Abstract The article deals with the problems of historiography of the armed conflict in the Chechen Republic. That study highlights the scientific and objective truth, comparing it with the comments of the contemporaries. In terms of methodological aspects it is an interesting work for specialists in the fields of history and political science. The author urges us to meditate on the objective truth and subjective opinion, based on perception of events.

Abstract The article analyzes different perspectives on the concept of judicial error. The author offers her own definition of the term and highlights the causes and conditions of committing a judicial error.

Abstract In the current conditions of the development of the world economy and international economic relations, the variety of forms of foreign direct investment determines the large-scale and multilateral influence that they can have on the social and economic development of recipient countries, which makes FDI consideration one of the important factors of economic growth. They acquire special significance in the transformation period, characterized by profound changes in the macroeconomic conditions of the economy. The inflow of foreign capital facilitates the solution of many problems facing the country-importer of capital, so attracting and effectively incorporating foreign direct investment into the system of factors of economic growth is the most important strategic and tactical task of the Republic of Moldova. Therefore, the new realities of modern world economic relations objectively need the adjustment of strategies and tactics of industrial policy pursued in countries that export and accept foreign capital in the form of direct investments. This predetermines the rationale and development of special programs and generating mechanisms that facilitate the attraction of foreign investment, given their beneficial effect on national economies. The article deals with the development of the investment sphere in the national economy in the context of the practice of countries with a market economy.

Abstract In this study, the problems and the difficulties faced by the EU are currently being resolved, the results of the June 24, 2018 Summit on Migration, attended by representatives of 16 states, are appreciated. The author updates Pierre Vimont’s findings in “Migration to Europe: Overcoming the Solidarity Crisis”. The author also looks at the Schengen Agreement as legal support for the liquidation or diminution of customs and border control within the EU and the Dublin III Regulation adopted in 2013. In conclusion, it is mentioned that the migration and solidarity crisis in the United Europe is deepening because of the structural and functional incoherence of the EU, the excessive bureaucracy of the administrative and decision-making process and the lack of new Community rules that would meet the regulatory requirements of the created situation.

Abstract Relationships between the geographic space and the policy of a region have been archaically imposed before the scientific concept crystallizes. Some archaic ideas have survived and have been taken over by various political, geographic or humanist research schools. Geopolitics, Geostrategy and, more recently, GeoInteligence have adapted to new areal, regional or global challenges. Together with the danger of nuclear escalation, the hybrid war has returned to the forefront of the worst threats to the West, after the “rate” of the Russia-NATO dialogue. NATO member states, in addition to the rights conferred by the Alliance, also have duties and, indirectly, are part of areal, regional or global threats. It is important to identify the level of knowledge and understanding of hybrid warfare mechanisms, on the following coordinates: notions and concepts, institutions capable of counteracting it and security. As we have shown in many analyses published over the years, geopolitical research is of particular interest in studying with insistence the conditions that determine the evolution of a nation in a certain geographic space, comprising two distinctive aspects of meaning and importance. The first is the relations with the states in the more distant geographic area, and the second is the economic, political, cultural, ethno-confessional and military-strategic relations area conditioned by a certain collaboration.

Abstract The study addresses a relevant topic for the Moldovan society in the face of selfdetermination with regard to regional integration. EU integration is a policy choice for the Moldovan state; a cultural mission for the institutions responsible for young people’s training and educating; hope for citizens employed abroad. At each stage of European integration: the nearby technical assistance and cooperation, association and integration, Moldovan society has concrete goals reflected in the documents signed by the heads of state institutions. Achieving this is possible only through assimilation of European values, awareness of the EU founding states’ experience. Undecided Moldovans referring to involvement in political decision-making process often change political situation in the country. To convince them that the European model of European integration is viable and advantageous it is necessary to duplicate employees’ efforts in promoting European values, in teaching various courses at European Studies. The experience of European countries in guaranteeing social rights by helping the person to meet basic necessities is a priority objective in agenda of teachers and researchers of political, social, economic processes. The author notes that the social dimension of European integration is reflected in social policy objectives, which over the years have been reformulated, updated. The given thesis is justified by the content of the European Social Charter, amended for three times over three decades (1965 -1995). European institutions have found that the state intended for postindustrial society lies in its ability to protect, to support a person, to help adapt to the conditions dictated by the market economy. The laws of the market economy limit and often exclude state involvement in the management of business processes. Also in conditions of globalization and market economy vulnerable groups, who lost, for various reasons, their ability to work or have lost their jobs require assistance and social protection. To fulfill their obligations towards citizens, European states have developed different models of interaction with the private sector of national economies, civil society, known as the British, Scandinavian, continental, corporate, Mediterranean models, assessed as component parts of the European Social Model. By applying comparative study to analyze the experience of European countries, the author manages to elucidate the specificity of each model and to formulate recommendations for the Moldovan political class. Research methodology: Big opportunities in defining and decoding European integration process content, the phenomenon of social assistance and protection and their content analysis, comparative study, synergistics. The application of historical method allowed the author to follow developments of programs of assistance and social protection content.

Abstract The evolution of ideology and the influence of the geopolitical factor in the possibility of realizing national statehood in Cossack Ukraine are traced. Political and legal peculiarities and legal sources of formation of the pro-Russian, pro-Polish and pro-Turkish models of the national statehood of the then Ukrainian formed under the influence of the geopolitical factor were discovered. It is noted both on the most pro-Ukrainian “Turkish” model of the realization of the idea of the Ukrainian Cossack statehood.

Abstract This article attempts to clarify the relationship between international migration and the labor market in Algeria. The aim of the work is to identify the relationship between Algerian migration and the main indicators of the labor market. Analysis of the available data revealed two results. The first one points to the peculiarities of the demographic structure of the population, which is responsible for the constant strain on the labor market, as a result of which there is a migration of labor, for which the Algerian state has spent not little money. The second result indicates a low ability of the country’s economy to create jobs that meet the expectations of those who seek it, as a result of which labor migration also occurs.

Abstract This article analyzes two phenomena - participatory democracy and representative democracy in the context of historical changes based on a comparative study. As a result of the investigation, the author concludes that theoretical conceptions focused on participatory democracy provide support to the society in the conditions of transition to the democratic model, by the development of conditions of social affirmation, participation in the decision-making process, development of policies that affect their life, especially directly and not through their elected representatives (as in the case of representative democracy). Active citizenship, generated by civic culture, and participatory democracy define the principles of claiming and securing the rights of the poor and the excluded, the formation of effective national systems that sufficiently reflect the particularities of contemporary processes. Participatory democracy can thus transform the individual from a private citizen, only concerned with his problems, into a public citizen, attentive, thoughtful, who cares about what is happening around him.

Abstract The article analyzes the problems of existence of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Republic of Moldova. In the current environment, the SME sector allows only to maintain the Moldovan economy afloat and thereby make it more stable. However, despite the revival of SMEs business activity, too many negative factors hamper their development. The situation develops so that the interest of investors towards Moldova in the sphere of SMEs decreases. The main indicators showing the effectiveness of SMEs fall, and those that grow reflect the growth of corruption, instability, and the inadequacy of the business climate. Despite serious problems faced by entrepreneurs in Moldova, they still have the opportunity to successfully develop in some areas. The importance and role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Republic of Moldova can significantly increase in the near future, provided that the reforms are actually implemented, in consequence of which the business infrastructure will change, which will promote the development of competitive companies.

Abstract In the process of economic and financial activity of any entity, there is the need to settle with buyers, suppliers, budget, staff, etc. Since the moment of payment of debts does not coincide, usually with the moment of their occurrence, the enterprise generates both receivables and debts. The size, composition, structure and rate of rotation of receivables and debts determine the enterprise’s needs in the working capital fund, a number of financial indicators and, ultimately, the enterprise’s profit. Since the enterprise can change the settlement method and the terms of the contracts, it is of utmost importance that the state of receivables and debts and their management are constantly monitored. The issue of the comparability of receivables and debts is necessary and timely. It serves as a basis for analyzing the liquidity of the balance sheet and the solvency of the entity, since it must pay off its debts irrespective of whether the borrowers have honored their payment commitments or not. Therefore, receivables and debts should be considered separately, namely: receivables - as temporary assets in the economic circuit, and debts - as means attracted in this circuit. In this context, the purpose of the research is to determine the impact of debt and short-term receivables on the development of the agricultural entity. The object of the research is the limited liability company “Fânat-Agro”, which has its headquarters in the village of Albinetul Vechi in Fale?ti region.

Abstract The indisputable importance and necessity of ballistic expertise is directly determined by the gravity of crimes, and firearms are used to commit serious, particularly serious and exceptionally serious crimes. This article addresses some aspects of ballistic expertise in the firearms examination, in particular: - what are the criteria for guiding the ballistician to assign objects to the firearm category? - what is and how to determine the state of operation and usefulness for firing weapons? - determining the usefulness for firing artisanal firearms.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to highlight the peculiarity of the logistics management of a tourist company in solving the problems and plans of transporting people on the international tourist routes. Thus, it considers the issue of organizing international transport for persons on tourist routes, which is planned and carried out by a tourist company with its own buses or with those contracted from a car transport company. The tourist transports are made on different types of tourist routes, which are categorized in different categories of use of technological processes for movement of persons, highlighted by starting point and destination, by directions of movement of persons and after possible variants by bus use and coaches. Concluding, we can state that transport activity is the central axis of the entire national or international tourism system. We will try to demonstrate the importance of a high-quality transport logistics management for the success of the tourism activities that incorporate them.

Abstract We consider writing of this article important in two aspects. The first aspect is that today, more than ever, in a society characterized by an accentuated dynamics of structural changes and the importance of these changes, the man is centered and this raises new educational tasks, which he has to deal with. The second aspect is, in the context of the explosive evolution in all fields [6, p.69-72] of the last 25 years, in the ways that have changed a profound determination, which are aimed at employees’ education and training.

Abstract Laws’ constitutionality control, as one of the most important duties of the Constitutional Court, has been a constant concern of state institutions. This concern was materialized in an attempt to regulate, to reform and to modernize the process of laws’ constitutionality control fulfillment. It is natural that not always the issue of laws’ constitutionality control was directly targeted by public policy. Most often, it acted indirectly primarily on institutional reforms and other aspects of indirect nature. However, there are sufficient examples proving concern to stipulate directly some reconsideration of issues to review the constitutionality of laws.

Abstract A commercial contract is a legal relationship. This raises the immediate question on which law is applicable, because different countries have different laws and the content and effect of those laws can vary greatly. It is therefore sensible to state in a contract which set of laws will govern it. Otherwise, if the contract terms become relevant later in a dispute between the parties, there will be a risk of a wasteful preliminary battle about which set of laws should be used to interpret the parties‘ obligations. This is a particularly important issue in an international context, where a contract may be connected with several places. For example, the parties may be in different countries and the place for performance may be a third country. In such cases there are several legal systems with potential relevance to the contract, making it all the more necessary to decide expressly what system of law will govern. A governing law clause does this by setting out expressly the parties‘ choice of the law that will apply.

Abstract The contemporary world is characterized by multiple risks and challenges to the security sector. In this context, security issues are given increased attention to in all states. It is not an exception for the post-Soviet countries, which have lately paid great attention to the level of functioning of the state system, empowered to ensure national security, the role of the National Security Council. The authors suggest correlating the diversity of factors influencing the national security of the Republic of Moldova, defining the powers and priorities in the activity of the National Security Council.

Abstract The author reviews all the documents related to the national security of the Republic of Moldova, highlighting several stages in the elaboration of the security policy. The first stage of the national security and defense policy includes the period from the declaration of independence of the Republic of Moldova until the adoption of the Constitution of our country (1991-1994). The second stage in defining the country’s defense and security policy, which begins with the adoption of the National Security Concept of the Republic of Moldova on May 5, 1995, considered an important legal act. In 2008, the National Security Concept was adopted. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the national security of the Republic of Moldova cannot be conceived outside the context of international security, and within the efforts of the European integration of our country special attention is paid to the intensification of cooperation with the EU.

The specifics of the post-Soviet state the Republic of Moldova is that the Russian-speaking community comprises not only the Russian national minority (5.95%), but also other ethnic minorities – Ukrainian (8.34%), Bulgarian (1.94%) Gagauz (4.36%) – who were subjected in Soviet times to an intense process of denationalization and Russification. Their integration into the Moldovan culture is quite low. Abad integration into Moldovan society, poor knowledge of Moldovan (Romanian) language by the Russian-speaking minority leads to the fact that they prefer the Eastern vector, despite the clear advantages offered by the European integration. The success of a good forward of the country on the path of European integration, supported by a reinforced majority of Moldovan society, involves making efforts to a better integration of Russian-speaking community.

Abstract In this article, the author deals with various phenomena that explain the geopolitics of the Border States. It is about border state, Eastern partnership, geostrategic significance, myth of the visa-free regime. Various theses referto the crisis of the European Union and the European states. The author expresses his own opinion on the future of Europe, wondering what will follow after the failure of the Eastern Partnership Program. The relations of the European Union with Russia are described as well. In conclusion, the author goes back to the objectives of the Eastern Partnership, noting that they concern the economic interests of the European Union.

Abstract The contemporary world is characterized by multiple risks and challenges to the security sector. In this context, security issues are given increased attention to in all states. It is not an exception for the post-Soviet countries, which have lately paid great attention to the level of functioning of the state system, empowered to ensure national security, the role of the National Security Council. The authors suggest correlating the diversity of factors influencing the national security of the Republic of Moldova, defining the powers and priorities in the activity of the National Security Council.