionally radiating to the occipital region since 3 years. Pain is spontaneous in onset and continues the whole day. There is no aggravating factors but sometimes get relieved by instillation of Intranasal Lignocaine spray. There is also no associated neurological sign or abnormality. The Headache did not respond to any analgesics but sometimes responded to pethidine. A lot of consultations were taken but everything was in vain. This created a lot of anxiety in the patient and he was very depressed due to this and was taking a lot of antidepressant drugs. Our approach to treatment started with psychological counseling, pharmacological drugs and a regular follow-up. The patient felt a little satisfied. Still now very little studies have been done regarding role of Sphenopalatine ganglion Radiofrequency Abalation in Atypical facial pain. But we obtained a magical result to this pain after the Sphenopalatine ganglion radiofrequency ABALATION.

A rare case report illustrating an unusual and instructive case of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in a 19-year-old male, attributed to vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (vEDS), a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder affecting Type III collagen synthesis. The patient presented with acute right-sided hemiplegia and aphasia. Neuroimaging revealed an ischemic infarct in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, precipitated by a dissection of the left internal carotid artery (ICA). Genetic testing confirmed a pathogenic mutation in the COL3A1 gene, confirming vEDS. Early intervention, including thrombolysis and a tailored rehabilitation program, led to partial neurological recovery. This case underscores the critical importance of recognizing genetic disorders as underlying causes of ischemic strokes in young adults. We emphasize the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis, acute treatment, and prevention of recurrence in such patients.